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WATER-QUALITY VARIATIONS AND TRENDS IN MONUMENT
AND FOUNTAIN CREEKS, EL PASO AND PUEBLO COUNTIES,
COLORADO, WATER YEARS 1976-88
by Barbara C. Ruddy
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4176
Prepared in cooperation with the
COLORADO SPRINGS DEPARTMENT OF UTILmES
Denver, Colorado 1993
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TI|«E INTERIOR
BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Dallas L. Peck, Director
For additional information write to:
District ChiefU.S. Geological SurveyBox 25046, Mail Stop 415Federal CenterDenver, CO 80225-0046
Copies of this report can be purchased from:
U.S. Geological SurveyBooks and Open-File Reports SectionFederal CenterBox 25425Denver, CO 80225-0425
CONTENTS
PageAbstract 1Introduction ----- - - -- -- - 2
Purpose and scope 2Approach - - - 4
Description of study area-- - - - 5Summary statistics- 6Water-quality variations and trend analysis - - 7
Water-quality variations- 8Water-quality trends-- - - - - 11Time-series trends 13
Summary- - - - - 16References cited- - - - - 19Hydrologic data - 21
FIGURES
Page Figure 1. Map showing location of study area and water-quality
stations-- - -- - -- 32. Example diagram of a box plot- 9
3-8. Box plots showing variations in:3. Instantaneous streamflow 314. Specific conductance - 315. pH 326. Water temperature 327. Concentrations of dissolved oxygen 338. Hardness as calcium carbonate 33
9-28. Box plots showing variations in concentrations of:9. Dissolved calcium- 34
10. Dissolved magnesium - - 3411. Dissolved chloride 3512. Dissolved sulfate 3513. Suspended solids - 3614. Nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen 3615. Total ammonia as nitrogen - -- - - 3716. Un-ionized ammonia as nitrogen 3717. Total ammonia plus organic nitrogen- - - - 3818. Total organic nitrogen as nitrogen 3819. Total phosphorus 3920. Total recoverable copper - -- 3921. Dissolved iron - -- -- 4022. Total recoverable iron - 4023. Total recoverable lead 4124. Dissolved manganese - -- 4125. Total recoverable manganese 4226. Total recoverable nickel - - 4227. Total selenium 4328. Total recoverable zinc 43
29. Box plot showing variations in 5-day biochemical oxygendemand - - - - - - - 44
111
Figures 30-32. Box plots showing variations
34. Instantaneous str
39
40
41
42
43
44.
45
in counts of:30. Total coliform bacteria-31. Fecal coliform bacteria-32. Fecal streptococcus bacteria-
33-55. Graphs showing trend of:33. Fecal streptococcus bacteria at water-quality
station 07103747 Monument Creek at Palmer Lake eamflow at water-quality station
07103780 Monument Creek above North Gate Boulevard at U.S. Air Force Academy
35. Specific conductance at water-quality station 07103780 Monument Creek above North Gate Boulevard at U.S. Air Force Academy
36. pH at water-quality station 07103780 Monument Creek above North Gate Boulevard at U.S. Air Force Academy-
37. Dissolved chloride at waiter-quality station 07103780 Monument Creek above North GateBoulevard at U.
38. Suspended solids Monument Creek U.S. Air Force
S. Air Force Academyat water-quality station 07103780 above North Gate Boulevard at
Colorado Springs46. Nitrite plus nitrate as
Academy -- - Un-ionized ammonia as nitrogen at water-quality
station 07103780 Monument Creek above North GateBoulevard at U.S. Air Force Academy -
Instantaneous streamflow at water-quality station07104000 Monument Creek at Pikeview
Nitrite plus nitrate as ,nitrogen at water-qualitystation 07104000 Monument Creek at Pikeview -
Un-ionized ammonia as nitrogen at water-qualitystation 07104000 Monument Creek at Pikeview
pH at water-quality station 07104905 Monument Creekat Bijou Street at Colorado Springs
Dissolved chlorice at water-quality station07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou Street atColorado Sprinj s- -
Dissolved sulfate at water-quality station07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou Street at
nitrogen at water-qualitystation 07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou Street at Colorado Springs-'
47. Total ammonia plus organic nitrogen at water- quality station 07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou Street at Colorado Springs -
48. Total recoverable copper at water-quality station 07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou Street at Colorado Springs - - - -
Page
444545
55
55
56
56
57
57
58
58
59
59
60
60
61
61
62
62
LV
Page Figures 33-55. Graphs showing trend of: Continued:
49. Total recoverable manganese at water-quality station 07105500 Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs- - --- - - -- 63
50. Total recoverable zinc at water-quality station07105500 Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs 63
51. Fecal coliform bacteria at water-quality station 07105905 Fountain Creek above Little Fountain Creek below Fountain --- --- - -- 64
52. pH at water-quality station 07106500 FountainCreek at Pueblo 64
53. Dissolved oxygen at water-quality station07106500 Fountain Creek at Pueblo 65
54. Nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen at water- quality station 07106500 Fountain Creek at Pueblo 65
55. 5-day biochemical oxygen demand at water-qualitystation 07106500 Fountain Creek at Pueblo 66
TABLES
Page Table 1. Water-quality stations on Monument and Fountain Creeks
used in this study - -- --- -- -- - 52. Tukey's grouping and median values for streamflow and
selected water-quality properties and constituents atselected water-quality stations, water years 1980through 1988 12
3. Summary of significant trends for selected water-qualityproperties and constituents-- - _______ _ 17
4-12. Summary statistics for streamflow and selected water- quality properties and constituents at water-quality station:
4. 07103747 Monument Creek at Palmer Lake 225. 07103780 Monument Creek above North Gate
Boulevard at U.S. Air Force Academy --- - -- 236. 07104000 Monument Creek at Pikeview 247. 07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou Street at
Colorado Springs - - --- - ----- - 258. 07103700 Fountain Creek near Colorado Springs 269. 07105500 Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs 27
10. 07105530 Fountain Creek below Janitell Road belowColorado Springs - - - - -- 28
11. 07105905 Fountain Creek above Little FountainCreek below Fountain - - --- - -- 29
12. 07106500 Fountain Creek at Pueblo 30
Tables 13-21. Trend-analysis results c
1314.
15.16.
17.1819
20
21
properties and constit.uents J'or water-quality station:07103747 Monument Clreek at Palmer Lake 07103780 Monument Creek above North Gate
Boulevard at U.S.
f selected water-quality
Air Force Academy-
Multiplycubic foot per second (ft 3 /s)foot (ft)square mile (mi 2 )
07104000 Monument Clreek at Pikeview- 07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou Street at
Colorado Springs- 07103700 Fountain Creek n<;ar Colorado Springs- 07105500 Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs- 07105530 Fountain Creek below Janitell Road below
Colorado Springs- 07105905 Fountain Creek above Little Fountain
Creek below Fountain - --- -- - 07106500 Fountain (freek at Pueblo
CONVERSION FACTORS AMD RELATED INFORMATION
By
Page
46
4748
495051
52
5354
0. 0. 2.
0283173048589
To obtaincubic meter per secondmetersquare kilometer
Degree Celsius (°C) may be converted to degree Fahrenheit (°F), by using the following formula:
°F = 9/5
The following water-quality termsreport:
colonies per 100 milliliters (/100 mL)5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)degree Celsius (°C)microgram per liter (|Jg/L)microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (|jS/cm)milligram per liter (mg/L)milliliter (mL)
$2.and abbreviations also are used in this
VI
WATER-QUALITY VARIATIONS AND TRENDS IN MONUMENT AND FOUNTAIN CREEKS, EL PASO AND PUEBLO COUNTIES, COLORADO, WATER YEARS 1976-88
By Barbara C. Ruddy
ABSTRACT
Water-quality data were collected at four stations on Monument Creek and five stations on Fountain Creek during water years 1976 through 1988. These data were statistically analyzed to determine variations and trends in water- quality properties and constituents. A qualitative comparison using boxplots of water quality among all stations was done for the period of record. A spatial trend analysis was done to compare the water-quality changes among seven of the nine stations for water years 1980 through 1988. Analysis of time-series trends at each station was done to determine if changes in water- quality conditions occurred during the period of record.
Median values of the water-quality properties and constituents were compared to the appropriate State water-quality standards. Median values of the water-quality properties and constituents were within the State standards except for the following trace-metal concentrations: dissolved manganese at Monument Creek above North Gate Boulevard at U.S. Air Force Academy and Fountain Creek above Little Fountain Creek below Fountain; total recoverable copper at Monument Creek at Pikeview and Monument Creek at Bijou Street at Colorado Springs; and total selenium at Fountain Creek at Pueblo. Occasional violations of the State water-quality standards occurred at all stations.
Generally, median concentrations of most water-quality properties and constituents were larger downstream. Nutrient concentrations, except for nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen, were largest at Fountain Creek below Janitell Road below Colorado Springs, which is downstream from the wastewater- treatment plant at Colorado Springs; the concentrations then were smaller downstream.
Statistical comparisons of median values of selected water-quality properties and constituents for determining trends among seven of the nine stations were made for water years 1980 through 1988. For Monument Creek, the comparisons indicated that median concentrations of most constituents at Monument Creek at Palmer Lake were significantly different from median con centrations of most constituents at Monument Creek at Pikeview and Monument Creek at Bijou Street at Colorado Springs, which are more similar to each other. Median concentrations of most constituents at Fountain Creek near Colorado Springs, upstream from the mouth of Monument Creek, were signifi cantly different from the median concentrations of most constituents at downstream stations on Fountain Creek, with a few exceptions. Median concentrations of most constituents at Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs, downstream from the mouth of Monument Creek, were more similar to median concentrations at Monument Creek at Bijou Street at Colorado Springs than to median concentrations at Fountain Creek near Colorado Springs.
Water quality at Fountain Creek atj Colorado Springs and at Fountain Creek below Janitell Road below Colorado Springs, upstream and downstream from the Colorado Springs Wastewater-Treatment Plant, were compared, property and constituents were not statistically different:ture, nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen,following properties and constituents had statistically significant increasesdownstream: instantaneous streamflow,nitrogen, un-ionized ammonia as nitrogen, total recoverable copper, totalrecoverable zinc, and 5-day biochemical ties and constituents had statistically dissolved oxygen, suspended solids, and
and fecal coliform bacteria. The
oxygen
The following water tempera-
specific conductance, total ammonia as
demand. The following proper-significant decreases downstream: pH, total recoverable iron.
Time-series trends in water quality were investigated at all stations for the period of record; the significant trends varied at each station. All stations on Monument and Fountain Creeks had significant temporal trends of at least one water-quality property or constituent.
INTRODUCTION
1980 s.the!
develop!
Rapid population growth occurred area from the mid-1970's to the mid- accelerated growth did not continue during anticipated. Water resources in this maintaining water quality is a concern, in the Colorado Springs area is likely of Monument and Fountain Creeks, the princi (fig. 1) and which have relatively low changes could cause water quality to uses, such as recreation, aquatic life,
ing
in Colorado Springs and the surrounding Although the projected
late 1980's, future growth isarea are not abundant, and
Development of land and ground waterchanges in the water quality
streams that drain the area during most of the year. Such limiting factor for some stream supply, and agriculture.
become
and to
In 1975, the U.S. Geological Survey Peak Area Council of Governments, began to compile a data base, for use by areawide water-quality-management plan, quality conditions. General water-quality Fountain Creeks, with emphasis on fications, for 1975-83, are reported by of record was not adequate at most detection of water-quality trends was was begun by the USGS in cooperation with the Utilities, to evaluate water-quality extended period of record through 1988.
(USGS), in cooperation with the Pikes a study to monitor water quality and
local agencies in the development of an
relation
sites
Purpose
to causeipal
flowsa
water
characterize surface-water-chalracteristics of Monument and of water quality to stream classi-
Edelmann (1990). Because the period for i^any water-quality constituents,
limited. In 1985, an additional study Colorado Springs Department of
variations and trends based on an
and Scope
This report describes water-quality variations and trends of Monument and Fountain Creeks. Data from nine water-quality record ranging from 5 years (water years 1984-1 1976-88) were used in the analysis. Spatial 30 individual water-quality properties tatively using data from most stations
stations that had periods of 88) to 13 years (water years
variations in streamflow and and constituents were evaluated quali- in a graphical box-plot analysis. In
105°00' DOUGLAS COUNTY i ELBERT COUNTY
39°00
38°30'
PALMER LAKE-MONUMENT WASTEWATER TREATMENT L LANT ^
INGS WASTEWATER REATME NT PLANT Vo
GARDEN VALLEY WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
O Security
Widefield
QUNTY COUNTY
TELLER FREMONT
FORT CARSON-MILITARYRESERVATION
EL PASO COUNTYPUEBLO COUNTY
CUSTER COUNTY
EXPLANATIONWATER-QUALITY
STATION
STREAMFLOW-GAGING STATION
07103747 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STATION NUMBER
^ STREAM SEGMENT DIVISION
Base from U.S. Geological Survey Q State base map 1:500,000,1980 | \\\\\\
10 15 KILOMETERS
Figure 1. Location of study area and water-quality stations.
3
addition, a statistical analysis of spatial trends of streamflow and selected water-quality properties and constituents among seven stations for a similar period of record (water years 1980-88) was performed. Finally, results of a seasonal Kendall test applied to identify trdnds in the time series of stream- flow and each water-quality property and constituent that met specific criteria, for the period of record at each station, are presented,
i|Approach
Data from nine water-quality stations were used in the analysis of water-quality variations and trends (table 1). Streamflow and water-quality properties and constituents evaluated during the study were limited to the following: instantaneous streamflow, specific conductance, pH, water temper ature, dissolved oxygen, hardness as calcium carbonate, dissolved calcium, dissolved magnesium, dissolved chloride, dissolved sulfate, suspended solids, nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen, total ammonia as nitrogen, un-ionized ammonia as nitrogen, total ammonia plus organic nitrogen, total organic nitrogen as nitrogen, total phosphorus, total cadmium, total recoverable copper, dissolved iron, total recoverable iron, total recoverable lead, dissolved manganese, total recoverable manganese, total recoverable nickel, total selenium, total recoverable zinc, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total coliform bacteria, fecal coliform bacteria, and fecal streptococcus bacteria. Although data for instantaneous streamflow, water temperature, and dissolved-oxygen concentrations are included in the analyses, these measure ments are time dependent, and substantial daily variations generally occur. The data are presented for comparative purposes and to provide background information for future uses. Un-ionized ammonia as nitrogen was estimated using the method of Thurston and others reported in Willingham (1976). The method uses water temperature, pH, and ammonia-nitrogen concentration data. Summary statistics were compiled for streamflow and the water-quality proper ties and constituents based on data available for each station. Comparison of streamflow and each water-quality property and constituent was made among stations that had available data. Box plots were used to display the varia bility of data at each station and to qualitatively compare data among stations. Statistical comparisons also were made on the data from stations 07103747 Monument Creek at Palmer Lak^; 07104000 Monument Creek at Pikeview; 07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou Street at Colorado Springs, hereinafter referred to as Monument Creek at Bijou; 07103700 Fountain Creek near Colorado Springs; 07105500 Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs; 07105530 Fountain Creek below Janitell Road below Colorado Springs, hereinafter referred to as Fountain Creek below CSWWTP (Colorado Springs; Wastewater Treatment Plant); and 07105905 Fountain Creek above Little Fountain Creek below Fountain, herein after referred to as Fountain Creek below Fountain, for water years 1980 through 1988 to determine the existencje and significance of trends among the stations. The comparisons were made uping the stations where sufficient data had been collected during a common period of record. Time-series trends in streamflow, water-quality properties, and concentrations of constituents were computed for all stations.
Table 1. Water-quality stations on Monument and Fountain Creepsused in this study
c-4. .u Stream btation ^ TT , . , *. *_ , segment U.S. Geological Survey station name number °, i number x
0710374707103780
0710400007104905 07103700 07105500 07105530
07105905
07106500
67
77 1 2 2
2
2
Monument Creek at Palmer LakeMonument Creek above North Gate Boulevard at
U.S. Air Force Academy Monument Creek at PikeviewMonument Creek at Bijou Street at Colorado Springs Fountain Creek near Colorado Springs Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs Fountain Creek below Janitell Road below
Colorado Springs Fountain Creek above Little Fountain Creek
below FountainFountain Creek at Pueblo
Period of
data collec tion(water year) 2
1977-881984-88
1976-881980-88 1976-88 1976-88 1976-88
1976-88
1976-88
Colorado Department of Health (1989).2Data collected at each site varied during the period of record
DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA
Monument and Fountain Creeks are the two main drainages northwest, west, and south of Colorado Springs (fig. 1). Monument Creek, which originates in the Rampart Range at an elevation of about 9,200 ft, generally flows northeast towards the town of Palmer Lake, where it changes direction and flows south east to Colorado Springs. Monument Creek flows into Fountain Creek within the city limits of Colorado Springs. Fountain Creek, which originates on the slopes of Pikes Peak at an elevation of over 14,000 ft, generally flows south east to Colorado Springs. From Colorado Springs, Fountain Creek continues to flow southeast to Pueblo, where it flows into the Arkansas River. Fountain Creek drains an area of 926 mi2 . The main sources of streamflow in both creeks are snowmelt, runoff from thunderstorms, and return flows from munic ipal, agricultural, and industrial water use. Along Fountain Creek, ground- water discharge also is a source.
Flow in Monument Creek is perennial. Flow from the Palmer Lake-Monument Wastewater Treatment Plant, flow from Cottonwood Creek, and miscellaneous inflows from urban areas are the main sources of flow for Monument Creek. Mean annual streamflow increases downstream and ranges from 7.52 to 28.8 ft 3 /s for the period of record at three continuous streamflow-gaging stations: Monument Creek at Palmer Lake; Monument Creek above North Gate Boulevard at U.S. Air Force Academy, hereinafter referred to as Monument Creek at USAFA; and Monument Creek at Pikeview.
Flow in Fountain Creek is perennial from Colorado Springs to Fountain. In this reach, the strearaflow is augmented by discharge of wastewater effluent from Colorado Springs, Garden Valley, $ecurity, Fort Carson, Widefield, and Fountain (Edelmann and Cain, 1985). The percentage of annual flow contributed by wastewater effluent does not clearly explain the effects of wastewater effluent on the flows in Fountain Creek (Edelmann and Cain, 1985). Short periods of heavy runoff in Fountain Creek contribute a large volume to its annual flow, while flows of wastewater effluent are more constant. Downstream from Fountain, no-flow periods may occur during the summer because of agricul tural diversions. Most of the land use between Colorado Springs and Pueblo is agricultural. Mean annual streamflow increases downstream and ranges from 14.6 to 72.1 ft 3/s for the period of record at three continuous streamflow- gaging stations: Fountain Creek near Colorado Springs, Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs, and Fountain Creek at Pueblo.
SUMMARY STATISTICS
For the nine stations where water-equality data were collected for this study, seven statistical parameters that define the distribution of the data were determined for streamflow and all water-cuality properties and constitu ents that had a sufficient number of values. These parameters were the mean, standard deviation, minimum, lower quartile (25th percentile), median (50th percentile), upper quartile (75th percentile), and maximum. The criteria for a sufficient number of values were defined as follows: (1) At least 10 values equal to or exceeding the detection lirait, and (2) no more than 75 percent of the values less than the detection limit (censored values). If either cri terion was not satisfied, only the minimum and maximum values were reported to indicate the range of measured values. j
Because the data for many properties and (less-than) values (because of improvement inresulting in a lowering of the detection limits), the methods used to computethe summary statistics were selected based on
constituents included censored analytical methods over time,
their accuracy for estimatingspecific distributional parameters for data sets containing censored values. Gilliom and Helsel (1986) determined that the log probability regression was the best method to estimate the mean and standard deviation of such data setsand that a lognormal maximum-likelihoocmedian and quartile values. The software used in this study to compute the summary statistics incorporated these two methods, modified to accept data sets that had more than one detection limit (censored values) (Helsel and Cohn, 1988).
