seererasmus.files.wordpress.com · Web viewThe realization of the survey was carried out in cooperation between EkoFond and SPP. Since the SEER project is focused on the real estate

Survey conducted within the SEER project on energy efficiency in the building sector - Slovakia

I. Initial situation in Slovakia

Energy efficiency synergically contributes to reducing the energy demandingness of the economy, it contributes to the increased energy security and has an impact on reducing operating costs, savings of primary energy sources contribute to reducing the energy impact on the environment. The energy demandingness of Slovakia has had a decreasing tendency in the last 15 years. Over the period 2006-2012, the energy efficiency decrease by more than 27%. This positive development results from the restructuring of the industry, from the introduction of low-energy production processes in industry, and from the improvement of the building's thermal and technical characteristics and the change of appliances by more economical ones. Nevertheless, the Slovak Republic has the seventh highest energy demandingness based on the permanent prices in EU-28. The Slovak Republic has transposed the entire strategic and legislative framework of the EU in the field of energy efficiency into the national strategic and legislative framework.

Nevertheless, it should be noted that, on the basis of the data available by 31.12.2016, the Slovak Republic does not meet the partial annual energy savings targets set for each year until 2020. Nor does it meet the targets for energy savings in buildings. The last assessed goal is the energy savings goal by the final consumer, which was also not met in 2016.

The evaluation of 2017 is currently underway, but even now it can be said that without major changes, the implementation of the national indicative targets for the whole monitored period until the end of the year. 2020 could be threatened. The most significant potential for energy savings is in the industry and the building sector. It is necessary to actively promote, at national level, the measures aimed at the energy efficiency of buildings. One thing is strategy, action plans and policies, the creation of support mechanisms at national level and another thing is their implementation at the level of the regions and at the micro level of individual subjects. It is important here that all relevant bodies, organizations and individuals should be aware of tendencies in energy efficiency and energy savings in buildings. Without adequate educational programs, courses, seminars and training, a major change in status will not be achieved. And this is the subject of the SEER project.

II. The target group of the survey

The founder of the non-investment fund EkoFond is a energy company with its activities around Slovakia that supplies energy commodities to all available groups of gas and electricity customers. The company's name is Slovenský plynárenský priemysel, a.s. (hereinafter referred to as "SPP"). EkoFond is one of the tools for implementing the CSR policy of its founder. The realization of the survey was carried out in cooperation between EkoFond and SPP.

Since the SEER project is focused on the real estate segment (real estate business, facility management, building management, etc.), one of the objectives of the project is to map the current situation in the field of energy efficiency and sustainable energy education for this segment and to identify new educational needs within Slovakia and in the partner countries

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of the project, thus obtaining a relevant basis for outputs to be realized in the later stages of the project.

One of the first steps in the SEER project was the implementation of a survey aimed at a selected group of people operating in the real estate segment. The survey results will be used to develop an educational and training strategy for the real estate sector.

For the implementation of the survey, three basic groups of subjects were identified:

- the first group were the real estate agencies and their employees, owners, managers;- the second group were facility management organizations and their staff, owners,

managers;- the third group were students of the study field “the technician of the energy facilities

in buildings”, their teachers and master of vocation training, and companies cooperating with secondary schools who teach the study field the technician of the energy facilities in buildings”.

In the first step, on January 12, 2018, the respondents from the first and second groups - through direct mailing - in total of 443 people were addressed. After one week from sending a mass mail, recalling took place in order to re-initiate completion of the questionnaire.

At the same time, information on the implementation of the survey, together with the link to the questionnaire, was published on the EkoFond website. This link was viewed 1037 times in total.

By 30.1.2018, 32 questionnaires were completed.

During the international meeting of the project team in Tallinn (29-30 January 2018), we decided to address the third group of respondents on the basis of a discussion with the project partners. A good opportunity was, among other things, an international conference organized by EkoFond on 7.2.2018. The theme of the conference was education at secondary vocational schools, implementation of the dual education system and the reform of education in Slovakia.

