9 th literatureVOCABULARY

Text: any arrangement of wordsGenre: category of literatureMajor Genre: prose, verse, dramaMinor Genre: specific subdivisions of

major genreNarrative: text that tells a story

8/27—LITERARY TERMS

Prose: text written in standard paragraph form

Verse: text not written in standard paragraph form

Drama: text meant to be performed

8/27 LITERARY TERMS

Plot: series of events that tell a story

Story Line: individual plot line (short stories usually have one, novels several)

Exposition: beginning of story, tells character, setting, mood

Central Conflict: basic problem of story

8/27--ELEMENTS OF PLOT

Rising Action: attempts to solve problem

Climax: solution to problem

Falling Action: events caused by solution

Resolution: reactions to climax

8/27--ELEMENTS OF PLOT

Conflict--when the desires of a character are blocked

Internal Conflict--conflict exists in the mind of a character (requires a decision to be made)

External Conflict--conflict exists outside of the mind (requires an action to be performed)

LIT DEVICES

Internal Conflict External Conflictperson vs. self person vs. person

person vs. society (machine)person vs. natureperson vs. supernatural

LIT DEVICES

Theme—general statement about life; may be positive or negative, never a single word, may or may not be desired.

allusion: a reference to something outside the text that the reader is expected to know. Common allusions are made to fairy tales, mythology, Shakespeare, popular culture, history, and the Bible

symbol: when something is itself and represents something else

main idea- summary of events in a story.

LIT DEVICES

characterization – strategies an author uses to give characters personality

 direct characterization- author tells the reader the

character’s personality

indirect characterization- author shows the reader the character’s personality

LIT DEVICES

Symbol Meaning (within the story) light shadow sleep café bodega

What is the theme of “A Clean, Well-Lighted Place?”

A CLEAN, WELL LIGHTED PLACE

Foreshadowing: the use of clues that suggest the outcome of situations in the narrative

Suspense: creating tension within the reader by promoting questions or a desire to know what will happen next.

Suspense is created by: 1. giving clues as to what will happen next

(Forshadowing, including setting) 2. withholding information 3. by supplying false information (irony).

LIT DEVICES, 9/5

Writing prompt: answer these two questions in a short answer each.

What could Fortunato do to change the situation in “Amontillado?”

What could Montressor do to change the situation in “Amontillado?”

THE CASK OF AMONTILLADO

Figures of Speech—Comparison between two unlike things not meant to be taken literally

Metaphor--figure of speech in which something is said to be something else; metaphors may be implied

Simile--figure of speech in which one thing is connected to another with phrases such as “like” or “as”

Personification--figure of speech where non-human things are given human qualities

Hyperbole--figure of speech that uses great exaggeration

LIT DEVICES, 9/9

accord: (noun) agreement; consensus (verb) to agree; to grant something

swathed: (verb) to wrap somebody or something completely

unaccountable: (adjective) not answerable; inexplicable

perturbation: (noun) being disturbed; cause of trouble

venerable: (adjective) worthy of respect; revered; ancient

countenance: (noun): face or expression; composure

THE MINISTER’S BLACK VEIL VOCAB

Connotation:An associated or

secondary meaning of a word or expression in addition to its explicit or primary meaning.

--emotional attachment

Denotation: Dictionary definition of a word.

9/25

Opening Question: In a short answer explain whether pretending to be someone you are not is or isn’t harmful.

THE MINISTER’S BLACK VEIL

Which word has a more positive connotation?

Ted’s Restaurant is furnished with (old, antique) furniture.

Mike’s (shabby, vintage) bike is black and gold.

A group of (loud, enthusiastic) students walk to school every day.

My parents argue (loudly, passionately) about politics over dinner.

9/25

1. She wanted to hide her feelings but she had a worried _____ that betrayed her emotions.

2. An unexpected test caused a _____ in the class with many students complaining.

3. Although records were kept, some of the funds were _____, which caused a shortage in the budget.

9/27 VOCAB

august (adj) dignified and splendiddiffident (adj) lacking self-confidence; reserved or

restrained acrid (adj) pungent; sourperpetuity (n) perpetual condition; eternitydeprecation (n) criticism inextricable (adj) impossible to escape from, to

disentangle; extremely complexarchaic (adj) outmoded; no longer in ordinary

language; ancientcircumvent (v) get around restriction; out wit

somebodytemerity (n) audacity; boldnessmacabre (adj) horribly gruesome

A ROSE FOR EMILY VOCABULARY

Main Character: principle participant in the storyMinor Character: maintains a limited role in the storyProtagonist: character that attempts to achieve or

change somethingAntagonist: character that attempts to stop someone

or somethingStatic Character: does not changeDynamic Character: changesFlat Character: limited in personality; stereotypeRound Character: well developed; many sides to

personality

9/16 VOCAB

scorn : :: praise : applaud infinity : sporadic :: : intermittentold : new :: : freshmerry : Christmas :: : Halloweenpungent : :: sweet : sugary

A ROSE FOR EMILY VOCAB

Answer each question using the short answer method:

In a short answer explain what type of person Emily is.  Be sure to include on quote for support.

In a short answer explain what type of character Emily is. Be sure to include on quote for support.