Summary statistics for the data compiledstudy are listed in tables 4 through 12
method was best for estimating the
in thefor the nine stations in this "Hydrologic Data" section at
the back of ttie report. Also included in the tables are the applicable State water-quality standards that were in effect in 1989 (Colorado Department of Health, 1989). The standards vary in different stream segments. The standards are maximum allowable concentrations, except for the pH standard, which is an allowable range, and the dissolved-oxygen standard, which is a minimum allow able concentration. Where two values are listed for the dissolved-oxygen standard, the larger value applies during periods of spawning of cold-water fish. The standards for most trace metals were based on total recoverable concentration except for iron and manganese, which have standards for dis solved and total recoverable concentrations.
Exceedances of the State water-quality standards can be observed in the summaries listed in tables 4 through 12. Median pH values at all stations were always within the water-quality-standard allowance range. The maximum water-quality standard for pH was exceeded once at station 07103780 Monument Creek at USAFA (table 5) in August 1985 and once at station 07105530 Fountain Creek below CSWWTP (table 10) in September 1984.
Median dissolved-oxygen concentrations always exceeded the water-quality standard. At station 07105905 Fountain Creek below Fountain (table 11) in July 1988 and at station 07106500 Fountain Creek at Pueblo (table 12) in August 1981, the dissolved-oxygen concentrations did not meet the water- quality standard. At station 07103700 Fountain Creek near Colorado Springs (table 8) in August 1980, the dissolved-oxygen concentrations did not meet the standard for spawning of cold-water fish.
At station 07106500 Fountain Creek at Pueblo (table 12), the standard for nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen was exceeded once in July 1982. Median con centrations of total phosphorus were larger than 0.1 mg/L except at station 07103747 Monument Creek at Palmer Lake (table 4) and 07103700 Fountain Creek near Colorado Springs (table 8). Data for total phosphorus were not collected at station 07103780 Monument Creek at USAFA. For the stations with median values larger than 0.1 mg/L, the median concentrations ranged from 0.16 mg/L at station 07104000 Monument Creek at Pikeview (table 6) to 4.4 mg/L at station 07105530 Fountain Creek below CSWWTP (table 10). There is no State water-quality standard or Federal criterion for phosphorus; however, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1986) has stated that in order to prevent nuisance algal growth associated with accelerated eutrophication, total phosphorus concentrations should not exceed 0.1 mg/L in streams. This con centration is associated with eutrophication-related water-quality problems in reservoirs. Currently (1988), there are off-stream but no on-stream reservoirs on these two creeks.
Median trace-metal concentrations were less than the State standards at all the stations except the following: stations 07103780 Monument Creek at USAFA (table 5) and 07105905 Fountain Creek below Fountain (table 11), dis solved manganese; stations 07104000 Monument Creek at Pikeview (table 6) and 07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou (table 7), total recoverable copper; and station 07106500 Fountain Creek at Pueblo (table 12), total selenium. The State water-quality standard for fecal coliform was exceeded at least once at each station except stations 07103747 Monument Creek at Palmer Lake (table 4) and 07103780 Monument Creek at USAFA (table 5).
WATER-QUALITY VARIATIONS AND TREND ANALYSIS
Variations and trends in water-quality properties and constituents were investigated during this study. Water-quality variations among stations were evaluated qualitatively using box plots. Variability of water-quality data at each station and among stations was compared for the period of record. Because the period of record is not the same for all stations, the statistical determination of water-quality trends among seven of the nine stations was done for a common period of record: water years 1980 through 1988. Time- series trends at all nine stations were determined for the period of record.
Water-quality variations and trends are affected by the water uses inthe basin. Wastewater-treatment plants Springs affect the water quality in the
from station 07104000 Monument Creek at
downstream from Monument and Colorado two creeks (Edelmann and Cain, 1985).
Urbanization has increased throughout the northern part of the basin. Cotton- wood Creek flows through a developing urban area into Monument Creek upstream
Pikevlew. Cottonwood Creek contributes large volumes of suspended sediment to Monument Creek (von Guerard, 1989) and has a larger specific conductance than Monument Creek. Downstream from station 07104905 Monument Creek at Bijdu, more: storm drains in Colorado Springs flow into Monument Creek. The area along Fountain Creek between Colorado Springs and Fountain generally is more urbanized than the area along Fountain Creek between Fountain and Pueblo, which generally is agricultural. Water use and reuse and tributary ground-water inflows downstream from station 07105530 Fountain Creek below CSWWTP probably cause the increased concentra tions in many constituents (Cain and Edelmann, 1986). Jimmy Camp Creek, a tributary that has large specific-conductance values, flows into Fountain Creek between stations 07105530 Fountain Creek below CSWWTP and 07105905 Fountain Creek below Fountain.
Water-QualiUy Variations
Comparisons of water-quality properties and constituents were made among stations. Box plots were constructed to graphically display the constituent variability at each station and to qualitatively compare data among stations. Only qualitative comparisons and not trend analysis can be made because the number of values and period of record Were different at each station. Box plots are useful because variability bcttween data sets and unusual values can
following information (fig. 2). Theeasily be seen. Box plots contain the horizontal line and diamond inside the cent of the data are greater than this less than this value). The lower line lower quartile (25 percent of the data line of the box is the 75th percentile
construct the box plot. The period ofnumber of data values. The number of data vajLues and the period of record are important and need to be considered by the reader before conclusions are made about reasons for differences in water quality among stations.
basedGenerally, concentrations of most
constituents were larger downstream, figures 3 through 32 in the "Hydrologie Data"are not included because it is the only constituent that for all stations either had more than 75 percent of the or most of the summary statistics were Helsel and Conn (1988).
box represent the median value (50 per- value and 50 percent of the data areof the box is the 25th percentile orare less than this value). The upper or upper quartile (75 percent of the
data are less than this value). The interquartile range (IQR) contains the values between the 25th and 75th percentile and is the difference between the 25th and 75th percentile. The bottom of the vertical line on the box plot is the smallest value within 1.5 times the IQR of the box. The top of the vertical line is the largest value within 1.5itimes the IQR of the box. Outside values, shown as D , are greater than 1.5 times the IQR from the box. The far out values, shown as o, are greater than 3 times the IQR from the box The number at the top of the box plot :Ls the number of data values used to
recordL in years, is listed above the
of the water-quality properties and on comparison of the box plots in
values
section. Box plots for cadmium
less than the detection limit,estimated using methods described by
1977-88 209-
EXPLANATION
Period of record
^^~^ Number of values
Far out value (greater than 3 times IQR from the box)
Outside value (greater than 1.5 times IQR from the box)
O3c03
cr
I
Largest value within 1.5 times IQR of the box
75th percentile (upper quartile)
Median
25th percentile (lower quartile)
Smallest value within 1.5 times IQR of the box
Figure 2. Example diagram of a box plot.
Median values of instantaneous streamflow (fig. 3) were larger down stream on Monument Creek, and were larger downstream on Fountain Creek to Fountain Creek below CSWWTP. Streamflow was smaller at downstream stations on Fountain Creek because of irrigation withdrawals in this reach (Edelmann and Cain, 1985).
Median values of specific conductance (fig. 4) and median concentrations of dissolved chloride (fig. 11) and dissolved sulfate (fig. 12) were larger downstream on both creeks probably because of increasing urbanization, which increased wastewater effluent and urban runoff along Monument Creek (Edelmann, 1990, p. 15) and ground-water inflow and irrigation-return flow along Fountain Creek (Cain and Edelmann, 1986, p. 8). Median pH values (fig. 5) were smaller at station 07105530 Fountain Creek below CSWWTP. Median values of temperature (fig. 6) generally were higher downstream, and median dissolved-oxygen concen trations (fig. 7) generally were smaller downstream because of warmer stream temperatures. Median dissolved-oxygen concentrations were smaller downstream from the wastewater-treatment plant at Colorado Springs probably because of the smaller dissolved-oxygen concentrations in the effluent.
Median values of hardness, as calctium carbonate (fig. 8), and median concentrations of dissolved calcium (fig. 9), dissolved magnesium (fig. 10), and suspended solids (fig. 13) were latger downstream except at station 07105530 Fountain Creek below CSWWTP. Larger median concentations occurred downstream on Monument Creek probably because of wastewater effluent, tribu tary inflow from basins that drain sedimentary formations and erosive soils, and urbanization (Edelmann 1990). Larger median concentrations occurred down stream on Fountain Creek because of inflow from Monument Creek. The median concentrations are smaller at station 07105530 Fountain Creek below CSWWTP because of dilution, but the resulting streamflow increase from the effluent re-suspends sediments in the stream channel (Edelmann, 1990).
Median nutrient concentrations (figs. 14-19), except for nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen, were largest at station 07105530 Fountain Creek below CSWWTP downstream from the wastewater-treatment plant at Colorado Springs because of the large volume of discharge from the wastewater-treatment plant (Kuhn, 1991). Median concentrations of. nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen (fig. 14) were larger downstream except at station 07105530 Fountain Creek below CSWWTP. The smaller concentration probably was due to the CSWWTP effluent containing small concentrations of n:Ltrite plus nitrate as nitrogen, which resulted in dilution. Larger concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate downstream probably result primarily from nitrification of ammonia.
Median concentrations of most trace elements are larger downstream, probably because of water reuse. Median concentrations of total recoverable copper (fig. 20) and total recoverable zinc (fig. 28) were larger downstream except at station 07105905 Fountain Creek below Fountain. Median concentra tions of total recoverable lead (fig. 23) were larger downstream except at station 07103780 Monument Creek at USAfA and at station 07105905 Fountain Creek below Fountain. Median concentrations of dissolved iron (fig. 21) were smaller downstream and concentrations of total recoverable iron (fig. 22) were larger downstream except at station 0710!>530 Fountain Creek below CSWWTP and then were larger again at station 07105901) Fountain Creek below Fountain. Median concentrations of dissolved manganese [fig. 24) were smaller downstream in Monument Creek except at station 07103780 Honument Creek at USAFA. Median concentrations of dissolved manganese (fig- 24) were larger downstream in Fountain Creek except at station 07106500 Fountain Creek at Pueblo. Median concentrations of total recoverable manganese (fig. 25) were larger downstreamin both streams except at stations 071 07106500 Fountain Creek at Pueblo. Me
)5530 Fountain Creek below CSWWTP and lian concentrations of total recoverable
nickel (fig. 26) were larger downstrean excep: at station 07105905 FountainCreek below Fountain and then were lar; Creek at Pueblo. Median concentrationsubstantially larger downstream from station )7105905 Fountain Creek below Fountain, possibly because of selenife::ous be Is in the shale bedrock (Cain and Edelmann, 1986).
Values of median 5-day biochemica Creek were largest at station 07103780 downstream from the Palmer Lake Monument larger downstream on Fountain Creek ex :ept at Pueblo. Median bacterial counts (f stream in Monument Creek. Median coun
again at station 07106500 Fountain of total selenium (fig. 27) were
wast at
gs. 30 s of f
L oxygen demand (fig. 29) on Monument Monument Creek at USAFA, which is
ewater-treatment plant and were station 07106500 Fountain Creek -32) generally were larger down- seal coliform bacteria (fig. 31)
10
were larger downstream to station 07105530 Fountain Creek below CSWWTP and then were smaller. Median counts of fecal streptococcus bacteria (fig. 32) were larger downstream except at station 07105905 Fountain Creek below Fountain and then were slightly larger at station 07105600 Fountain Creek at Pueblo.
Water-Quality Trends
Quantitative comparisons of median values of selected water-quality properties and concentrations of constituents were made among seven of the stations for water years 1980 through 1988. The stations analyzed were divided into two groups; the first group included three stations on Monument Creek: 07103747 Monument Creek at Palmer Lake, 07104000 Monument Creek at Pikeview, and 07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou. The second group included the most downstream station on Monument Creek, 07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou, and four stations on Fountain Creek: 07103700 Fountain Creek near Colorado Springs, 07105500 Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs, 07105530 Fountain Creek below CSWWTP, and 07105905 Fountain Creek below Fountain. Station 07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou was included in the second group of stations on Fountain Creek in order to compare the water-quality properties and concen trations of constituents of Monument Creek to the water-quality properties and concentrations of constituents of Fountain Creek because generally more than 50 percent of the streamflow in Fountain Creek is from Monument Creek (Doug Cain, U.S. Geological Survey, oral commun., 1990). Stations 07103780 Monument Creek at USAFA and 07106500 Fountain Creek at Pueblo were not included in the analysis because of insufficient data.
The comparisons were made using Tukey's studentized range test (SAS Institute Inc., 1985). Tukey's test was used to compare the median value of a water-quality property or constituent for all stations in a group. An alpha level of 0.05 was used to determine whether the median values were signifi cantly different. The results are presented in table 2. Stations with the same letter or number are not significantly different. A, B, and C are used for the first group of stations; 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are used for the second group of stations. The lower the letter in the alphabet or the smaller the number, the smaller the median value. For example, the median water tempera ture at station 07104000 Monument Creek at Pikeview is not significantly different from the median water temperatures at stations 07103747 Monument Creek at Palmer Lake or 07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou, but the median water temperatures at 07103747 and 07104905 are significantly different from each other. The median values listed in this table may be different from the median values listed in tables 4 and 6-11 because of the period of record used.
Results of Tukey's test generally indicate that for Monument Creek, the median concentration of most constituents at station 07103747 Monument Creek at Palmer Lake is significantly different from stations 07104000 Monument Creek at Pikeview and 07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou, which are more similar to each other. The median concentration of most constituents at station 07103700 Fountain Creek near Colorado Springs, upstream from the mouth of Monument Creek, is significantly different from the median concentration of most constitiuents at downstream stations on Fountain Creek except for pH at station 07105500 Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs and for fecal coliform at
11
Tabl
e 2. Tukey's
grouping and me
dian
values for
stre
am flow
and
selected water-quality pro
pert
ies
and
constituents at
sele
cted
wat
er-q
uali
ty stations,
water years 19
80 th
roug
h 19
88
[071
0374
7 Monument Cr
eek
at Palmer La
ke;
07104000 Monument Creek
at Pikeview;
07104905 Mo
nume
nt Creek
at Bijou
Street at
Colorado Sp
ring
s; 07103700
Fountain Creek
near Colorado Springs; 07105500 Fo
unta
in Creek
at Colorado Sp
ring
s; 07105530 Fo
unta
in Creek below J
anitell
Road below Colorado Sp
ring
s;
07105905 Fo
unta
in Creek
above
Litt
le Fo
unta
in Creek below F
ount
ain;
ft
3/s, cubic
feet
per
seco
nd;
uS/c
m, microsiemens per
cent
imet
er at
25 degrees
Cels
ius;
°C,
degr
ee Ce
lsiu
s; mg
/L,
milligrams per
lite
r; Mg
/L,
micrograms per
lite
r; /l
OOmL
, colonies per
100
mill
ilit
ers]
Monu
ment
Creek
Fountain Creek
Property or
constituent
Units
Station
0710
3747
Station
07104000
Station
07104905
Station
07103700
Stat
ion
07105500
Station
07105530
Station
07105905
Tuke
y's
grouping
.. ,.
Tukey
s ..
..
Tukey s
u ..
Tukey s
u ..
Tukey
s u
..
Tukey s
u ..
Tu
key
s ..
..Median
. Me
dian
.
Medi
an
. Median
. Me
dian
.
Medi
an
. Me
dian
grouping
grouping
grou
ping
grouping
grouping
grouping
Inst
anta
neou
sstreamflow
Specific co
ndu
ctan
cepH Wa
ter
temperature
Dissolved
oxygen
Suspended
soli
dsNi
trit
e plus
nitr
ate
asni
trog
enTotal
ammo
nia
as nitrogen
Un- io
nize
d am
mnni
ias ni
trog
enTo
tal
recoverable
copp
erTo
tal
recoverable
iron
Tota
l recoverable
zinc
5-day
biochemical
oxygen dem
and
Fecal
coliform
bacteria
ft3/
s
MS/cm
stan
dard
°C
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
i ag
/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
mg/L
/lOO
mL
*A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
3.1
160 7.
958.
0
9.9
7 2.1 .0
2
.000
01
3
575 20
.7
5
B B A A.B A B .B B B B B B B B
23 345 7.
9511 9.
015
6 1.4 .13
.001
4
8
4,40
0 40 2.55
58
B.2
C,2
A,l
B,2
A, 2, 3
C,4
C,3
B,2
B,2
C,3
C,4
B B,2
B.1,
2
25 480 8.
113 8.
9528
2 1.8 .07
.0018
11
6,800 50 2.
7
175
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
13
290 7.
97.
5
10.2
22.8 .0
35
.000
5
4.5
905 91
1.0
90
3 2 1 2 2 3 2,3 2 2 2 3,4 2 2 1,2
40 514 8.
013
.5 9.15
162 1.
6 .07
.001
10
4,55
0
193 2.
4
180
5 3 2 2 3,4 2 2 4 4 3 2 3 3 2
93 730 7.
613 8.
4841.3
7.45 .06
15.5
2,15
0
275 14
375
4 4 3 2 4 2,3 4 3 3 3 3
2 -
3 1,2
82
1,05
0 7.8
14 8.0
110 3.
7
1.2 .012
13
3,400
209 15 150
1Median
valu
es at
st
atio
ns with the
same
le
tter
or nu
mb'e
r groups;
group
one:
07103747,
07104000,
and
0710
4905
; group
2:
2The median
value is
0.
1, the
detection
limit.
are
not
sign
ific
antl
y di
ffer
ent
at the
alph
a =
0.05
level.
Tuke
y's
test
was
run
on two
stat
ion
07104905,
0710
3700
, 07
1055
00,
0710
5530
, and
07105905.
stations 07105500 Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs and 07105905 Fountain Creek below Fountain. The median concentration of most constituents at station 07105500 Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs, downstream from the mouth of Monument Creek, is more similar to the median concentration of most constituents at station 07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou than to the median concentration of most constituents at station 07103700 Fountain Creek near Colorado Springs, indicating that the water quality of Monument Creek has a large effect on the water quality of Fountain Creek.
To determine the effect of the Colorado Springs Wastewater-Treatment Plant on the water quality of Fountain Creek, station 07105500 Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs, upstream from the wastewater-treatment plant, and station 07105530 Fountain Creek below CSWWTP were compared. Tukey's test results indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the water quality between the two stations for the following property and constituents: water temperature, nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen, and fecal coliform bacteria. The following properties and constituents had statisti cally significant increases downstream: instantaneous streamflow, specific conductance, total ammonia as nitrogen, un-ionized ammonia as nitrogen, total recoverable copper, total recoverable zinc, and 5-day BOD. The following properties and constituents had statistically significant decreases down stream: pH, dissolved oxygen, suspended solids, and total recoverable iron.
Time-Series Trends
Time-series trends at each station were analyzed to determine if changes in the values of water-quality properties and concentrations of constituents had occurred over time. Factors such as land use, water use, and climate in the basin can affect water quality. Detection of temporal trends in water quality can indicate changes in the factors that affect water quality.
Trend analysis of time-series data for water-quality properties and constituents is complicated by several common characteristics of the data: nonnormality, seasonality, serial dependence, and censoring. Nonnormal data cannot be described by a symmetrical, unimodal, bell-shaped distribution. Seasonal data have a natural sequential order over time and vary, depending on the time of year. Water-quality data often are serially dependent; the constituent concentration at one point in time is dependent upon and related to prior data. Censored data contain less-than values due to the detection limits of the analytical methods.