During the conference we presented the SEER project as well as the survey and asked the participants to actively take part in the survey.

The questionnaire was completed by 88 respondents in total.

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Characteristics of respondents

Respondents´ gender

woman

man

other / I do not want to spec i f y

0.0 % 20.0 % 40.0 % 60.0 % 80.0 % 100.0 %

22.4 %

76.5 %

1.2 %

All (Mean:1.79, Dev iation:0.44) (Responses :85)

Respondents’ age

younger than 20

21-25 years

26-30 years

31-35 years

36-40 years

41-45 years

46-50 years

51-55 years

56-60 years

61-65 years

66-70 years

above 70

0.0 % 20.0 % 40.0 % 60.0 % 80.0 % 100.0 %

33.0 %3.4 %

0.0 %3.4 %

5.7 %9.1 %

8.0 %17.0 %

6.8 %9.1 %

1.1 %3.4 %


The highest level of education

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postgraduate (PhD)

academic (mas ters ´)

academic (bachelors ´)

appl ied sc ience (bachelors ´)

vocat ional educat ion

secondary school

Other, please spec i f y

0.0 % 20.0 % 40.0 % 60.0 % 80.0 % 100. 0 %

10.3 %

37.9 %

10.3 %

4.6 %

19.5 %

36.8 %

9.2 %


Field of education

educat ion focused on t rade/bus iness

machine engineering, technique

legal area of management

fac i l i t y management

f inanc ial management

Other, please spec i fy

0.0 % 20.0 % 40.0 % 60.0 % 80.0 % 100.0 %

10.5 %

50.0 %

9.3 %

24.4 %

10.5 %

12.8 %

All (Mean:3.11, Dev iation:1.52) (Res pons es :86)

Current position in the real estate sector

objec t manager

fac i l i t y manager

f inanc ial manager

engineer, focus on technical f ields

0.0 % 20.0 % 40.0 % 60.0 % 80.0 % 100.0 %

5.8 %

31.4 %

32.6 %

19.8 %

12.8 %

5.8 %

5.8 %

18.6 %

All (Mean:4.03, Dev iation:2.12) (Res pons es :86)

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Number of years of professional experience in the real estate sector

chosen opt ion

< 1 year

1-2 years

3-5 years

6-9 years

10 – 20 years

> 20 years

0.0 % 20.0 % 40.0 % 60.0 % 80.0 % 100.0 %

0.0 %

26.9 %

12.8 %

6.4 %

11.5 %

24.4 %

17.9 %

All (Mean:4.47, Dev iat ion:1.92) (Responses :78)

The respondents' profile corresponds to the selected target groups. From the perspective of the current real estate market, the main stakeholders in the real estate from all three addressed groups – the real estate owners, property managers and object managers, financial and business managers, real estate brokers, teachers and students (these are mainly incorporated in category Other ...) actively participated in the survey.

When looking at the highest education, more than 50% of respondents have academic education - doctoral, master's or bachelor's, while the remaining respondents report vocational education or a secondary school or are still students. The most important from the statistics point of view is the focus of education mainly on engineering, technology (50%) and the real estate management and equipment management (24.4%), followed by the business education, financial management and legal education.

From the point of view of the age of respondents and number of years of their professional experience, two main groups of respondents - students and persons active in the labour market - were crystallized.

These outputs confirm the correctness of the setting of the main addressed groups but indicate some differences in their reactions and responses. Due to the fact that, in particular, student responses have a limited level of evidence from the point of view of their experience, analysis of the survey results was carried out in two relevant groups. The age of respondents was used as the key parameter to divide the results into two analysed groups. Based on the age of the respondents, we divided the respondents and their answers into two basic groups - a group of persons under the age of 20 and the other respondents.

III. Survey methodology

The questionnaire itself was processed on the basis of a discussion of all project partners and the final questionnaire was adapted to the local conditions of each country.

The questionnaire contains a total of 23 questions. Out of these, 3 were the so-called "open questions” and 20 questions were the multiple-choice question. In some of these 20 questions, there was a possibility to answer "Others" - with the possibility to mention and explain the answer in a wider context.

