National Development Planning Agency

Republic of Indonesia

Dr. Suprayoga Hadi (suprayoga@bappenas.go.id) Director for Special Area and Disadvantaged Region, National Development

Planning Agency (BAPPENAS), Republic of IndonesiaNational Project Director of Safer Communities through Disaster Risk Reduction in

Development (SCDRR), a cooperation between Government of Indonesia and UNDP

2nd Session of Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction Geneva, Switzerland, 16-19 June 2009

1. With Indonesia’s more than 18,000 islands along the Pacific “ring of fire” of active volcanoes and tectonic faults, the recent disaster is a reminder of the natural perils facing this expansive archipelago

2. Consist of approx. 224 million inhabitants, disproportionately distributed, comprises a mix ethnicities, community groups, religious denominations, customs and traditions

3. Flood and landslides also very common in the forest fringe areas in the rainy season with number of causalities and damaged settlements (N Sumatra, Kalimantan, Central and East Java, and Sulawesi)

4. Most of the main river banks are crowded with low-income squatter with high population density, increasing uncontrolled sedimentation

5. 383 out of 483 districts/cities are disaster prone areas, for the reason of high number of population, high density areas with unevenly population distribution, high income disparity, increasing percentage of building coverage at urban and settlement area, decreasing water and sanitation quality

6. Early warning system is not ready available and ready to lowering the risk and impact in the prone areas of disasters, such as earthquake, landslides, and drought

7. Implementation of spatial plan for land use management were somewhat inconsistent and contributed to the high risk of natural disaster .

8. The policy, legal or regulatory framework is not fully in place that makes disaster risk reduction a normal part of the decentralized, local level development process.

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130 Active volcanoes potency to volcanic hazards Recent Earthquake in Indonesia Yogyakarta-Central Java, June 2006 Bengkulu-West Sumatera, September 2007 Gorontalo-Central Sulawesi, December 2008 West Papua, January 2009

Tsunami Recent tsunami in Indonesia

Year Location No of casualty (people)1992 Flores Tsunami 1,9501994 East Java Tsunami 2381996 Irian Jaya Tsunami 1102004 Indian Ocean Tsunami 283,0002006 West Java Tsunami 645

Floods: Natural Factor (topography, high tide, rainfall) Man-made Factor (change in land use, squatter area in river banks,

decrease in river capacities affected by the pile of garbage and lack of maintenance, increase of sedimentation rate, etc)

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Killed Total Affected

Drought 960 55 1,486,774 804,700

Landslide 537 1,362 174,559 12,898,493,867

Flood 1,503 940 1,816,582 35,630,969,024

Flood and landslide 89 773 367,578 5,611,029,423

Wave / Sea Level Rise 64 4 18,553 385,320

Wild fires 37 8 1,690 10,500

Wind storm 407 83 137,952 2,503,676,718

TOTAL 3,597 3,225 4,003,688 56,645,369,552

No of people Number of Events

Damage (in million IDR)

Source: DIBI, 2009

1. Law No 24 year 2007 on Disaster Management2. Law No 26 year 2007 on Spatial Planning3. Law No 27year 2007 on Small Islands and Coastal Management4. Government Regulation (GR) No 21/2008 on DM Operations, GR

No 22/2008 on Funding & Management of Disaster Assistance, GR No 23/2008 on Participation of International Institutions and Foreign Non-Government Institution in DM

5. GR No 26 / 2008 on National Spatial Planning6. Presidential Regulation No 8 / 2008 on NDMA (BNPB)7. Presidential Regulation Nr 46 / 2008 on National Council for

Climate Change8. Ministry of Home Affairs Regulation No 46/2008 on BPBD

Organization and Works Mechanism9. Head of BNPB Regulation No 3/ 2008 on BPBD

1. Establishment of BNPB2. Establishment of BPBD in a number of provincial and district / city

levels 3. Establishment on National Platform on DRR4. Establishment of National Council for Climate Change5. Establishment of Mitigation Forum (led by Min of Marine & Fisheries)

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Long-term Development Planning (RPJP) 2005 – 2025: RPJP 2005 – 2025 has identified CC as a critical challenge to Indonesia. Under the Development Direction: Terwujudnya Indonesia yang Asri dan Lestari (Everlasting Indonesia), the Plan highlights the various disasters caused by extreme climatic events in Indonesia, including the recent floods and droughts that have brought about heavy losses to national economy

Mainstreaming CC and DRR into RPJMN 2005 – 2009 : Natural Resources Protection and Conservation, with main activities

including : (1) Review of policies on natural resource protection and conservation(2) Protection of natural resources against uncontrolled exploitation(3) Protection against forest fires(4) Management and protection of biodiversity against extinction, on

land, coasts and sea.(5) Partnership building with universities, local communities, NGO and

private sector for the protection and conservation of natural resources

(6) Spatial planning and zoning for the protection of natural resources, especially in areas prone to tectonic earthquakes, tsunami, floods, drought and other hazards.

