35
DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.2003 1 REPORT ON UAT impact on DME Compatibility measurement description and results; Frequency Planning Criteria Prepared by Thomas Taffner, WTD81; Helmut Günzel, DFS; Otto Lindenau,DFS; Dr. Armin Schlereth, DFS

UAT-SWG04-WP02 - DFS UAT Impact on DME working groups library/ACP-WG-C-UAT-4/UAT-SWG04-WP02...QUAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B ... Tx at DME victim

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Page 1: UAT-SWG04-WP02 - DFS UAT Impact on DME working groups library/ACP-WG-C-UAT-4/UAT-SWG04-WP02...QUAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B ... Tx at DME victim

DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH

Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.20031

REPORT ON

UAT impact on DME

Compatibility measurement description and results;

Frequency Planning Criteria

Prepared byThomas Taffner, WTD81; Helmut Günzel, DFS; Otto Lindenau,DFS;

Dr. Armin Schlereth, DFS

Page 2: UAT-SWG04-WP02 - DFS UAT Impact on DME working groups library/ACP-WG-C-UAT-4/UAT-SWG04-WP02...QUAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B ... Tx at DME victim

DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH

Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.20032

Contents

• Introduction

• Test procedures

• Scenario 1: Interference load with continual overlapQ test procedure detailsQ interference criteriaQ results

• Scenario 2: Interference load with random overlapQ test procedure detailsQ interference criteriaQ results

• Conclusion

Page 3: UAT-SWG04-WP02 - DFS UAT Impact on DME working groups library/ACP-WG-C-UAT-4/UAT-SWG04-WP02...QUAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B ... Tx at DME victim

DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH

Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.20033

Introduction

Q AMCP/8 (Febr. 2003) decided to pursue development of SARPs for UAT

Q UAT Subgroup of ACP – WG/C established to conduct validation of UAT

Q UAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B

Q FAA plans for operational usage of UAT in Alaska region on 978 MHz frequency (17X DME reply channel)

Q In Europe DME channel 17X is used on 7 locations

Q Consequence: Compatibility measurements have been conducted specifically dealing with European requirements

Page 4: UAT-SWG04-WP02 - DFS UAT Impact on DME working groups library/ACP-WG-C-UAT-4/UAT-SWG04-WP02...QUAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B ... Tx at DME victim

DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH

Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.20034

Test Procedures

Q UAT interference on DME reply channel under extreme conditionsQ Each DME reply pulse pair permanently overlapped with interference signalQ Test exercise conducted at DFS labs in Langen (Germany)

Scenario 1: Interference load with continual overlap

Scenario 2: Interference load with random overlap

Q Based on Core Europe Traffic Scenario for the year 2015 called CE2015Q High fidelity interference load created with signal generator controlled by a

PCQ Use of JHU-APL data file to get power distribution of received UAT-ADS-B

Tx at DME victim interrogator RxQ DME victim located at 37000 ft altitude in centre of CE2015Q Test exercise conducted at WTD81 of German Forces in Greding (Germany)

Page 5: UAT-SWG04-WP02 - DFS UAT Impact on DME working groups library/ACP-WG-C-UAT-4/UAT-SWG04-WP02...QUAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B ... Tx at DME victim

DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH

Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.20035

Test Procedures

Overview of DME devices under test

XXKing KN-65A

XXCollins TCR-451

XX Rockwell Collins DME 42

XX Rockwell Collins DME 40

XXXRockwell Collins DME 900

Scenario 2Scenario 1DMEDME / TACAN type

Page 6: UAT-SWG04-WP02 - DFS UAT Impact on DME working groups library/ACP-WG-C-UAT-4/UAT-SWG04-WP02...QUAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B ... Tx at DME victim

DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH

Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.20036

Scenario 1: Test Signals

BurstedCPFSK with RC pulse shape filterη = 0.6α = 0.5

Type d

ContinualCW signalType c

ContinualCPFSK with RC pulse shape filterη = 0.6α = 0.5

Type b

ContinualGaussian FSK withη = 0.68

f3dBT = 0.83

Type a

Tx characteristicModulation SchemeType

Bit-rate : fb = 1041667 Bits/s

Page 7: UAT-SWG04-WP02 - DFS UAT Impact on DME working groups library/ACP-WG-C-UAT-4/UAT-SWG04-WP02...QUAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B ... Tx at DME victim

DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH

Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.20037

Scenario 1: Test Signals – Type a spectrum

Page 8: UAT-SWG04-WP02 - DFS UAT Impact on DME working groups library/ACP-WG-C-UAT-4/UAT-SWG04-WP02...QUAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B ... Tx at DME victim

DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH

Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.20038

Scenario 1: Test Signals – Type b spectrum

Page 9: UAT-SWG04-WP02 - DFS UAT Impact on DME working groups library/ACP-WG-C-UAT-4/UAT-SWG04-WP02...QUAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B ... Tx at DME victim

DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH

Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.20039

Scenario 1: Measurement Settings

20 % - 100 % (10 % grid )(70 % as nominal value)

Beacon Reply Efficiency (BRE)

2700, 3600, 5400Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) at the DME beacon [ppps]

-66, -76, -83DME interrogator desired signal input power values [dBm]

0, ±1, ± 2DME channel to interferer channel separation [MHz]

66X (1153 MHz)DME channel

Page 10: UAT-SWG04-WP02 - DFS UAT Impact on DME working groups library/ACP-WG-C-UAT-4/UAT-SWG04-WP02...QUAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B ... Tx at DME victim

DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH

Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.200310

Scenario 1: Interference CriteriaQ Starting with low interference power values and DUT acquired

Q Interference power increased in 1 dB steps

Q At each power setting observation time of 2 minutes used

Q In case distance or velocity indication of DME changed permanently, this

value was noted as BSOP (Break Stable Operating Point)

Q Then power values have been decreased in 1 dB steps

Q At each power setting observation time of 2 minutes used to consider

distance and velocity indication of DUT

Q In case DUT was able to re-acquire this value was noted as ASOP

(Acquire Stable Operating Point)

Q These ASOP values will be used to calculate required distances between

interferer and victim based on free space loss

Q Minimum separation distance is 2000 ft/0,33 nm (parallel flight trajectories)

Page 11: UAT-SWG04-WP02 - DFS UAT Impact on DME working groups library/ACP-WG-C-UAT-4/UAT-SWG04-WP02...QUAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B ... Tx at DME victim

DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH

Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.200311

Scenario 1: Test-setupEFIS DME Interrogator Chan 66 X / 133,90 MHz

DSP 86 ARINC Collins DME 900 TX = 1090 MHz429 Po = 59,5 dBm /57,5 dBm

DME Testpanel Pi = -83 dBm

d(1153) = 24,6 dB

Trigger Gen.

ARINC 429 Test

Data Trac 400 Coupler SA Pulse Generator

R&S FASA Video HP 8110 AOut ext. Trig. In

1 Oscilloscope

Circulator LeCroy 9350 AL2 3

MonitorPar Data

d(1090) = 80 dB Trig in

Direct. Coup. Uniline Direct. Coupler Signal Generator

20 dB UAT Simulator

R&S SMIQ 3 1-2 20 dB

20 dB

UAT Monitor

Circulator R&S FSIQ 31 3

2Chan 66 X / 133,90 MHz

TX = 1153 MHz

Signal Generator Pi = 55,7 dBmDME P0 = -80,5 dBm

JCAir SDX 2000 Reff = 70 %Sq. Rate = 2700/3600/5400 PP/S

Range = 10 Nm

test setup:

UAT versus DME

60 dB

Ref Lvl 0 dBm 0 dBmRef Lvl 0 dBm 0 dBm

CF 978 MHzSR 1.04167 MHz

Meas SignalEye [I]

Demod 2FSK

T1

A REAL

0 2SYMBOLS-200m

250m

11

Marker 1 [T1] 0.04 sym Real -125.372 m

Date: 22.NOV.2002 10:07:56

A

1RM

Unit dBmSWT 1 sMixer -20 dBm

RBW 100 kHzVBW 100 kHz

RF Att 0 dBRef Lvl-10 dBmRef Lvl-10 dBm

400 kHz/Center 980 MHz Span 4 MHz

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-110

-10

1

1

Marker 1 [T1] -21.14 dBm 978.01000000 MHz

Date: 26.NOV.2002 10:32:44

RBW 1 MHz

VBW 1 MHz

A

Unit dBm

TRG

Ref Lvl

-40 dBm

Ref Lvl

-40 dBm

RF Att 10 dB

SWT 500 s

Center 1.153 GHz 50 s/

1VIEW 1MA

-85

-80

-75

-70

-65

-60

-55

-50

-45

-90

-40

TR

Date: 19.FEB.2003 15:22:56

Page 12: UAT-SWG04-WP02 - DFS UAT Impact on DME working groups library/ACP-WG-C-UAT-4/UAT-SWG04-WP02...QUAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B ... Tx at DME victim

DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH

Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.200312

Scenario 1: Results - sensitivitySettings:Q Channel 66X (1153 MHz)Q BRE = 70 %Q PRF = 2700 ppps

--86,5-88,5-89,5DME 40 -Sensitivity [dBm]

-102,5--101,5-100,5DME 900 -Sensitivity [dBm]

3002501000Distance [nm]

Results:

Page 13: UAT-SWG04-WP02 - DFS UAT Impact on DME working groups library/ACP-WG-C-UAT-4/UAT-SWG04-WP02...QUAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B ... Tx at DME victim

DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH

Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.200313

Scenario 1: Results – DME 900

DME 900 - ASOP for different interference types (2700 ppps, 70% BRE)

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

UAT Frequency Offset [MHz]

Inte

rfer

ence

Lev

el [

dBm

]

ASOP - Type a Int @ -83 dBm

ASOP - Type b Int @ -83 dBm

ASOP - Type c Int @ -83 dBm

ASOP - Type d Int @ -83 dBm

DME 900 - BSOP for different interference types (2700 ppps, 70% BRE)

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

UAT Frequency Offset [MHz]

Inte

rfer

ence

Lev

el [

dBm

]

BSOP - Type a Int @ -83 dBm

BSOP - Type b Int @ -83 dBm

BSOP - Type c Int @ -83 dBm

BSOP - Type d Int @ -83 dBm

Figure 3-1 Figure 3-2

Page 14: UAT-SWG04-WP02 - DFS UAT Impact on DME working groups library/ACP-WG-C-UAT-4/UAT-SWG04-WP02...QUAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B ... Tx at DME victim

DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH

Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.200314

Scenario 1: Results – DME 900

DME 900 - ASOP impact of ppps (Type d Interferer, 70% BRE)

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

UAT Frequency Offset [MHz]

Inte

rfer

ence

Lev

el [

dBm

]

ASOP - 2700 ppps @ -83 dBm

ASOP - 3600 ppps @ -83 dBm

ASOP - 5400 ppps @ -83 dBm

DME 900 - BSOP impact of ppps (Type d Interferer, 70%BRE)

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

UAT Frequency Offset [MHz]

Inte

rfer

ence

Lev

el [

dBm

]

BSOP - 2700 ppps @ -83 dBm

BSOP - 3600 ppps @ -83 dBm

BSOP - 5400 ppps @ -83 dBm

Figure 3-3 Figure 3-4

Page 15: UAT-SWG04-WP02 - DFS UAT Impact on DME working groups library/ACP-WG-C-UAT-4/UAT-SWG04-WP02...QUAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B ... Tx at DME victim

DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH

Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.200315

Scenario 1: Results – DME 900

DME 900 - ASOP impact of desired signal level (Type d Interferer, 70% BRE)

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

UAT Frequency Offset [MHz]

Inte

rfer

ence

Lev

el [

dBm

]

ASOP - 2700 ppps @ -83 dBm

ASOP - 2700 ppps @ -76 dBm

ASOP - 2700 ppps @ -66 dBm

DME 900 - BSOP impact of desired signal level (Type d Interferer, 70% BRE)

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

UAT Frequency Offset [MHz]

Inte

rfer

ence

Lev

el [

dBm

]

BSOP - 2700 ppps @ -83 dBm

BSOP - 2700 ppps @ -76 dBm

BSOP - 2700 ppps @ -66 dBm

Figure 3-5 Figure 3-6

Page 16: UAT-SWG04-WP02 - DFS UAT Impact on DME working groups library/ACP-WG-C-UAT-4/UAT-SWG04-WP02...QUAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B ... Tx at DME victim

DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH

Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.200316

Scenario 1: Results DME 900 - Summary• ASOP and BSOP values differ only 1 – 2 dB (BSOP > ASOP)• Figure 3-1/3-2: Impact of different interferer types

Q Co-channel interference behaviour independent of interferer typeQ Type a, b, d: Similar results for first adjacent channelQ Type a, b, d: Type a exploits UAT-RF-mask “better” than Type b and d, therefore

Type a causes poorer DME performance at second adjacent channelQ Type b, d: No impact whether it is continual or bursted interference

