Unit 6 The Making of a Surgeon

Dr. NolenDr. Nolen

Unit 6 The Making of a SurgeonUnit 6 The Making of a Surgeon

◆ ◆ Get to know career in medicine in USGet to know career in medicine in US

◆◆ Understand and appreciate the text Understand and appreciate the text

◆◆ Master basic vocabularies, phrases and Master basic vocabularies, phrases and grammatical points.grammatical points.

◆◆ Acquire the reading skill—reading for the Acquire the reading skill—reading for the implied meaning.implied meaning.

◆◆ Improve the pronunciation by listening and Improve the pronunciation by listening and imitationimitation

Teaching objectivesTeaching objectives

Part One: Warming-Up Questions Part One: Warming-Up Questions

Part Two: Background Information Part Two: Background Information

Part Three: Part Three: FastFast ReadingReading

Part Four: Part Four: Detailed Study of the textDetailed Study of the text

Part Five: Part Five: Summary and AssignmentsSummary and Assignments

Teaching Procedures

Part one Warming-Up Questions

◆◆ In your opinion, how can a peIn your opinion, how can a pe

rson be successful?rson be successful?

( hard-working, lucky, opportunity, healthy, intelligent,

self-confident… )

( hard-working, lucky, opportunity, healthy, intelligent,

self-confident… )

◆◆ As far as a doctor is concerned, what shouAs far as a doctor is concerned, what should be the most important factor for him tld be the most important factor for him to be successful?o be successful?

Part one Warming-Up Questions

Part Two Background InformationPart Two Background Information

ⅠⅠ. Three Types of Doctors. Three Types of Doctors ● ● General practitioners General practitioners

●● SpecialistsSpecialists

●● ResearchersResearchers

ⅡⅡ. . Career in Medicine in USCareer in Medicine in US

ⅠⅠ. Three Types of Doctors. Three Types of Doctors


General PractitionersGeneral Practitioners 全科医生

◆ care for patients with all kinds of illness

◆a wide knowledge of all kinds of illness

◆ nice skills in the art of medical practice

Specialists Specialists 专科医生专科医生

◆be engaged in certain field of mengaged in certain field of medicineedicine

◆ special training and skillspecial training and skill

◆dentist, pediatricandentist, pediatrican(( 儿科医生儿科医生 )),, ph physician ysician (( 内科医生内科医生 )), surgeons , surgeons (( 外外

科医生科医生 )) or or obstertrician obstertrician (( 产科医生产科医生

))



ResearchersResearchers 医学研究者医学研究者

◆ devotion to medical research devotion to medical research

◆ teaching future physicians in

medical schools

◆ conducting research programs conducting research programs



BACK

ⅡⅡ. Career in Medicine in US. Career in Medicine in US


a resident 住院医生at a hospital

four years four years of collegeof college

four yearsfour yearsof medical of medical

schoolschool

an internan intern 实习医生实习医生 inin a hospitala hospital

chiefchief residentresident

doctordoctor

BACK

ⅠⅠ. . General idea of the textGeneral idea of the text

A. Skimming and scanningA. Skimming and scanning

B. General idea of the textB. General idea of the text

ⅡⅡ. . Structure of the textStructure of the text

Part Three: Fast ReadingPart Three: Fast Reading

A. Skimming and ScanningA. Skimming and Scanning

B. Main idea of the textB. Main idea of the text

Dr. Nolen, a well-known American surgeon, Dr. Nolen, a well-known American surgeon, reveals to us in this article that he, as a doctor, reveals to us in this article that he, as a doctor, had gone a long way before he became a had gone a long way before he became a surgeon. Then, he explains what quality is surgeon. Then, he explains what quality is essential in the making of a surgeon and at what essential in the making of a surgeon and at what point of time a doctor finally becomes a point of time a doctor finally becomes a surgeon. surgeon.

ⅠⅠ. General idea of the text. General idea of the text

Part Three: Fast ReadingPart Three: Fast Reading

Fast readingFast reading

Answer the questionsAnswer the questions

Ⅱ Ⅱ Comprehension 1,2Comprehension 1,2 on pp.143-144 on pp.143-144

What type is the text, generally?What type is the text, generally?

A. narrationA. narration B. expositionB. exposition C. descriptionC. description D. argumentationD. argumentation

记叙文说明文描述文议论文

Fast readingFast reading

What is the main idea of the text?What is the main idea of the text? A famous surgeon tells about the A famous surgeon tells about the

importance of self-confident from his own importance of self-confident from his own experience.experience.