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Questions in the questionnaires were divided into several areas:

- Information about respondents- Trends and development in the segment of buildings/energy sector- National tendency in the energy efficiency of buildings- Recapitulation of the educational needs

The methodology of evaluation of the open questions was discussed in detail at the international project partners' meeting held in Tallin in January 2018. The open questions and their evaluation will be used as basis for the qualitative analysis of the survey results.

IV. Quantitative analysis of the survey results Which of the following trends and developments in terms of sustainability and energy efficiency do you think are the most important and most powerful:

a) for the society as a wholeb) For the real estate sectorc) for the company of the respondent

Digitalisation for the

Urbanisation for the

Availability of new building materials and techniques for

Growth of the service economy for

New technologies of energy efficiency for

Demand for higher maintenance efficiency

Access to (new) RES resource for the sector

Development of new inter-sectoral professions for

53.4%51.2%

56.8%14.8%

18.6%19.3%

50.0%59.3%

62.5%34.1%

19.8%21.6%

62.5%66.3%

79.5%35.2%

37.2%23.9%

43.2%54.7%

64.8%18.2%

12.8%17.0%

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The most important role will be played by the new energy efficiency technologies - this trend is assessed by the respondents as a principal trend from all three perspectives. In the assessment of other trends, the views are different - from the perspective of society as a whole and for the real estate sector, the most significant are the new sources of renewable energy, availability of new building materials and technologies and digitization. From the respondent's company point of view, the ranking of the evaluated trends is different - the second most frequent trend is digitization followed by the availability of new building materials, access to new sources of renewable energy, and as the fourth most important trend is the development of new cross-sectoral skills. They are followed by the demand for higher efficiency of maintenance and the growth of services economy.

Question No. 4 - Which sector of real estate will be affected most strongly in the next 5-10 years by sustainability and energy efficiency requirements and utilization of renewable energies?

bui lding and equipment managementf inanc ial management

home owner assoc iat ions owners (s tate, local government )

private ownersent repreneurs

real es tate assoc iat ions / real es tate organisat ions

cons t ruc t ion companieslogis t ics prov iders

energy serv ices companies Others , please spec if y

0.0 %20.0 %

40.0 %60.0 %

80.0 %

100.0 %

64.8 %12.5 %

26.1 %40.9 %

31.8 %20.5 %

11.4 %39.8 %

9.1 %52.3 %

0.0 %


From the responses, it is clear that the respondents mention the four principal areas that will be subject to the greatest impact in the coming period: building and equipment management, energy service companies, state and local governments as owners of the buildings and construction companies.

Question No.5 - Which of the following actors do you think have the biggest active (“shaping”) effect on sustainability and energy efficiency in real estate? Please choose the 3 most important ones.

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Publ ic ) pol icy makers

NGOs/publ ic organisat ions

technical companies

Researcheers and univers i t ies

opinion formers

engineers , architec ts

educat ional ins t i tut ions (vocat ional and profess ional)

Others , please spec if y

0.0 %

20.0 %

40.0 %

60.0 %

80.0 %

100.0 %

55.2 %

21.8 %

42.5 %

47.1 %

25.3 %

40.2 %

50.6 %

4.6 %

All (Mean:4.08, Dev iat ion:2.16) (Res pons es :87)

From the answers, it is clear that in addition to the public policy makers (55.2%) the respondents reported educational institutions (50.6%) and researchers and universities (47.1%).

Question No.7 -Which factors do you think have the biggest effect on the financial aspects of real estate sector in the next 10-15 years? Please choose the 3 most important ones.

sus tainabi l i t y

energet ic ef f ic iency

aesthet ics

consumer behav iour

prices of the real es tates

investment c l imate

pol icy developments


0.0 % 20.0 % 40.0 % 60.0 % 80.0 % 100.0 %

47.7 %

62.5 %

19.3 %

42.0 %

69.3 %

20.5 %

27.3 %

1.1 %


Here the respondents identified the four key factors: the real estate prices (69.3%), energy efficiency (62.5%), sustainability (47.7%) and customer behaviour (42%).

