Upload
dinhdang
View
352
Download
12
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Vowel sounds are classified in
terms of:
�Tongue height
�Tongue backness
�Lip rounding
�Tenseness
Vowels are classified in terms of how much space there is between the tongue and the roof of the mouth, which is determined by roof of the mouth, which is determined by the height of the tongue.
There are three primary height distinctions among vowels: high (close), low (open), and mid.
Vowels are classified in terms of how far the raised body of the tongue is from the back of the mouth, which is called the backness of the tongue.the backness of the tongue.
There are three primary height distinctions among vowels: front, back, and central.
ACCORDING TO TONGUE HEIGHT AND TONGUE
BACKNESS VOWELS CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO:
Another aspect of vowel classification is the presence or absence of lip rounding . Some vowels, such as the vowels/ʊ/and /ɒ/ are formed with a high degree of lip /ɒ/ are formed with a high degree of lip rounding.
Such vowels are called rounded vowels. Some vowels, such as /i/ and /ɜ:/, are formed without such rounding, and are called unrounded vowels.
This diagram displays the two
extreme lip postures and two
intermediate lip postures. The high
front cardinal vowel [i] has a very
spread lip posture. The high back
cardinal vowel [u] has a very tightly
rounded lip posture. The low front
cardinal vowel [a] has a spread lip
posture but this is a more neutral posture but this is a more neutral
posture than for [i] because the
lower jaw position for this vowel
causes the lips to be more open. The
half-open back cardinal vowel [ɔ] has a rounded lip posture but the
lips are more open then for [u]
because of the lower jaw position.
Another aspect of vowel classification is commonly characterized in terms of the classification is commonly characterized in terms of the tenseness or laxness of the articulators.
ENGLISH VOWEL Nº 1/ i:/
The front of the tongue is raised towards the hard palate. It is a FRONT vowel. The tongue is raised towards a close position, so it is a CLOSE vowel. The tongue is tense The lips are spread or neutral.
REGULARLY SPELT:
ee: tree, cheese, canteen e: complete, be, these ea: leaf, reason, seaie: piece, field, siegeie: piece, field, siegeey, ei: seize, key, receivei: machine, police, prestige, suite
NOTE: people
ENGLISH VOWEL Nº 2 /ɪ/
The front of the tongue is raised towards the hard palate. It is a FRONT vowel. The tongue height is near a half close position, so it is a half close vowel. The tongue is lax. The lips are spread.
REGULARLY SPELT:
i: fifth, rich, sit, with y: city, rhythm, symbole: pretty, needed, wicked, except. carelesscarelessie: ladies, cities, countriesa: village, private
NOTE: build, Sunday
ENGLISH VOWEL Nº 3 / e /
The front of the tongue is raised so, it is a FRONT vowel. The tongue height is between half close and half open. The tongue is lax.The lips are slightly spread.
REGULARLY SPELT:
e: bed, wet, went ea: breath, dead, heada: many, Thamesa: many, Thames
NOTE: says, said, bury, Geoffrey, Leicester, friend, ate, again.
ENGLISH VOWEL Nº 4 /æ/
The front of the tongue is raised so, it is a FRONT vowel. The height of the tongue is between half open and open. The tongue is lax.The lips are spread.
REGULARLY SPELT:
a: hand, lamp, macho, marry, rash, sat ai: plaid, plait ai: plaid, plait
ENGLISH VOWEL Nº 5 /ɑ:/
The back of the tongue is raised , so it is a BACK vowel. It is an OPEN vowel because the tongue is quite low down in the mouth. The tongue is tense.The lips are rounded.
REGULARLY SPELT: a: pass, charge, bath, tomato, father, branchar: part, car, marchear: heart, hearther: clerk. Derby, sergeanter: clerk. Derby, sergeantal: calm, palm, half au: aunt, laugh
NOTE: vase
ENGLISH VOWEL Nº 10 /ʌ/
The central part of the tongue is raised , so it is a central vowel.The height of the tongue is more open than half open. The tongue is lax.The lips are neutral .
REGULARLY SPELT: u: cut, drug, dull, sun, yuppieo: son, come, among, one, done, colour, monkey, mother, nothing, Monday, onionou: country, Southern, couple, enough, ou: country, Southern, couple, enough, young oo: blood, floodoe: does
ENGLISH VOWEL Nº 6 /ɒ/
The back of the tongue is raised , but is not fully back. The height of the tongue is between half open and open. The tongue is lax.The lips are slightly rounded.
REGULARLY SPELT:
o: dock, bonk, holiday, sorry, gonea: was, what, swan, want, watch, qualityou, ow: cough, trough, Gloucester, knowledgeknowledgeau: because, sausage, laurel, Austria, Australia, cauliflower
ENGLISH VOWEL Nº 7 /ɔ:/
The back of the tongue is raised , so it is back vowel. The height of the tongue is between half open and open. The tongue is tense.The lips are rounded.
REGULARLY SPELT: ar, or: war, quart, cord, horse, sword, born ore: before, more our: court, fouroar, oor: board, door, flooroar, oor: board, door, floorau, augh: fault, cause, daughtera: all, talk, salt, wateraw: saw, lawn, jaw, awesome ou: bought, oughtNote: broad
ENGLISH VOWEL Nº 8 /ʊ/
The back of the tongue is raised towards the soft palate, but it is not so fully back vowel. The height of the tongue is near a half open position. The tongue is lax.The lips are close rounded.
REGULARLY SPELT:
u: butcher , cellular, cushion, full, put, sugar oo: book, good, wood, woolo: bosom, wolf, woman o: bosom, wolf, woman ou: should, courier, could, would Note: Worcester
ENGLISH VOWEL Nº 9/u:/
The back of the tongue is raised towards the soft palate, so it is a back vowel. The height of the tongue is raised to a close position. The tongue is tense.The lips are close rounded.
REGULARLY SPELT:
u: rude , June, Susan, crucial, oo: food, soon, moon, spoono: do, who, move, lose ou: group, soup, throughou: group, soup, throughew: chew, flew, grew ueui blue, juice, shoe, clueoe
NOTE:
In many cases of the spelling u, ew, eu, ue, ui /u:/ is preceded by /j/:music, duke, neuter, few, argue, nuisance,beautybeauty
In some words both /u:/ and /ju:/ areheard: suit, enthusiasm
ENGLISH VOWEL Nº 11/ɜ:/
The central part of the tongue is raised, so it is a central vowel. The height of the tongue is between half open and half close.The tongue is tense.The lips are moderately rounded.
REGULARLY SPELT:
er, err: her , serve, err, crucial, ur, urr: turn, church, purr, nurseir, yr: bird, first, girl, myrtle w+o: word, world, worsew+o: word, world, worseear: earth, heardour: journey, courtesy, scourgeNOTE: colonel