Urban Air Toxics

The UAT Monitoring Network

Urban Sites

Asheville Charlotte Winston-Salem Raleigh Research Triangle Park Wilmington

Rural Site

Candor

Monitoring Sites

Site History

Monitoring SiteYear

StartedMonitoring Capabilities

Total Samples

Asheville 2002 VOCs 149

Charlotte Garinger 2002 VOCs 172

Winston-Salem Hattie Avenue 2002 VOCs 158

Rearch Triangle Park 2004VOCs

Carbonyls84 36

Raleigh Millbrook 2004VOCs

SVOCs46 21

Wilmington Battleship 2004 VOCs 46

Candor 2002VOCs

Carbonyls SVOCs

150 56 21

Total Samples Completed through 2005

Monitoring Site Information

Monitoring Site

Address Location ElevationAir Monitoring Capabilities

AQS No.

Asheville A-B Tech Community College

340 Victoria Road Asheville, NC

N 35º 34' 20" W 82º 33' 31"

2114 ftVOCs, Carbonyls, Met

37-021-0035

Durham RTP

EPA Campus RTP, NC

N 35º 53' 34" W 78º 52' 36"

279 ftVOCs, Carbonyls, Met

37-063-0014

Winston-Salem Hattie Avenue

Hattie Avenue Winston-Salem, NC

N 36º 6' 39" W80º 13' 37"

929 ft VOCs, Met 37-067-0022

Charlotte Garinger High School

Garinger High School Charlotte, NC

N 35º 14' 24" W 80º 47' 08"

755 ft VOCs, Met 37-119-0041

Candor112 Perry Drive Candor, NC

N 35º 15' 45" W 79º 50' 9"

576 ftVOCs, Carbonyls, SVOCs, Met

37-123-0001

Wilmington Battleship USS North Carolina

Battleship Drive Wilmington, NC

N34º 14' 08" W77º 57' 21"

3 ftVOCs, Carbonyls, Met

37-129-0010

Raleigh Millbrook Middle School

Millbrook Middle School Raleigh, NC

N 35º 51' 22" W 78º 34' 27"

302 ftVOCs, Carbonyls, SVOCs, Met

37-183-0014

The Following Sites are Operated by:The Asheville Site: The Western NC Regional Air Quality Agency

The Charlotte Site: The Mecklenburg County, Land Use and Environmental Services Agency

The Winston-Salem Site: The Forsyth County Environmental Affairs Department

Asheville Site

Charlotte Garinger Site

Winston-Salem Hattie Avenue Site

Research Triangle Park

Raleigh Millbrook Site

Wilmington Battleship Site

Candor Site

Monitoring Methods

EPA Toxic Organic (TO) Methods

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

EPA Method TO-15 (69 Analytes) Sample collected into pressurized SUMMA canister GC/MS with cryogenic preconcentration

Carbonyls (aldehydes/ketones) EPA Method TO-11a (12 Analytes)

Sample collected on a DNPH coated silica cartridge HPLC/UV of DNPH Derivatives

Semi Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs)

EPA Method TO-13a (33 Analytes) Sample collected on a polyurethane foam cartridge GC/MS of concentrated extract

DNPH = Dinitrophenylhydrozene

Limits of DetectionVOCs TO-15

Lower Quantitation Level = 0.2 ppb

Method Detection Level = 0.1 ppb

Carbonyls TO-11a

Method Detection Levels:

Formaldehyde/Acetaldehyde = 10 ppt

Other aldehyde/ketones = 5 ppt

SVOCs TO-13a

Lower Quantitation Level = 10 pg/m3

Method Detection Level = 20 pg/m3

Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons are derived mostly from petroleum sources and are the major components of fossil fuels, and petroleum products as well as plastics, waxes and oils.

In urban environments, hydrocarbons (along with nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sunlight) contribute to ozone production.

•Benzene

•1,3-Butadiene

•Toluene

•Ethylbenzene

•Styrene

•Xylenes

Halogenated VOCs

Volatile organic compounds that contain halogens such as chlorine, bromine, fluorine.

Industrial solvent.

Persistent in the atmosphere.

Resist photochemical breakdown.

Chronic health effects.

Contribute to ozone formation.