Question No.8 - Which of the following factors will be most important in consumer behaviour regarding real estate in 10-15 years? Please choose the 3 most important ones.

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Price of serv ices and produc ts

prices of energy

sus tainabi l i t y of qual i ty

energy ef f ic iency

aesthet ics

adaptabi l i t y of prov ided serv ices of fered to digi tal isat ion/ IoT

heal th and comfort

Others , please spec i f y

0.0 %

20.0 %

40.0 %

60.0 %

80.0 %

100.0 %

67.0 %

64.8 %

22.7 %

55.7 %

17.0 %

18.2 %

30.7 %

1.1 %


The most important factors reported by the respondents were the prices of services and products (67%), prices of energy (64.8%) and energy efficiency (55.7%). The next factor was health and comfort (30.7%).

Interesting answers are to the Question No. 9 - Which of the following challenges will be most important to deal with through training and education? Please rate the three most important ones.

Respondents reported the following factors ranked according to their rate:

1. How to improve public knowledge and awareness on the renewable energy sources 59.1%

2. How to balance costs and profits of renovation of existing public buildings to increase the energy efficiency under pressure from public (44.3%)

3. How to change in consumers´ behaviour to come in line with sector developments (43.2%)

4. How to apply (new) renewable sources of energy to real estate.

Interesting in this respect will be the comparison with the partner countries involved in the project, which are further in achieving the objectives of the building economy – e.g. the impact of the Information Revolution 4.0 and IoT, what does not exist at all in Slovakia..

Equally interesting will be the comparison with the answers to the Question No. 10 - Which of the following trends will have the biggest impact on construction and construction education in the next 10-15 years? Please choose the 3 most important ones..

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Func t ion f ree bui ldings

Economy of serv ices

Energy ef f ic iency

Use of renewable resources

Access ibi l i t y of new materials

Access ibi l i t y of new cons t ruc t ion techniquesCircular approach to cons t ruc t ion / use of

sus tainable development princ iplesFloat ing cons t ruc t ions


0.0 %

20.0 %

40.0 %

60.0 %

80.0 %

100.0 %

18.2 %

18.2 %

54.5 %

61.4 %

50.0 %

46.6 %

18.2 %

9.1 %

1.1 %


According to the survey result, the following trends will have the most important influence on construction and education in construction in Slovakia:

1. the use of renewable energy sources2. energy efficiency3. availability of new materials4. availability of new building techniques and technologies

Results of this answer correspond also with the results of the answers to the questions No. 1-3 of the survey which confirms the consistency of the respondents' answers.

Question No.11 - Which sources of renewable energy would you be most interested in increasing your knowledge on?

1=not at all, 5= very)

Wind energy

1 2 3 4 50.0 %

20.0 %

40.0 %

60.0 %

80.0 %

100.0 %

26.1 %18.2 %

22.7 %

8.0 %

25.0 %

All (Mean:2.87, Dev iat ion:1.51) (Responses :88)

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Solar energy

1 2 3 4 50.0 %

20.0 %

40.0 %

60.0 %

80.0 %

100.0 %

5.7 %

14.8 % 17.0 %

27.3 %35.2 %


Bio fuel

1 2 3 4 50.0 %

20.0 %

40.0 %

60.0 %

80.0 %

100.0 %

17.0 % 14.8 %

31.8 %

20.5 %15.9 %


Heat recycling/recuperation

1 2 3 4 50.0 %

20.0 %

40.0 %

60.0 %

80.0 %

100.0 %

10.2 % 11.4 %14.8 %

28.4 %35.2 %


Geothermal energy

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1 2 3 4 50.0 %

20.0 %

40.0 %

60.0 %

80.0 %

100.0 %

17.0 % 14.8 %

33.0 %

13.6 %21. 6 %


Heat pumps

1 2 3 4 50.0 %

20.0 %

40.0 %

60.0 %

80.0 %

100.0 %

3.4 %9.1 %

13.6 %

28.4 %

45.5 %


Energy from waste

1 2 3 4 50.0 %

20.0 %

40.0 %

60.0 %

80.0 %

100.0 %

15.9 % 13.6 %18.2 %

23. 9 %28.4 %


From the point of view of the respondents' preferences, there is clearly the greatest interest in education in the area of the heat pumps, heat recycling / recuperation, solar energy utilization and waste energy. In general, there is interest in education in all these areas. The lowest interest is education in the area of the geothermal and wind energy, what is related to the existing potential or the potential of these energy sources in Slovakia assessed by the respondents.