A ROSE FOR EMILY HOMEWORK, 9/16

 Point of View: the perspective a text is told from 1st Person: narrated by a character in the text 2nd Person: reader is in the text 3rd Person Limited: follows one character through the story 3rd Person Omniscient: follows all or most character 3rd Person Omnipotent: reveals thoughts of character 3rd Person Objective: narrates only what can be seen or

heard

LIT TERMS 10/2

Irony: When what "is" goes against expectations; three forms exist, used for plot development and meaning.

Verbal Irony: When what is said is either opposite of what is or is the opposite of its meaning

Situational Irony: when an event occurs contrary to expectations

Dramatic Irony: when an audience knows important information beyond what the character(s) knows

IRONY

Identify the figure of speech covered in the previous slides:

1.) She was as fresh as a flower

2.) It took me four years to get to school this morning.

3.) The dew, like morning’s sweat, glistened in the sun.

4.) Life’s a journey, not a destination.

5.) Only the champion daisy trees were serene. After all, they were part of a rain forest already two thousand years old and scheduled for eternity, so they ignored the men and continued to rock the diamondbacks that slept in their arms.

EXERCISE

Device Quiz for Extra Credit:1. When what is said is opposite of what is meant,

what type of irony is created? 2. How a writer reveals character is called what?3. A figure of speech in which one thing is said to be

another is called what?4. A great exaggeration is called what?5. A reference to something outside of the text is

called what?

10/4

(10 min.) Extended Answer: Explain the importance of human companionship in both previous stories and how each differ in what they imply about it. One quote (author, #) needed from both stories.

10/4

shy: _____ :: arrogant : egotistical majestic: humble :: _____ : modest                   avoid: invite :: _____ : request boldness: _____ :: audacity : impudence                   2+2 : easy :: -x^2 + 2(k+2)x - 9k = 0 : _____

10/8

Read and analyze the quote below: I lay awake in the dark, dark room.. .and tried to fal l asleep. I mean, I really

tr ied. But al l I could think of was ghosts. . .and eyeballs. . .and creepy noises. Scritch-scratch. Nah, just the wind, I told myself. Scritch. Scritch. Scraaaatch. The noise seemed to come from the wall nearest me. I tr ied to forget about

it by humming a happy tune. Hum-de-dum, de-dumm-dum. Then it started. Just as Ralphie had described it . WooOOoowooOOoowooOOoo. I l i fted my head and looked around the room. Soon there were more sounds. Thump. Thump. Thump. I looked up. In the corner of the room, I saw two

yellow eyes. They were floating in the dark. Scritch-scratch. Thump, thump, thump. WooOO-wooOOoo. The eyes were coming closer. And closer. Right then, I knew for sure: I was

a goner.

10/8

Suspense: creating tension within the reader by promoting questions or a desire to know what will happen next.

Suspense is created by: 1. giving clues as to what will happen next

(Foreshadowing) 2. withholding information 3. by supplying false information (irony).Foreshadowing: the use of clues that suggest the

outcome of situations in the narrative

10/8

Find and underline 3 figures of speech; find and underline characterization of Emily.

-I will check this tomorrow when I stamp learning plans.

10/8 HOMEWORK

In a short answer explain what type of person Emily is.  Be sure to include one quote for support.

In a short answer explain what type of character Emily is. Be sure to include one quote for support

One paragraph for each response, will be collected on Wednesday (10/10).

10/9 HOMEWORK

Personification denotationconnotation

Theme symbolmetaphor

Text hyperbole main ideaProtagonist characterization antagonistMain character point of view

simileSuspense prose verseOrange allusion person v.

selfPerson v. supernatural static character allegoryAnaphora drama

narrative

QUIZ VOCAB

Think-Pair-Share: 1.) read each discussion question, write 1-2 sentences

answering the question. Discussion Questions: 1.  In a short answer explain the structure of the plot and its

reasons. 2.  Short Answer:  If Emily is a static character, why does it

seem that she changes through the story?  What exactly is changing?

3.  In an extended answer compare/contrast the relationship Emily had with her father and Homer.  Two quotes properly cited needed.

4.  In a short answer explain how the appearance of the house is related to Emily’s l ife.  One quote properly cited is needed.

5.  In a short answer explain the theme of the story. One quote properly cited is needed.

10/15

Pair: turn to your neighbor in front of or behind you; discuss each answer.

Consider the other person’s answers to the questions, how are they different from yours? How can you add them into your discussion question?

Share: Each group will pick their strongest answer and share with the class.

10/15

Homework: Use today’s notes for help: Complete one of the discussion questions on Loose-leaf. (6-12

sentences) Discussion Questions: 1.  In a short answer explain the structure of the plot and its

reasons. 2.  Short Answer:  If Emily is a static character, why does it

seem that she changes through the story?  What exactly is changing?

3.  In an extended answer compare/contrast the relationship Emily had with her father and Homer.  Two quotes properly cited needed.

4.  In a short answer explain how the appearance of the house is related to Emily’s l ife.  One quote properly cited is needed.

5.  In a short answer explain the theme of the story. One quote properly cited is needed.

10/15

You have an exam on Monday, October 22.To Study:A Rose for Emily

Plot points—your freytag’s pyramid graphic organizer will help here.

CharacterizationBe able to pick out three different figures of speechPoint of viewTheme Discussion questions covered in class today—write

them down to practice answering them using extended answers/short answers.

10/16

A short answer is 6 to 8 lines of paper and needs usually one detail/explanation to prove its topic.

 The extended answer is 9 to 14 lines and usually requires two details/explanations to prove its topic

PARAMETERS