•Carbon Tetrachloride

•Tetrachloroethylene

•Vinyl Chloride

•Freons

Polar Compounds

Polar compounds are oxygenated compounds such as ethers, ketones, and alcohols.

Many of these compounds are used as gasoline additives so that emissions may be characteristic of those from mobile sources.•MTBE

•MIBK

•MEK

•Ethanol

Carbonyl Compounds

Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and at least one carbon-oxygen double bond.

Factors that effect may airborne concentrations:

1. Combustion sources, motor vehicles, industrial processes and some natural sources that emit compounds directly into the air.

2. Photochemical reactions that form carbonyl compounds in the air, typically from airborne hydrocarbons.

3. Photochemical reactions that consume carbonyls from the air, generally by photolysis or by reaction with hydroxyl radicals.

•Formaldehyde •Acetaldehyde

Semivolatiles (SVOC)

Semivolatile: A substance that evaporates slowly at standard temperature and pressure (20°C & 1 atm).

•Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

•Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)

•Polychlorinated Pesticides

HAPs, TAPs, and Core Compounds

HAP: Hazardous Air Pollutant (EPA)

TAP: Toxic Air Pollutant (NCDAQ)

Core Compound: A HAP or TAP that presents a high health risk due to long term exposure (i.e. 70 years) in an urban environment. Typically a carcinogen or chronic toxicant.

Risk Assessment

URE: The Unit Risk Estimate is the upper-bound excess lifetime cancer risk estimated to result from continuous exposure to an agent at a concentration of 1 µg/m3 in air.

RfC: Reference Concentration (non-cancer) is an estimate of a concentration in air to which a human population might be exposed that is likely to be without appreciable risks of deleterious effects during a lifetime (assumed to be 70 years).

Source: EPA

UAT Monitoring Results

UAT Core Compoundswith detectable results

•Acetaldehyde

•Benzene

•1,3-Butadiene

•Carbon Tetrachloride

•Formaldehyde

•Methylene Chloride

•Trichloroethylene

UAT Core Compoundsthat were not detected

•Chloroform

•1,3-Dichloropropene (cis & trans)

•Ethylene Dibromide

•Ethylene Dichloride

•Propylene Dichloride

•Tetrachloroethylene

•1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane

•Vinyl Chloride

HAPs and TAPswith detectable results

•Benzyl Chloride

•Carbon Disulfide

•Ethyl Acetate

•Ethylbenzene

•Freons 11, 12, & 113

•Hexane

•Propionaldehyde

•Styrene

•Toluene

• Xylenes

HAPs and TAPsthat were not detected

•Bromoform

•Chlorobenzene

•p-Dichlorobenzene

•Ethlylidene Chloride

•Methyl Bromide

•Methyl Chloroform

•MIBK

•MTBE

•Vinylidene Chloride

•Vinyl Acetate

•Vinyl Trichloride

Other Compounds of Interestwith detectable results

•Acetone

•Benzaldehyde

•Butyraldehyde

•Cyclohexane

•Ethanol

•p-Ethyltoluene

•Heptane

•Isopropanol

•Methyl Ethyl Ketone

Other Compounds of Interestthat were not detected

•Crotonaldehyde

•Cyclohexane

•Dibromochloromethane

•Dichloroethenes (cis & trans)

•Dichlorobenzenes

•2,5-Dimethylbenzaldehyde

•Freon 114

•Hexaldehyde

•Isovaleraldehyde

•Methyl Butyl Ketone

•Valeraldehyde

•Tetrahydrofuran

•Tolualdehydes

UAT Core Compounds: Average of All Years

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0.800

1.000

1.200

1.400

Benzene Carbon tetrachloride 1,3-Butadiene Acetaldehyde Trichloroethylene Methylene chloride Formaldehyde

Co

nc.