Program to Develop Capacity in Natural Resources and Environmental Management

Program to Improve Quality and Access of Information on Natural Resources and Environment

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Policy National Priority FocusPresidential Regulation No. 19 / 2006 on Annual Government Work Plan (RKP)for 2007

Priority VII: Disaster Mitigation and Management

Focus 3: Institutional Strengthening for the Disaster Prevention and Management at the National and Local Level

Focus 4: Disaster Prevention and Disaster risk reduction

Presidential Regulation No. 18 / 2007 on Annual Government Work Plan (RKP)for 2008

Priority VIII: Disaster Management, Disaster Risk Reduction, and Improvement of Contagious Disease Eradication

Focus 2: Elaboration of the national action plan for disaster risk reduction

Focus 3: Development of institutional and human resource capacity in disaster mitigation and early warning system

Focus 4: National and local spatial planning based on disaster risk reduction

Presidential Regulation No. 38 / 2008 on Annual Government Work Plan (RPK) for 2009

Priority II: Acceleration of Economic Development through Fortification of Economic Resilience Supported by Agriculture Development

Focus 5: Strengthening Capacity in Global Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation

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Presidential Regulation (Perpres) No 8 / 2008 on the establishment of National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB)

Ministry of Home Affairs Decree (Permendagri) No 46/2008 on the establishment of Local Disaster Management Board (BPBD)

LAW on DM No. 24 / 2007

Changing paradigm in DM: National and Local Plan for DM National and Local Action Plan for DRR Funding Arrangement for DM:

- National Budget- Local Budget- Private sectors and/or community- International Donors and NGOs

PP 21/2008 on DM Arrangement

PP 22/2008 on DM Financing

PP 21/2008 on DM External Supports

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National Action Plan for DRR (NAP-

DRR) (2006 – 2009)

Government Annual Plans (RKPs) 2007, 2008 & 2009

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DM Law 24/2007

DM Plan 2010-2014 & NAP-DRR

2010-2012

Involve multi stakeholders in

DRR activity

Long –term Development Plan (RPJP) 2005 - 2025

Mid–term Development Plan (RPJM)2010- 2014

Government Annual Plans (RKPs) 2010, 2011, etc

Involve multi stakeholders

the preparation of the plan

Initiative Rights from Councils

Funding Resources :APBN (Nat’l budget)APBD (local budget)Community

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PP 22/2008 on DM Financing

Pre-Disaster Emergency Response Post Disaster

In situation of non-occurrence of disaster:Facilitation of DM Planning formulationDRR ProgrammingDisaster prevention programmingIntegration of development planning with DM planning Facilitation of implementation and enforcement of spatial planningFormulation of DR AnalysisImplementation of DM Education and TrainingFormulation of technical standards for DM

In situation of potential occurrence of disaster:Preparedness activityDevelopment of Early Warning SystemDisaster mitigation activities

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Preparedness / Risk Reduction

(Pre-disaster)

Developing Early Warning System (EWS) in prone areas (including dissemination

EWS to community)

Community awareness for disaster preparednes

s

Capacity building to institutions for disaster management (coordination & immediate response)

Line Ministries/ Sectoral Budgets

Mapping prone areas (earthquake, land sliding,

flood, volcanoes, weather disaster)

Responsible parties

Prov/LocalMedium-term Plan

Prov/Local Long-term Plan

Gov’t Annual Work Plan

National Medium-term Plan

National Long-term Plan

LG Annual Work Plan

Nat’l Sectoral Medium-term Plan

Sectoral Annual Work Plan

Prov/Local Sectoral Med-term Plan

LG sectoral Annual Work Plan

Annual Budget Plan

Prov/Local Annual Budget Plan

Sectoral Budgeting Plan

Rprov/Local Sectoral Budget Plan

National Annual Budget

Detail of National Budget

Prov/Local Annual Budget

Detail of Prov/Local Budget

CentralGovernm

entProvincial/Local

Government

NAP-DRR

LAP-DRR

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LONG-TERM DEVELOPMENT

PLAN(RPJP – RTRW)

MID-TERM DEVELOPMENT

PLAN(RPJM – RPB)