• Figure 3-3/3-4: Impact of pppsQ No perceivable sensitivity in the range 2700 to 5400 ppps

• Figure 3-5/3-6: Impact of desired signal level (DSL)Q Linear relation between DSL and ASOP/BSOP values

• No Figure: Impact of BREQ For reference settings (2700 ppps, -83 dBm DSL) and Type d interferer:

Ø ASOP/BSOP values showed no dependency on BRE in the range 30 % to 100%

Ø No stable operating point reached for BRE = 20 % (DUT not specified)

Page 17: UAT-SWG04-WP02 - DFS UAT Impact on DME working groups library/ACP-WG-C-UAT-4/UAT-SWG04-WP02...QUAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B ... Tx at DME victim

DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH

Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.200317

Scenario 1: Results – DME 40

DME 40 - ASOP for different interference types (2700 ppps, 70% BRE)

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

UAT Frequency Offset [MHz]

Inte

rfer

ence

Lev

el [

dBm

]

ASOP - Type a Int @ -83 dBm

ASOP - Type b Int @ -83 dBm

ASOP - Type c Int @ -83 dBm

ASOP - Type d Int @ -83 dBm

DME 40 - BSOP for different interference types (2700 ppps, 70% BRE)

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

UAT Frequency Offset [MHz]

Inte

rfer

ence

Lev

el [

dBm

]

BSOP - Type a Int @ -83 dBm

BSOP - Type b Int @ -83 dBm

BSOP - Type c Int @ -83 dBm

BSOP - Type d Int @ -83 dBm

Figure 3-7 Figure 3-8

Page 18: UAT-SWG04-WP02 - DFS UAT Impact on DME working groups library/ACP-WG-C-UAT-4/UAT-SWG04-WP02...QUAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B ... Tx at DME victim

DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH

Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.200318

Scenario 1: Results – DME 40

DME 40 - ASOP impact of ppps (Type d Interferer, 70% BRE)

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

UAT Frequency Offset [MHz]

Inte

rfer

ence

Lev

el [

dBm

]

ASOP - 2700 ppps @ -83 dBm

ASOP - 3600 ppps @ -83 dBm

ASOP - 5400 ppps @ -83 dBm

DME 40 - BSOP impact of ppps (Type d Interferer, 70% BRE)

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

UAT Frequency Offset [MHz]

Inte

rfer

ence

Lev

el [

dBm

]

BSOP - 2700 ppps @ -83 dBm

BSOP - 3600 ppps @ -83 dBm

BSOP - 5400 ppps @ -83 dBm

Figure 3-9 Figure 3-10

Page 19: UAT-SWG04-WP02 - DFS UAT Impact on DME working groups library/ACP-WG-C-UAT-4/UAT-SWG04-WP02...QUAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B ... Tx at DME victim

DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH

Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.200319

Scenario 1: Results – DME 40

DME 40 - ASOP impact of desired signal level (Type d Interferer, 70% BRE)

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

UAT Frequency Offset [MHz]

Inte

rfer

ence

Lev

el [

dBm

]

ASOP - 2700 ppps @ -83 dBm

ASOP - 2700 ppps @ -76 dBm

ASOP - 2700 ppps @ -66 dBm

DME 40 - BSOP impact of desired signal level (Type d Interferer, 70% BRE)

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

UAT Frequency Offset [MHz]

Inte

rfer

ence

Lev

el [

dBm

]

BSOP - 2700 ppps @ -83 dBm

BSOP - 2700 ppps @ -76 dBm

BSOP - 2700 ppps @ -66 dBm

Figure 3-11 Figure 3-12

Page 20: UAT-SWG04-WP02 - DFS UAT Impact on DME working groups library/ACP-WG-C-UAT-4/UAT-SWG04-WP02...QUAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B ... Tx at DME victim

DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH

Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.200320

Scenario 1: Results DME 40 - Summary• ASOP and BSOP values differ 2 dB and more (BSOP > ASOP)• Figure 3-7/3-8: Impact of different interferer types

Q Type a, b, d: Type d as the only bursted interferer signal provides best DME performance of all three modulated interferer types

Q Type a, b, c: Co-channel behaviour nearly identical for all three continual interfererQ Type a, b: Quite similar DME performance at first adjacent channelsQ Type a, b, d: Type a exploits UAT-RF-mask “better” than Type b and d, therefore