(p

pb

v)

Asheville Garinger Hattie Ave Millbrook RTP Battleship Candor

MDL

Benzene: Raw DataC

oncentr

ation (ppb)

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

7/1/2003 10/1/2003 1/1/2004 4/1/2004 7/1/2004 10/1/2004 1/1/2005 4/1/2005 7/1/2005 10/1/2005

Asheville Garinger Winston Salem RTP Millbrook Wilmington Candor

Benzene: 3-Month AveragesC

oncentr

ation (ppb)

15 Point Rolling Averages

•0.0

•0.2

•0.4

•0.6

•0.8

•1.0

•7/1/03 •10/1/03 •1/1/04 •4/1/04 •7/1/04 •10/1/04 •1/1/05 •4/1/05 •7/1/05 •10/1/05

•Asheville •Garinger •Winston Salem •RTP •Millbrook •Wilmington •Candor

MDL

URE

Benzene: 2004 National Program

Toluene: Raw DataC

oncentr

ation (ppb)

•0.0

•0.5

•1.0

•1.5

•2.0

•2.5

•3.0

•3.5

•7/1/03 •10/1/03 •1/1/04 •4/1/04 •7/1/04 •10/1/04 •1/1/05 •4/1/05 •7/1/05 •10/1/05

•Asheville •Garinger •Winston Salem •RTP •Millbrook •Wilmington •Candor

Toluene: 3-Month AveragesC

oncentr

ation (ppb)

15 Point Rolling Average

•0.0

•0.2

•0.4

•0.6

•0.8

•1.0

•1.2

•1.4

•7/1/2003 •10/1/2003 •1/1/2004 •4/1/2004 •7/1/2004 •10/1/2004 •1/1/2005 •4/1/2005 •7/1/2005 •10/1/2005

•Asheville •Garinger •Winston Salem •RTP •Millbrook •Wilmington •Candor

MDL

Hexane: 3-Month Averages

•0.00

•0.05

•0.10

•0.15

•0.20

•0.25

•0.30

•0.35

•0.40

•0.45

•7/1/04 •10/1/04 •1/1/05 •4/1/05 •7/1/05 •10/1/05

•Asheville •Garinger •Winston Salem •RTP •Millbrook •Wilmington •Candor

MDL

Concentr

ation (ppb)

15 Point Rolling Averages

Freon 12: 3-Month AveragesC

oncentr

ation (ppb)

15 Point Rolling Averages

•0.0

•0.2

•0.4

•0.6

•0.8

•1.0

•1/1/2004 •4/1/2004 •7/1/2004 •10/1/2004 •1/1/2005 •4/1/2005 •7/1/2005 •10/1/2005

•Asheville •Garinger •Winston-Salem •RTP •Millbrook •Wilmington •Candor

MDL

Carbon Tetrachloride 3-Month Averages

•0.0

•0.1

•0.2

•0.3

•0.4

•1/1/04 •4/1/04 •7/1/04 •10/1/04 •1/1/05 •4/1/05 •7/1/05 •10/1/05

•Asheville •Garinger •Winston Salem •RTP •Millbrook •Wilmington •Candor

15 Point Rolling Averages

Concentr

ation (ppb)

MDL

URE

Carbon Tetrachloride: 2004 National Program

Formaldehyde: Raw Data

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

7/1/2004 10/1/2004 1/1/2005 4/1/2005 7/1/2005 10/1/2005

Candor RTP

Concentr

ation (ppb)

Formaldehyde: 2004 National Program

Candor RTP

Semivolatiles

Naphthalene

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr

pg/m

3

Candor Millbrook

MDL

Semivolatiles

Phenanthrene

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr

pg/m

3

Candor Millbrook

MDL

VOC Annual Summaries: Asheville

• Percent Detect: Percent of total samples with detected values.• nd: Not detected in any of the samples.

Asheville 2002 2003 2004 200529 Total Samples 24 Total Samples 47 Total Samples 49 Total Samples

ChemicalMean (ppbv)

Std Dev

Percent Detects

Mean (ppbv)

Std Dev

Percent Detects

Mean (ppbv)

Std Dev

Percent Detects

Mean (ppbv)