The seasonal Kendall test, which was used in this study to detect temporal trends in water quality, is based on methods developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (Hirsch and Slack, 1984). The seasonal Kendall test is a statistical technique unaffected by the problem characteristics described above (Hirsch and others, 1982; Hirsch and Slack, 1984). This technique is used to identify statistically significant monotonic changes (only increasing or only decreasing trends) in data over time. The technique also provides an estimate of the magnitude and direction of the change, which can be used to calculate the percent change in the median constituent concentration for the period of record. The seasonal Kendall test is a nonparametric statistical technique; the test statistic is determined by using ranks of the data rather than the actual data. Nonnormality of the data set and censored values are
13
not problems in a nonparametric approach, because they do not affect the rank of the data. Trends are evaluated separately for each specified season (months were used in this study), and results are combined into a single test statistic (tau). The significance level (p-value) of tau then is adjusted to account for serial correlation. i
In addition to testing the original data, [the seasonal Kendall test can be used to identify trends in the time series of flow-adjusted concentrations. Flow adjustment would be used to eliminate the effect of correlation between streamflow and values of water-quality properties and constituent concen trations. This adjustment would decrease the possibility of erroneously concluding that the concentrations of a particular constituent have increased or decreased as a result of some change in land or water use in the basin when the change in concentration is a result of a change in flow conditions during the period of record. For this study, iflow adjustments were not made to the concentration data because the changes In streamflow and the water-quality properties and constituents have probably resulted, at least in part, from human activity in the basin (for example, increases in discharge of waste- water effluent and urban runoff). Flow adjustment should not be used where human activity has altered the probability distribution of streamflow (Hirsch and others, 1991). Flow adjustments could erroneously remove the changes in values of water-quality properties and concentrations of constituents. Flow adjustment is not appropriate when the >urpose of the study is to assess the effect of trends on the suitability of water for use by humans or aquatic organisms rather than to investigate the cause of the trend (Hirsch and others, 1991).
The seasonal Kendall test was applied series of each water-quality property this study, the seasonal division was d quality sampling usually was done monthly summarized in tables 13 through 21 in back of the report. The properties or tables only if the data had the following
to identify trends in the time constituent at each station. For
efined to be monthly because the water- Results of the trend analyses are
"Hydrologic Data" section at the constituents were included in these
characteristics:
acid
the
At least 3 years of record.At least 20 values were larger than or equal to the detection limit
at stations 07104000 Monument Creek at Pikeview, 07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou, 07105500 Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs, and 07106500 Fountain Creek at Pueblo; or at least 30 values werelarger than or equal to the detection limit at stations 07103747Monument Creek at Palmer Lake, 07103780 Monument Creek at USAFA,07103700 Fountain Creek nearCreek below CSWWTP, and 07105905 Fountain Creek below Fountain.
3. No more than 10 percent of the limit (censored values).
Several significance levels are r level of the trend test is the maximum a trend that does not actually exist, serial correlation is reported for all 10 years or longer, the significance also is reported. Generally, the a
Colorado Springs, 07105530 Fountain
values were less than the detection
eported in the tables. The significance probability of erroneously identifying The significance level unadjusted for trends. If the period of record is
level adjusted for serial correlation djusted significance level will be larger;
14
the trend is less significant because there is less information in serially correlated data. The difference between the unadjusted and adjusted signifi cance levels increases as the strength of the serial correlation increases.
The trend slope listed in tables 13 through 21 is the seasonal Kendall slope estimator, as defined by Hirsch and others (1982). A negative trend slope indicates a decrease in the property or concentration of the constituent with time; a positive trend slope indicates an increase in the property or concentration of the constituent with time. The seasonal Kendall slope estimator, the trend slope, is the median of all possible differences in the time-series data within the same month and provides an estimate of the median annual change in the data.
In instances where the distribution of the data was highly skewed (the data distribution is asymmetrical; the mean is different from the median), a trend is unlikely to be linear; therefore, the trend-slope estimator computed from actual data values is not appropriate. Transforming the data to logarithms will linearize the trend if the annual changes are proportional to each other. The significance of the trend, which is based on the ranks of the data, is not affected by this transformation. Most of the trend analyses in this study were made on the actual data values; however, the logarithms of the number of colonies per 100 ml was used for trend analyses of all bacterial data. The trend slope for the bacterial data in tables 13 through 21 is the multiplicative change in median value each year because of the logarithm conversion. The change is not constant with time but increases or decreases with time. The change in median has been detransformed and is the overall change as a percentage of the estimated median for the first year of record in the original data units.
Significant trend slopes are identified in tables 13 through 21 by using the following criteria:
1. Moderately significant (*), if the significance level is less than or equal to 0.1 and greater than 0.05.
2. Significant (**), if the significance level is less than or equal to 0.05 and greater than 0.01.
3. Very significant (***), if the significance level is less than or equal to 0.01.
If the significance level (p-value) is greater than 0.1, there is a greater than 10-percent chance that there is no real trend. Selection of the signifi cance level used in the above identification, if more than one significance level was reported for a property or constituent, was based on the order: (1) Significance level adjusted for serial correlation; and (2) unadjusted significance level, if there was no adjusted significance level reported.
For example, in table 13, the trend slope for water temperature is not significant. In table 13, the trend slope for pH was determined to be significant because the adjusted significance level (greater than 10 years of record) 0.0497 is less than or equal to 0.05 and greater than 0.01. Also in table 13, the trend slope for fecal streptococcus is very significant because the unadjusted significance level is 0.0100.
15
A summary of significant trends for all stations is listed in table 3. Several general observations about trends in the study area can be made from the results in this table. Instantaneous streamflow had positive trends except at station 07103780 Monument Creek at USAFA. Streamflow may have sub stantial daily variation but the instantaneous streamflows at time of sampling were characteristic of the mean daily streamflows (Edelmann, 1990). The frequency curves of the instantaneous measured streamflows from 1975 through 1983 were nearly identical to the mean daily streamflow-duration curves except for the extremely large and small streamflows. Specific conductance had variable trends. Stations 07103780 Monument Creek at USAFA and 07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou had positive trends, whereas stations 07103747 Monument Creek at Palmer Lake, 07103700 Fountain Creek near Colorado Springs, 07105500 Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs, 07105905 Fountain Creek below Fountain, and 07106500 Fountain Creek at Pueblo had negative trends. pH and concentrations of dissolved sulfate, nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen, and un-ionized ammonia as nitrogen had positive trends at stations that had a significant trend. Concentrations of total ammonia as nitrogen, total ammoniaplus organic nitrogen, total recoverable copper, dissolved manganese, andtotal recoverable nickel had negative trends at stations that had a signifi cant trend. The other metals had variable trends at stations that had a significant trend. Concentrations of 5-day BOD had positive trends at two ofthree upstream stations on Monument Creek and downstream stations. Fecal coliform and fecal trends at all stations that had a significantat station 07105530 Fountain Creek below CSWWTP, which had a positive trend.
The trends considered to be very significant are plotted in figures 33 through 55 in the "Hydrologic Data" section. The trend plots include the data, the smooth line, and the trend line. The smooth line, or lowess curve,is an estimate of the weighted moving averageconstituent with time (Chambers and others, 1983). The trend line describes the linear change in the water-quality jroperty or constituent for the periodof record. Because of the variability
negative trends at some of thestreptococcus had negative
trend except for fecal coliform
in thetrend line help show the trend in the data. Kany of the plotted trends are probably related to changes in pH and increases in wastewater discharge from treatment plants.
of the water-quality property or
data, the smooth line and the
SUMMARY
Water-quality data were collected five stations on Fountain Creek during data were used to determine variations and constituents. A comparison of water qualitatively using box plots. Only because the number of data values and station. Water-quality trends for Monument Creek at Pikeview, Monument Creek at Bijou Fountain Creek near Colorado Springs, Fountain Creek below Janitell Road below above Little Fountain Creek below Fountain also were evaluated. Time-series trends determine if changes in water-quality record at each station.
at four stations on Monument Creek and water years 1976 through 1988. These and trends in water-quality properties
quality among all stations was made qualitative comparisons could be made period of record were different for each
Creek at Palmer Lake, Monument Street at Colorado Springs,
Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs,Colorado Springs, and Fountain Creek
, for water years 1980 through 1988, at each station were done to
conditions occurred during the period of
16
Tabl
e 3. Summary o
f si
gnif
ican
t trends for
sele
cted
water-quality properties
and
cons
titu
ents
[071
0374
7 Monument Cr
eek
at Pa
lmer
Lake;
07103780 Mo
nume
nt Cr
eek
abov
e North
Gate
Bo
ulevard
at U.S. Air
Force
Academy;
0710
4000 Monument Cr
eek
at Pikeview
; 07104905 Monument Cr
eek
at Bijou
Stre
et at Colo
rado Springs; 07103700 Fountain
Creek
near
Co
lora
do Sp
ring
s; 07
105500 Fo
unta
in Creek
at Co
lora
do Springs; 07
1055
30 Fo
unta
in Creek
below
Janitell Road
belo
w Co
lora
do Springs; 07105905 Fountain Creek
above
Litt
le Fo
unta
in Cr
eek
below
Fountain;
07106500 Fo
unta
in Cr
eek
at
Pueb
lo;
(+),
significant
positive trend; (-
), si
gnif
ican
t negative trend; *, mo
dera
tely
si
gnif
ican
t trend, the
significance
leve
l is le
ss th
an or
equal
to 0.1
and
greater
than
0.
05;
**,
sign
ific
ant
trend, th
e si
gnif
ican
ce level
is less th
an or
equal
to 0.
05 and
greater
than 0.01
; **
*, ve
ry si
gnif
ican
t trend, the
sign
ific
ance
level
is le
ss than or
eq
ual
to 0.
01;
o, trend
not
significant; , insu
ffic
ient
data]
Prop
erty or
constituent
Instantaneous
streamflow
Specific conductance
PH Wate
r te
mper
atur
eDi
ssol
ved
oxygen
Hardness as calcium
carbonate
Dissolved
calcium
Diss
olve
d magnesium
Diss
olve
d ch
lori
deDi
ssol
ved
sulf
ate
Susp
ende
d solids
Nitr
ite
plus
nitrate
as nitrogen
Total
ammonia
as ni
trog
enUn- io
nize
d ammonia
as nitrogen
Tota
l ammo
nia
plus or
gani
c nitrogen
Tota
l orga
nic
nitrogen as nitrogen
Tota
l ph
osphorus
Total
reco
vera
ble
copper
Diss
olve
d iron
Total
reco
verable
iron
Tota
l re
coverable
lead
Dissolved
mang
anes
eTotal
reco
verable
manganese
Tota
l re
cove
rabl
e nickel
Tota
l seleni
um
Tota
l re
coverable
zinc
5-day
biochemical
oxygen demand
Fecal
coli
form
Fecal
stre
ptococcus
Sign
ific
ant
tren
ds by st
atio
n
07103747
(+),
*(-),**
(+),** o o o o o o o o o o o o
(-),
***
07103780
(-),
***
(+),***
(+),***
(+),*
(-),*
(+
),**
*(+),**
(-),***
(+),**
0(+
),**
*o
(+),** o o
(-),** o o --
(+),* o o
0710
4000
(+),
***
0(+),** o o 0 o
(+),**
(+),
***
(+),
***
o o o 0 (+),** -- (+),* o o o
(+),* (-),*
07104905
(+),**
(+),
*(+
),**
*o o (+),**
*(+
),**
*o
(+),
***
(+),**
(-),
***
(-),** 0
(-),**
* o o o o o o
(-),** o o
0710
3700
(+),**
(-),* o
(-),*
(+),* o o o o o
(-),* o o
(-),* o o -- o o (-),* o
(-),** o
07105500
(+),**
(-),
**(+),** o o ~ o 0 o o o
(-),** o o
(-),** -- o -- (-),*
(-),
***
o o
(-),**
*(-)
,** o(-)
,**
07105530
(+),
*0
(-O,** o o o o o
(-),* o o 0
(+),** o
(-),* o o o o o
(-),*
(-),
** o
(-),** o
(+),* o
0710
5905
00,**
(-),**
(+),
* o o o o o(+)
,**(-)
,* o(-)
,* o o o o o(-)
,* o o 0(-)
,***
(-),*
07106500
(+),**
(-),**
(+),
***
0(+
),**
* (-),
**(+
),**
*o
(+),*
(-),* o o o o (+),* o o
(+),*
(-),
***
o o
Median values of the water-quality properties and constituents were compared to the appropriate State water-quality standards. Median values of the water-quality properties and constituents were within the State standards except for the following trace-metal concentrations: dissolved manganese at Monument Creek above North Gate Boulevard at U.S. Air Force Academy and Fountain Creek above Little Fountain Creek below Fountain; total recoverable copper at Monument Creek at Pikeview and Monument Creek at Bijou Street at Colorado Springs; and total selenium at Fountain Creek at Pueblo. Occasional violations of the State water-quality standards occurred at all stations.
Generally, concentrations of most water-quality properties and constitu ents were larger downstream. Nutrient concentrations, except for nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen, were largest fit Fountain Creek below Janitell Road below Colorado Springs, which is downstream from the wastewater-treatment plant at Colorado Springs; the concentrations then were smaller downstream.
Statistical comparisons of median values pf selected water-quality properties and constituents for determining spatial trends were made among seven of the nine stations for water years 1980 through 1988. For Monument Creek, the comparisons indicated that tie median concentrations of most constituents at Monument Creek at Palme r Lake were significantly different from the median concentrations at Monument Creek at Pikeview and Monument Creek at Bijou Street at Colorado Springs, which are more similar to each other. The median concentrations of rnout constituents at Fountain Creek near Colorado Springs, upstream from the mouth of Monument Creek, were signifi cantly different from the median concentrations of most constituents at downstream stations on Fountain Creek, except for a few constituents. The median concentrations of most constituents at Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs, downstream from the mouth of Monument Creek, were more similar to the median concentrations of most constituents at Monument Creek at Bijou Street at Colorado Springs than to the median concentrations of most constituents at Fountain Creek near Colorado Springs; tie water quality of Monument Creek has a large effect on the water quality of 7ountai:i Creek.
Water quality at Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs and Fountain Creekbelow Janitell Road below Colorado Springs, upstream and downstream from the Colorado Springs Wastewater-Treatment Plant, were compared. The following property and constituents were not statistically different: water tempera ture, nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen, and fecal coliform bacteria. The following properties and constituents had statistically significant increasesdownstream: instantaneous streamflow, ispecifinitrogen, un-ionized ammonia as nitrogen, total recoverable copper, totalrecoverable zinc, and 5-day biochemical ties and constituents had statistically dissolved oxygen, suspended solids, and
c conductance, total ammonia as
oxygen
total
demand. The following proper-significant decreases downstream: pH,
recoverable iron.
Time-series trends in water quality were investigated at all stations for the period of record. The significant trends varied at each station. All stations except Monument Creek above North Gate Boulevard at U.S. Air Force Academy had positive trends in instantaneous streamflow. pH, and concentra tions of dissolved sulfate, nitrite pluis nitrate as nitrogen, and un-ionizedammonia as nitrogen had positive trends trend. Concentrations of total ammoniaable copper, dissolved manganese, and total retrends at stations that had a significant trend. All stations on Monument andFountain Creeks had significant temporal trend property or constituent.
at allplus organic nitrogen, total recover-
stations that had a significant
coverable nickel had negative
s of at least one water-quality
18
REFERENCES CITED
Cain, Doug, and Edelmann, Patrick, 1986, A reconnaissance water-qualityappraisal of the Fountain Creek alluvial aquifer between Colorado Springsand Pueblo, Colorado, including trace elements and organic constituents:U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4085,45 p.
Chambers, J.M., Cleveland, W.S., Kleiner, Beat, and Tukey, P.A., 1983,Graphical methods for data analysis: Murray Hill, N. J., Bell TelephoneLaboratories Incorporated, 395 p.
Colorado Department of Health, 1989, Classification and numeric standards Arkansas River Basin 3.2.0: Denver, Water Quality Control Commission,1 volume.
Edelmann, Patrick, 1990, Water quality of Fountain and Monument Creeks,south-central Colorado, with emphasis on relation of water quality tostream classifications: U.S. Geological Survey Water-ResourcesInvestigations Report 88-4132, 99 p.
Edelmann, Patrick, and Cain, Doug, 1985, Sources of water and nitrogen to theWidefield aquifer, southwestern El Paso County, Colorado: U.S. Geologi cal Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4162, 81 p.
Gilliom, R.J., and Helsel, D.R., 1986, Estimation of distributional parametersfor censored trace level water quality data 1. Estimation techniques:Water Resources Research, v. 22, no. 2, p. 135-146.
Helsel, D.R., and Cohn, T.A., 1988, Estimation of descriptive statistics formultiply censored water quality data: Water Resources Reasearch, v. 24,no. 12, p. 1997-2004.
Hirsch, R.M., Alexander, R.B., and Smith, R.A., 1991, Selection of methodsfor the detection and estimation of trends in water quality: WaterResources Research, v. 27, no. 5, p. 803-813.
Hirsch, R.M., Slack, J.R., and Smith, R.A., 1982, Techniques of trend analysisfor monthly water-quality data: Water Resources Research, v. 18, no. 1,p. 107-121.
Hirsch, R.M., and Slack, J.R., 1984, A nonparametric trend test for seasonaldata with serial dependence: Water Resources Research, v. 20, no. 6,p. 727-732.
Kuhn, Gerhard, 1991, Calibration, verification, and use of a steady-statestream water-quality model for Monument and Fountain Creeks, east-centralColorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report91-4055, 149 p.
SAS Institute Inc., 1985, SAS user's guide: Statistics version 5 edition:Cary, N.C., SAS Institute, 957 p.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986, Quality criteria for water 1986:EPA 440/5-86-001, 1 volume,
von Guerard, Paul, 1989, Suspended sediment and sediment-source areas in theFountain Creek drainage basin upstream from Widefield, southeasternColorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report88-4136, 36 p.
Willingham, W.T., 1976, Ammonia toxicity: Denver, U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency, EPA-908/3-76-001, 103 p. [Available also fromNational Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va., as PB 256-447.]
19
HYDROLOGIC DATA
21
M
Table 4. Summary s
tatistics
for stream/low a
nd se
lect
ed water-quality properties
and constituents at
water-quality
stat
ion
07103747 Mo
nume
nt Cr
eek
at Palmer Lak
e
[ft3/s,
cubic
feet
per
second;
pS/c
m, mi
cros
ieme
ns pe
r ce
ntim
eter
at 25
de
gree
s Ce
lsiu
s; °C
, de
gree
Celsius; mg
/L,
mill
igra
ms pe
r li
ter;
Mg/L,
micr
ogra
ms per
liter; /100 mL,
colo
nies pe
r 10
0 milliliters; ---, no
st
ream
st
anda
rd;
E, estimated
using
meth
ods
described
by Hel
sel
and
Conn
(1988)
; <, le
ss th
an;
--,
insu
ffic
ient
data]
Property or
co
nsti
tuen
t
Inst
anta
neou
s st
reamflow
Spec
ific
conductance
pH Water
temp
erat
ure
Dissolved
oxyg
en
Diss
olve
d ch
lori
deDi
ssol
ved
sulf
ate
Suspended
solids
Nitr
ite
plus ni
trat
e as
nitr
ogen
Tota
l am
moni
a as
nitrogen
Un-i
oniz
ed am
moni
a as
nitr
ogen
Tota
l am
moni
a plus or
gani
cn-i
fr rog^n _
Total
orga
nic
nitrogen as
nitrogen
Tota
l phosphorus
Tota
l ca
dmiu
mTota
l re
cove
rabl
e copper
Diss
olve
d iron
Total
recoverable
iron
Tota
l recoverable
lead
Diss
olve
d manganese
Total
recoverable
mang
anes
eTota
l re
cove
rabl
e zi
nc
5-day
bioc
hemi
cal
oxyg
endemand
Tota
l coliform bac
teri
aFe
cal
coli
form
ba
cter
iaFe
cal
streptococcus
bact
eria
Units
ft3/s
pS/c
mst
anda
rd°C
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
mg/L
/100
mL
/100
mL
/100
mL
Numb
er
of
valu
es
209
206 95 209 94 83 78 93 97 98 59 56 32 37
64 65 54 68 65 56 68 66 79 7 82 47
Number
of
cens
ored
va
lues 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 39 36 0 10 0 7
55
5 0 0 27 3 0 28 0 0 9 0
Peri
od
of
M St
anda
rd
record
deviation
(water ye
ar)
1977
-88
1977
-88
1977
-88
1977
-88
1977
-88
1977
-88
1977
-88
1977
-88
1977
-88
1977
-88
1977-88
1984-88
1984
-88
1977
-80
1Q7*7_fifl
ly / /"oo
1978
-88
1984
-88
1977-88
1977
-88
1984
-88
1977
-88
1977
-88
1977
-88
1985
1977
-88
1985-88
8.9
162 7.
89.
69.
