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1
Christine GEORGES
CEA/DEN/DDCC [email protected]
VIEWS ON INTERNATIONAL
RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN
NUCLEAR DECOMMISSIONING
| PAGE 1
Brussels, January 23th, 2018
Brussels, January 22th, 2018
| PAGE 2
Various dismantling techniques allready at the level of industrial
maturity
But still specific challenges ahead regarding safety, environmental
impacts, efficiency and cost-effectiveness
1. STILL NEEDS FOR RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN D&ER
EXAMPLES OF NEEDS FROM R&D FOR D&ER
IN SITU AND WASTE CHARACTERIZATION
INTERVENTIONS IN HOSTILE ENVIRONMENTS
DECONTAMINATION AND SITE RELEASE
WASTE AND EFFLUENT TREATMENT
METHODS AND IT TOOLS FOR D&D
• Better knowledge of radiological and physical states before,
during and after D&D for best scenario and to control hazards
• Better predictive data for treatment, storage/disposal facilities
• Reduction of integrated doses
• Optimization of samplings
• Segmentation and handling : Improvement of cutting yields with
limited airsols and waste
• Comparison of scenarios, qualification, training , communication
•Efficient treatment for complex radioactive wastes
•Minimization of generated waste (e.g. Thermal processes, new
matrices, Treatment of Mercury, Sodium, Tritium, etc.
•Increased efficiency for strucure and soil decontamination,
adapted to site utilities
•Waste optimization
•Tools for estimation of overall costs
•Tools for transportation and waste management
•Tools for simulation of scenarios and data management, Network of
interconnected operational IT tools for management and anticipation.
3
| PAGE 4
On one hand: • Increasing difficulties for Individual countries to justify
expenditures on new developments
• Reluctance to use innovative technologies and search for
approved technologies to minimize risks
On the other hand: • Significant redundancy in current R&D programmes for
Decommissioning in different countries
• Lot of exchanges between operators one by one or through
IAEA/OCDE or bilateral collaboration agreement but very
difficult to build projects in common in D&ER before 2017
(beginning in 2017 with H2020 projects INSIDER,
THERAMIN)
•
Incentives to “SHARE” initiative as an output of Madrid
2016 conference:
• Need of Public research to provide solutions to D&ER
challenges
• Promotion and organization at multinational level of the
co-financing of R&D developments in D&ER by actors
with common objectives
2. MORE IMPULSE NEEDED TO USE RESULTS
OF R&D IN D&ER
| PAGE 4
| PAGE 5
« SHARE » INITIATIVE – SCOPE & EXPECTED IMPACT
Scope: To strengthen international networking and complementarity
between national research programmes for decommissioning:
Identification of R&I needs by actors in charge of D&ER projects
Identification of innovative techniques and methods where there is a clear
benefit from multiparty implementation. Depending on TRL level: R&I co-
financed, licenses for industrialization, mutualized pilot workshops, etc.
Proposal of possible funding schemes for collaborative projects addressing
those needs and development of a framework for coordination of the
implementation of selected projects
Create a place for Periodical exchanges to update the road map and initiate
new projects in common
Decision to propose this project under EURATOM Research and Training
Programme Horizon 2020 as an Initial step: 2 years Coordination and Support
Action (CSA)
| PAGE 6
CALL EURATOM H2020 PUBLISHED OCTOBER 26TH
| PAGE 7
SCHEDULE – ZOOM 2017/2018
2016
DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEV MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEV MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEV MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEV MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC
First Draft *
Meetings * * * *
Designation of
WP leaders Choice of PMO * List of partners
Call WP2018
dead line for
submission
WP2018
Implementation
SHARE
future RTD call
for R&D
Implementation
of cofinanced
R&D
2021 20212017 2018 2019 2020
| PAGE 8
SOURCES AND LINKS
When writing the proposal, as imputs from past initiatives and in the future as partners::
• JOPRAD JP-RWM,
• OECD WPDD, CPD, NI2050,
• (WIKI, etc.), Environet, IPN, etc.