The text is mainly in the The text is mainly in the pattern. pattern.

A. general-specificA. general-specific

B. problem-solutionB. problem-solution

C. cause-effectC. cause-effect

D. compare-contrastD. compare-contrast

总分问题 - 解决因果比较 - 对比

Part divisionPart division

Main IdeasParasParts

1 1-2

2 3-6

Argument: Confidence makes a surgeon.

Exemplification: Contrastive states of mind in the first few months and last month of my residency.

3 7 Restatement: A surgeon needs conceit.

Text structureText structure

Writing skill

Argumentation

Part I: thesis ( 论点 )

Part II: supporters ( 论据 )

Part III: conclusion ( 结论 )

reasons

examples

topic sentence ( 主题句 )

illustrating ( 举例 )

reasoning ( 说理 )

Part Four : Detailed study of the Part Four : Detailed study of the texttext

The The MakingMaking of a Surgeon of a Surgeon

A famous surgeon tells about the importance of self-confidence from his own experience.

How does a doctor How does a doctor recognizerecognize the point in time the point in time when he is finally a "surgeon"? As my year as when he is finally a "surgeon"? As my year as chief residentchief resident drew to a closdrew to a closee I asked myself this I asked myself this question question on more than one occasionon more than one occasion..

Step one: Paragraph 1 and 2

Part Four : Detailed study of the textPart Four : Detailed study of the text

The answer, I concluded, was self-The answer, I concluded, was self-confidenceconfidence. When you can say to yourself, . When you can say to yourself, "There is "There is nono surgical patient Isurgical patient I cannotcannot treattreat competently, treat just as well as or better than competently, treat just as well as or better than any other surgeon" - then, and not until then, any other surgeon" - then, and not until then, you are indeed a surgeon. you are indeed a surgeon. I was nearing that I was nearing that pointpoint..

Questions to understand paragraph 1 and 2:Questions to understand paragraph 1 and 2:

What question did Dr. Nolen ask himself as the What question did Dr. Nolen ask himself as the year of his chief residency came to an end?year of his chief residency came to an end?

What was his answer? What was his answer?

Paragraph 1 and 2

BACK

1. 1. makingmaking ( n.) the process of being made or coming i ( n.) the process of being made or coming into being or gaining success nto being or gaining success

e.g. The perseverance was the making of the writer.e.g. The perseverance was the making of the writer.

坚忍不拔是这位作家成功的因素。坚忍不拔是这位作家成功的因素。 ◆in the making = in the process of being made; ready t

o be produced e.g. Our plans are still in the making. 我们的计划还在酝酿之中。 ◆ makings= the qualities needed e.g. He has the makings of a good doctor. 他具有成为好医生的素质。

Paragraph 1 and 2

BACK

◆ know or identify (somebody or something) again that one has seen or heard before

e.g. I can hardly recognize you because you’ve changed such a lot.

你变化太大了，我几乎认不出了。◆ admit or be willing to accept somebody or something

as being real We recognized that his act was not right. 我们承认他的行为是不对的。

Paragraph 1 and 2

2. recognize 2. recognize vt.vt.

BACK

3. chief resident3. chief resident

Paragraph 1 and 2

A chief resident is the A chief resident is the

head of a group of doctors head of a group of doctors

who work and live in a who work and live in a

hospital while receiving hospital while receiving

specialized training there, specialized training there,

usually at the final part of usually at the final part of

their medical training.their medical training.

BACK

4. draw to a close 4. draw to a close = come to an end

Paragraph 1 and 2

e.g. This semester is drawing to a close.

5. occasion◆ on occasion = e.g. I meet her on occasion at the club or in the theatre. 我有时在俱乐部或剧院里遇到她。◆ on an occasion : e.g. She had met Tome on an earlier occasion. 她早些时候曾见过 Tom

BACK

sometimes but not often

a time when something happens

6. confidence, confident, confidential 6. confidence, confident, confidential

confidenceconfidence n.n. self-confidenceself-confidence: : confidentconfident adj.adj.

confidentialconfidential adj.adj.

Paragraph 1 and 2

Fill in the blanks with proper words given below.Fill in the blanks with proper words given below.

