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GCSE Geography Homework Y9Term 1
You must complete all the homework activities to the best of your ability
Name: _____________________________________________________________
Figure 1, a map showing the distribution of earthquakes in a part of SE Asia.
1.
Look at figure. Shade the two correct statements (2)
o The earthquakes occur only in the sea / ocean
o Earthquakes mostly occur in long, narrow chains
o Earthquakes mostly occur along the edge of tectonic plates
o There are a lot of earthquakes in Java
2. Describe the distribution (where they are) of major earthquakes shown in figure 1 (2)
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3. Outline one reason for the distribution of earthquakes shown in figure 1 (2)
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4. Define the term ‘natural hazard’ (2)
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5. Name each layer of the Earth (4)
6. Read through the text and highlight important information.7. Produce a revision card on the outline.8. Answer the Exam question
Structure of the EarthThe inner core- is in the centre and is the hottest part of the Earth. It is solid and temperatures reach 5,500cThe outer core- is the layer surrounding the inner core it is liquid made of nickel and iron.The mantle- is the thickest section. Made of molten rock called magma.
Plate tectonic theoryThe crust is divided into either continental or oceanic. One theory is that plates move due to convection currents. These circulating currents can move the plates together or part.
Plate margins/boundariesDestructive plate margin- Usually involves an oceanic and continental crust. The plates move towards each other and this movement causes earthquakes. As the plates/crust collide, the oceanic crust is forced down beneath the continental this is called subduction. This is because the oceanic crust is denser. The oceanic crust goes into the mantle and begins to melt into magma. The pressure of the magma builds up beneath the Earth’s surface. The magma escapes through the weakness in the rock and rises through a composite volcano. The eruptions are often violent. If two continental crusts collide, neither can sink and so the land buckles upwards to form fold mountains. This is a collision margin. Earthquakes can occur here.Constructive plate margins- 2 plates move apart from one another. The magma rises up to make new land in the form of a shield volcano. The movement of the plates can cause earthquakes. The eruptions of the shield volcano tend to be gentle as the lava is runny.Conservative plate margin- The plates move past each other or are side by side moving at different speeds. As the plate moves, friction occurs and the plate get stuck. Pressure builds as the plates are still trying to move. When the pressure is released it send out huge amounts of energy, causing an earthquake. These earthquakes can be very destructive especially if the focus is shallow. There are no volcanoes here.
One example of the type of diagram you need to draw has been done for you. You need to add the annotations and complete the Conservative and Constructive margins.
1-3 Simple diagrams and labels. 4 – 6 Clear diagrams with some explanatory annotations. Key terms used. Some sequence. 7 – 9 Detailed diagrams and annotations which clearly explain why volcanoes ad/or earthquakes occur at different plate margins. Key terms used throughout. Clear sequence.
o Add more detail to your annotations to explain WHY an earthquake / volcano occurs
o Number your annotations to show the sequence of events clearly
o Use key terms such as subductions zone, plate margin and oceanic plate
o Name the plate margins e.g. Conservative
8. Exam Question: Produce three annotated diagrams to explain why earthquakes and volcanoes occur at different plate margins (9)
9. Describe the distribution of the LIC/NEEs most affected by the pressures of urban growth (3)_______________________________________________________________________________________________
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10. Describe the trend shown by the slum population table (2)
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11. Shade the two correct statements about the data table (2)
o Slum populations are expected to grow by 0.55 billion between 1990 and 2020
o Slum populations are expected to grow by 0.75 billion between 1990 and 2020
o Slum population growth shows a steady increase
o Slum population growth shows a steady decrease
12. Using the resource, define the term ‘slum’ (2)
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13. A recent United Nations (UN) report found that nearly _________ million are living in areas
where they have no access to clean water, sanitation or legal security.
Africa has ______________% of the world’s slum dwellers compared to ____________% in South
America. In _________________ the situation is much worse with nearly ____________ living in
slums.
14. Read the map labels and classify the pressures found in each city as social, economic or
environmental in the table below: (6)
City Social, economic or
environmental?