• EC (DB Tool, TND, CND, various platforms…)
• Outputs from conferences and workshops
• Websites (e.g: IRID, etc.)
• etc.
“Consortium”
core group having the capability to address all the
topics of the call and to dedicate time in the project
composed by no more than a dozen of institutions
“profile” : mainly “problem owners”
Includes work package leaders and Topics leads
“Expert Review Panel”
Direct involvement in project information flow,
in particular reviewing, assessing and commenting
upon the project deliverables.
“Broader stakeholder-group”
Key source of information concerning needs and
priorities, in particular through feed-back to
questionnaires and workshops.
9
Consortium
Expert Review
pannel
Broader stakeholder-group
- Cooperation with non-EU countries seen as a potential promising path
- International organizations (IAEA , OECD ) providing technical support
ACTORS INVOLVED THE PROJECT
9
| PAGE 10
WAY FORWARDS
All entities involved in R&I for D&ER are welcome
and, at least will be contacted as stakeholders
Call EU H2020 WP2018 October 2017
End of September 2018
List of partners to be fixed by end of 2017 and list of advisory committee by March 2018
| PAGE 11
• 5 previous editions : 1992, 1998, 2003, 2008, 2013
• In 2013: 115 oral
papers, 355
participants from 22
countries
• Up to now : 209
papers registered for
DEM2018
DEM2018 – Avignon October 22th /24th
International conference focused on D&ER
| PAGE 12 12
• Dismantling Strategy and Program Development
• Regulation Evolution
• Initial Radiological State Characterization
• Project Feedback Experience
• Buildings and Sites Rehabilitation
• Material and Radioactive Waste Management
• Economic and Financial Aspects
• Stakeholders Involvements and Public Acceptance
• Development of New D&Ds' Technologies
• Digital Contribution to Dismantling Operations
• Fukushima: feedback and operation in progress
DEM2018 – call for paper and registration
12
13
CEA among other operators is in charge of numerous facilities under
decommissioning and of legacy waste, with contamination levels
sometimes very high, and a wide diversity from laboratory scale to
industrial plants.
R&D has a special role in support of these programs , helping:
- to reduce cost, schedule , doses and optimize waste management
- to improve safety and security
Opportunity for sharing with other contracting authorities the development
of solutions on same challenges
CONCLUSION
| PAGE 14
| PAGE 14
Thank you
for your attention
Hope to see you
in Avignon
next October
ANNEXES
| PAGE 15
Wide variety of facilities with no
series effect
• Reactors: pool-type, fast breeder,
gas graphite…
• Accelerators and irradiators,
• Fuel cycle laboratories, workshops
and plants
• Waste treatment and storage
facilities
Different facility sizes
• Reactors: Ulysse (piloting training)
-> Phénix (Industrial)
• Facilities : FAR or LAMA -> UP1
High contaminated areas
Wide Waste diversity
History and traceability of Old
nuclear facilities
SPECIAL FEATURES OF CEA D&ER
PROJECTS
600 M€/year 800 CEA
employees and about 2500
employees from supply chain
P 16
| PAGE 17
Saclay
Grenoble
Cadarache
Marcoule