1. This file contains 1. This file contains information. information.

2. Jeff is very 2. Jeff is very about solving this problem. about solving this problem.

3. We have 3. We have in your abilities . in your abilities .

BACK

feelings that believe sb./sth. is goodfeelings that believe sb./sth. is goodbelieve in oneselfbelieve in oneself

sure that you can do sth. or deal with a situation sure that you can do sth. or deal with a situation successfullysuccessfully

spoken or written in secret and intended to be kept;spoken or written in secret and intended to be kept; be trusted with secret information.be trusted with secret information.

confidentialconfidential

confidentconfident

confidenceconfidence

Paragraph 1 and 2

7. There is no surgical patient I cannot treat competently.

◆Why does the author use double negation here?

Double negation for emphatic purpose.

◆Paraphrase:

I can treat any surgical patient competently.

◆ Translation:

我能胜任对任何外科病人的治疗，我的治疗和其他外我能胜任对任何外科病人的治疗，我的治疗和其他外科医生一样高明，甚至比其他医生更高明科医生一样高明，甚至比其他医生更高明

BACK

8. treat, cure, heal 8. treat, cure, heal

Paragraph 1 and 2

treat vt .

to use drugs, exercises, etc. in order to cure a person of a disease or heal an injure

指为某人诊断治疗，强调治疗过程，不强调治疗结果。

cure vt.

to make someone who is ill well again 指治愈，治好，使病人恢复健康。

heal vt. the skin, flesh, bones etc. grows back together and

becomes healthy again 尤指伤口痊愈，治愈。

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.

1. Which doctor is her for her illness?

2. Doctor him of his disease.

3. The wound is not yet.

4. It is said that rest in bed may a cold.

BACK

treating

cured

healed

cure

◆ How do you understand “ I was nearing that How do you understand “ I was nearing that

point”?point”?

I was nearing time when I was indeed a surgeon.I was nearing time when I was indeed a surgeon.

Paragraph 1 and 2

9. 9. I was nearing that point.

BACK

Par. 3-par.6Par. 3-par.6

According to para. 3, how did the autAccording to para. 3, how did the aut

hor try to find the peace of mind he needed hor try to find the peace of mind he needed

to relax?to relax?

Question1:Question1:

( To get out of bed, to dress and to ( To get out of bed, to dress and to

drive to the hospital to see the drive to the hospital to see the

patient himself.patient himself. ))

Paragraph 3 to 6

What can we learn from para. 4?What can we learn from para. 4?


(self-confidence helps him when (self-confidence helps him when

he is making a decision.he is making a decision. ))

Can you find the topic sentence in para.5?Can you find the topic sentence in para.5?


(The first sentence: In the operating (The first sentence: In the operating

room, I was equally confident.room, I was equally confident. ))

According to para.6, what’s the author’s According to para.6, what’s the author’s

attitude towards errors?attitude towards errors?


( He tried his best to avoid errors, ( He tried his best to avoid errors, but he was not afraid of them, but he was not afraid of them, because he knew he wasn’t able because he knew he wasn’t able to avoid a mistake, neither could to avoid a mistake, neither could

other surgeons.other surgeons. ))

From para.4 – 6, we can conclude that self-From para.4 – 6, we can conclude that self-

confidence helps the author ________.confidence helps the author ________.

a. when is making a decisiona. when is making a decision

b. when he is performing an operationb. when he is performing an operation

c. when he has made mistakesc. when he has made mistakes

d. all of the aboved. all of the above


Par.3Par.3 1. Often, after I had told 1. Often, after I had told Walt or LarryWalt or Larry

what to do in a particular situation, …what to do in a particular situation, … ◆Paraphrase: Walt and Larry : the pet names for Walter and LaWalt and Larry : the pet names for Walter and La

wrence, two very common English names. Here wrence, two very common English names. Here the author only means that after he had told this the author only means that after he had told this person or that person what to do…person or that person what to do…

张三李四张三李四

Par.3Par.3 2. and not infrequently, wonder if I h2. and not infrequently, wonder if I h

adn’t made a poor decision.adn’t made a poor decision. 这里的这里的 not infrequentlynot infrequently 等于等于 frequentlyfrequently 。。

此种用法是双重否定，等于肯定，目的是此种用法是双重否定，等于肯定，目的是加强语气。加强语气。 not + not + 带否定的前缀词是一种带否定的前缀词是一种常见的双重否定结构，表示肯定的意思。常见的双重否定结构，表示肯定的意思。

Example:Example:This is not unreasonable.This is not unreasonable.

3. There were still situations in which I 3. There were still situations in which I couldn’t be certain my decision had bcouldn’t be certain my decision had been the right one, but I had learned to een the right one, but I had learned to accept this as a accept this as a constant constant problem for a problem for a surgeon, one that could never be compsurgeon, one that could never be completely resolved — and I could live with letely resolved — and I could live with itit..