6
3.3
11 17 E
0.09 E
0.02 E
0.00
049
0.35 E
0.34
0.03 E
3 E
110
1,10
0 1
4 E
46 E
68 20 E
0.8
77 E
110
22 45 0.5
7.0
1.9
1.4
2.3
35 E
0.08 E
0.04 E
0.00
058
0.19
E
0.17
0.04 E
2 E
60
,400 5
E28
E
38 30 E 0.7
280
E150
Minimum
0.1
55 6.5
0.0
6.1
0.2
6.6
<1 0.01
<0.0
10.
0001
0
<0.2
0
0.16
<0.01
<1 20 40 <1 <10 30 2 0.
1
80 <1 2
Lowe
r quartile
0.9
130 7.
53.0
8.1
2.1
10 2 0.03
E
0.01
E
0.00
011
0.20
0.25
0.01
2 70
350 1
E20 40 6
E
0.4 --
3 10
Medi
an
1.9
164 7.
99.0
9.7
3.3
11 6 0.06
0.01
0.00
029
0.30
0.28
0.01
3100
520
12 40 70 10 0.6
10 40
Upper
quar
tile
6.8
198 8.
115
.011.0 4.3
13 14 0.10
0.03
0.00
068
0.40
0.40
0.03
514
0
,100
75 60 90 30 0.8 --
42
117
0
Maximum
168
250 9.
025
.013
.6 7.3
1827
0 0.33
0.23
0 . 002
8
0.90
0.84
0.19
13280
,800 35 130
230
180 5.
0
720
,800
620
Wate
r-
qual
ity
stand
ard
1
6.5-
9.0
5.0
250
250
10 0.1
___ 0.4
7300
4,400 6 50
1,00
0 50
2,000
1For st
ream
se
gmen
t 6
(Col
orad
o Departme
nt of
He
alth
, 1989).
2Det
ecti
on li
mit
of analyzing
equipment;
may
not
be an
ex
ceed
ance
of
standard.
N>
Table 5. Summary s
tati
stic
s for
stre
am fl
ow and
sele
cted
water-quality properties
and
constituents at
water-quality
stat
ion
0710
3780
Monument Cr
eek
above
Nort
h Ga
te Boulevard
at U
.S.
Air Fo
rce
Academy
[ft3/s,
cu
bic
feet
pe
r se
cond
; pS
/cm,
microsiemens per
centimeter at
25 de
gree
s Ce
lsiu
s; °C
, de
gree
Celsius; mg
/L,
mill
igra
ms pe
r li
ter;
Mg
/L,
micrograms pe
r li
ter;
/1
00 ml,
colo
nies per
100
milliliters; , no
st
ream
standard;
E, estimated
usin
g me
thod
s described
by
Hels
el and
Cohn (1988);
<, less th
an; , insufficient data]
Property or constituent
Instantaneous
stre
amflow
Spec
ific
co
nduc
tanc
ePH Wa
ter
temperature
Diss
olve
d ox
ygen
Diss
olve
d ch
lori
deDi
ssol
ved
sulf
ate
Suspended
solids
Nitr
ite
plus
ni
trat
e as
nitr
ogen
Total
ammo
nia
as nitrogen
Un- io
nize
d am
moni
a as
nitr
ogen
Total
ammo
nia
plus or
gani
cnitrogen
Total
orga
nic
nitrogen as
nitrogen
Total
cadm
ium
Total
reco
vera
ble
copper
Diss
olve
d ir
onTo
tal
recoverable
iron
Total
reco
vera
ble
lead
Diss
olve
d ma
ngan
ese
Total
reco
vera
ble
manganese
Total
reco
vera
ble
zinc
5-day biochemical
oxyg
ende
mand
Total
coli
form
bacteria
Fecal
coli
form
bacteria
Fecal
stre
ptoc
occu
sbacteria
Numb
er
Unit
s of
va
lues
ft3/s
MS/ cm
stan
dard
°C
»g/L
ng/L
»g/L
ng/L
ng/L
mg/L
»g/L
ng/L
ng/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
mg/L
/100
mL
/I 00
mL/1
00 mL
93 87 58 88 59 61 56 56 61 61 55 56 54 55 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 44
7 44 47
Numb
er
of
cens
ored
va
lues 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 45 0 1 0 29 0 0 16 0 0 3 0
Peri
odof
M
. Mean
record
(water y
ear)
1984
-88
1984
-88
1984
-88
1984
-88
1984
-88
1984
-88
1984
-88
1984-88
1984
-88
1984
-88
1984-88
1984
-88
1984
-88
1984
-88
1984
-88
1984
-88
1984
-88
1984
-88
1984
-88
1984
-88
1984
-88
1984
-88
1985
-88
1985
-88
1985
-88
24 223 8.
010
.39.
9
10 22 44 E
0.60
0.85 E
0.011
1.7
0.87
512
0 E
1,40
0 5 E
73 160 21 E
4.3
51 E
150
Stan
dard
de
viat
ion
40 74 0.4
8.1
1.7
5.0
14 61 E
0.36
1.2
E0.012
1.4
0.51 2
100
E1,
400 14 E
41 280 21 E
1.8
73 E
200
.
. Lower
Minimum
. . .
qu
arti
le
1.100 7. 0. 6. 3. 11 <1 0. <0. 0. 0. 0. <1 1
<10
310 <1 10 50 <10 1. 13 <2 2
4 4.8
158
1 7.7
0 2.0
7 8.6
2 6.
215 8.
210
0.30
01
0.15
0003
5 0.
0028
40
0.82
10
0.57 3
50 620 1
E40 90 10
E
1 2.
7 8 35
Medi
an
1122
8 7.9
10.5 9.9
9.0
19 20 0.50
0.40
0.00
82
1.3
0.78 4 90 92
0 2 E
70 110 20 4.
0 24 64
Uppe
r quartile
22 262 8.
216
.511.2
13 25 64 0.80
1.05
0.013
2.0
1.1 6
160
2,00
0 5 90 160 30 5.9
68 160
Maximum
261
501 9.
329.0
14.2
28 110
376 1.
4
7.1
0.06
8.1
3.4
3 11580
6,40
0
100
250
2,200
130 8.
4
470
400
790
Wate
r-
qual
ity
stand
ard
1
6.5-
9.0
5.0
250
250
10 0.1
2 7300
8,20
0 30 501,
000 60
2,00
0
xFor st
ream
se
gmen
t 7
(Col
orad
o Departme
nt of
He
alth
, 19
89).
Tabl
e 6. Summary s
tati
stic
s for
streamflow an
d selected water-quality properties
and
cons
titu
ents
at
water-quality
stat
ion
07104000 Monument Cr
eek
at Pi
kevi
ew
[ft3/
s, cu
bic
feet
pe
r se
cond
; pS
/cm,
mi
cros
ieme
ns pe
r ce
ntim
eter
at
25 de
gree
s Celsius; °C
, de
gree
Ce
lsiu
s; mg
/L,
mill
igra
ms per
lite
r;
pg/L,
micr
ogra
ms pe
r li
ter;
/100 mL,
colo
nies pe
r 10
0 milliliters; , no
st
ream
standard;
E, estimated
usin
g me
thod
s de
scri
bed by
He
lsel
and
Cohn (1988);
<, less th
an; , in
suff
icie
nt data]
Prop
erty
or
co
nsti
tuen
t
Inst
anta
neou
s streamflow
Spec
ific
co
nduc
tanc
epH Wa
ter
temperature
Dissolved
oxyg
enHa
rdne
ss as ca
lciu
mcarbonate
Dissolved
calc
ium
Diss
olve
d magnesium
Dissolved
chlo
ride
Dissolved
sulf
ate
Susp
ende
d solids
Nitr
ite
plus ni
trat
e as
nitrogen
Total
ammo
nia
as nitrogen
Un- io
nize
d am
moni
a as
nitrogen
Total
ammo
nia
plus or
gani
cni
trog
enTo
tal
orga
nic
nitrogen as
nitrogen
Total
phosphorus
Tota
l ca
dmiu
mTo
tal
reco
vera
ble
copper
Diss
olve
d iron
Total
recoverable
iron
Total
reco
vera
ble
lead
Dissolved
manganese
Total
reco
vera
ble
mang
anes
eTo
tal
reco
vera
ble
nick
elTo
tal
sele
nium
Total
reco
vera
ble
zinc
5-day
bioc
hemi
cal
oxyg
ende
mand
Total
coli
form
bacteria
Fecal
coli
form
bacteria
Fecal
stre
ptoc
occu
s bacteria
Units
ft3/
spS/cm
stan
dard
°C
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Mg/L
M8/L
Mg/L
M8/L
M8/L
Mg/L
M8/L
M8/L
M8/L
Mg/L
mg/L
/100
mL
/100
mL
/100
mL
Numb
erof
va
lues
249
243
147
244
146 15 15 15 104 99 136
150
150
124 99 95 65 102
103 81 110
102 84 110 23 26 107
127 9 94 48
Numb
erof
ce
nsor
edva
lues 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 23 0 0 0 1
74 2 10 0 16 14 0 2 2 4 0 0 10 0
Peri
odof
record
(water ye
ar)
1976-88
1976-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976-88
1976
-82
1976
-82
1976
-82
1977
-88
1977
-88
1977
-88
1976-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-82
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
619
76-8
819
81-8
819
76-8
819
81-8
319
76-8
31976-88
1976
-88
1985
1976-88
1985-88
Mean
33 335 7.
812.2 9.2
130 40 6.
113 55 271
E1.
3
0.26 E
0.00
39
1.2
0.96
0.24
E
0.72 E
11 E
81 E
,500 13
E
24 E
190 4
E2
E60 E
2.8
--37
0 E
400
Standard
deviation
52 88 0.4
8.6
2.0
31 10 1.3
7.2
1946
6 E
0.67
0.50
E
0.0071
0.95
0.76
0.19
E
1.2
E10 E
380
E9,700 19 E
21 E
230 3
E1
E70 E
2.8
--1,
100
E37
0
Mini
mum
1.1
105 6.
80.
05.
681 25 4.
10.20
18 <1 0.18
<0.0
1
Lower
quar
tile
8.8
285 7.
65.0
7.5
93 30 4.5
9.6
41 540.
70
0.02
0.00
0020
0.
0005
7
0.20
0.19
<0.0
1<1 <1 <10
150
2<1 6 20 <1 <1 2 0.
1
60 <1 43
0.60
0.56
0.11
0.3
E5 20
,400
33 10 80 3 1
30 0.9
-- 8100
Medi
an
1734
0 7.9
12.0 8.8
120 40 6.
312 56 131 1.
3
0.08
0.0013
1.0
0.80
0.16
0.5
E8 30
,600 8 20 130 4 2 401.9
-- 35 230
Uppe
r quartile
35 398 8.
119.0
10.9
160 507.
315 67 257
31.8
0.23
0.00
36
1.5
1.10
0.31
1 13 50
37,000
8614 30 200
16 2 70 4.
0
1170
763
0 1
Maximum
410
690 8.
730
.015.0
170 55 8.
069 100
,980 2.
9
3.3
0.036
6.6
6.40
0.86
7 79,400
,000 140
160
,900 15 3
520 15
,600
,900
,800
Wate
r-qu
alit
y stand
ard
1
___
6.5-
9.0
5.0
250
250 10 0.1
2 7
300
8,200 30 50
1,00
010
0 10 60
2,00
0 ---
1For st
ream
se
gmen
t 7
(Col
orad
o Departme
nt of
He
alth
, 19
89)
ro
Table
7. S
umma
ry s
tatistics
for
stream fl
ow a
nd s
elec
ted water-quality properties an
d constituents at
water-quality
station
07104905 Mo
nume
nt C
reek
at Bi
jou
Street at
Col
orad
o Springs
[ft3/
s, cu
bic
feet per
second;
pS/c
m, microsiemens per
cent
imet
er at
25 de
gree
s Ce
lsiu
s; °C,
degr
ee Ce
lsiu
s; mg/L,
mill
igra
ms pe
r li
ter;
Mg/L,
micrograms per
lite
r; /100 mL,
colo
nies per
100
milliliters; , no st
ream
st
anda
rd;
E, estima
ted
usin
g me
thod
s described
by
Hels
el and
Conn
(1988);
<, less than]
Prop
erty
or constituent
Inst
anta
neou
s st
reamflow
Spec
ific
co
nduc
tanc
epH Wa
ter
temperature
Dissolved
oxyg
enHa
rdne
ss as
ca
lciu
mca
rbon
ate
Diss
olve
d ca
lciu
mDi
ssol
ved
magn
esiu
mDissolved
chlo
ride
Diss
olve
d su
lfat
eSu
spen
ded
solids
Nitr
ite
plus
ni
trat
e as
nitrogen
Tota
l am
moni
a as
nitrogen
Un-ionized am
moni
a as
nitr
ogen
Total
ammo
nia
plus
or
gani
cnitrogen
Total
orga
nic
nitr
ogen
as
nitr
ogen
Tota
l phosphorus
Tota
l ca
dmiu
mTo
tal
reco
vera
ble
copper
Diss
olve
d ir
onTo
tal
reco
vera
ble
iron
Total
reco
vera
ble
lead
Diss
olve
d ma
ngan
ese
Tota
l re
cove
rabl
e manganese
Tota
l re
cove
rabl
e nickel
Total
sele
nium
Tota
l re
cove
rabl
e zinc
5-da
y biochemical
oxyg
ende
mand
Tota
l co
lifo
rm bacteria
Fecal
coli
form
bacteria
Feca
l st
rept
ococ
cus
bact
eria
Units
ft3/
suS/cm
stan
dard
°C
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
mg/L
/I 00 ml
/100 ml
/I 00
ml
Numb
er
of
valu
es
100
100 95 100 98 12 12 12 69 69 99 100 99 84 90 81 20 94 95 78 95 95 81 95 23 23 94 81 16 53 49
Numb
er
of
censored
values 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 0 65 0 13 1 9 37 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 1
Period
of
record
(wat
er ye
ar)
1980
-88
1980
-88
1980
-88
1980
-88
1980
-88
1981-82
1981
-82
1981-82
1983
-88
1983
-88
1980
-88
1980
-88
1980
-88
1980
-88
1981
-88
1981
-88
1980-82
1980
-88
1980
-88
1981
-88
1980
-88
111980-88
1981
-88
1980
-88
1981
-83
1981
-83
1980
-88
1980
-88
1984-85
619
80-8
81984-88
1
Mean
47 478 8.
012.6 9.2
190 58 12 16 95
463
E1.9
0.15
E
0.00
34
1.2
E
1.0
0.28
0.7
E18 40 E
,000
1418
E
11 E
270 8 3 80 E
3.8
,100
20920
E 2
,800 E
5
Stan
dard
deviation
87 141 0.
38.8
2.0
50 15 3.4
8.4
40 613
E1.
06
0.19 E
0.00
38
0.72
E
0.62
0.17
0.7
E23 60
E
,000 19
E
7 E
310 4 180
E
3.2
,000
,400 E
,200
E
Mini
mum
7.5
130 7.
20.0
5.3
120 37 6.
83.
722 <1 0.
12
<0.0
1
Lower
quart ile
1638
0 7.8
5.1
7.6
137 42 8.
012 64 146 1.
0
0.03
0.000050 0.
0008
8
<0.2
0
0.01
0.07
<1 4<1
0<1
0 3
<1 5 10 3 1<1
0 0.5
130 <4 38
0.70
0.61
0.16
0.49
E
9 10,9
00
66 6
E12
0 5 2 401.5
440
128 190
Medi
an
25 480 8.
113.0 9.0
210 64 14 15 99 282 1.
8
0.07
0.00
24
1.0
0.85
0.23
0.71
E
11 20,8
00
1212 9
170 8 3 50 2.
7
,200
1
170
500
1
Uppe
r qu
arti
le
46 587 8.
219
.211.0
240 72 14 18 120
516
32.
5
0.18
0.0042
1.5
1.2
0.39
1 18 40,000
8622 10
280
210 4 80 5.
0
,600
80640
16,350
35
Maximum
800
755 8.
531
.513.2
260 75 17 61 180
,460 5.
8
1.1
0.023
4.2
3.8
0.65
6150
530
,000 110 30
,200 21 6
500 19
,000
,000
,000
Wate
r-
qual
ity
stand
ard
1
6.5-
9.0
5.0
250
250
10 0.1
2 730
08,200 30 50
1,00
010
0 10 60
2,000 ---
1For st
ream
se
gmen
t 7
(Col
orad
o Department of
He
alth
, 19
89).
N3
Table 8. Summary stat
isti
cs for st
ream
flow
and
selected wat
er-q
uali
ty properties
and
cons
titu
ents
at
wa
ter-
qual
ity
stat
ion
07103700 Fou
ntai
n Cr
eek near C
olorado
Spri
ngs
[ft3/s, cubic
feet
per se
cond
; (j
S/cm
, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; °C,
degree Celsius; mg
/L,
milligrams per li
ter;
Mg
/L,
micrograms per li
ter;
/1
00 ml,
colonies per 100
milliliters; --
-, no stream standard;
E, estimated us
ing
methods described by
Helsel and
Cohn (1
988)
; <,
le
ss th
an; , insufficient data]
Prop
erty
or constituent
Instantaneous
streamflow
Spec
ific
co
nduc
tanc
epH Wa
ter
temp
erat
ure
Dissolved
oxyg
enHa
rdne
ss as
ca
lciu
mcarbonate
Dissolved
calc
ium
Diss
olve
d magnesium
Diss
olve
d ch
lori
deDissolved
sulf
ate
Susp
ende
d solids
Nitr
ite
plus
ni
trat
e as
nitrogen
Total
ammo
nia
as nitrogen
Un-i
oniz
ed am
moni
a as
nitr
ogen
Total
ammonia
plus
org
anic
nitrogen
Total
orga
nic
nitrogen as
nitrogen
Total
phosphorus
Tota
l ca
dmiu
mTo
tal
reco
vera
ble
copp
erDi
ssol
ved
iron
Total
recoverable
iron
Tota
l re
cove
rabl
e le
adDissolved
manganese
Tota
l re
cove
rabl
e manganese
Tota
l re
cove
rabl
e ni
ckel
Total
selenium
Tota
l re
cove
rabl
e zinc
5-day
biochemical
oxyg
ende
mand
Total
coli
form
ba
cter
iaFe
cal
coli
form
ba
cter
ia
Units
ft3/s
(jS/cm
stan
dard
°C
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
mg/L
/100
ml
/100
mL
Fecal
streptococcus
bacteria /1
00 ml
Numb
er
of
valu
es
267
259
140
262
145 15 15 15 103 98 134
148
147
104
"TOO
74 63 100
102 82 109
102 85 109 24 27 102
123 16 105 54
Number
Peri
od
of
of
M St
anda
rd
censored
reco
rd
devi
atio
n va
lues
(water y
ear)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 38 0 9 0 6 78 3 5 0 30 0 0 4 247 0 0 1 0
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
, 1981
1976,
1981
1976
, 1981
1977
-88
1977
-88
1977
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-82
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1981
-82
1976
-82
1976
-88
1976
-88
1984
-85
1976
-88
1984
-88
1731
3 7.9
8.6
10.0
110 35 6.
814 17 61 E
0.81
0.05 E
0.00
091
0.81
E
0.87
0.05 E
6 E
77 E
2,400
67
E48 150 4 40 E
1.3
2,000
593
0 E
438
0
20 920.
35.
71.6
27 8.2
1.7
8.6
3.9
129
E0.
27
0.06
E
0.00
12
1.83 E
2.10
0.05 E
6 E
110
E,2
00 8 E
23 280 4 30 E
1.4
,600
,800
E
420
Mini
mum
3.8
100 7.
10.
06.
254 17 2.
92.6
5.8
<1 0.20
<0.0
1
Lowe
r qu
arti
le
7.8
258 7.
74.
08.
996 29 5.
89.
915 7 0.
61
0.01
0.00
0020
0.
0002
8
0.14
0.11
<0.0
1<1 <1 <10
140 <1 10 40 <1 <1 <10 0.
1
25 2 7
0.30
0.32
0.02
340 510 2
E30 80 2 20 0.
7
140 24 52
Medi
an
Upp"
quartile
1031
5 7.9
8.5
10.0
120 37 7.