Std Dev

Percent Detects

Freon 12 0.620 0.233 100% 0.532 0.102 100% 0.627 0.118 89% 0.568 0.104 98%Methyl chloride Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.373 0.324 59%1,3-Butadiene Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.226 0.235 44% 0.099 0.324 8%Chloroethane Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.318 0.327 47%Ethanol Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 8.057 7.703 73%Freon 11 0.243 0.101 97% 0.228 0.029 100% 0.269 0.078 91% 0.635 2.793 92%Acetone Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 3.210 2.072 90%Isopropyl Alcohol Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.091 0.169 8%Methylene chloride 0.086 0.040 59% 0.157 0.076 79% 0.129 0.097 72% 0.109 0.073 57%Freon 113 0.052 0.005 21% 0.055 0.011 29% 0.082 0.031 74% 0.080 0.033 63%Carbon Disulfide Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.272 0.368 83% 0.063 0.040 18%Methyl Ethyl Ketone Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.155 0.311 12%Hexane Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.139 0.111 83% 0.169 0.150 76%Ethyl Acetate Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.159 0.273 27%Benzene 0.301 0.239 97% 0.395 0.192 100% 0.335 0.142 100% 0.359 0.189 100%Carbon tetrachloride 0.086 0.033 76% 0.080 0.010 96% 0.098 0.042 74% 0.098 0.076 88%Trichloroethylene 0.050 ----- nd 0.050 ----- nd 0.069 0.060 47% 0.094 0.049 65%Heptane Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.093 0.125 33% 0.055 0.019 10%Toluene 0.690 0.406 100% 0.647 0.490 100% 0.620 0.356 100% 0.672 0.502 100%Ethylbenzene 0.131 0.081 79% 0.119 0.085 96% 0.124 0.113 81% 0.145 0.172 55%m- & p-Xylene 0.440 0.299 97% 0.408 0.327 83% 0.314 0.243 87% 0.215 0.241 76%Styrene Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.112 0.092 41%o-Xylene 0.181 0.114 97% 0.154 0.111 92% 0.126 0.097 77% 0.085 0.081 41%1-ethyl-4-methylbenzene Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.068 0.022 56% 0.084 0.071 37%1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.052 0.012 8%1,2,4-Trimethyl-benzene Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.145 0.192 65%Benzyl chloride Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.081 0.109 8%1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.073 0.114 4%

VOC Annual Summaries: CharlotteGaringer 2002 2003 2004 2005 Garinger

26 Total Samples 39 Total Samples 56 Total Samples 51 Total Samples

ChemicalMean (ppbv)

Std Dev

Percent Detects

Mean (ppbv)

Std Dev

Percent Detects

Mean (ppbv)

Std Dev

Percent Detects

Mean (ppbv)

Std Dev

Percent Detects

Freon 12 0.564 0.193 100% 0.622 0.241 100% 0.637 0.163 89% 0.635 0.385 100%Methyl chloride Not Analyzed 0.325 0.295 57%1,3-Butadiene 0.156 0.167 39% 0.070 0.081 10%Chloroethane Not Analyzed 0.284 0.305 43%Ethanol Not Analyzed 1.774 2.494 45%Freon 11 0.243 0.092 92% 0.253 0.046 100% 0.321 0.462 82% 0.400 0.750 100%Acetone Not Analyzed 3.819 2.156 98%Isopropyl Alcohol Not Analyzed 0.066 0.073 6%Methylene chloride 0.139 0.074 73% 0.177 0.087 69% 0.210 0.436 64% 0.155 0.132 71%Freon 113 0.057 0.011 35% 0.065 0.023 49% 0.082 0.035 55% 0.093 0.080 76%Carbon Disulfide 0.099 0.060 71% 0.079 0.086 2800%Methyl Ethyl Ketone Not Analyzed 0.157 0.235 20%Hexane 0.260 0.219 89% 0.239 0.219 73%Ethyl Acetate 0.098 0.129 16%Benzene 0.201 0.143 81% 0.384 0.148 100% 0.387 0.272 80% 0.413 0.250 100%Carbon tetrachloride 0.086 0.032 69% 0.089 0.017 95% 0.106 0.052 66% 0.110 0.106 75%Trichloroethylene 0.051 0.004 4% 0.051 0.003 5% 0.056 0.021 11% 0.072 0.044 26%Heptane 0.061 0.040 25% 0.080 0.113 14%Toluene 0.754 0.465 100% 0.706 0.436 100% 0.774 0.498 84% 0.726 0.611 100%Ethylbenzene 0.139 0.075 85% 0.127 0.068 97% 0.126 0.106 57% 0.158 0.187 57%m- & p-Xylene 0.443 0.274 100% 0.446 0.263 97% 0.409 0.362 73% 0.294 0.375 71%Styrene 0.167 0.117 61%o-Xylene 0.173 0.101 100% 0.174 0.103 95% 0.161 0.140 73% 0.123 0.138 45%1-ethyl-4-methylbenzene 0.092 0.048 50% 0.116 0.107 49%1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 0.082 0.085 27%1,2,4-Trimethyl-benzene 0.178 0.167 61%Benzyl chloride 0.100 0.128 14%1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 0.064 0.099 2%