Type a causes poorer DME performance at second adjacent channel

• Figure 3-9/3-10: Impact of pppsQ Perceivable sensitivity in the range 2700 to 5400 ppps only at second adjacent

channel

• Figure 3-11/3-12: Impact of desired signal level (DSL)Q Linear relation between DSL and ASOP/BSOP values

• No Figure: Impact of BREQ For reference settings (2700 ppps, -83 dBm DSL) and Type d interferer:

Ø ASOP/BSOP values showed no dependency on BRE in the range 50 % to 100%Ø At BRE = 40 % DME performance started to degrade with no stable operating point

reached for BRE = 20 % (DUT not specified)

Page 21: UAT-SWG04-WP02 - DFS UAT Impact on DME working groups library/ACP-WG-C-UAT-4/UAT-SWG04-WP02...QUAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B ... Tx at DME victim

DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH

Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.200321

Scenario 1: Planning criteria

0,026 – 0,04266 - 70““-23““± 2

4,2 – 6,6110 – 114““-67““± 1

52,4 – 83,0132 – 136““-8950 - 54A30

0,01 – 0,01758 – 62““-23““± 2

1,7 – 2,6102 – 106““-67““± 1

20,8 – 33,0124 – 128““-8942 – 46A1H / A20

0,006 – 0,01154,5 – 58,5““-23““± 2

1,1 – 1,898,5 – 102,5““-67““± 1

13,9 – 22,1102,5 – 124,5- 43-8938,5 – 42,5A0 / A1L0

Required distance r

[nm][3]

Required L0[dB]

DME antenna gain

[dBi]2

Cable loss [dB][2]

ASOP interferer level [dBm]

UAT Txpower at antenna [dBm]1

UAT equipment

class[1]

Adj. channel #

DME - 900

[1] According UAT MOPS[2] According ICAO Annex 10, Vol. 1 section 7.2.1 of DME guidance material[3] For fUAT = 978 MHz leading to r[nm] = 1,318 * 10E(-5) * 10E(L0/20)

Page 22: UAT-SWG04-WP02 - DFS UAT Impact on DME working groups library/ACP-WG-C-UAT-4/UAT-SWG04-WP02...QUAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B ... Tx at DME victim

DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH

Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.200322

Scenario 1: Planning criteria

0,02 – 0,0364 - 68““-21““± 2

4,7 – 7,4111 – 115““-68““± 1

37,1 – 58,7129 – 133““-8650 - 54A30

0,008 –0,013

56 – 60““-21““± 2

1,9 – 2,9103 – 107““-68““± 1

14,8 – 23,4121 – 125““-8642 – 46A1H / A20

0,005 –0,008

52,5 – 56,5““-21““± 2

1,2 – 2,099,5 – 103,5““-68““± 1

9,9 – 15,6117,5 – 121,5- 43-8638,5 – 42,5A0 / A1L0

Required distance r

[nm][3]

Required L0[dB]

DME antenna gain [dBi]5

Cable loss [dB][2]

ASOP interferer

level [dBm]

UAT Txpower at antenna [dBm]4

UAT equipment

class[1]

Adj. channel #

DME - 40

[1] According UAT MOPS[2] According ICAO Annex 10, Vol. 1 section 7.2.1 of DME guidance material[3] For fUAT = 978 MHz leading to r[nm] = 1,318 * 10E(-5) * 10E(L0/20)

Page 23: UAT-SWG04-WP02 - DFS UAT Impact on DME working groups library/ACP-WG-C-UAT-4/UAT-SWG04-WP02...QUAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B ... Tx at DME victim

DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH

Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.200323

Scenario 2: CE2015

• 2091 aircraft are included (both airborne and ground)

• 5 major TMAs are considered (Brussels, Amsterdam, London, Paris, Frankfurt)

• Each TMA characterised by:Q The inner region (10 nm radius) contains 29 aircraft at lower altitudesQ The outer region (50 nm radius) contains 103 aircraft at mid to higher altitudesQ 25 aircraft on ground (5 nm radius) plus 25 aircraft randomly distributed throughout

the entire scenario area

• Additional enroute aircraft distributed over a circle of 300 nm radius around

Brussels

• Aircraft victim receiver at 37000 ft altitude at centre of scenario above Brussels

Page 24: UAT-SWG04-WP02 - DFS UAT Impact on DME working groups library/ACP-WG-C-UAT-4/UAT-SWG04-WP02...QUAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B ... Tx at DME victim

DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH

Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.200324

Scenario 2: CE2015 – JHU/APL - data

• JHU/APL provided simulation data withQ Interference power values at DME victim RxQ Dedicated reception time instants

-160 -150 -140 -130 -120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -600

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

Victim-RX-Power [dBm] ==>

Nor

mal

ized

Den

sity

==>

JHU-APL data

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Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.200325

Scenario 2: CE2015 – data implementation• UAT bursts with random data• UAT bursts with long transmission format only• Calculated 500 UAT bursts are equally distributed over 1 second superframe• Simulated UAT burst load on DME interrogator:

311287-90 … -96

116116-84 … -90

4343-78 … -84

2121-72 … -78

88-66 … -72

11-60 … -66

# of bursts used in WTD81 tests

# of bursts according JHU-APL data

Power level classes [dBm]

• For each power level class always the highest value used• Identical 1 second superframe UAT burst distribution is repeated once a

second• Time jitter of DME signal relative to UAT interference provides sufficient

statistics

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DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH

Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.200326

Scenario 2: Measurement Settings

Type b, dUAT modulation scheme

70 % Beacon Reply Efficiency (BRE)

2700Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) at the DME beacon [ppps]

1 dB grid; range depends on DUTDME interrogator desired signal input power values [dBm]

0, +1DME channel to interferer channel separation [MHz]

17X (978 MHz)DME channel

Page 27: UAT-SWG04-WP02 - DFS UAT Impact on DME working groups library/ACP-WG-C-UAT-4/UAT-SWG04-WP02...QUAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B ... Tx at DME victim

DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH

Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.200327

Scenario 2: Interference Criteria

Q Measurement of Time To Acquire (TTA)

Q 20 samples per DSL with maximum TTA of 2 minutes

Q Maximum track time after DME acquired: 5 seconds

Q Measurement started with high DSL value

Q DSL decreased in 1 dB steps until at least in 5 out of 20 samples DME

acquisition was not possible

Q For each DSL mean and standard deviation of TTA calculated

Q Interference is tolerable, when:

µTTA_INT = max (µTTA + 0,5 [s] ; µTTA + 2 · sTTA)

withµTTA_INT : mean value of TTA in seconds, when interference is presentµTTA : mean value of TTA in seconds without interference @ reference DSL (-76 dBm or -83 dBm)s TTA : standard deviation of TTA in seconds without interference @ reference DSL (-76 dBm or -83 dBm)

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DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH

Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.200328

Scenario 2: Test - setup

UAT SignalSimulation withHP8791 FASS

HP-UXController

Analyzerhp8560E

PPMGT 8501A

Combiner DME

DME/TACANBeacon Sim.

(DTS200)

DUTInterface

PC

EMC shelter

FASS = Frequency Agile Signal Simulator

Page 29: UAT-SWG04-WP02 - DFS UAT Impact on DME working groups library/ACP-WG-C-UAT-4/UAT-SWG04-WP02...QUAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B ... Tx at DME victim

DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH

Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.200329

Scenario 2: Results – DME 900DME 900 at 17X (978 MHz) vs. UAT CE2015

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

-95 -94 -93 -92 -91 -90 -89 -88 -87 -86 -85 -84 -83 -82

DSL [dBm]

TT

A [

s]

Mean (UAT OFF)

Mean (UAT ON)

Std. Dev. (UAT OFF)

Std. Dev. (UAT ON)

DME 900 at 18X (979 MHz) vs. UAT CE2015

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

-95 -94 -93 -92 -91 -90 -89 -88 -87 -86 -85 -84 -83 -82

DSL [dBm]

TT

A [s

]

Mean (UAT OFF)

Mean (UAT ON)

Std. Dev. (UAT OFF)

Std. Dev. (UAT ON)

Figure 4-1

Figure 4-2

Page 30: UAT-SWG04-WP02 - DFS UAT Impact on DME working groups library/ACP-WG-C-UAT-4/UAT-SWG04-WP02...QUAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B ... Tx at DME victim

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Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.200330

Scenario 2: Results – DME 42DME 42 at 17X (978 MHz) vs. UAT CE2015

0

5

10

15

20

25

-90 -89 -88 -87 -86 -85 -84 -83 -82 -81 -80

DSL [dBm]

TT

A [s

]

Mean (UAT OFF)

Mean (UAT ON)

Std. Dev. (UAT OFF)

Std. Dev. (UAT ON)