413 17 21 0.
80
0.02
0.00
057
0.50
0.47
0.04
457 870
24 45 100 3 -- 30 0.
9
500
114
022
0
1636
0 8.2
13.5
11.2
130 39 7.
717 20 491.
0
0.05
0.0011
0.74
0.74
0 07
7 72,000
588 60 140
24 401.
4
,300
2342
0 46
470
1
Water-
.
qual
ity
Maxi
mum
^ .
,'
stand
ard
1
172
750 8 22 15 160 50 9 77 26 780 1 0 0 17 17
0 17 39 790
,000 53 160
,900 22 3
240 11
,000
,000
,600
.5
6.5-
9.0
.0 .3
26.0-(7.0)
.1250
250
.7
10
.45
.0096
20 _--
31
1.4
1030
01,
350 25 50
1,00
0100 10 50
2,000 ---
1For stream segment
1 (Colorado
Department of
He
alth
, 1989).
2The larger value ap
plie
s during periods of
spawning of
cold-water fi
sh.
Table 9. Summary s
tati
stics
for
stream fl
ow and s
elec
ted wa
ter-
qual
ity properties
and c
onst
itue
nts
at
water-
qual
ity
station
07105500 F
ount
ain Cr
eek
at C
olor
ado
Spri
ngs
[ft3/s,
cubic
feet per
second;
uS/c
m, mi
cros
ieme
ns pe
r ce
ntim
eter
at 25 de
gree
s Celsius; °C
, de
gree
Celsius; mg
/L,
milligrams pe
r li
ter;
Mg/L,
micrograms per
lite
r; /1
00 mL,
colo
nies
pe
r 10
0 mi
llil
iter
s; , no
st
ream
st
anda
rd;
E, es
tima
ted
usin
g me
thod
s de
scri
bed
by
Hels
el and
Conn
(1988);
<, less than]
Property or co
nsti
tuen
t
Inst
anta
neou
s streamflow
Spec
ific
conductance
pH Wate
r temperature
Dissolved
oxyg
enHa
rdne
ss as
ca
lciu
mca
rbon
ate
Dissolved
calc
ium
Dissolved
magn
esiu
mDissolved
chlo
ride
Diss
olve
d su
lfat
eSuspended
solids
Nitr
ite
plus
ni
trat
e as
nitrogen
Total
ammo
nia
as nitrogen
Un-ionized am
moni
a as
nitrogen
Total
ammo
nia
plus or
gani
cnitrogen
Total
orga
nic
nitrogen as
nitrogen
Tota
l ph
osph
orus
Total
cadm
ium
Total
reco
vera
ble
copp
erDi
ssol
ved
iron
Total
recoverable
iron
Total
reco
vera
ble
lead
Diss
olve
d ma
ngan
ese
Tota
l re
cove
rabl
e manganese
Total
reco
vera
ble
nick
elTotal
selenium
Total
recoverable
zinc
5-day bio
chem
ical
ox
ygen
dema
ndTotal
coliform bac
teri
aFe
cal
coliform bac
teri
aFe
cal
stre
ptoc
occu
s bacteria
Unit
s
ft3/s
MS/ cm
stan
dard
°C
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
mg/L
/100
mL
/I 00
mL/1
00 mL
,
Number
Numb
er
ff ,
cens
ored
va
lues
,
valu
es
306
283
139
285
141 15 15 15 110 98 133
139
139
119 97 86 64 99 100 79 105
100 81 104 23 24 103
125 15 99 48
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 1 1 0 721 11 0 12 4 0 1 1 0 0 0 3 0
Peri
odof
Standard
. Mean
. ...
record
devi
atio
n(w
ater
year)
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-84
1976
-84
1976
-84
1977
-88
1977
-88
1977
-88
1976
-88
1976-88
1976-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976-82
1976
-88
1977
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1981
-83
1976
-83
1976
-88
1976
-88
1984-85
1976
-88
1984
-88
70583 7.
913
.0 9.3
200 56 14 20 130
266 1.
6
0.42 E
0.0065
1.1
E
0.87
E
0.50
0.67
E
12 E
160
E6,
300
816
E
64 E
250 6
E3
E70 4.
2
6,90
0 20
470
E90
0 1
150
208 0.
38.
11.7
64 17 5.5
11 7135
3 0.76
1.33
E
0.01
5
0.74
E
0.53 E
0.66
0.55 E
10 E
390
E,400 29 E
52 E
240 3
E1
E60 4.
5
,000 730
E,200
u.
. Lower
Mini
mum
. . ,
qu
a r tile
3.152 6. 0. 6. 98 29 6. 4. 14 1 0. <0. 0. <0.
<0. 0. <1 <1 <10
200 <1
<10 70 <1 <1 10 0.
230 <4 50
0 18
435
7 7.7
0 5.0
2 8.0
152 43
3 10
1 13 68 62
30
1.0
01
0-03
000020 0.
0006
7
20
0.60
01
0.54
02
0.13
0.53
E
6 172,
000
44 30 150 4 2 40
20
1.5
310
150 180
Medi
an
3359
2 7.9
13 9.1
210 59 15 19 120
149 1.
4
0.08
0.0017
0.90
0.76
0.33
0.71
E
10 30,300 850 200 6 3 60 3.
0
,400 180
400
^P
. Maximum
quart li
e
63 700 8. 20.
10.
260 72 19 24 160
316 2. 0. 0. 1. 1. 0. 0. 14 70
6,900 19 80 260 8 4 80 5.
2,40
052
098
0
1,63
01,280
1 8.6
0 28
.56
13.5
290 80 22 100
390
2,210
1 3.
9
27
1400
44
0.13
4 3.
8
0 3.4
58
4.6
97 E
4 832,500
69,0
00 250
290
2,300 16 7
460
6 29
80,000
3,600
5,500
Wate
r-
qual
ity
stand
ard
1
6.5-
9.0
5.0
250
600
10
1020
030
0
50 150
200 10
2,000
2,000 ---
1For
st
ream
se
gmen
t 2
(Colorado
Department
of
He
alth
, 1989).
oe
Tabl
e 10. Summary s
tati
stic
s fo
r streamflow and selected water-quality pro
pert
ies
and
constituents at
wa
ter-
qual
ity
stat
ion
07105530 Fou
ntai
n Cr
eek be
low
Jani
tell
Road bel
ow Col
orad
o Sp
ring
s
[ft3/s, cu
bic
feet
pe
r se
cond
; pS
/cm,
mi
cros
ieme
ns pe
r centimeter at
25 de
gree
s Celsius; °C
, de
gree
Celsius; mg
/L,
mill
igra
ms pe
r li
ter;
pg/L,
micr
ogra
ms pe
r li
ter;
/100 mL
, co
loni
es pe
r 10
0 milliliters; , no
st
ream
standard;
E, es
tima
ted
usin
g me
thod
s described
by
Hels
el and
Conn (1988);
<, less than]
Prop
erty
or constituent
Instantaneous
streamflow
Spec
ific
co
nduc
tanc
epH Water
temperature
Dissolved
oxyg
enHa
rdne
ss as ca
lciu
mcarbonate
Dissolved
calc
ium
Dissolved ma
gnes
ium
Dissolved
chlo
ride
Diss
olve
d su
lfat
eSuspended
solids
Nitr
ite
plus ni
trat
e as
nitrogen
Total
nipi
»nni
a as nitrogen
Un-ionized am
moni
a as
nitrogen
Total
ammo
nia
plus or
gani
cnitrogen
Tota
l organic
nitr
ogen
as
nitrogen
Total
phosphorus
Tota
l ca
dmiu
mTo
tal
recoverable
copper
Dissolved
iron
Total
reco
vera
ble
iron
Total
reco
vera
ble
lead
Diss
olve
d ma
ngan
ese
Total
reco
vera
ble
manganese
Total
reco
vera
ble
nick
elTo
tal
sele
nium
Total
reco
vera
ble
zinc
5 -day biochemical
oxyg
ende
mand
Total
col i f
orm
bact
eria
Feca
l co
lifo
rm b
acte
ria
Feca
l st
rept
ococ
cus
bact
eria
Units
ft3/s
pS/c
mst
anda
rd°C
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ng/L
mg/L
mg/L
TBg/t
mg/L
M8/L
Mg/L
Hg/L
Hg/L
M8/L
Hg/L
HgA
Mg/L
M8/L
M8/L
mg/L
/100
mL
/100 mL
/100 mL
Numb
er
of
valu
es
116
116
112
116
115 40 40 40 37 25 103
114
108
103 99
92^
32 35 39 40 39 36 40 31 32 32 39 97 16 67 49
Numb
er
of
cens
ored
va
lues 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 6 0 21 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 0
Peri
od
of
record
(wat
er ye
ar)
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976-85
1976-85
1976-85
1981
-85
1982
-85
1979
-88
1976
-88
1076-ftft
1976
-88
1976
-88
T976^S8
1976
-82
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976-85
1976
-88
319
76-8
51976-85
1976-87
1981
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1984-85
1019
76-8
819
84-8
8 1
Mean
109
711 7.
613.5 8.4
170 45 14 33 130
171
E1.5
7.8
F.0.
11
12 47trrE
4.6
0.88 E
18 52,5
00 14 E
100
240 19 5
E120 15
,300 720
E,900
Stan
dard
de
viat
ion
71 151 0.
35.
71.
433 8.
43 13 37 222
E0.90
3.8
E0.
24
6.1
5.0 E
1.9
0.24
E12 33
4,40
0 11 E
56 160 13 2
E70 7.
7
20,0
001,
100
E2,
300
Minimum
20 240 6.
80.
55.
973 21 5 8 44 <1 0.
40
<0.01
0.00
037
2.4
<0.01
0.54
<1.0 5 9
360
1,<1 6 1 5 <1 30 2.
0
700
1,4
110
Lowe
r qu
arti
le
67 622 7.
39.
07.
2160 42 13 24 120 46 0.
94
5.1
0.03
5
8.8
1.3
3.2
0.80
E
11 34 000
25 62 160 11 3 80 9.
0
500
363 305
1
Median
86 746 7.
613.0 8.3
180 47 15 33 140 861.
3
7^5
0.062
11 2.4
4.4
0.91
E
16 46,0
00 12 100
180 16 5
100 14.0
,200
340
,000
Uppe
r qu
arti
le
130
820 7.
818
.0 9.1
196 51 17 40 170
196
11.8
JU
0.12
15 T7Z
5.6
1.0
E20 55
3,20
0 21
21 120
260 25 6
130 19
9,500
8080
0 4
2,200
8
Maximum
415
950 9.
325.0
12.4
210 59 19 84 180
,120 5.
2
20 2.4
37 30 9.7
2.0
80 160
,000 46 290
780 76 7
420 38
,000
,300
,300
Wate
r-
qual
ity
stand
ard
1
6.5-
9.0
5.0
250
600
10 ___
---
1020
030
0
50 150
200 10
2,000
2,00
0 ---
1For
st
ream
se
gmen
t 2
(Col
orad
o Department
of
He
alth
, 19
89).
Tabl
e 11. Summary
statis
tics for
stream flo
w an
d selected w
ater-quality pro
pert
ies
and
constituents at
water-quality
stat
ion
0710
5905
Fo
unta
in C
reek
ab
ove Little F
ount
ain
Cree
k below Fo
unta
in
[fta/
s, cubic
feet p
er second;
pS/cm, microsiemeos per
centimeter at
25
de
gree
s Celsius; °C
, degree Celsius; mg
/L,
milligrams per
lite
r;
pg/L,
micr
ogra
ms per
lite
r; /100 ml,
colonies pe
r 10
0 mi
llil
iter
s; ---, no
st
ream
st
anda
rd;
E, estimated
usin
g me
thod
s described
by
Hels
el and
Cohn
(1988);
<, less th
an]
Prop
erty
or
co
nsti
tuen
t
Instantaneous
streamflow
Spec
ific
conductance
PH Water
temperature
Dissolved
oxyg
enHa
rdne
ss as ca
lciu
mcarb
onat
eDi
ssol
ved
calcium
Diss
olve
d magnesium
Dissolved
chlo
ride
Dissolved
sulf
ate
Suspended
solids
Nitr
ite
plus
ni
trat
e as
nitrogen
to T
otal am
moni
a as ni
trog
en*° Un-
ioni
zed
ammo
nia
asnitrogen
Tota
l am
moni
a plus or
gani
cni
trog
enTo
tal
orga
nic
nitrogen a
snitrogen
Total
phos
phor
usTotal
cadm
ium
Total
reco
vera
ble
copper
Diss
olve
d iron
Tota
l recoverable
iron
Tota
l recoverable
lead
Diss
olve
d manganese
Tota
l recoverable
manganese
Tota
l recoverable
nick
elTo
tal
sele
nium
Tota
l recoverable
zinc
5 -day biochemical ox
ygen
dema
ndTo
tal
coliform bac
teri
aFecal
coliform bac
teri
aFecal
streptococcus
bact
eria
Units
ft3/
s(j
S/cm
stan
dard
°C
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
»g/L
»g/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
H8/L
Mg/L
H8/L
M8/L
H8/L
M8/L
M8/L
M8/L
M8/L
M8/L
mg/L
/I 00 mL
/I 00 mL
/100
mL
Numb
er
of
valu
es
142
141
135
140
135 17 17 17 32 32 130
139
138
no 99 96 59 40 43 17 48 40 17 39 32 32 48 128 18 97 51
Numb
er
of
cens
ored
va
lues 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 24 0 4 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
Peri
od
of
reco
rd
(water ye
ar)
1976
-88
1976
-88
119
76-8
819
76-8
819
76-8
819
76-8
4
1976
-84
1976
-84
1977-85
1977-85
1977
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-82
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
619
76-8
81976-85
1976
-83
1981
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1984
-85
1019
76-8
8 1
1984
-88
Mean
106
,110 7.
713
.6 8.2
390
100 34 60 370
216 3.
6
2.5
E0.
029
4.8
2.5
E
2.6
0.90 E
21 30,600 15
E
240
430 16 6 90 17
,000
,100
E
980
Standard
devi
atio
n
257
309 0.
37.
71.
613
0 38 10 13 96 399 1.
0
2.5
E0.32
4.0
3.1
E
1.6
0.82 E
30 3914,000 32
E
110
420 9 2
120 12
18,000
2,400
E1,900
Minimum
9.1
353 6.
60.
04.
9210 27 19 26 190 1 0.
26
<0.0
10.
0001
9
0.50
<0.01
0.04
<1 4 <3210
1,<1 24 120 6 3
201
420
1,<1
0 50
Lowe
r qu
arti
le
35 950
17.5
8.0
6.8
290 75 28 53 310 543.
1
0.36
0.00
50
1.8
1.0
1.4
0.53
E
9 930
0 3
317
028
0 10 5 32 7.8
300
380 120
Median
61,100 7.
813
.0 8.1
390
100 35 61 345
105 3.
7
1.5
0.017
3.9
1.5
2.3
0.82
E
13 20,000 6
270
350 14 6 60 16
,900 320
340
Uppe
r qu
arti
le
101
1,290 7.
919
.4 9.5
430
110 40 69 420
210 4.
2
3.9
0.04
7
6.3
2.5
3.3
1.27
20 306,600 16
320
430 217 90 25
14,000
1,10
084
0
Maximum
3,000
2,12
0 8.2
30.0
13.2
710
190 58 87 590
3,960 7.
7
10 0.15
20 20 9.3
315
017
097
,000 200
350
2,800 47 13
650 62
80,0
0017,000
10,000
Water-
qual
ity
stand
ard
1
6.5-
9.0
5.0
250
600 10
10200
300
50 150
200 10
2,00
0
2,00
0 ---
1For st
ream
se
gmen
t 2
(Col
orad
o Department of He
alth
, 19
89).
Tabl
e 12. Summary
stat
isti
cs for
stre
am fl
ow a
nd s
elec
ted wa
ter-
qual
ity properties an
d co
nsti
tuen
ts at
water-quality station
0710
6500
Fou
ntai
n Cr
eek
at Pu
eblo
[ft3/s, cubic
feet
pe
r se
cond
; pS/cm, mi
cros
ieme
ns pe
r ce
ntim
eter
at
25 de
gree
s Celsius; °C
, degree Celsius; mg/L,
mill
igra
ms pe
r li
ter;
Mg/L,
micr
ogra
ms pe
r li
ter;
/1
00 ml
, co
loni
es pe
r 10
0 mi
llil
iter
s; , no
st
ream
st
anda
rd;
E, estimated
usin
g me
thod
s described
by
Hels
el and
Cohn
(1988);
<, less than]
Property or constituent
Inst
anta
neou
s st
reamflow
Spec
ific
co
nduc
tanc
ePH Wa
ter
temperature
Diss
olve
d ox
ygen
Hard
ness
as ca
lciu
mcarbonate
Diss
olve
d ca
lciu
mDi
ssol
ved
magnesium
Suspended
solids
Nitr
ite
plus
ni
trat
e as
nitrogen
Total
ammo
nia
as nitrogen
Un-ionized am
moni
a as
nitrogen
Tota
l am
moni
a plus or
gani
cnitrogen
Tota
l or
gani
c nitrogen as
nitrogen
Tota
l phosphorus
Tota
l ca
dmiu
mTo
tal
reco
vera
ble
copper
Diss
olve
d ir
onTotal
reco
vera
ble
iron
Total
reco
vera
ble
lead
Diss
olve
d ma
ngan
ese
Total
reco
vera
ble
manganese
Tota
l re
cove
rabl
e nickel
Tota
l se
leni
um
.Total
recoverable
zinc
5-day biochemical
oxyg
ende
mand
Tota
l co
lifo
rm bac
teri
aFe
cal
coli
form
bacteria
Fecal
stre
ptoc
occu
s ba
cter
ia
Units
ft3/
sMS
/ cm
stan
dard
°C
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
mg/L
/lOO
mL/l
OOmL
/lOO
mL
Number
of
valu
es
266
265 89 225 92 11 11 11 88 90 88 84 87 86 10 20 20 11 20 20 11 20 20 20 20 75 12 43 43
Numb
er
of
cens
ored
va
lues 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 13 0 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1
Peri
odof
Standard
, Mean
, .
. .
reco
rd
deviation
(water ye
ar)
1976
-88
1976
-88
1981
-88
1976
-88
1981
-88
1981
-82
1981
-82
1981
-82
1981
-88
1981
-88
1981
-88
1981
-88
1981
-88
1981
-88
1981
-83
1981
-83
1981
-83
1981
-82
1981
-83
1981
-83
1981
-82
1981
-83
1981
-83
1981
-83
1981
-83
1981
-88
1985
1985
-88
1985
-88
125
1,590 8.
115.6 9.2
520
130 48 576
14.
7 E
0.41
E
0.00
89
2.3
E
1.9
1.0
0.75
E
23 17 E
15,000
1614 E
24450 20 32 120 9.
0
4,80
0 5
670
E 2
1,700
E 4
162
796 0.
38.
52.
1140 31 17
,0601.5
E
0.77
E
0.012
1.8
E
1.5
0.66
0.9Q E
19 14 E
,000 15
E
43 460 15 45 907.
3
,100
,100 E
,200
E
14
Lower
M , .
Up
per
M Minimum
. ,
Median
er .
. ..
Maximum
quart li
e qua r til
e
0566 7 0 4
320 83 286 <0 <0 0 0 0 0 <1 4 <3 80 <13
30 2 1 101
540 <4 29
.1
241,
180
.3
8..0
8.
.5
7.400
100 36 124
.10
3.
.01
0..0
0050
0.
.20
1.
.13
0.
.24
0. 0..0
0 12 6
3,900 6 6
140 10 14 60
.0
3.
1,20
0 37210
741,410
10
8.2
5 16
.08
9.0
520
130 47 264
6 4.6
06
0.08
0024
0 0
. 004
0
1 1.
8
92
1.5
43
0.93
47 E
0.74
E19 15
9,80
0 21
12 931
5 14 18 100
8 6.
6
2,200
7130
390
1
149
,800 8. 22.
11.
610
150 58 486 5. 0. 0. 3. 2. 1. 124 23
,800 18 20 610 24 27 140 12
,900 320
,000
1,100
6,000
3 8.