Not AnalyzedNot AnalyzedNot AnalyzedNot Analyzed

Not AnalyzedNot Analyzed

Not AnalyzedNot AnalyzedNot AnalyzedNot Analyzed

Not Analyzed

Not Analyzed

Not AnalyzedNot AnalyzedNot AnalyzedNot AnalyzedNot Analyzed

Not AnalyzedNot AnalyzedNot AnalyzedNot Analyzed

Not AnalyzedNot Analyzed

Not AnalyzedNot AnalyzedNot AnalyzedNot Analyzed

Not Analyzed

Not Analyzed

Not Analyzed

Not AnalyzedNot Analyzed

Not AnalyzedNot AnalyzedNot AnalyzedNot Analyzed

Not Analyzed

Not Analyzed

Not AnalyzedNot Analyzed

• Percent Detect: Percent of total samples with detected values.• nd: Not detected in any of the samples.

VOC Annual Summaries: Winston-SalemHattie Avenue 2002 2003 2004 2005

24 Total Samples 30 Total Samples 55 Total Samples 49 Total Samples

ChemicalMean (ppbv)

Std Dev

Percent Detects

Mean (ppbv)

Std Dev

Percent Detects

Mean (ppbv)

Std Dev

Percent Detects

Mean (ppbv)

Std Dev

Percent Detects

Freon 12 0.643 0.251 100% 0.672 0.330 100% 0.693 0.232 89% 0.722 0.552 98%Methyl chloride Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.474 0.412 59%1,3-Butadiene Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.231 0.347 45% 0.052 0.011 2%Chloroethane Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.386 0.428 45%Ethanol Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 1.876 3.117 37%Freon 11 0.255 0.144 100% 0.251 0.037 100% 0.260 0.089 93% 0.274 0.216 98%Acetone Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 5.312 3.364 94%Isopropyl Alcohol Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.336 0.976 18%Methylene chloride 0.104 0.073 50% 0.188 0.060 67% 0.134 0.105 67% 0.158 0.224 55%Freon 113 0.053 0.008 17% 0.060 0.019 27% 0.079 0.035 61% 0.097 0.100 61%Carbon Disulfide Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.095 0.084 42% 0.074 0.085 12%Methyl Ethyl Ketone Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.132 0.228 14%Hexane Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.234 0.160 87% 0.214 0.397 63%Ethyl Acetate Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.123 0.177 25%Benzene 0.174 0.101 75% 0.358 0.160 100% 0.354 0.156 98% 0.442 0.462 100%Carbon tetrachloride 0.079 0.025 67% 0.086 0.015 97% 0.103 0.046 72% 0.130 0.167 65%Trichloroethylene 0.050 ----- nd 0.050 ----- nd 0.060 0.024 28% 0.060 0.028 16%Heptane Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.054 0.013 13% 0.101 0.314 8%Toluene 0.563 0.273 100% 0.700 0.506 100% 0.745 0.441 98% 0.610 0.441 100%Ethylbenzene 0.100 0.062 71% 0.144 0.117 90% 0.144 0.117 65% 0.128 0.140 43%m- & p-Xylene 0.297 0.152 96% 0.412 0.258 100% 0.354 0.276 87% 0.189 0.223 55%Styrene Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.090 0.087 20%o-Xylene 0.119 0.060 88% 0.161 0.096 97% 0.172 0.138 70% 0.081 0.074 27%1-ethyl-4-methylbenzene Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.080 0.039 48% 0.078 0.053 29%1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.054 0.014 10%1,2,4-Trimethyl-benzene Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.125 0.116 45%Benzyl chloride Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.076 0.090 10%1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.066 0.109 2%

• nd: Not detected in any of the samples• Percent Detect: Percent of total samples with detected values.