DME 42 at 18X (979 MHz) vs. UAT CE2015

0

5

10

15

20

25

-90 -89 -88 -87 -86 -85 -84 -83 -82 -81 -80

DSL [dBm]

TT

A [s

]

Mean (UAT OFF)

Mean (UAT ON)

Std. Dev. (UAT OFF)

Std. Dev. (UAT ON)

Figure 4-3

Figure 4-4

Page 31: UAT-SWG04-WP02 - DFS UAT Impact on DME working groups library/ACP-WG-C-UAT-4/UAT-SWG04-WP02...QUAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B ... Tx at DME victim

DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH

Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.200331

Scenario 2: Results – TCR-451TCR-451 at 17X (978 MHz) vs. UAT CE2015

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

-85 -84 -83 -82 -81 -80 -79 -78 -77 -76 -75

DSL [dBm]

TT

A [s

]

Mean (UAT OFF)

Mean (UAT ON)

Std. Dev. (UAT OFF)

Std. Dev. (UAT ON)

TCR-451 at 18X (979 MHz) vs. UAT CE2015

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

-85 -84 -83 -82 -81 -80 -79 -78 -77 -76 -75

DSL [dBm]

TT

A [s

]

Mean (UAT OFF)

Mean (UAT ON)

Std. Dev. (UAT OFF)

Std. Dev. (UAT ON)

Figure 4-5

Figure 4-6

Page 32: UAT-SWG04-WP02 - DFS UAT Impact on DME working groups library/ACP-WG-C-UAT-4/UAT-SWG04-WP02...QUAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B ... Tx at DME victim

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Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.200332

Scenario 2: Results – KN-65AKN-65A at 17X (978 MHz) vs. UAT CE2015

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

-83 -82 -81 -80 -79 -78 -77 -76 -75

DSL [dBm]

TT

A [s

]

Mean (UAT OFF)

Mean (UAT ON)

Std. Dev. (UAT OFF)

Std. Dev. (UAT ON)

KN-65A at 18X (979 MHz) vs. UAT CE2015

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

-83 -82 -81 -80 -79 -78 -77 -76 -75

DSL [dBm]

TT

A [s

]

Mean (UAT OFF)

Mean (UAT ON)

Std. Dev. (UAT OFF)

Std. Dev. (UAT ON)

Figure 4-7

Figure 4-8

Page 33: UAT-SWG04-WP02 - DFS UAT Impact on DME working groups library/ACP-WG-C-UAT-4/UAT-SWG04-WP02...QUAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B ... Tx at DME victim

DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH

Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.200333

Scenario 2: Summary of results

5,926,961,184,6-76KN-65A

3,496,82,042,72-76TCR-451

3,483,550,053,05-83DME 42

1,181,330,130,83-83DME 900

Measured µTTA_INTat ref. DSL (UAT on) [s]

Max. tolerable µTTA-INT at ref. DSL (UAT on) [s]

s TTA at ref. DSL, UAT off [s]

µTTA at ref. DSL, UAT off [s]

Ref. DSL [dBm]

DME type

Page 34: UAT-SWG04-WP02 - DFS UAT Impact on DME working groups library/ACP-WG-C-UAT-4/UAT-SWG04-WP02...QUAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B ... Tx at DME victim

DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH

Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.200334

Conclusion

Scenario 1, Criterion 1:DME interrogator receiving frequencies can be assigned to thesecond or higher adjacent DME channel of the UAT frequency 978 MHz

Scenario 2, Criterion 2:DME interrogator receiving frequencies can be assigned to the UATfrequency 978 MHz and the adjacent DME channels.

But:• Scenario 1, Criterion 1 over-estimates interference• Scenario 2, Criterion 2 under-estimates interference

Page 35: UAT-SWG04-WP02 - DFS UAT Impact on DME working groups library/ACP-WG-C-UAT-4/UAT-SWG04-WP02...QUAT is a single channel system supporting ADS-B, TIS-B and FIS-B ... Tx at DME victim

DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH

Dr. Armin Schlereth / CNS/CN 28.05.200335

Conclusion

Planning criteria for UAT frequency 978 MHz:

The closed assignable DME interrogator receiver frequency Relative to the UAT ADS-B frequency 978 MHz are the first adjacent DME channels.

NOTE: For any other UAT frequency a study on the interference of DME transmissions on UAT victim receiver may be necessary and the proposed rule might not be true. ADS-B scenario is also mentioned explicitly, because Scenario 2 refers to that service only.