HARMONIE, RAPSODIE, PHEBUS ATPu, ATUE, STED, INB56, EOLE-
MINERVE, MCMF
SILOETTE, MELUSINE, SILOE, Active materials analysis lab (LAMA), effluent
and waste treatment station (STED/STEL)
LHA, ULYSSE, OSIRIS, INB 72, ORPHEE
APM, UP1, PHENIX
INB 165 & 166: STED/STEL
RM2, Bldg. 18
COMPLETED ON GOING UPCOMING
G1, G2, G3
Fontenay-aux-Roses
| PAGE 17
SCOPE UNDER NUCLEAR ENERGY SECTOR RESPONSIBILITY
| PAGE 17
| PAGE 18
Saclay
Grenoble
Cadarache
Marcoule
RCD 56
INB 35
UP1 : RCD bitumen and other waste
INB 166
Fontenay-aux-Roses
Legacy waste
Effluents
INB 72
Used fuel
PEGASE
Tank emptying in ATALANTE facility
UP1 Mg pits
Piscine PEGASE
CIRCE (effluents container)
Hangar
Trenches (INB56 CAD)
INB 72
Bitumen drums
Recovery of waste in pits
PHENIX
| PAGE 18
SCOPE (LEGACY WASTE, EFFLUENTS, USED FUEL) UNDER NUCLEAR ENERGY SECTOR RESPONSIBILITY
| PAGE 18
NUCLEAR SUPPORT FACILITIES FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT
19
| PAGE 20 | PAGE 20
PROJECTS DIRECTLY ATTACHED TO A DIVISION OF THE NUCLEAR ENERGY SECTOR
Nuclear Energy Sector
Quality & environment directorate Human resources division
Transversal programs
Projet A&D et RCD
Innovation and nuclear
support Division
Strategic partnership & industrial concerns
Director
Strategic divisions
Scientific division
Functional divisions
Operational divisions
Départements Départements
Department
Départements Départements
Department
Départements Départements
Department
CEA/Marcoule Management Nuclear activities division
(Saclay) CEA/Cadarache Management
Enhancement of the clean-up & dismantling project jobs
Projet A&D et RCD Clean-up and
dismantling units
Dismantling Division for civilian
applications
Geostatistics
LIBS Gamma/Spectrométry /
contamination in concrete
Alpha camera
Cs 137 37.1%
Cs 134 4.3%
Rh 106 17.6%
Sb 125 41,00%
Portable Measure for 90Sr
Autoradiography
Gamma camera
•Better knowledge of
radiological and physical
states to control hazards
• Reduction of integrated
doses
•Optimization of samplings
• Smaller non destructive
techniques coupled for 3D
cartographies : α, γ or
neutron camera,
autoradiography, OSL, LIBS,
Raman,
•Geostatistics
FACILITY AND SOIL CHARACTERIZATION
21
22
Passive neutronic
measurement of Uranium
Simulation and images Neutronic measures for U and Pu Coupling of methods
Mesures neutroniques
passive pour Uranium
WASTE CHARACTERIZATION
• Mobile and multi-purpose
systems
• Passive and active neutronic
measurement
• Modeling with pre- and post-
measurement imagery
• less uncertainties
• Waste minimization
• Better predictive data for
treatment, storage/disposal
facilities
Immersive Room
Pilot workshop
| PAGE 23
INTERVENTIONS IN HOSTILE ENVIRONMENTS
• Remote handling system
“MAESTRO”
• Laser cutting
• 3D simulation and virtual
reality
• Improvement of cutting
yields with limited airesols
and waste
• Comparison of alternative
scenarios and qualification
Studies
Implementation
New equipment
design Remote handing
simulation
Dose rate simulation
Human operation simulation
Whole scenario
simulation
Assistance for real
operations
Operator training
23
| PAGE 24
MAESTRO SYSTEM CONCEPT
Several factory tools, have been studied, developed and
qualified.