Cairo, Egypt
Mumbai, India
Beijing, China
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Nairobi, Kenya
Phnom Penh,
Cambodia
15. Discuss the wider consequences that living in a city like Beijing might have for people (4)
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16. Using the figure, state which two of the natural hazards were caused by the earthquake in China. Shade two circles only. (2)
o Wildfireso Landslideso Volcanoeso Tsunamiso Floods
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17. Using the figure and your own knowledge, suggest why the effects of a tectonic hazard vary between areas of contrasting wealth (6)
1-3 Simple statements about the effects of tectonic hazards. Reference to the figure may be present. Weak link to varying levels of wealth.4 – 6 Clear reference to figure and own knowledge. Detailed explanation of how effects vary depending on level of wealth. Key terms used.
o Refer clearly to the figure ‘as you can see..’o Use your own knowledge e.g. how might he
impact be different in a HIC?o Clearly explain how wealth affects the impact of a
tectonic event e.g. do more people die in a LIC? Why?
18. Evaluate the impact of Planning, Protection and Prediction (3Ps) in saving lives in tectonically active zones. (9)
Paragraph 1:
The figure shows….
People might suffer badly because…
Paragraph 2:
From my own knowledge I know that….
People in HICs suffer less because…
However people in LICs….
Paragraph 1:
Prediction is when….
It is important in saving lives because..
Paragraph 2:
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19. Read through the text and highlight important information.20. Produce a revision card on the outline.21. Answer the Exam question
1-3 Simple diagrams and labels. 4 – 6 Clear diagrams with some explanatory annotations. Key terms used. Some sequence. 7 – 9 Detailed diagrams and annotations which clearly explain why volcanoes ad/or earthquakes occur at different plate margins. Key terms used throughout. Clear sequence.
o Refer clearly to the case study. You need to include specific facts.
o Explain why people in a LIC suffer more. What evidence is there to prove this?
o Evaluate – to you totally or partly disagree / agree with the statement?
o Write like a Geographer! Use key terms.
Paragraph 1:
Prediction is when….
It is important in saving lives because..
Paragraph 2:
Maule, Chile, 2010 (HIC) 27th February – Magnitude 8.8Primary Effects Secondary Effects500 people died.12000 people injured.220000 homes, 4500 schools, 56 hospitals and 53 ports destroyed.
1500km of roads damaged by landslides – remote communicates cut off Coastal towns hit by tsunami waves.A fire at a chemical plant near Santiago.
Immediate Responses Long-term ResponsesEmergency services arrived quickly.Temporary repairs made to Route 5 North-South highway made in 24 hours. Within 10 days 90% home had water and power restored.$60 million raised.
One month later, gov. launched rehousing plan to help 200 000 households.Economy could be rebuilt based on copper exports rather than international aid. Take up to 4 years to fully recover.
Gorka, Nepal, 2015 (LIC)25th April – Magnitude 7.9Primary Effects Secondary Effects8841 people died.16800 people injured.7000 schools, 26 hospitals and Daharahara Tower (heritage site) destroyed.
3 million homeless.Avalanche in Langstang left 250 missing. Landslide blocked Kali Gandaki river – risk of flooding.
Immediate Responses Long-term ResponsesInternational help requested.Helicopters rescued people on Mt. Everest.500, 000 tents provided.Field hospitals set up.Free telephone calls.
Lakes and valleys cleared of landslide material to avoid flooding.Stricter building controls enforced. New trekking routes opened on Mt. Everest and permits extended.$247 aid money raised.
20. “During natural hazards LICs seems to suffer more than HICs” To what extent do you agree with this statement? (9)
1-3 Simple statements made about the effects of tectonic hazards.4 – 6 Clear use of examples to illustrate answer with details. Clear comparison between HIC/LIC7 – 9 Specific details used to explain the differing impacts in a LIC and HIC. Evaluation is clear. Use of key terms throughout.
o Refer clearly to the case study. You need to include specific facts.
o Explain why people in a LIC suffer more. What evidence is there to prove this?
o Evaluate – to you totally or partly disagree / agree with the statement?
o Write like a Geographer! Use key terms.
Paragraph 1:
On one hand LICs suffer more than HICs.
*use evidence from the case study to prove this point. You should make more than one point!
Paragraph 2:
However HICs also suffer during earthquakes..
*use evidence from the case study to back up this point. You can make more than one point!
Conclusion:
To a large extent / some extent I partly / totally agree with this statement because..