It : the things mentioned above. It : the things mentioned above. 即医生不敢确定自己即医生不敢确定自己做的决定是否正确是常有的事，这个问题永远也无法完全解决。做的决定是否正确是常有的事，这个问题永远也无法完全解决。

TranslationTranslation 在某些情况下我仍然不能确定自己做的决定是否正在某些情况下我仍然不能确定自己做的决定是否正

确，但我已学会把这看成是一名外科医生经常会遇确，但我已学会把这看成是一名外科医生经常会遇到的问题，一个永远也无法完全解决的问题——我到的问题，一个永远也无法完全解决的问题——我已能适应它了。已能适应它了。

4. constant: 4. constant: adjadj..

1) happening all the time; continuous1) happening all the time; continuous 他总是抱怨头痛。他总是抱怨头痛。2) fixed, unchanging2) fixed, unchangingTemperature is at a constant 26 degrees iTemperature is at a constant 26 degrees i

n this room.n this room.

5. resolve: 5. resolve: vtvt. resolution . resolution n. n. rresolvedlyesolvedly adv. adv.

1) find an answer to1) find an answer toThe dispute between the two countries hThe dispute between the two countries h

as been resolved peacefully.as been resolved peacefully.

2) 2) decide or determinedecide or determine (resolve to do) (resolve to do) He resolved to succeed.He resolved to succeed.

resolve& solveresolve& solve

rresolveesolve 主要指对问题或情况进行细微的分析或主要指对问题或情况进行细微的分析或思索，以得出结论或找到解决途径。思索，以得出结论或找到解决途径。

The Cabinet met to resolve the crisis.The Cabinet met to resolve the crisis.

solvesolve 普通用词，含义广，指为有一定难度的问普通用词，含义广，指为有一定难度的问题找到满意的答复。题找到满意的答复。

The teacher teaches his students to The teacher teaches his students to solve a mathematical equation.solve a mathematical equation.

6. live with:6. live with: We don’t like Professor Smith’s class, We don’t like Professor Smith’s class,

but we have to live with it in order to grabut we have to live with it in order to graduate.duate.

Live up toLive up to 遵守（诺言）；不辜负（期望）；遵守（诺言）；不辜负（期望）； Live highLive high 过奢侈生活过奢侈生活 Live forLive for 为…而生活为…而生活 Live with oneselfLive with oneself 保持自尊心保持自尊心忍受：忍受： endure, put up with; stand; bear;endure, put up with; stand; bear;

suffer suffer ；； undergoundergo

Par.4Par.4

1. 1. dwell ondwell on:: think about; speak or writ think about; speak or write a lot aboute a lot about

E.g: Don’t dwell so much on your past. E.g: Don’t dwell so much on your past. Let bygones be bygones.Let bygones be bygones.

不要再过多地思考过去。过去的就让它过去吧。不要再过多地思考过去。过去的就让它过去吧。

2. any decision I’d made was 2. any decision I’d made was boundbound t to be a o be a soundsound one. one.

bound:bound: 1) adj. be certain; be sure1) adj. be certain; be sureYou are bound to succeed if you work as hYou are bound to succeed if you work as h

ard as me.ard as me. 2) going (for, to)2) going (for, to) The bus is bound for Shanghai at 2:30.The bus is bound for Shanghai at 2:30. 3)vi.3)vi. jump upward or forward jump upward or forward 他欣喜万分。他欣喜万分。 His heart bounded with joy.His heart bounded with joy.

3. sound: 3. sound: adj.adj. 1) 1) not wrong, based on reasonnot wrong, based on reason 要任何人在任何时候都做出正确的判断并要任何人在任何时候都做出正确的判断并

非易事。非易事。 It is not easy for anyone to make sounIt is not easy for anyone to make soun

d judgment at anytime.d judgment at anytime.2) 2) in good condition; healthy, without in good condition; healthy, without

disease or damagedisease or damageThe missing boy returned home The missing boy returned home

yesterday safe and soundyesterday safe and sound

Par.5Par.5

1. 1. There were no There were no more butterflies in my stmore butterflies in my stomachomach when I opened up an abdomen or a when I opened up an abdomen or a chest.chest.

Paraphrase Paraphrase I was no longer nervous or anxious when I was I was no longer nervous or anxious when I was

performing an operation.performing an operation. butterflies in one’s stomach:butterflies in one’s stomach: feel nervous o feel nervous o

r anxiousr anxiousI had butterflies in my stomach when I first stI had butterflies in my stomach when I first st

ood in front of the public.ood in front of the public.