75
33.0
0 15
.277
0
180 78
6,760
4 11
32
4.1
0090
0.
070
0 12
1 8.
5
8 2.0
2 4 80 50
55,0
00 69 150
1,70
0 60 200
370 34
15,000
13,000
24,0
00
Wate
r-
qual
ity
stand
ard
1
6.5-
9.0
5.0
10
10200
300 50 150
200 10
2,00
0
2,000 ---
1For
st
ream
se
gmen
t 2
(Col
orad
o De
part
ment
of
He
alth
, 19
89).
10,000 c
CJ COD CJ
OQ
LU
O LU
CO
1,000
100
10
0.1
MONUMENT CREEK
1976-88 249
1980-88 100
O
1977-88 209
FOUNTAIN CREEK
1976-88 306
1976-88 267
1976-88 142
1976-88 116
1976-88 266
07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530 07105905
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STATION NUMBER Figure 3. Variations in instantaneous streamflow.
07106500
6,UUU
LU
LU
P
2 5,000CJtr.LUQ_
z wLU ^ 4,000
LU -<
cj "^^ "c 3,000
Z LU
CJ CN
< < 2,000CJ
QZ O5J 1,000LL. CJLUQ_ CO
n
MONUMENT CREEK FOUNTAIN CREEK «««,/n1 976-88 ' ^*
265 o
_ _
o -
1DB -
1976-88 Q141
B1976-88 1976-88 ^
283 1161976-88 +
1980-88 259 H i ' i1976-88 100 H A T
- 1QRA-fift 243 I *
87 ^ r-4-.1977-88 n I Q [H | h^» I
206 pj U I ^ I Q | + [ \ I
^ dt ^ I ^ I B07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STATION NUMBER Figure 4. Variations in specific conductance.
07105905 07106500
31
10MONUMENT CREEK
1977-88 95
1984-88 58
D
FOUNTAIN CREEK1976-88
112
1976-88 147 1976
13988
1981-88 89
1976-88 135
D D
D
D
07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 071037
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURV
Figure 5.
00 07105500 07105530
EY STATION NUMBER
in pH.
07105905 07106500
Variations
40MONUMENT CREEK
1984-88 88
1976-88 244
1980-88 100
301977-88 209
20
£ 10
FOUNTAIN CREEK
197l>-88 2ii5
1976-88 262
1976-88 225
1976-88 140
1976-88 116
07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY07105500 07105530
ON NUMBER
07105905 07106500
Figure 6.--Variations
EY STATH:
in water temperature
32
20
QCUJ
QC UJ Q.
15 - 1977-88 94
10
UJ
O QUJ
O
Q
MONUMENT CREEK
1976-88 146
FOUNTAIN CREEK
1976-88 145
1981-88 92
1976-88141
1976-88 115
1976-88 135
g
07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530 07105905 07106500
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STATION NUMBER
Figure 7. Variations in concentrations of dissolved oxygen.
800
UJs 600
cnb
<$op£
QQC
400
200
MONUMENT CREEK FOUNTAIN CREEK nco1976-84 17 1981-82
1981-82 12
1976-84 15
1976-82 15 1976, 1981
'
07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530 07105905 07106500
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STATION NUMBER Figure 8. Variations in hardness as calcium carbonate.
33
200MONUMENT CREEK FOUNTAIN CREEK
1976-84 17
1981-82 11
150
£E 100
1981-82 12
1976-84 15
1976-82 15
50
1976,1^81 15
1976-85 40
07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVIEY07105500 07105530
STATION NUMBER07105905 07106500
Figure 9. Variations in concentrations of dissolved calcium.
80MONUMENT CREEK FOUNTAIN CPEEK
1981-82 11
60
1976-8417
D
40
201981-82
12
1976-84 15
1976-82 15
1976,198115
07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURV
Figure 10. Variations in concentrations
07103VOO 071D5500 07105530 07105905 07106500
EY STATION NUMBER
of dissolved magnesium.
100
QCLUI-
-1 80QC 80LU Q.
S
2
I] 60_i
SZ
LU Q
S «_i
OQ LU
?n 20c/)Q
^ "^^ 1977 88MONUMENT CREEK FOUNTAIN CREEK no
1981-851977-85
3237
1977-88103
_1977-88 n
104 w
O 1983-8869
O
D
1984-88 Q
61 IBD n V n
1977-88 | ' | »
83 » I **
^
LJ
k- i i
D 2o i- LUO
LL
COz
07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530 07105905 07106500
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STATION NUMBER
Figure 11. Variations in concentrations of dissolved chloride.
600MONUMENT CREEK FOUNTAIN CREEK
1977-85' 32
QCLU
QC LU Q.(/)
< QC
1977-88 98
400
200Q LU
C/5 Q
1984-88 56 1977-88
99
1977-88 78
1977-88 98
1982-85 25
07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STATION NUMBER07105905 07106500
Figure 12.--Variations in concentrations of dissolved sulfate.
35
crUJ
Zj crUJ G- 1,000 CO2DC
_J _J
2
100CO Q
JS NITRATE AS NITROGEN, IN SUSPENDED SOL
LLIGRAMS PER LITER
o 01 - °
5^2 5UJ
Et-z.
0
Fi
: MONUMENT CREEK FOL- 1977-88-^ 1980-88 ] 136 Q "
o "Q D 19^
D 1
- 1984-88 UCC H
1Q77 flfl 3O i i
- 93 0 (
o , , ^~^ DO T
" 8 JLM
JNTAIN C
1£
7-88 (4
)! -i -
^EEK 1977-88 /r>. I 130 ' O
77-88 1981-88 133 0 88 ;
Q 1979-88 9
0 1 °3 8 '
-+
-*- ^^ i
-
" f ~^~ ~^~ 1
-'
t -
07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURN
Figure 13. --Variations in cone
MONUMENT CREEK FO
1980-88 100
D
1976-88 150 1971
It
1984-88C-1 i 1 i c
1977-fifi . ^ ^07 ^ " i I __ ̂
n b^rd I
07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 0710
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SUR
gure 14. --Variations in concentratio
-
700 07105500 07105530 07105905 07106500
'EY STATION NUMBER
Bntrations of suspended solids.
JNTAIN d
1£
1-88is
a3700 07
i/EY STA'
us of n
REEK
1981-88 90
0
1976-88
139 1O
1976-88 114 Q
76-88 139
8D !_._. *
D I i I
+ » n~r -y- y
Q1 05500 07105530 07105905 07106500
riON NUMBER
itrite plus nitrate as nitrog
36
20
15
cc
LU CO CL
10
MONUMENT CREEK
-
-
1984-8861
O
1976-88150
O
o_ 1980-88
n 0 991977-88 T W "
98 1 Q
^ * Ed
FOUNTAIN CREEK " \1976-88
1976-88139
O
108
1976-88138
D
*
1981-8888
O
Q1976-88 Q
OO_
8i
07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530 07105905 07106500
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STATION NUMBER
Figure 15. Variations in concentrations of total ammonia as nitrogen.
MONUMENT CREEK FOUNTAIN CREEK
1976-88 103
O0.4
Z LU
OCLU
< LU
0.3
0.2
Q=!LU ^N "^
Z O
D
Note: A value of 2.35 mg/L at station 07105530 is not plotted. 1976-88
119
O
0.1
1976-88 130
07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STATION NUMBER07105905 07106500
Figure 16.--Variations in concentrations of un-ionized ammonia as nitrogen.
37
40
30
20
10
O l
MONUMENT CREEK
-
_
1OO A OQ1 984-88
~ 56 1976-88
O " 1981-88o 90
1984-88 n g O
a E$3 F^p^ ^^07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905
FOUNTAIN CREEK 1976-8899O
O
-
D
D1976-88
99
1976-88 O100
O
S 1«JR1-««
n 87o
0
0 Q4
07103
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVFigure 17 .--Variations ir
ammonia plus orj
30
20
10
MONUMENT CREEK
1976-88
95
n 1981-88 1984-88 U 81
54
n * o1984-88 Q Q
32 D "
n i | i i | i I f l
07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905
FOU
1975
(
B
^
DB-88
T} ife i ^H
700 071<)5500 07105530 07105905 07106500
EY STATION NUMBER
i concentrations of total;anic nitrogen.
NTAIN CP EEK W \1976-8892
O 1976-88O 96O
O
1976-74
0
88
0 0
0
n 1981-8886
° Q 0
1976-88 H Q 86 Q
1J07 ID:
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SUR\
Figure 18. --Variations in concentrations
3 E=700 071
fEY STAT
of to1
t "-? ^ ^
05500 07105530 07105905 07106500
ON NUMBER
:al organic nitrogen as nitrogen
38
10
QCLU«-
-J 8QCLUQ_
iQC
Z
15OC A.
0Q_
OX Q__J
O
ft
MONUMENT CREEK
.
-
<
o_ i-
^ 1976-82 g 65 1980-82
1977-80 D n 2°
37 z 0 |Q c^3 ^^
FOUNTAIN CREEK1976-82'
32
1976-82 64
O
g1976-82 9
63
Q HH
/g 1976-8259 O
^
D
-
1981-8310
r
|
1
07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530 07105905
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STATION NUMBER
Figure 19. Variations in concentrations of total phosphorus.
07106500
150
ocLU OC Q_ LU0. h- OIJ
LU LU -I 0-
OC ^ LU < >OCooOOLU fC OC
100
50
MONUMENT CREEK 1980.88/ 95
1978-88 65 1984-88
56
B
1976-88 103
FOUNTAIN CREEK
1976-88 102
8o o
1977-88 100
BD
1976-88/ 43
1976-88 39
1981-S 20
B
07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530 07105905 07106500
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STATION NUMBER Figure 20. Variations in concentrations of total recoverable copper.
39
10,000
QCLUH-
ffi 1 - 000Q_
5
MICROGRA
izzoQC
OLU
J
O 10c/)C/)
O
1
: MONUMENT CREEK1976-88
81
FOUNTAIN CREEK :-
1976-88
O
-
1984-88 I Rfi
" 1984-8854
-
:-
-
:
-
\ <
3
k
o
197(8
1981-8878
OC
D
»
O
D
->
O
Q
c c
79
O-
i-88>
>)
)
)
*
-
O O
1976-85 1976-88 Q 40 17
B Q 0
Q 1981-82 -
D-^ -^ I -
___^k__
A.
«
|
-
07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530 07105905 07106500
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STATION NUMBER
Figure 21 .--Variations in concentrations of dissolved iron.
QC LUH:
QC LU Q_C/) 10,0002ooQCO
2
1,000
z oQC
LU
CD
QCLU
o 10°0LUQC
£O
10
: /O ^QI / 1980-88 /f
1976-88/ 95 Q /C110 0 Q /
w " 1976-88 Q U 109 c
1977-88 g CCO < b8 1984-88 C
; o *6 , _ , * cQ ~~* C n
)
)))
IQ y Dn ^S
: ^ 4
^'.
-~.
-
MONUMENT CREEK FOUf07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 071CK
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURV
Figure 22. Variations in concent
>
1976-88 105
^ U "^^ 1981-83 -O
1976-88
9 §'0
ITAIN CRII700 071
EY STATI
rations
39
8
*j t
1976-88 48
O
D
\>
20n :
|
\--
;
_
-
--_-
_EEK05500 07105530 07105905 07106500
ON NUMBER
Of total recoverable iron.
40
250
LU CC I LUco a.
Ooc OOLU Occoc
200
150
100
50
MONUMENT CREEK-O-
1976-88' 100
FOUNTAIN CREEK
1976-88 40
1976-88 102
O
1984-88 56
_ 1977-88 65
1980-88 95
O
O
n n
1976-88 102
1981-83 20
1976-85 36
D
07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STATION NUMBER07105905 07106500
Figure 23.--Variations in concentrations of total recoverable lead.
400
CC LUh- _J CCLU0_CO 300
OCC O
2Z 200LU"CO
z <Oz <^Q 100>0 CO COQ
MONUMENT CREEK FOUNTAIN CREEK1976-85
17
^l6/88 1976-85ol
1984-8856
O
O
40
D
O
D
D1981-88 1976-88
84 85^^
1984-88 0 n3D
n
T1OQ1 OO
81*
- MO
1 ' *
C:
1981-82 11
O
dp07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STATION NUMBER07105905 07106500
Figure 24. Variations in concentrations of dissolved manganese.
41
3,000
COLU
<QC 2^
^COOQ ^ «cccc
2,000
1,000
MONUMENT CREEK A. FOUNTAIN CREEK 197_6Q 83\1976-88
109 w
1984-88 1980-8856 95
° 1976-88 °110
O
1976-88104
O
O
O
1981-83 20
D
D
1976-87
8 : o 1
1977-88 U =68 P
I £ ; C
£n T | | i i A i i + i ' -" s*3 E
8 8 oO r L-in
1_ i -*- -^~S l==t^~i
n 07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905
U.S. GEOLOGICAL
Figure 25.--Variations in concentrations of total recoverable manganese
07103700 07105500 07105530
SURVEY STAJION NUMBER07105905 07106500
80
e 60 _! LU GC
Ot
UJujm°- <cooc^LU< > GCO m
40
? 5O
20
MONUMENT CREEK FOl
-
JNTAIN Cl =IEEKo\\1981-88
32
1981-8320
n -1981-88
32
1981-83 1981 23 24
£ £ 1981-83 D 0
3 3 23£ £ 0LU LU
O O
fr fr * E^ 3 i * DCO CO I ' I
3 3 E^3 1 ^
07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 0710
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SUR^
Figure 26. Variations in concentr*
-82
19
3
J700 07'
/EY STAT
itions
DD
31-8323
n * "" A. -+-
+
05500 07105530 07105905 07106500
ION NUMBER
of total recoverable nickel.
42
100
QC LU
^ 80
QC LU Q.CO
O QC O
LU CO
60
40
20
MONUMENT CREEK FOUNTAIN CREEK
Note: A value of 200 ug/L at station 07106500 is not plotted.
O1976-83
26
198A-83 Z3
1976-88 32
24
1976-88 32
1981-83 20
07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STATION NUMBER07105905
Figure 27.--Variations in concentrations of total selenium.
800
07106500
QC LU >O o
600
QC LU
IjQC LU Q_
QC O O QC O
400 O
N LU
00
200
MONUMENT CREEK FOUNTAIN CREEK
1976-88 107
1976-88 48
O
O
1980-88 94
1976-83 103
O
1976-88 39
O
O
1977-88 66
D D
1984-88 56
O
D
1976-88 102
O
O
O
1981-83 20
D
D
07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STATION NUMBER07105905 07106500
Figure 28. Variations in concentrations of total recoverable zinc
43
00
QZ< 60
LU CCO LU
S 13O DC>£
O </5_, «̂ 40O OCS LU ^
usCO
Q 20
in
MONUMENT CREEK FOUNTAIN CREEK
1976-88
128
nn
1976-8897
n1976-88 H
1980-88Q1 O I
1976-88 127 O
1977-88 1984-88 O79 44 | D
O |~+~] 1 [ j |
1976-123
O
J
38
125
O
8III
i
D3 5
>
u
1981-8875
nn
^
07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STATION NUMBER07105905 07106500
Figure 29.--Variations in 5-day biochemical oxygen demand.
100,000
LU
o 10,000_lo o cc
1,000
o o< 100
10
1984-85 16
MONUMENT CREEK
1984-35 16
1984-85^3 1984-85^615 16 18
D 198512
FOUNTAIN CREEK
07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 071037)0
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Figure 30. Variations in counts of total coliform bacteria.
0710ii500 07105530
STATION NUMBER07105905 07106500
IN COLONIES
RS
0 1 § §0 C
«j UJ 1,000
cc mH-1o-1<:>m o2°§Q: 100rr LUit 0__i00
UJ 10
1
E MONUMENT CREEK FOUNTAIN CREEK :
I 1980-88 C^ 1976-88 1976-88 - 53 105 97 1985-88 -
1976-88 r> O O 43 94 U O
~ ^ 1Q7fiRR 1976'88 9 "
E ° o 99 67 g :- 1977-88 P O O o Q H °- 82 82 8 3 ° - o B ° i B o -
o B p1985-88 Q T U -
44 O: O p :
O H i ' i ̂ ̂- | - -
on . ^H -^- *
__ Q * _-~
> ' ' . ' '
- > : :-
07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530 07105905
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STATION NUMBER
Figure 31. Variations in counts of fecal coliform bacteria.
07106500
1 UU,UUU
LU
Z O 10,000
doz
<(/)11 1 LU
O -I
CO -I
§10°
O rr 100 O LUO Q.
tLU DC
0) _ 1
5LU LJ_
1
E MONUMENT CREEK 1984-88 FOUNTAIN CREEK E49 1985-88 -
: o 43 ;1984-88 1984-88 O
1984-88 49 O
r 8 48 Q 9 - : O Q Q Q -
1985-88 P-, 198488 Q O -
48 54 H ____ P H -1985-88 Q n P T
-47 | ' | I i ' i -: n0
: A^-T-rT^T ;: :
^
^
-
-
07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STATION NUMBER07105905 07106500
Figure 32.--Variations in counts of fecal streptococcus bacteria.
45
Table
13. Trend-analysis re
sult
s of s
elec
ted water-quality pr
oper
ties
and
constituents fo
r wa
ter-
qual
ity
stat
ion
07103747 M
onument
Cree
k at P
almer La
ke
[fta/
s, cubic
feet
pe
r se
cond
; pS/c
m, mi
cros
ieme
ns per
centimeter at
25 de
gree
s Ce
lsiu
s; °C
, degree Ce
lsiu
s;
mg/L,
milligrams per
liter; pg/L,
micrograms per
lite
r; /1
00 mL
, colonies per
100
milliliters; , insufficient
data
; *, mo
dera
tely
si
gnif
ican
t tr
end,
th
e significance level
is le
ss th
an or
eq
ual
to 0.1
and
grea
ter
than 0.05;
**,
sign
ific
ant
tren
d, the
sign
ificance level
is less than or
eq
ual
to 0.
05 an
d greater
than 0.01;
***,
ve
ry
sign
ific
ant
trend, the
sign
ific
ance level
is le
ss than or
equal
to 0.
01]
Property or co
nsti
tuen
t
Inst
anta
neou
s st
ream
flow
Specific co
nduc
tanc
ePH Wa
ter
temp
erat
ure
Dissolved
oxygen
Dissolved
chlo
ride
Dissolved
sulf
ate
Un- ionized
ammo
nia ̂
a* nit
roge
nTo
tal
orga
nic
nitr
ogen
as
nitrogen
Total
reco
vera
ble
copper
Dissolved
iron
Total
reco
vera
ble
iron
Dissolved
mang
anes
eTo
tal
recoverable
manganese
5-day biochemical
oxygen demand
Fecal
stre
ptoc
occu
s2
Units
ft3/
spS/cm
stan
dard
°C
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
out/L
mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
pg/L
mg/L
/100
mL
Number
of
values
209
206 95 209 94 83 78
59
32 65 54 68 56 68 79 47
Number
of
censored
values 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 3 0 0 0
Peri
od
of
record
(wat
er ye
ar)
1977
-88
1977
-88
1977-88
1977
-88
1977-88
1977
-88
1977
-88
1977-88
1984
-88
1978-88
1984
-88
1977-88
1984
-88
1977
-88
1977
-88
1985-88
Number
of
years
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 5 11 5 12 5 12 12 4
Significance le
vel
Unad
just
ed
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.4036
0.3072
0.15
410.0103
0.2896
0.16
14
10. 12-0. 25
0.9340
0.5874
1.00
0.0626
0.9623
0.0100
Adju
sted
for
seri
al
correlation
0.0829
0.0244
0.04
970.4884
0.5638
0.40
350.
1377
0.5018
1Q. 14-0. 30
-_0.
7331
0.0258
0.97
87
Trend
slope
(units
per
year)
0.1*
-3** 0.05**
-0.0
30.
04
-0.0
56-0.1
(MUJOHt
-0.0
32
-0.1 0.0
10 0.0
1 0.0
-0.3***
1The significance level
rang
e re
sult
s from treating th
e censored values differently: equal
to the
dete
ctio
n limit,
equa
l to one-half the
detection
limi
t, an
d eq
ual
to zero.