VOC Annual Summaries: RaleighMillbrook 2002 2003 2004 2005

25 Total Samples 21 Total Samples

ChemicalMean (ppbv)

Std Dev

Percent Detects

Mean (ppbv)

Std Dev

Percent Detects

Mean (ppbv)

Std Dev

Percent Detects

Mean (ppbv)

Std Dev

Percent Detects

Freon 12 0.598 0.202 84% 0.592 0.121 100%Methyl chloride Not Analyzed 0.454 0.324 76%1,3-Butadiene Site not in operation Site not in operation 0.100 0.110 40% 0.247 0.766 19%Chloroethane Not Analyzed 0.357 0.330 67%Ethanol Not Analyzed 1.398 2.215 52%Freon 11 0.232 0.122 92% 0.216 0.078 100%Acetone Not Analyzed 2.697 1.782 90%Isopropyl Alcohol Not Analyzed 0.065 0.049 10%Methylene chloride 0.137 0.125 80% 0.097 0.080 52%Freon 113 0.093 0.045 88% 0.068 0.040 90%Carbon Disulfide 0.108 0.129 52% 0.050 ----- ndMethyl Ethyl Ketone Not Analyzed 0.050 0.001 10%Hexane 0.213 0.245 64% 0.224 0.229 67%Ethyl Acetate Not Analyzed 0.067 0.064 10%Benzene 0.301 0.222 92% 0.404 0.275 100%Carbon tetrachloride 0.131 0.122 80% 0.081 0.047 95%Trichloroethylene 0.050 0.001 4% 0.050 0.009 5%Heptane Site not in operation Site not in operation 0.054 0.018 8% 0.056 0.033 19%Toluene 0.536 0.460 100% 0.568 0.564 100%Ethylbenzene 0.079 0.070 28% 0.088 0.081 48%m- & p-Xylene 0.203 0.270 56% 0.255 0.324 57%Styrene Not Analyzed 0.103 ----- 38%o-Xylene 0.090 0.092 32% 0.102 0.108 48%1-ethyl-4-methylbenzene 0.074 0.061 24% 0.081 0.071 38%1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene Not Analyzed 0.057 0.063 29%1,2,4-Trimethyl-benzene Not Analyzed 0.138 0.159 38%Benzyl chloride Not Analyzed 0.050 ----- nd1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene Not Analyzed 0.050 ----- nd

• nd: Not detected in any of the samples• Percent Detect: Percent of total samples with detected values.

VOC Annual Summaries: RTPRTP 2002 2003 2004 2005

32 Total Samples 52 Total Samples

ChemicalMean (ppbv)

Std Dev

Percent Detects

Mean (ppbv)

Std Dev

Percent Detects

Mean (ppbv)

Std Dev

Percent Detects

Mean (ppbv)

Std Dev

Percent Detects

Freon 12 0.571 0.121 81% 0.573 0.143 100%Methyl chloride Not Analyzed 0.270 0.296 48%1,3-Butadiene Site not in operation Site not in operation 0.072 0.044 22% 0.050 ----- ndChloroethane Not Analyzed 0.218 0.279 38%Ethanol Not Analyzed 2.322 10.658 19%Freon 11 0.300 0.333 94% 4.300 28.556 98%Acetone Not Analyzed 3.249 2.839 96%Isopropyl Alcohol Not Analyzed 0.050 ----- ndMethylene chloride 0.802 2.444 91% 0.119 0.084 67%Freon 113 0.091 0.036 72% 0.075 0.039 87%Carbon Disulfide 0.343 1.276 56% 0.075 0.095 29%Methyl Ethyl Ketone Not Analyzed 0.065 0.079 6%Hexane 0.462 1.723 56% 0.085 0.087 56%Ethyl Acetate Not Analyzed 0.052 0.012 2%Benzene 0.262 0.151 100% 0.225 0.121 100%Carbon tetrachloride 0.104 0.042 75% 0.090 0.080 94%Trichloroethylene 0.053 0.010 9% 0.056 0.027 15%Heptane Site not in operation Site not in operation 0.050 ----- nd 0.050 0.005 6%Toluene 0.331 0.271 94% 0.246 0.271 98%Ethylbenzene 0.064 0.036 25% 0.075 0.067 42%m- & p-Xylene 0.138 0.166 44% 0.071 0.078 17%Styrene Not Analyzed 0.143 0.137 44%o-Xylene 0.073 0.059 25% 0.053 0.022 13%1-ethyl-4-methylbenzene 0.065 0.051 16% 0.054 0.020 17%1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene Not Analyzed 0.048 0.014 12%1,2,4-Trimethyl-benzene Not Analyzed 0.067 0.049 21%Benzyl chloride Not Analyzed 0.071 0.089 6%1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene Not Analyzed 0.050 ----- nd

• nd: Not detected in any of the samples• Percent Detect: Percent of total samples with detected values.