SECTORAL STRATEGIC PLAN DRR ACTION PLAN

ANNUAL GOVERNMENT WORK PLAN

NAT

ION

ALPR

OVI

NCI

ALD

ISTR

ICT

RPJM NATIONAL

RPJMPROVINCE

RPJMDISTRICT

NAP DRR

RENSTRA K/L

RKP NATIONAL

RENJA K/L

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RPJP NATIONAL

RPJP PROVINCE

RPJP DISTRICT/

CITY

RTRW NATIONAL

RTRW PROVINCE

RTRW DISTRICT /

CITY

DM PLANDISTRICT /

CITY

DM PLAN PROVINCE

LAP DRR PROV

RENSTRA SKPD PROV

RKPD PROV

RENJA SKPD PRO

LAP DRRCITY/

DISTRICT

RENSTRA SKPD K/K

RKPD CITY / DISTRICTT

RENJA SKPD K/K

NATIONAL DM PLAN

No Focus Budget 2007(Rp Billion)

Budget 2008(Rp Billion)

1Rehabilitation and Reconstruction for post-tsunami in NAD Province dan Nias North Sumatera

9.710,6 6.727,2

2Rehabilitation and Reconstruction for post disaster in Alor-Nabire, DI Yogyakarta and Central Java, and other disaster areas

287,8 648,2

3Institutional Strengthening in Disaster Management at central and local levels (Early Warning System and mitigation)

49,8 1.028,7

4 Disaster Risk Reduction 94,0 127,3

5 Capacity Building and Community Preparedness in Disaster Management 78,0 0

6 DRR Mainstreaming in spatial plan 0 277,07 Avian Flu Eradication 0 604,3

Total 10.220,1 9.412,7DRR related Budget Allocation 221,8 1.433,0

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No ProgramBudget

(Rp Billion)

Line Ministry

1 Rehabilitation and Reconstruction post tsunami in NAD Province and Nias Island 969,42 MoPW, MOHA, MoT,

Kemeng PDT

2 Development Program for HRD in Meteorology and Geophysical Sector

100,15 BMG

3 Research and Development Program 5 LAPAN4 Conservation Program for Water Resources 17 Bakosurtanal

5 Diffusion and Utilization of Technology & Science 50 Ministry of Research

and Technology 6 Health Development Program 600 Ministry of Health7 Capacity Development Program for Research

and Technology in Production System 15 BPPT

8 Assistance Program for Social Sector 519,03 Ministry of Social Affairs, BPLS

9 Recovery Program for disaster affected areas 83,25 Bakornas PB

Total 2.358,85

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Based on the DM Law and Government Regulation No 22 / 2008, the DRR financing resources are from: Government (National & Local) Community / Private Donors

The Government allocates the budget based on the RPJM and RKP (Government Annual Works Plan) as indicated on the previous slides.

The specific national budget for climate change was allocated in the RKP 2009 (in Priority no 2 – Focus 5), while in the past, the government activities targeting for CC were embedded into regular development programs with no specific national budget allocated to CC.

The Climate change financial scheme will apply the rules and procedures under UNFCCC and ODA financing mechanism, and aligns with GOI general financing policies.

For external funding, Indonesia prioritizes grant utilization to finance CC programming which is from bilateral or multilateral donors

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No RKP Priority Activity Budget (IDR, Million)

1 2007 DRR , incl. Capacity building and community preparedness for DM

221.80

2 2008 1.Implementation of NAP DRR;2. Institutional strengthening in DM (EWS

and disaster mitigation); and3.DRR mainstreaming into spatial

planning

1,433.00

3 2009 Focus 5: Strengthening and development in Global CC Mitigation and Adaptation(undertaken by various line ministries, such as Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Marine and Fisheries, Ministry of PW, Ministry of Forestry, State Ministry of Environment, BMKG, MoHA, Bakosurtanal & BNPB)

1,736.40

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IDR. Million

Data compilation as per Feb. 2009

2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009

Priority 1 Disaster risk reduction as a national and regional priority as well as institutional strengthening

2,290.00 2,131.26 3,186.18 7,607.44 76,650.21 65,460.54 120,075.63 262,186.38

Priority 2 Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning

79,108.04 62,306.34 66,605.76 208,020.14 85,218.99 79,781.70 74,970.92 239,971.61

Priority 3 use of knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience

2,199.40 2,502.10 3,649.33 8,350.83 19,497.31 30,564.36 16,201.70 66,263.37

Priority 4 Reduction of underlying disaster risk factors 127,385.95 93,161.39 47,855.41 268,402.75 127,385.94 93,796.09 47,855.41 269,037.44