Chan
ging
th
e treatment
of th
e censored values do
es no
t ch
ange
the
tren
d si
gnif
ican
ce.
2Trend sl
ope
is sl
ope
of logarithms.
Table
14.
Tren
d-an
alys
is re
sults
of s
elected wa
ter-
qual
ity pr
oper
ties
an
d constituents fo
r wa
ter-
qual
ity
station
0710
3780
Monument Cr
eek
above No
rth
Gate Boulevard a
t U.S. Ai
r Force
Academy
[ft3/
s, cubic
feet
per
second;
pS/c
m, microsiemens per
centimeter at
25
degrees
Celsius; °C,
degree Celsius;
mg/L,
milligrams pe
r liter; Mg/L
, micrograms per
lite
r; /100 mL,
colo
nies
per
100
milliliters; , insufficient
data
; *, mo
dera
tely
si
gnif
ican
t trend, th
e significance le
vel
is less than or
equal
to 0.1
and
greater
than 0.05;
**,
sign
ific
ant
tren
d, the
significance le
vel
is less than or
eq
ual
to 0.
05 an
d gr
eate
r than 0.01;
***,
ve
ry
sign
ific
ant
tren
d, the
significance level
is le
ss than or
eq
ual
to 0.
01]
Prop
erty
or co
nsti
tuen
t
Inst
anta
neou
s streamflow
Spec
ific
co
nduc
tanc
ePH Wa
ter
temp
erat
ure
Dissolved
oxyg
en
Dissolved
chlo
ride
Diss
olve
d sulfate
Susp
ende
d so
lids
Nitr
ite
plus
ni
trat
e as
ni
trog
enTo
tal
ammonia
as ni
trog
en
Un- io
nize
d ammonia
as nitrogen
Tota
l ammonia
plus
or
gani
cni
trog
enTo
tal
orga
nic
nitr
ogen
as
nitr
ogen
Tota
l re
cove
rabl
e co
pper
Dissolved
iron
Tota
l re
cove
rabl
e ir
onDissolved
manganese
Tota
l re
cove
rabl
e manganese
5 -day bi
oche
mica
l ox
ygen
de
mand
Fecal
coli
form
1Fe
cal
stre
ptoc
occu
s1
Unit
s
ft3/
spS/cm
stan
dard
°C
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
M8/L
M8/L
M8/L
M8/L
M8/L
mg/L
/100
mL
/100 mL
Number
of
values
93 87 58 88 59 61 56 56 61 61 55 56 / 54 56 56 56 56 56 44 44 47
Numb
er
of
cens
ored
values 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 0
Period
of
record
(wat
er year).
1984
-88
1984
-88
1984
-88
1984
-88
1984
-88
1984
-88
1984
-88
1984
-88
1984
-88
1984
-88
1984
-88
1984
-88
1984
-88
1984
-88
1984-88
1984
-88
1984
-88
1984
-88
1984
-88
1985
-88
1985
-88
Numb
er
of
years 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4
Significance level
Trend
Unadjusted
0.0002
0.0002
0.0015
0.0708
0.0906
0.0002
0 . 043
00.0053
0.01
370.
5869
0.0025
0.13
47
0.0296
0.5676
0.4306
0.0303
0.5223
0.8735
0.09
590.7173
0.63
97
Adju
sted
sl
ope
for
seri
al
(units
corr
elat
ion
per
year
)
_3**
*11
***
0.1***
0.5*
-0.2
*
1.2*
**1.
0**
«"7***
0.058**
0.014
0.0022***
0.10
0.11**
0.0
-3
-180** 0.0
0.0
0.3*
-0.06
-0.09
1Trend slope
is sl
ope
of logarithms.
Tabl
e 15
. Tr
end-
anal
ysis
result
s of
selected water-quality properties
and
constituents fo
r wa
ter-
qual
ity
stat
ion
07104000 Mon
umen
t Creek
at P
ikev
iew
[ft3/s,
cubic
feet
per
second;
pS/c
m, mi
croS
ieme
ns pe
r ce
ntim
eter
at
25 de
gree
s Cels
ius;
°C,
degree Ce
lsiu
s;mg
/L,
milligrams per
lite
r; |J
g/L,
micrograms per
liter; /100 ml,
colo
nies
per
100
milliliters; , insufficient
data;
*, moderately si
gnif
ican
t tr
end,
th
e significance le
vel
is le
ss than or
eq
ual
to 0.1
and
greater
than 0.
05;
**,
significant
trend, the
significance level
is le
ss than or
equal
to 0.
05 an
d gr
eate
r than 0.
01;
***, very
sign
ific
ant
trend, the
significance level
is less than or
equal
to 0.
01]
Property or co
nsti
tuen
t
Inst
anta
neou
s st
ream
flow
Spec
ific
co
nduc
tanc
ePH Wa
ter
temp
erat
ure
Dissolved
oxygen
Dissolved
chlo
ride
Dissolved
sulfate
Su
spen
ded
soli
ds
Nitr
ite
plus nitrate
as nitrogen
Un-ionized am
moni
a as nitrogen
Tota
l ai
iuio
iiia
pl
us organic
nitrogen
Tota
l organic
nitr
ogen
as
nitrogen
Tota
l phosphorus
Tota
l recoverable
copper
Tota
l recoverable
iron
Tota
l recoverable
mang
anes
eTo
tal
reco
vera
ble
nick
elTo
tal
selenium
Tota
l recoverable
zinc
5-da
y bi
oche
mica
l oxygen demand
Feca
l st
rept
ococ
cus2
Unit
s
ft3/s
jjS/
cmst
anda
rd°C
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
«g/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
mg/L
/100 mL
Numb
er
of
values
249
243
147
244
146
104 99
^36
150
124
99
95 65 103
110
110 23 26 107
127 48
Numb
er
of
censored
values 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3
*J 0 0
o
0 1 2 0 0 2 2 4 0 0
Period
of
reco
rd
(wat
er y
ear)
1976-88
1976-88
1976-88
1976
-88
1976-88
1977
-88
1977-88
W7-8B
1976-88
1976-88
19
76-88
1976-88
1976-82
1976-88
1976
-88
1976-88
1981
-83
1976
-83
1976
-88
1976
-88
1985-88
Number
of
year
s
13 13 13 13 13 12 12 i f\
12
13 13 13
13 7 13 13 13 3 8 13 13 4
Sign
ific
ance
le
vel
Unad
just
ed
0.00
000.
0194
0 . 0000
0.21
480.
0312
0.00
050.
1322
Ov06
6i
0.00
00
0.00
00 0.
5618
0.72
56
0.72
92
1.00
0.00
000.
0071
0.11
3810
. 24
-0. 31
10. 51
-0. 72
0.00
020.
0682
Adju
sted
for
seri
al
correlation
0.00
630.
2986
0.02
360.
4495
0.25
36
0.1280
0.48
30frr020t
0.00
22
0.00
350.
7311
0.83
39
--
1.00
0.01
230.
0780
-- --
10. 69-0. 83
0.06
38--
Trend
slop
e (units
per
year
)
l.g*
**4 0.05
**0.04
0.05
0.4
0.6
1
'Z-f
rk
13""
0.081***
0 . 00020***
0.00
18
-0.0
029
0.00
25
0.0
270*
*5* 2 0.
0
0.0
0.1*
-0.0
7*
1The
si
gnificance le
vel
rang
e results
from tr
eati
ng th
e ce
nsor
ed v
alues
differently:
equa
l to
the
detection
limit,
equa
l to
on
e-ha
lf th
e de
tect
ion
limi
t, an
d eq
ual
to ze
ro.
Chan
ging
the
treatment
of the
censored va
lues
do
es no
t ch
ange
th
e trend
significance.
2Tre
nd sl
ope
is sl
ope
of lo
gari
thms
.
Table
16. Trend-analysis resu
lts
of se
lect
ed wat
er-q
uali
ty properties
and
constituents for water-quality
stat
ion
0720
4905
Monument Creek
at B
ijou S
tree
t at
Colorado
Spri
ngs
[ft3/s, cu
bic
feet
per
second;
uS/cm, mi
cros
ieme
ns pe
r centimeter at 25 degrees
Cels
ius;
°C
, de
gree
Ce
lsiu
s;
mg/L
, milligrams pe
r li
ter;
Mg
/L,
micrograms pe
r liter; /1
00 mL,
colonies pe
r 100 mi
llil
iter
s; , insufficient
data
; *, mo
dera
tely
significant
trend, the
sign
ific
ance
le
vel
is less than or equa
l to 0.1
and
grea
ter
than 0.05;
**,
significant
tren
d, th
e si
gnific
ance
level
is le
ss than or
equal
to 0.05 an
d gr
eate
r th
an 0.
01;
***, ve
ry
significant
tren
d, th
e si
gnif
icance
level
is le
ss than or eq
ual
to 0.01]
Prop
erty or
constituent
Inst
anta
neous
streamflow
Spec
ific co
nduc
tanc
epH Water
temp
erat
ure
Dissolved
oxyg
en
Dissolved
chlo
ride
Dissolved
sulf
ate
Suspended
solids
Nitr
ite
plus
nitrate
as ni
trog
en
Un-ionized
ammonia
as ni
trog
enTotal
ammonia
plus organic
Units
ft3/s
MS/ cm
stan
dard
°C
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Numb
erof
va
lues
100
100 95 100 98 69 69 99 100 84 90
Numb
erof
censored
valu
es 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Peri
odof
reco
rd
(wat
er ye
ar)
1980-88
1980
-88
1980-88
1980-88
1980-88
1983
-88
1983-88
1980-88
1980-88
1980-88
1981-88
Numb
erof
years 9 9 9 9 9 6 6 9 9 9 8
Significance le
vel
Unad
just
ed
0.0465
0.05
470
. 000
00.
3492
0.19
71
0.00
000.
0000
0.1605
0.00
00
0.0305
0.00
75
Adju
sted
for
seri
al
corr
elat
ion
-- -- --
Tren
dsl
ope
(units
per
year
)
1.4*
*11* 0.05***
0.00
-0.0
8
1 %6***
10**
*-12 0.
19***
0.00025**
-0.075***
nitrog
enTotal
organic
nitr
ogen
as
nitr
ogen
ng/L
811981-88
0.01
41-0
.067
**
Total
Tota
l
Total
Tota
lTo
tal
Total
Tota
lTotal
5 -day
Fecal
Fecal
phosphorus
recoverable
recoverable
recoverable
recoverable
recoverable
selenium
recoverable
biochemical
coli
form
2
copper
iron
lead
manganese
nickel
zinc
oxyg
en demand
stre
ptoc
occu
s2
mg/L
M8/L
M8/L
Mg/L
M8/L
M8/L
Mg/L
M8/L
mg/L
/100
mL
/100
mL
20 95 95 95 95 23 23 94 81 53 49
0 0 1 9 0 0 0 1 0 4 1
1980-82
1980-88
1980-88
1980-88
1980-88
1981-83
1981
-83
1980-88
1980-88
1980-88
1984-88
3 9 9 9 9 3 3 9 9 9 5
1 0 0
.0000
.008
0
.281
8*0
. 33-0. 74
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
.773
3.1
138
.751
8.1
142
.022
3.3637
.1839
0 -0
-180
.02
.6***
0.0 0.3
-0 2 -1 -2 -0 0 -0
.7 .26*
*.04
.08
1The
si
gnif
ican
ce le
vel
rang
e re
sult
s fr
om treating the
censored va
lues
differ
ently:
equa
l to the
detection
limit,
equa
l to on
e-ha
lf th
e detection
limit, an
d eq
ual
to zero.
Chan
ging
the
trea
tmen
t of the
cens
ored
values do
es not
chan
ge th
e tr
end
significance.
2Tre
nd sl
ope
is slope
of logarithms.
Table
17.
Tren
d-an
alys
is re
sult
s of
selected wa
ter-
qual
ity pr
oper
ties
an
d co
nsti
tuen
ts fo
r wa
ter-
qual
ity
station
07103700 F
ount
ain Cr
eek near Col
orad
o Sp
ring
s
[ft3/
s, cubi
c fe
et per
seco
nd;
pS/cm, mi
cros
ieme
ns pe
r centimeter at 25 de
gree
s Cels
ius; °C
, de
gree
Ce
lsiu
s;
mg/L,
milligrams per
lite
r; Mg
/L,
micrograms pe
r liter; /100 mL,
colonies pe
r 100 mi
llil
iter
s; , in
suff
icie
nt
data;
*, moderately significant
tren
d, th
e si
gnif
ican
ce le
vel
is le
ss th
an or
eq
ual
to 0.1
and
grea
ter
than
0.05;
**,
significant
tren
d, the
sign
ific
ance
le
vel
is less than or equal
to 0.05 an
d gr
eater
than 0.01;
***,
very
significant
trend, th
e si
gnif
icance
level
is le
ss th
an or
eq
ual
to 0.
01]
Property or constituent
Inst
anta
neous
streamflow
Spec
ific
co
nduc
tanc
ePH Wa
ter
temperature
Dissolved
oxyg
en
Dissolved
chloride
Dissolved
sulfate
Suspended
solids
______ Nitr
ite
plus
nitrate
as ni
trog
en
Un-ionized
am
moni
a as ni
trog
en
Tota
l am
monia
plus organic
nitr
ogen
To
tal
organic
nitr
ogen
as
nitr
ogen
Total
phosphorus
Tota
l recoverable
copper
Dissolved
iron
Total
recoverable
iron
Dissolved
manganese
Tota
l reco
verable
mang
anes
eTotal
recoverable
zinc
5-da
y bi
oche
mica
l oxygen demand
Feca
l co
lifo
rm2
Fecal
stre
ptoc
occu
s2
Unit
s
ft3/s
pS/c
mst
anda
rdCC
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
iHO /T.
HBg/^tr
ng/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
M8/L
M8/L
M8/L
Mg/L
M8/L
M8/L
mg/L
/100 mL
/100
mL
Numb
er
of
valu
es
267
259
140
262
145
103 98 134
^48
104
100 74 63 102 82 109 85 109
102
123
105 54
Numb
er
of
cens
ored
va
lues 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
0
0 9 0 6 3 5 0 0 0 7 0 1 0
Peri
od
of
reco
rd
(wat
er y
ear)
1976-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976-88
1976
-88
1977-88
1977-88
1977-88
W6-««
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976-88
1976-82
1976
-88
1976-88
1976-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976-88
1976-88
1976-88
1984
-88
Numb
er
of
years
13 13 13 13 13 12 12 12
J3
13 13 13 7 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 5
Significance level
Unadjusted
0.0000
0 . 0000
0.00
470.0029
0.0008
0.72
210.
1433
0.54
0.1474
0.0730
0.00
04
0.38
75
10. 38
-0. 42
0.0038
0.7499
0.69
260.
9646
0.4737
0.00
05
0.52
2210
. 007-0. 008
0.2193
Adju
sted
for
seri
al
corr
elat
ion
0.0484
0.05
780.1645
0.06
350.
0898
0.8579
0.4479
0.66
0.4554
0.1806
0.08
0.52
42
0.0672
0.79
030.
8061
0.97
260.
6686
0.05
3
0.6958
0.06
Trend
slop
e (u
nits
per
year
)
0.5**
-7* 0.02
-0.2
*0.08*
0.00
-0.2
20.33
0.0040
0.000021
-0.0
5*
-0.0
18
J0. 0010-0. 0030
-0.3
*
0.0
13 0.0
0.0
1-2.
0 2.5*
-0.009
-0.0
4**
-0.08
1The si
gnif
ican
ce level
range
resu
lts
from
tr
eati
ng the
cens
ored
va
lues
di
ffer
entl
y: eq
ual
to the
detection
limit,
equal
to one-half th
e detection
limit, an
d eq
ual
to ze
ro.
Changing the
trea
tmen
t of
the
censored va
lues
do
es not
chan
ge the
trend
sign
ific
ance
.2Trend
sl
ope
is slope
of loga
rithms.
Tabl
e 18
. Tr
end-
anal
ysis
result
s of se
lect
ed w
ater-quality p
roperties
and
cons
titu
ents
for wa
ter-
qual
ity
stat
ion
0710
5500
Fountain
Creek
at C
olor
ado
Spri
ngs
[ft3/s, cu
bic
feet
pe
r se
cond
; |J
S/cra, mi
cros
ieme
ns pe
r centimeter at 25 degrees
Celsiu
s; °C
, de
gree
Ce
lsiu
s;mg/L,
milligrams per
lite
r; Mg
/L,
micrograms pe
r liter; /1
00 mL,
colonies pe
r 100
milliliters; --,
insufficient
data;
*, mo
dera
tely
si
gnif
ican
t trend, the
sign
ific
ance
level
is less than or eq
ual
to 0.1
and
grea
ter
than 0.
05;
**,
significant
tren
d, th
e si
gnific
ance
le
vel
is le
ss th
an or equal
to 0.
05 an
d gr
eate
r th
an 0.01;
***,
ve
ry
signific
ant
tren
d, th
e si
gnif
icance
level
is less than or equal
to 0.01]
Prop
erty or
constituent
Inst
anta
neous
streamflow
Spec
ific
co
nduc
tanc
epH Wa
ter
temperature
Dissolved
oxyg
en
Diss
olve
d chloride
Dissolved
sulf
ate
Suspended
solids
Nitr
ite
plus
nitrate
as ni
trog
en
Un-i
oniz
ed am
moni
a as ni
trog
enTo
tal
ammoni
a plus organic
nitrogen
Tota
l or
ganic
nitrogen as
nitr
ogen
Tota
l phosph
orus
Total
recoverable
copper
Total
recove
rabl
e ir
onDi
ssol
ved ma
ngan
ese
Tota
l recove
rabl
e ma
ngan
ese
Total
recove
rabl
e nickel
Tota
l selenium
Tota
l recoverable
zinc
5-da
y bioc
hemical
oxygen de
mand
Fecal
coli
form
1Fecal
stre
ptoc
occu
s1
Units
ft3/
s|j
S/cm
stan
dard
°C
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
mg/L
/100 mL
/100
mL
Numb
er
of
valu
es
306
283
139
285
141
110 98 133
139
119 97 86 64 100
105 81 104 23 24 103
125 99 48
Numb
er
of
cens
ored
va
lues 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 4 0 1 1 0 0 3 0
Peri
od
of
reco
rd
(water ye
ar)
1976-88
1976-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976-88
1977
-88
1977-88
1977-88
1976
-88
1976-88
1976-88
1976
-88
1976
-82
1977
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976-88
1981-83
1976-83
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1984-88
Numb
er
of
years
13 13 13 13 13 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 7 12 13 13 13 3 8 13 13 13 5
Significance level
Unadjusted
0.0000
0.00
000.
0000
0 . 400
40.
1040
0.1482
0.4859
0.9263
0.00
24
0 . 022
20.0001
0.1694
0.12
32
0.00
160.
8803
0.0019
0.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.00
000.
0000
0.97
080.
0395
Adju
sted
for
seri
al
corr
elat
ion
0.02
090.0413
0.02
480.6668
0.4473
0.5249
0.76
670.
9285
0.2278
0.2590
0.0162
0.23
73
--
0.0453
0.88
800.
0556
0.00
39
0.0070
0.0256
0.9780
--
Trend
slop
e (units
per
year
)
2.3*
*-2
0**
0.04
**-0
.06
0.04
-0.4
2-1
.9 0.5
0.04
2
-0.0
0014
-0.0
83**
-0.040
-0.050
-0.5
**0.9
-5*
-K)***
0.0
0.0
R *£
"£"&
-0.2
**
-0.002
-0.1**
1Trend slope
is sl
ope
of logarithms.
Table
19. Trend-analysis result
s of
se
lect
ed wat
er-q
uali
ty properties
and
cons
tituents for wa
ter-
qual
ity
stat
ion
0710
5530
Fou
ntai
n Creek below Janitell
Road
below Colorado
Springs
[ft3/
s, cu
bic
feet per se
cond
; uS
/cm,
microsiemens per centimeter at
25
degrees Celsius; °C,
degree Ce
lsiu
s;mg
/L,
milligrams per liter; Mg
/L,
micrograms per liter; /1
00 ml,
colonies per 10
0 milliliters; , insufficient
data
; *, moderately significant tr
end,
the
significance level
is less than or
eq
ual
to 0.