VOC Annual Summaries: WilmingtonBATTLESHIP 2002 2003 2004 2005

4 Total Samples 42 Total Samples

ChemicalMean (ppbv)

Std Dev

Percent Detects

Mean (ppbv)

Std Dev

Percent Detects

Mean (ppbv)

Std Dev

Percent Detects

Mean (ppbv)

Std Dev

Percent Detects

Freon 12 0.582 0.059 100% 0.569 0.090 100%Methyl chloride Not Analyzed 0.388 0.338 60%1,3-Butadiene Site not in operation Site not in operation 1.142 1.945 50% 0.069 0.065 12%Chloroethane Not Analyzed 0.318 0.350 45%Ethanol Not Analyzed 4.727 6.372 50%Freon 11 0.253 0.072 100% 0.417 0.831 95%Acetone Not Analyzed 3.668 3.398 90%Isopropyl Alcohol Not Analyzed 0.126 0.489 2%Methylene chloride 0.108 0.084 50% 0.110 0.070 71%Freon 113 0.071 0.041 50% 0.082 0.036 90%Carbon Disulfide 0.051 0.002 25% 0.176 0.375 69%Methyl Ethyl Ketone Not Analyzed 0.111 0.201 12%Hexane 0.384 0.440 100% 0.129 0.190 50%Ethyl Acetate Not Analyzed 0.108 0.166 14%Benzene 0.434 0.273 100% 0.240 0.115 100%Carbon tetrachloride 0.068 0.031 50% 0.089 0.044 93%Trichloroethylene 0.125 0.091 50% 0.140 0.107 71%Heptane Site not in operation Site not in operation 0.100 0.099 25% 0.052 0.021 7%Toluene 0.719 0.663 100% 0.328 0.329 100%Ethylbenzene 0.107 0.067 50% 0.125 0.199 43%m- & p-Xylene 1.201 0.884 100% 0.289 0.687 55%Styrene Not Analyzed 0.158 0.134 48%o-Xylene 0.166 0.134 50% 0.056 0.045 26%1-ethyl-4-methylbenzene 0.070 0.034 25% 0.060 0.038 21%1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene Not Analyzed 0.052 0.021 14%1,2,4-Trimethyl-benzene Not Analyzed 0.082 0.111 21%Benzyl chloride Not Analyzed 0.079 0.105 7%1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene Not Analyzed 0.050 ----- nd

• nd: Not detected in any of the samples• Percent Detect: Percent of total samples with detected values.

VOC Annual Summaries: CandorCandor 2002 2003 2004 2005

19 Total Samples 19 Total Samples 58 Total Samples 54 Total Samples

ChemicalMean (ppbv)

Std Dev

Percent Detects

Mean (ppbv)

Std Dev

Percent Detects

Mean (ppbv)

Std Dev

Percent Detects

Mean (ppbv)