Hydraulic shears
Alternating saw
Disk grinder
Nibbler Gamma camera
Drill
Screwdriver
Offset screwdriver
Video camera
IF104 radiation probe
Laser torch
| PAGE 24
| PAGE 25 P25
MAESTRO PERSPECTIVES
Rapsodie
UP1 - AVM
Phénix
Pétrus – Building 18
UP1 – Dissolvers MAR 200
APM
Before After
26
27
| PAGE 28
REMOTE DISMANTLING OF THE DISSOLVERS The use of Virtual Reality to secure the project
RESULTS
Modification of video cameras positions
Modification of tool rack design
Assessment of Maestro arm introduction into
dissolver “stack” Operators formation
Optimization of cutting sequences
Simplification of the mock-up testing
program
CO2 Supercritique
| PAGE 29
Flotation foam Decontamination by Laser
Foams and gels for Decontamination
STRUCTURE AND SOIL DECONTAMINATION
• Self-drying gels, coating
gels, …
• Laser ablation
• Viscous foams or active
solutions
• Float foams and
supercritical fluid
• Decontamination
techniques for
radioactive solids,
structures and soils
adapted to site utilities
• Waste optimization
29
| PAGE 30
WASTE TREATMENT AND CONDITIONNING
Plasma sous eau pour liquides
organiques corrosifs
Na treatment
Geopolymer Matrices
30
New adsorbents Plasma under water
• Innovative Cs and Sr sorbents
• Hydrothermal oxidation or plasma
incineration
• In-can melting and new matrices
• Treatment of waste with Mercury,
Sodium, Tritium,etc.
• Increased decontamination
efficiency
• Efficient treatment for complex
radioactive wastes
• Minimization of generated waste
NEW BUILDINGS AND WORKSHOPS
| PAGE 31
SHADE
INES
IVAN
ICARE
Hot
IVAN
ICARE
Cold
Sodium wastes storage zones
Sodium
chloride
and
cabonate
To Rhône
river
| PAGE 32
FP CONCENTRATION D&D
Characterization of HA deposits in
the FP concentration workshop
components 2013 – 2015 (up 300 Gy/h)
New scenario for the dismantling
of the FP concentration workshop Preliminary feasibility and scenario
studies completed in September
2014
o R&D support program required to
define HA deposits conditioning
process and matrix :
2 years feasibility study
8 years for process
development, industrialization
and matrix qualification
o Define a reversible interim storage
for HA deposits and ILW-LL
metallic waste
| PAGE 33
THE RADIOLOGICAL INVENTORY
TANK 71.21A 71.21B 71.21C 71.21D
Tank position (vs evaporator) upstream upstream upstream upstream /
downstream
Tank Volume m3 10 10 10 9,2
Sludge Volume m3 0,5* 0,4 < 1 0,160*
Calculated 137Cs activity
(based on Dose Rate) TBq 2,15E+03 1,03E+03 1,05E+03 1,30E+03
Max. bg activity
(measured on sample)
Bq/g
dried sample 1,23E+10 1,13E+10 1,02E+10 1,64E+10
137Cs total activity
(based on sample activity) TBq 4700* 5 590 8 680 1350*
Max. dose rate
measured Gy/h 245 150 38 225*
EVAPORATOR / TANK 71.26B 71.26C 71.46C 71.48
Volume m3 18 15 11 0,15
Volume of deposits m3 0,4 * 0,265 * 0,265 0,011
137Cs activity TBq 900 * 160 * 160 12
Max. dose rate (in contact
with boiler) Gy/h 3,1 1,2 1 72
* Assumption based on investigation and analysis performed on 71.46C
RECOVERY OF ACTIVES SLUDGES IN CORRIDOR 223.23
5 cm thick (estimated) sludge layer on the whole
corridor surface area (73 m2) about 3,6m3 of
active deposits (~ 1,3 t/m3) to retrieve
| PAGE 34
LEGACY WASTE RETRIEVAL
Retrieval and conditioning of non bituminized waste
UP1 = 75 types of legacy wastes,
located in18 different locations:
• ~ 3150 glass canisters
• ~ 1630 t of HLW Mg clads
• ~ 1300 t of powdery waste
• ~ 1300 drums of alpha-waste
• Active areas = 140 000 m3
• 26 000t of waste from active
areas
• civil engineering structures,
Contaminated equipment,
Miscellaneous
• Very different in they chemical and radionuclide composition; long-lived radionuclides
• Re-disposal required
35
| PAGE 36
36
• Network of interconnected
operational IT tools for
management and anticipation
• Tools for estimation of
overall costs
• Tools for transportation and
waste management
METHODS AND IT TOOLS FOR D&D