Priority 5 Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels

138,564.15 128,177.11 38,867.50 305,608.76 2,176,622.12 518,235.08 441,735.78 3,136,592.98

Total 349,547.54 288,278.20 160,164.18 797,989.92 2,485,374.57 787,837.77 700,839.44 3,974,051.78

HFA NATIONAL ACTION PLAN IN DISASTER RISK REDUCTION CORE PROGRAM

Proposed Budget Total Proposed

Budget Allocated Total Allocated

Multilateral and Bilateral Loans/Grants on DRR in supporting:1. Institutional and Regulatory development at

national and local levels;2. Revitalization of Agriculture, Forestry and Rural

Areas3. Conservation critical upstream watershed areas3. Poverty reduction programs4. Community Development Programs (livelihoods,

settlement infrastructure program)5. Development and strengthening on Early Warning

System (including strengthening multi sector and multi stakeholder coordination and cooperation within early warning chain)

6. Infrastructure development (incl. regulation and building standards)

7. Strengthening BMG on Climate and Weather Services Capacity

8. DRR Education and Training Program9. Raising Public Awareness 19

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IDR. Million

Note:1.Data collection Jan - Feb 20092.Most of the programs are multi years. The budget allocation is recorded at the first year of the program

2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009

Priority 1 Disaster risk reduction as a national and regional priority as well as institutional strengthening

- 3,000.00 - 3,000.00 212,587.22 25,314.18 73,901.07 311,802.47

Priority 2 Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning

- 16,500.00 - 16,500.00 2,500.00 34,015.30 36,450.00 72,965.30

Priority 3Use of knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience

7,400.00 4,630.00 5,940.00 17,970.00 33,600.00 34,630.00 59,400.00 127,630.00

Priority 4 Reduction of underlying disaster risk factors - - - - - - - -

Priority 5 Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels

2,000.00 18,771.73 - 20,771.73 182,441.14 22,522.30 - 204,963.44

TOTAL 9,400.00 42,901.73 5,940.00 58,241.73 431,128.36 116,481.78 169,751.07 717,361.21

HFA NATIONAL ACTION PLAN IN DISASTER RISK REDUCTION CORE PROGRAM

Budget Total Budget Actual Allocation Total Allocation

Pre-disaster phase: strengthen local and national capacities, to effectively prevent, mitigate, prepare

for, respond to and recover from disasters; support and promote the effective implementation of legal and regulatory

instruments for disaster risk reduction and disaster management and support dialogue and coordination between agencies and institutions at all levels

to prepare for effective disaster risk management.

During disaster making use of disaster response capacities, and taking into account the

responsibilities assigned under the ongoing humanitarian reform process and where national capacities are exceeded

support Government efforts to provide emergency humanitarian assistance to disaster affected populations

conduct needs assessments share information and assist Government in coordination of the disaster response

Post-disaster phase making use of pre-existing frameworks for cooperation, and taking into account

the Millennium Development Goals and the Hyogo Framework for Action and support national efforts to help communities effectively recover from the impact of disaster and to promote sustainable development

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Donors Contribution to DM SystemDonors Contribution to DM System

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Shifting the paradigm mandated in the DM law No 24/2007 enhances the participation form non-government multi stakeholders, mainly international community and NGOs in the DM and DRR activities;

Indonesia experiences in recent disasters (Aceh & Yogya) implies to:

generate government in the acceleration of the finalization and implementation of DM and DRR regulatory and institutional frameworks;

enhance the awareness of people in the importance of DRR; attract international communities in supporting government in

the promoting DRR; Commitment and support from international communities and

donors significantly provide advocacy policy frameworks and generate the implementation of mainstreaming DRR into sustainable development, such as Program SCDRR supported by DFID and UNDP, GFDRR by the World Bank, AusAID, JICA etc.

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Develop the derivation from the DM Law in line with the mainstreaming DRR into sustainable development;

Integrate and synergize strategies adopted by each sectors into a holistic approach of DRR in the development;

Strengthen capacity of government institutions and apparatus in the DM and DRR aspects;

Improve public awareness through campaign, simulation drill, etc Introduce DRR Sensitivity Planning Approach as the bottom up

development planning and budgeting approach starting at village levels;

Formulate policy recommendation and strategy for the implementation of CBDRM, that currently implemented fragmentary by NGOs at sub-district and village levels;

Shift the international donors and community on the DRR implementation from ‘favorable areas’ (Aceh & Yogya) to other prone disaster areas;

Formulate sustainable tools to link from rehabilitation and reconstruction stage to DRR and mitigation efforts, as well as integrate DRR and Climate Change (NAP-DRR and NAPA).

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