1 an
d greater than 0.
05;
**,
significant tr
end,
th
e significance le
vel
is less than or
equal
to 0.
05 an
d greater than 0.
01;
***,
very
significant tr
end,
th
e significance level
is less than or
equal to
0.01]
Property or
constituent
Inst
anta
neous
stre
amfl
owSp
ecif
ic conductance
pH Water
temper
atur
eDissolved
oxyg
enHa
rdne
ss as calcium
carbonate
Dissolved
calcium
Dissolved
magnesium
Dissolved
chlo
ride
Suspended
solids
Nitrite
plus nitrate
as ni
trog
enTotal
ammonia
as ni
trog
enUn-ionized am
moni
a as ni
trog
enTo
tal
ammoni
a plus organic
nitrogen
Total
organic
nitr
ogen
as
nitrogen
Total
phosph
orus
Total
recoverable
copper
Dissolved
iron
Total
recoverable
iron
Dissolved
manganese
Tota
l recoverable
mang
anes
eTotal
recoverable
nickel
Tota
l se
lenium
Tota
l recoverable
zinc
5-day
bioc
hemi
cal
oxyg
en d
eman
dFecal
coliform
1Fe
cal
stre
ptoc
occu
s1
Units
ft3/s
MS/cm
standard
°C
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
nut/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
mg/L
/I 00
ml/100 mL
Numb
er
of
valu
es
116
116
112
116
115 40 40 40 37 103
114
108
103 99 92 32 39 40 39 40 31 32 32 39 97 67 49
Numb
er
of
cens
ored
va
lues 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
0 2 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 3 0
Peri
od
of
reco
rd
(wat
er y
ear)
1976-88
1976-88
1976
-88
1976-88
1976-88
1976
-85
1976
-85
1976
-85
1981
-85
19
79-8
8
1976-88
1976
-88
1976-88
1976-88
1976-88
1976
-82
1976
-88
1976-85
1976-88
1976
-85
1976
-87
1981
-88
1976-88
1976
-88
1976-88
1976-88
1984
-88
Numb
er
of
years
13 13 13 13 13 10 10 10 5 10
13 13 13 13
13 7 13 10 13 10 12 8 13 13 13 13 5
Significance level
Unad
just
ed
0.00
040.
6520
0.0000
0.2801
0.10
140.0778
0.2004
0.03
390.0642
0.
9481
0.00
030.4104
0.0000
0.0447
0.00
68
0.37
680.
0564
0.52
540.0187
0.02
120.0756
0.02
930.4772
0.1131
0.40
7520
. 03
-0. 05
0.26
31
Adju
sted
for
seri
al
corr
elat
ion
0.08
320.
8321
0.0207
0.57
910.3838
0.2362
0.34
970.
1745
0.
9616
0.10
010.
6749
0.01
620.
4075
0.09
70
0.
1809
0.4253
0.10
060.
2239
0.09
10
0.33
200.
0382
0.61
980.10 --
Trend
slop
e (u
nits
per
year)
4.5*
2 0.05**
-0.1 0.06
-5 -0.5
-0.6
-5.0
* -0.1
0.06
80.
100.
0090
**-0
.50
-0.17*
-0.2
4-0
.9-1
-250 -23
-14* -1** 0.1
-3**
-0.2 0.08
*-0.1
1Trend slope
is slope
of logarithms.
2The significance level
range
resu
lts
from
treating th
e censored values differently:
equal
to th
e detection limit,
equa
l to one-half th
e detection limit, and
equa
l to
zero.
Changing the
treatment of
th
e censored values do
es no
t ch
ange
the
trend significance.
Ln U)
Tabl
e 20
. Tr
end-
anal
ysis
results
of s
elected water-quality properties an
d cons
tituents for water-quality
stat
ion
0710
5905 F
ountain
Creek
abov
e Little Fou
ntai
n Creek below Fo
unta
in
[ft3/
s, cu
bic
feet per
seco
nd;
jJS/
cm,
microsiemens per
centimeter at 25 degrees
Cels
ius;
°C
, degree Celsius;
mg/L,
milligrams per
liter; M8
/L,
micrograms per
lite
r; /100 mL,
colo
nies
per
100
milliliters; , insufficient
data
; *,
mo
dera
tely
si
gnif
ican
t tr
end,
th
e significance level
is less than or
eq
ual
to 0.1
and
greater
than 0.05;
**,
sign
ific
ant
trend, the
sign
ificance le
vel
is le
ss than or
eq
ual
to 0.05 an
d greater
than 0.01;
***, very
sign
ific
ant
trend, the
sign
ific
ance le
vel
is less than or
eq
ual
to 0.01]
Prop
erty
or constituent
Instantaneous
streamflow
Spec
ific
co
nduc
tanc
epH Water
temp
erat
ure
Diss
olve
d oxygen
Dissolved
chlo
ride
Diss
olve
d su
lfat
eSuspended
soli
dsNi
trit
e plus nitrate
as nitrogen
Total
ammonia
as nitrogen
Un-i
oniz
ed ammonia
as ni
trog
enTo
tal
ammo
nia
plus organic
nitr
ogen
Tota
l or
gani
c nitrogen as
nitr
ogen
Tota
l phosphorus
Total
reco
vera
ble
copp
erTo
tal
reco
vera
ble
iron
Tota
l re
cove
rabl
e manganese
Total
reco
vera
ble
nick
elTo
tal
selenium
Tota
l re
cove
rabl
e zi
nc5-day bi
oche
mica
l oxygen demand
Fecal
coliform
1Fecal
stre
ptoc
occu
s1
Unit
s
ft3/
sjjS/cm
standard
°C
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Mg/L
M8/L
M8/L
M8/L
M8/L
M8/L
mg/L
/100 mL
/100
mL
Number
of
values
142
141
135
140
135 32 32 130
139
138
130 99 96 59 43 48 39 32 32 48 128 97 51
Numb
er
of
cens
ored
values 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
Period
of
reco
rd
(wat
er year)
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1977-85
1977-85
1977
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976-88
1976-82
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976-83
1981
-88
1976-88
1976
-88
1976
-88
1976-88
1984
-88
Numb
er
of
year
s
13 13 13 13 13 9 9 12 13 13 13 13 13 7 13 13 8 8 13 13 13 13 5
Significance level
Unadjusted
0.0000
0.0000
0.00
000.
0518
0.4236
0.85
971.
0000
0.79
410.
0001
0.00
39
0.2856
0.00
11
0.1494
0.1870
0.08
171.
0000
0.83
510.0786
0.4772
1 . 000
00.
2185
0.00
000.
0634
Adju
sted
for
seri
al
corr
elat
ion
0.0103
0.0340
0.0735
0.1103
0.63
51
-- 0.8294
0.0234
0.07
91
0.5830
0.0666
0.29
07
--
0.1092
1.00
00
0.6180
1.00
000.2845
0.0106
--
Trend
slope
(units
per
year
)
5.2**
-30*
*0.03*
0.2
-0.02
4.5
5.0
-0.5 0.083**
-0.052*
0.00033
-0.20*
-0.06
-0.1
5
-0.8
40 -1 -1*
-0.0
8
0.0
-0.3
-0.09***
-0.1
*
1Trend sl
ope
is slope
of logarithms.
t-n
Tabl
e 21. Trend-analysis results
of s
elected wa
ter-
qual
ity properties and
constituents fo
r wa
ter-
qual
ity
stat
ion
07106500 F
ount
ain
Creek
at P
ueblo
[ft3/
s, cu
bic
feet
per
second;
pS/cm, microSiemens per
cent
imet
er at 25
de
gree
s Ce
lsiu
s; °C,
degree Ce
lsiu
s;
mg/L,
milligrams per
liter; pg/L,
micr
ogra
ms per
lite
r; /100 mL,
colo
nies
per
100
milliliters; , insufficient
data
; *,
mo
dera
tely
si
gnif
ican
t tren
d, the
significance le
vel
is less than or
eq
ual
to 0.1
and
greater
than 0.
05;
**,
sign
ific
ant
trend, th
e significance level
is le
ss than or
equal
to 0.
05 and
grea
ter
than 0.01;
***,
very
sign
ific
ant
tren
d, the
significance le
vel
is less than or
eq
ual
to 0.
01]
Prop
erty
or co
nsti
tuen
t
Instantaneou
s st
ream
flow
Specific co
nduc
tanc
epH Water
temp
erat
ure
Dissolved
oxygen
Susp
ende
d so
lids
Nitrite
plus ni
trat
e as
nitrogen
m -A. ̂ "
I AMMMfcAA *A
*! "»***
ioi3
J. un
Hnon
ia as ni
trog
enUn
-ion
ized
ammonia
as nitrogen
Tota
l am
moni
a plus organic
nitr
ogen
Tota
l or
gani
c ni
trog
en as
nitrogen
Tota
l re
cove
rabl
e copper
Tota
l re
cove
rabl
e ir
onTo
tal
reco
vera
ble
lead
Tota
l recoverable
manganese
Tota
l re
cove
rabl
e nickel
Tota
l selenium
Tota
l recoverable
zinc
5-day
bioc
hemi
cal
oxygen demand
Feca
l coliform
1Fe
cal
strept
ococcus
1
Units
ft3/s
pS/cm
standard
°C
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ng/t
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
Mg/L
mg/L
/100 mL
/100 mL
Number
of
values
266
265 89 225 92 88 90 00
oo 84 87 86 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 75 43 43
Numb
er
of
censored
values 0 0 0 0 0 0 I
1
0 I 0 0 0 I 0 0 0 0 0 4 I
Period
of
reco
rd
(wat
er ye
ar)
1976-88
1976-88
1981-88
1976-88
1981-88
1981-88
1981-88
1 QR1 ftfi
1701 OO
1981-88
1981-88
1981-88
1981-83
1981-83
1981-83
1981-83
1981-83
1981-83
1981-83
1981-88
1985-88
1985-88
Numb
er
of
year
s
13 13 8 13 8 8 8 8 8 8 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 8 4 4
Significance level
Unad
just
ed
0.0000
0.00
000.
0000
0.15
550.
0012
0.02
210.
0002
0.
1127
0.05
530.
0929
0.13
51
0.2888
0.28
880.
1306
0.07
71
0.28
880.
4497
0.07
710.0004
0.73
940.
4996
Adju
sted
fo
r serial
corr
elat
ion
0.0216
0.0119
0.1739
-- -- -- --7
-- -- --
Trend
slope
(units
per
year
)
6.0**
-61**
0.07***
-0.2 0.2***
-26*
*0.22***
-0.0
050
0.00020*
-0.0
75*
-0.0
57
10,8
00 5180* 6 -6 35*
-0.6
***
-0.1
-0.0
6
1Trend slope
is sl
ope
of logarithms.
CO
I- o0_ OLU *- DC DC I LUco Q:
»v8
DATA POINT
- SMOOTH LINE-- An estimate of the weighted moving average
TREND LINE-The linear change for the period of record
1985 1986 1987
WATER YEAR1988
Figure 33.--Fecal streptococcus bacteria at water-quality station 07103747 Monument Creek at Palmer Lake.
300
LLO
<LU 200 LU CO
OLULU LL
^CQ 100
!§
DATA POINT
SMOOTH LINE- An estimate of the weighted moving average
TREND LINE-The linear change for the period of record
1984 1985 1986
WATER YEAR
1987 1988
Figure 34. Trend of instantaneous streamflow at water-quality station 07103780 Monument Creek above North Gate Boulevard at U.S. Air Force Academy.
55
600
COQ 500
n^ COK LJJ
^LJJ 400
LJJ?
O OC 300 01-
§10|-
LJJ 200
100
I DATA POINT
- SMOOTH LINE-- An estimate of the weighted moving average
TREND LINE-The linear change for the period of record
1984
Figure 35.--Trend of specific conductance Monument Creek above North Gate
10.0
9.5
9.0
COK^o ccg 8.5
CO
-. 8-0
Q.
7.5
7.0
1988
at water-quality station 07103780 Boulevard at U.S. Air Force Academy.
1984 1985
Figure 36. Trend of pH at water- above North Gate Boulevard
DATA POINT
- SMOOTH LINE-- An estimate of the weighted moving average
TREND LINE--The linear change for the period of record
1987 19881986
WATER YEAR
quality station 07103780 Monument Creek at U.S. Air Force Academy.
56
a 3°H _lCC 111 O.CO2CCO 20_l_l 2 Z
LUQCCg 10iOQ111
OCOCOQ o -
I I
DATA POINT
. SMOOTH LINE-- An estimate of the weighted moving average
....... TREND LINE-The linear changefor the period of record
-
-
.
_ _-_ * 0^ ̂ */^^^x....^^.^/ .....- :s<^r 9
--V * .
i i1984 1985 1986
i i
4i
s~\& / X
7 ^*T\/.........- \" * -\^--
» _
I I1987 1988
WATER YEAR
Figure 37. Trend of dissolved chloride atMonument Creek above North Gate Boulevard
cc 40°LU
inCC LU Q.CO 3002
CCo J
z 200
co"Q
8Q 100LUQZLU0.CO
CO o '
i i
-
-
: .r
^^^^^^^^^^^w ^^ A
.. .7^.. .....^xfTT^Nw* % *
r , ji. .. " "^1984 1985 1986
water-quality station 07103780at U.S. Air Force Academy.
i i DATA POINT
SMOOTH LINE- An estimate of the weighted moving average
....... TREND LINE-The linear change for the period of record
-
-
;
jS^n^^^^^TTT;
1987 1988
WATER YEARFigure 38. Trend of suspended solids at water-quality station 07103780 Monument Creek above North Gate Boulevard at U.S. Air Force Academy.
57
0.06
UJ 0.05
QCE
CO CC < UJ
0.04
0.03
d 0.02
zD
0.01
I DATA POINT
SMOOTH LINE- An estimate of the weighted moving average
1 TREND LINE-The linear change for the period of record
1984 1985
Figure 39. Trend of un-ionized ammonia 07103780 Monument Creek above North Giite
500
^" 400si20
S LJJ CO
CC rr 300
=? H Ouj
<O
200
100
1 1 1 1 DATA POINT
1986
WATER YEARas n
Bou
SMOOTH LINE- An estimate of the weighted moving average
TREND LINE-The linear change for the period of record
1987 1988
trogen at water-quality station evard at U.S. Air Force Academy.
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980
Figure 40. Trend of instantaneous 07104000 Monument
1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988
WATER Ystreamflow at water-quality station Creek it Pikeview.
58
zLJJ
LU LJJ Q_
b- 'DCK Z
i i i r» DATA POINT
SMOOTH LINE- An estimate of the weighted moving average
TREND LINE--The linear change for the period of record
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988
WATER YEAR
Figure 41. Trend of nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen at water-quality station 07104000 Monument Creek at Pikeview.
ZLU
0.04
0.03
0)QC< LU
0.02
zz 0.01 - o~
I I I I I DATA POINT
SMOOTH LINE- An estimate of the weighted moving average
TREND LINE-The linear change for the period of record
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988
WATER YEARFigure 42. Trend of un-ionized ammonia as nitrogen at water-quality
station 07104000 Monument Creek at Pikeview.
59
CO
I I DATA POINT
SMOOTH LINE-- An estimate of the weighted moving average
TREND LINE--The linear change for the period of record
Figure A3. Trend of pH at water-<at Bijou Street
cc soUJ
rrUJn.CO 5 60
Z 40
UJQ cr O
OQ UJ
_lOCO COQ
20
1988
station 07104905 Monument Creek Colorado Springs.
DATA POINT
SMOOTH LINE- An estimate of the weighted moving average
1 TREND LINE-The linear change for the period of record
1983 1984 19E5
Figure 44. Trend of dissolvedMonument Creek at Bijou
1987 19881986
WATER YEARchloride a\: water-quality station 07104905
Street at Colorado Springs.
60
cr 200LU
cr LUQ.
Jg 150
LU
C/DQ LU >
dC/Dc/2Q
100
50
DATA POINT
SMOOTH LINE-- An estimate of the weighted moving average
1 TREND LINE-The linear change for the period of record
1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988
WATER YEARFigure 45.--Trend of dissolved sulfate at water-quality station 07104905
Monument Creek at Bijou Street at Colorado Springs.
SMOOTH LINE- An estimate of the weighted moving average
TREND LINE-The linear change for the period of record
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988
WATER YEARFigure 46.--Trend of nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen at water-quality station
07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou Street at Colorado Springs.
61
LU OO
OLU
< OCOLUOC Q.Oco
o
<
I I DATA POINT
SMOOTH LINE-- An estimate of the weighted moving average
TREND LINE-The linear change for the period of record
1981 1982 1983
Figure 47.--Trend of total ammonia station 07104905 Monument Creek
160
of111 OC g-LU 120
OZ5
LULU
DCS LU < >OC
88 SgO
80
40
1984
WATER Y plus at Bijou
1985 1986 1987 1988
EARorganic nitrogen at water-quality
Street at Colorado Springs.
T I I
DATA POINT
- SMOOTH LINE- An estimate of the weighted moving average
TREND LINE-The linear change for the period of record
1980 1981 1982 1983
Figure 48. Trend of total07104905 Monument Creek at B
1984
WATER YEAR1985 1986 1987 1988
recoverable copper at water-quality station :Ljou Street at Colorado Springs.
62
2,500
LU
UJ 2,000zg otZ-1<trJJS£ 1-500
-105 < 2
cc a
H ~~ 500
H
rv
1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
9 DATA POINT
SMOOTH LINE-- An estimate of the weighted moving average
....... TREND LINE-The linear change for the period of record
-
:-
'- . ' ' -^^-^T^T^H^
-
-
-
-
.
-
-
K;
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988
WATER YEAR
Figure 49.--Trend of total recoverable manganese at water-quality station 07105500 Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs.
500
LU
300
200
100
1 I I I I I
DATA POINT
- SMOOTH LINE- An estimate of the weighted moving average
TREND LINE--The linear change for the period of record
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988
WATER YEARFigure 50. Trend of total recoverable zinc at water-quality station 07105500
Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs.
63
<DC
ODC< UJ 4OQ \-
-J O 3 OoO «-
_|OC < UJoQ- UJ</) 2LL. in g
T T
DATA POINT
SMOOTH LINE-- An estimate of the weighted moving average
TREND LINE-The linear change for the period of record
V.
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980
Figure 51. Trend of fecal 07105905 Fountain Creek above
Qrr
9.0
8.5
8.0
I Q.
7.5
7.0
I I T
DATA POINT
SMOOTH LINE-- An estimate of the weighted moving average
TREND LINE--The linear change for the period of record
1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988
Little
i i J___L
WATER YIEARcoliform bacteria at water-quality station
Fountain Creek below Fountain.
'
1981 1982 1983
Figure 52. Trend of pH at Fountain
1984
WATER YE-ARwater-i
atCreek
64
1985 1986 1987 1988
quality station 07106500 Pueblo.
20
DC LU Q.
£ 15
DC O
10
LU O
XOQ UJ
_l O CO COQ
DATA POINT
SMOOTH LINE- An estimate of the weighted moving average
TREND LINE--The linear change for the period of record
1981 1982 1983 1986 1987 19881984 1985
WATER YEAR
Figure 53. Trend of dissolved oxygen at water-quality station 07106500Fountain Creek at Pueblo.
15
10*« LU LU CLtw
Q. LU
DATA POINT
SMOOTH LINE-- An estimate of the weighted moving average
TREND LINE--The linear change for the period of record
1981 1982 1983 1986 1987 19881984 1985
WATER YEAR
Figure 54. Trend of nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen at water-quality station 07106500 Fountain Creek at Pueblo.
65
40
Q2
S£ 30
zbLU -IPec
20
0
^ 10
Qin
DATA POINT
SMOOTH LINE- An estimate of the weighted moving average
TREND LINE-The linear change for the period of record
1981 1982 1983 1986 1987 19881984 1985
WATER YEAR
Figure 55.--Trend of 5-day biochemical oxygen demand at water-quality station 07106500 Fountain Creek at Pueblo.
*u.s, iRNMEGOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1993-774-207^60047
66