From the point of view of the completed training course, the identified trend is to participate either in a longer education (more than 20 days) - 28.4% of the respondents or of 1-5 days -

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27.3% of the respondents. Most often, the respondents are trained at professional conferences (59.8%), in the company (42.5%) and in the educational institutions.

Areas in which the respondents are interested in education (Question 14):

Energy ef f ic ient renovat ion of bui ldings

Improvement of inner areas

Des ign and const ruc t ion of new energy ef f ic ient bui ldings

Improvement of sus tainabi l i t y in suppl iers ´ chains

0.0 %

20.0 %

40.0 %

60.0 %

80.0 %

100.0 %

65.9 %

35.2 %

31.8 %

53.4 %

39.8 %

29.5 %

18.2 %

2.3 %


V. Analysis of open questions

Question No. 6 How would you describe the current focus in your country regarding energy efficiency and sustainability in the real estate sector?

4% 8% 12% 10%

6- veľmi dobre 5 4 3 2 1 - veľmi zle

The evaluation is based on 49 most relevant answers, in the scale: 6 – very good up to 1 – very bad.

Impact analysis & business case; the financial and commercial side 3Effective operation of buildings & life cycle optimisation 31Case studies & real results; practical examples 1Implementation of new techniques and technology (digital, sources, materials) in legacy systems 3Renovation or demolition of public / private buildings Transfer of knowledge, including regarding regulations and legislation 5BIM Design and maintenance of nearZero Energy Buildings (nZEB) Awareness & behaviour; providers and users 8Consumer behaviour and guidance 2I don´t know 9

Together 62

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Results:There is a strong trend focusing on effective operation of buildings and renewable energy sources utilisation, but most of the respondents declare, that Slovakia is only at the beginning of this process. They are missing clear state strategy in this area, stronger support of this trend, especially in the area of setting clear rules, supporting financial schemes, education.

Examples of answers:

Not sufficient support of related processes by existing Operational programs (municipalities)High price of energy efficient technologies.

There is lack of support from the state and from the municipalities to the process of effective operation of buildings.Not clear state strategy and state support of thisNo publicity about real projects and real resultsSmall progress of RES and new technologies implementation...

Long term rate of return of investments into the RES. Missing support from energy companies.Missing strong state control of environmental influences...emissions...Only administrative measures, without practical application.... Trend is very slow. Necessary is to build awareness...about energy efficiency... There is no general knowledge about energy certificates of buildings- and their practical consequences

Question No.15 How would you describe your most important training / learning needs regarding sustainability, which cannot be met by current and existing programmes?

We took into account 38 most relevant answers, in the range of the negative - neutral - positive perception.

14% 55% 21%

1 - negatívne vnímanie 2 3 - pozitívne vnímanie

Impact analysis & business case; the financial and commercial side Effective operation of buildings & life cycle optimisation 4Case studies & real results; practical examples 7Implementation of new techniques and technology (digital, sources, materials) in legacy systems 1Renovation or demolition of public / private buildings 1Transfer of knowledge, including regarding regulations and legislation 4BIM 1Design and maintenance of nearZero Energy Buildings (nZEB)

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Awareness & behaviour; providers and users 3Consumer behaviour and guidance 1I don´t know 27

Together 49Results:Statistically important number of respondents declare that they don´t know what to answer. This shows, that there is a real need of education about sustainable development. Most answers are concentrated to practical issues - to prepare and distribute information about the real results of concrete projects - Case studies, about energy effectiveness, effective operation of buildings, new techniques and technology implementation and to build awareness, to influence behaviour of consumers and providers.