Std Dev

Percent Detects

Freon 12 0.480 0.116 100% 0.568 0.138 100% 0.613 0.106 90% 0.551 0.138 98%Methyl chloride Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.370 0.334 60%1,3-Butadiene Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.051 0.004 4% 0.051 0.010 2%Chloroethane Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.345 0.350 52%Ethanol Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.360 1.245 17%Freon 11 0.218 0.112 95% 0.262 0.040 100% 0.270 0.091 97% 0.445 1.569 96%Acetone Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 2.815 1.742 92%Isopropyl Alcohol Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.050 ----- ndMethylene chloride 0.099 0.075 58% 0.187 0.012 32% 0.108 0.093 48% 0.092 0.064 69%Freon 113 0.055 ----- nd 0.072 0.022 63% 0.077 0.033 52% 0.066 0.041 87%Carbon Disulfide Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.084 0.095 46% 0.065 0.049 25%Methyl Ethyl Ketone Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.075 0.120 6%Hexane Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.078 0.070 21% 0.077 0.078 35%Ethyl Acetate Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.053 0.026 4%Benzene 0.107 0.065 63% 0.186 0.213 100% 0.149 0.062 88% 0.179 0.085 100%Carbon tetrachloride 0.068 0.025 42% 0.094 0.017 100% 0.104 0.038 83% 0.101 0.122 94%Trichloroethylene 0.050 ----- nd 0.050 ----- nd 0.051 0.004 2% 0.056 0.031 8%Heptane Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.050 ----- nd 0.050 0.007 4%Toluene 0.109 0.061 68% 0.134 0.033 100% 0.128 0.066 83% 0.127 0.136 75%Ethylbenzene 0.051 0.002 21% 0.050 0.001 5% 0.056 0.019 17% 0.062 0.050 31%m- & p-Xylene 0.074 0.034 37% 0.076 0.019 100% 0.077 0.039 38% 0.065 0.072 15%Styrene Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.065 0.053 10%o-Xylene 0.053 0.010 21% 0.050 0.002 5% 0.053 0.007 19% 0.053 0.019 10%1-ethyl-4-methylbenzene Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.054 0.009 14% 0.053 0.022 2%1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.052 0.012 2%1,2,4-Trimethyl-benzene Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.056 0.027 8%Benzyl chloride Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.083 0.117 8%1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene Not Analyzed Not Analyzed Not Analyzed 0.062 0.088 2%

• nd: Not detected in any of the samples• Percent Detect: Percent of total samples with detected values.

Carbonyl Annual Summaries: Candor/RTPCANDOR 2003 2004 2005 All Years

8 Samples 24 Samples 26 Samples 58 Samples

Ave #Detect freq Ave #Detect freq Ave #Detect freq Ave #Detect freq

2,5-Dimethylbenzaldehyde nd 1 13% nd 1 4% nd 0 0% nd 2 3%

Acetaldehyde 0.874 8 100% 0.579 23 96% 0.433 24 92% 0.586 58 100%

Acetone 0.742 8 100% 0.693 24 100% 0.396 24 92% 0.567 56 97%

Benzaldehyde 0.022 8 100% 0.021 24 100% 0.012 18 69% 0.017 50 86%

Butyraldehyde 0.195 8 100% 0.073 24 100% 0.042 21 81% 0.076 53 91%

Crotonaldehyde 0.060 6 75% 0.136 24 100% 0.126 19 73% 0.121 49 84%

Formaldehyde 1.671 8 100% 1.457 24 100% 0.930 24 92% 1.302 58 100%

Hexaldehyde 0.044 8 100% 0.029 24 100% 0.015 21 81% 0.025 53 91%

Isovaleraldehyde 0.014 4 50% 0.011 13 54% 0.007 9 35% 0.010 26 45%

Propionaldehyde 0.101 7 88% 0.088 24 100% 0.057 21 81% 0.076 52 90%

Tolualdehydes 0.041 8 100% 0.023 24 100% 0.013 25 96% 0.021 57 98%

Valeraldehyde 0.045 8 100% 0.026 24 100% 0.020 19 73% 0.026 51 88%

RTP 2003 2004 2005 All Years12 Samples 28 Samples 40 Samples

Ave #Detect freq Ave #Detect freq Ave #Detect freq Ave #Detect freq2,5-Dimethylbenzaldehyde nd 0 0% nd 0 0% nd 0 0%Acetaldehyde 0.473 12 100% 0.683 24 86% 0.620 40 100%Acetone 0.549 12 100% 0.648 24 86% 0.619 40 100%Benzaldehyde 0.016 12 100% 0.015 22 79% 0.015 34 85%Butyraldehyde 0.046 12 100% 0.046 22 79% 0.046 34 85%Crotonaldehyde 0.044 11 92% 0.083 21 75% 0.071 35 88%Formaldehyde 0.970 12 100% 1.205 24 86% 1.135 40 100%Hexaldehyde 0.006 7 58% 0.007 17 61% 0.007 24 60%Isovaleraldehyde 0.006 3 25% 0.004 3 11% 0.004 6 15%Propionaldehyde 0.040 11 92% 0.106 22 79% 0.086 37 93%Tolualdehydes 0.005 5 42% 0.007 15 54% 0.007 24 60%Valeraldehyde 0.009 9 75% 0.014 19 68% 0.013 32 80%