SEMINAR REPORTONSUCTION IRRIGATION AND CONSERVATION OF WATER WEALTHSubmitted ByMr. Vijay R. Wankhade(06CE215)(IIIrd CE) Year Student Guided ByProf. S. P. Paseband(H.O.D. Civil Engineering Department)DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERINGGOVT. POLYTECHNIC, AMRAVATI

INTRODUCTION"More water better crops" is a very common, though mistaken belief among the cultivators. With increasing demand of irrigation water, it is essential that cultivators should understand the optimum water requirements of crops and thus make maximum use of the available water. On this background, suction irrigation system was developed & experimented at Soil Testing Laboratory of Irrigation projects Investigation Circle, Nagpur.

MODIFIED ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY DRIP IRRIGATION

Drip or trickle irrigation is one of the latest methods of irrigation which is becoming increasingly popular in areas with water scarcity and salt problems. It is a method of watering plants frequently. It leads to consumptive use of watering plants and hence minimizes conventional losses as deep percolation, runoff and soil water evaporation.In this method, irrigation is done by using small diameter plastic lateral lines called "emitters" or "drippers" at selected spacings to deliver water to the soil surface near the base of the plants. The initial cost of the drip irrigation equipment is to be its limitation for large-scale adoption. The main item of expenditure is the cost of the lateral lines.Crops like grapes, sugarcane, pappayas, banana, guava and most other types of fruit trees and vegetables have been found to respond well to drip irrigation. There is considerable saving in water by adopting this method. Since the water could be applied precisely to the root zone and there is no need to wet the entire area between tree crops.

FIELD EXPERIMENTA field trial was conducted in. April 85. The plot size was 19 m x 9.8 m. The irrigation system was comprised of mainline, submain and laterals of emitters as shown in fig.1. The mains, submains and laterals were made of PVC tubings. Such type of the arrangement will be their.

In most plants, the concentration of absorbing roots is greatest in the upper part of the root zone and near the base of the plant. The usual extraction pattern shows that about 40 percent of the extracted moisture comes from the upper quarter of the root zone, 30 percent from the second quarter, 20 percent from the third quarter and 10 percent from the bottom quarter. Please see figure No.3 in this respect.

Emitters - Spindle shaped burnt clay emitters with neck on either side are used in the system. The emitter is shown in figure No.2. The emitters are made of clay and cow dung. Approximately 30% of cow dung is mixed with clayey loam soil free of gravel and pebbles. The following arrangement will be like this.

PRESENT IRRIGATION METHODWater can be applied for irrigation by any one of the following methods :1) Furrow irrigation2)Basin irrigation3)Sprinkler irrigation4)Drip irrigationThe following arrangement of the figures will be their.Furrow IrrigationBasin Irrigation

Sprinkler Irrigation with exposed portable pipe work laid over pillars.

COMPARISON BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL DRIP METHOD AND MODIFIED DRIP METHOD

Sr. No.Conventional Drip MethodModified Drip Method1It is more head requiredLow head required than conventional drip irrigation system2This system are not have uniform and controlled water is supplied to the plant automaticallyIn this system uniform and controlled water is applied to the plant automatically3It is not economicalIt is more economical4This system human or mechanical efforts are necessaryThis system of work are automatically

STUDIED CONDUCTED FOR MODIFIED METHODThis system of suction irrigation has got many advantages. Water does not infiltrate below 45 to 60 cm. and is hence restricted to the root zone. The greater assured yield is possible through this method as adequate water supply is provided at root zone when the quantity of water available at the source is limited. More land can be brought under irrigation and considerable increase in agricultural production could be envisaged. The observations on the experimental field showed that atleast four times more land can be brought under irrigation as compared to the conventional system of irrigation, In this system uniform and controlled water is supplied to the plant automatically. The plant is not subjected to "Shocks". An automatic application o optimum water to the root-zone is the unique feature of this system.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF NEW METHOD (SUCTION IRRIGATION)a) No special site conditions are necessary to adopt the system, b) No irrigation schedule is to be framed, as water automatically reaches the crops in predetermined quantity.c) The deep percolation losses are minimised. The evaporation of water from soil surface is restricted.d) The upper soil layer remains dry hence inter culture weeds control activity is automated.e) The plant is not subjected to "Shoks" as uniform and controlled application of water to the root zone leads to stainless conditions,f) Uniform water and fertilizer application ensures uniform growth and high quality of yield.g) Continuous water supply to plant hastens maturity.h) Low head is required than conventional Drip Irrigation system.

DISADVANTAGES :a)The emitters can not be reused after using for one crop production.b)Initial cost of the system is high.c)The emitters of different porosity are required for various types of crops.

CONCLUSIONIn this system uniform and controlled water is supplied to the plant automatically also greater assured yield is possible through this system. (Research is needed).

REFERENCES1)Irrigation Engineering---V. S. Gajare2)Prof. by S. P. Paseband Govt. Polytechnic, Amravati Civil Engineering Department (Also Head of Department).also(S.P. Paseband) Assistant Engineer (II)Design Unit.