How to consider and implement sustainable development principles into the process of operation of buildings.We have to protect interest of our customers...real examples, practical education, implement connection between theoretical and practical educationHow to improve operation of building - with new knowledge, technology, techniques, materials implantation

renovation of old administrative buildings and cost reduction processHow to realise facility and service management with long term perspectiveTo show new ways and tools how to deal with buildings....To adopt legislation - to be more familiar to owners of buildingsLack of time for educational activitiesProposal to realise 5 min. educational films/advertisement in TV during prime-timeI don´t know what does it mean sustainable development

Question No. 16 How would you describe the most important training / learning needs of the real estate sector in general regarding sustainability, which cannot be met by current and existing programmes?

The evaluation was created on the basis of 22 most relevant answers in the range of the negative - neutral - positive perception.

9% 41% 50%

1 - negatívne vnímanie 2 3 - pozitívne vnímanie

Impact analysis & business case; the financial and commercial side 2

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Effective operation of buildings & life cycle optimisation 2Case studies & real results; practical examples 2Implementation of new techniques and technology (digital, sources, materials) in legacy systems 2Renovation or demolition of public / private buildings 1Transfer of knowledge, including regarding regulations and legislation 2BIM 1Design and maintenance of nearZero Energy Buildings (nZEB) Awareness & behaviour; providers and users 3Consumer behaviour and guidance 1I don´t know 30

Together 46Results:Statistically most important number of respondents declare that they don´t know what to answer. This shows, that there is a real need of education about sustainable development and how to implement principles of sustainability to all activities related to sector of buildings and to all relevant sectors. Other answers are relatively comparable - important is to support transfer of knowledge, to build awareness and to realise all related supporting and educational activities.There are untouched areas - BIM, nZEB... - perhaps nobody is taking care of them - because of lack of knowledge.


We are limited by finances - as a facility management companyHow to consider and implement sustainable development principles into the process of operation of buildings

To show: -how to implement RES into the segment - blocks of flats - real results of block of flats renovation processHow to improve operation of building - with new knowledge, technology, techniques, materials implantationHow to make decision - in process of renovation of old administration buildings - real examples of this processEducation in the area of RES implementation into the blocks of flatsTo show new ways and tools how to deal with buildings....To adopt legislation - to be more familiar to owners of buildings

To implement: - necessity of certificates - regular education- tools how to increase interest of companies in education of their employeesTo educate public.I don´t know what does it mean sustainable development

Conclusion:

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The survey was actively attended by respondents who responded to the originally set expectations. They are mostly engineering / technical men with machine engineering/technical education, of whom about 33% are under the age of 20 and the second most numerous group is 46 or older (45.4%). This corresponds also to the number of years of their professional experience.

In this regard, with the analysis of the survey outputs in the Slovak conditions it should be noted that all responses to the questionnaire correspond to the level of respondents' awareness of national strategies, policies, action plans and current market trends. This awareness rate limits the possibility of using the questionnaire as the only source of information for setting up and creating educational activities. The design of educational activities must be compromised from these two perspectives. It is also interesting to compare the survey results in the partner countries of the project as each country is achieving a different level of energy efficiency in buildings and incorporation of inspirational projects/activities and trends into the design of educational activities for Slovakia.

The upstream and downstream education and transfer of information is an integral part of the implementation of strategies, policies and action plans. In view of the above answers to the open questions, it is clear that the field of communication and education on trends and possibilities of using different measures to improve the energy efficiency of buildings in Slovakia is systemically underestimated and absent on the market. At the same time, there is a lack of comprehensive educational activities related to the implementation of sustainable development principles, as well as information on the results of the implementation of specific projects, which, through the case studies and examples, would motivate other actors to implement rationalization measures and key measures to increase the energy efficiency of buildings.

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Documents

seererasmus.files.wordpress.com · Web viewThe realization of the survey was carried out in cooperation between EkoFond and SPP. Since the SEER project is focused on the real estate