2. 2. I’d sweated through my share of stab woI’d sweated through my share of stab wounds of the belly, of punctured lungs, of cunds of the belly, of punctured lungs, of compound fractures. I had sweated ompound fractures. I had sweated overover th them for five years. I didn’t need to sweat aem for five years. I didn’t need to sweat any more.ny more.

ParaphraseParaphrase

I had been nervous and anxious while painsI had been nervous and anxious while painstakingly treating the serious wounds such as takingly treating the serious wounds such as stab wounds in the abdomen, punctured lustab wounds in the abdomen, punctured lungs and compound fractures. I had been nengs and compound fractures. I had been nervous for five years and I needn’t be so nerrvous for five years and I needn’t be so nervous any more.vous any more.

TranslationTranslation

在我手上，我战战兢兢地治疗过像腹部刺伤、肺部穿孔在我手上，我战战兢兢地治疗过像腹部刺伤、肺部穿孔以及复合性骨折等病例。这类外科手术我已经战战兢兢地以及复合性骨折等病例。这类外科手术我已经战战兢兢地干了五年，现在我不必再担惊受怕了。干了五年，现在我不必再担惊受怕了。

over: over: prep.prep. during; while engaged in, in during; while engaged in, in the course ofthe course of

他们边喝茶边谈话。他们边喝茶边谈话。They talked over tea.They talked over tea.

Par.6Par.6 3. 3. Nor was I afraid of making mistakes. I knew Nor was I afraid of making mistakes. I knew

that when I was out in practice I would inevitathat when I was out in practice I would inevitably err at one time or another and operate on sbly err at one time or another and operate on someone who didn’t need surgery or omeone who didn’t need surgery or sit onsit on so someone who did.meone who did.

paraphraseparaphraseI knew it clearly that I would make mistakes I knew it clearly that I would make mistakes

sometimes when I was in practice in the sometimes when I was in practice in the future. That mistake might be that I would future. That mistake might be that I would operate on someone who didn’t need surgery operate on someone who didn’t need surgery or neglect someone who needed it urgently.or neglect someone who needed it urgently.

Translation Translation 我知道，在我出去开业行医时，说不定什么时候我会不可避免地出差错。我会我知道，在我出去开业行医时，说不定什么时候我会不可避免地出差错。我会

给不需要手术的病人开刀，也可能会把急需手术的病人忽略过去。给不需要手术的病人开刀，也可能会把急需手术的病人忽略过去。

4. Sit on4. Sit on neglect; do nothing aboutneglect; do nothing about 我们不应忽视那些急需我们帮助的人。我们不应忽视那些急需我们帮助的人。We shouldn’t sit on those people who nWe shouldn’t sit on those people who n

eed our help urgently.eed our help urgently. Sit downSit down Sit forSit for 参加参加 Sit in onSit in on 列席，旁听列席，旁听 Sit inSit in 静坐示威静坐示威 Sit upSit up熬夜熬夜

5. chances are / were (that): it is / was lik5. chances are / were (that): it is / was likely (that)ely (that)

他有可能要摔下来。他有可能要摔下来。

Par.7Par.7

1. 1. trying momentstrying moments:: moments that try onmoments that try one’s nervese’s nerves

Every one may have trying moments in his lifeEvery one may have trying moments in his lifetimetime..

2. Bother trouble, annoy, anno2. Bother trouble, annoy, annoy y

troubletrouble 指给人在行动上带来不便或在身心上指给人在行动上带来不便或在身心上造成痛苦。造成痛苦。

She suffers memory lapses that trouble her chiShe suffers memory lapses that trouble her children.ldren.

annoyannoy 强调因被迫忍受令人不快、讨厌的事强调因被迫忍受令人不快、讨厌的事而失去平静或耐心，多指一时的打扰或恼怒。而失去平静或耐心，多指一时的打扰或恼怒。

Eg. The sound of footsteps on the bare floor aEg. The sound of footsteps on the bare floor a

nnoyed the downstairs neighbors.nnoyed the downstairs neighbors.

botherbother 指使人烦恼，引起的紧张不安或感到不指使人烦恼，引起的紧张不安或感到不耐烦。耐烦。

I'm sorry to bother you, but could you tell me tI'm sorry to bother you, but could you tell me the way to the station?he way to the station?

disturbdisturb 较正式用词，多用被动态。指扰乱，使较正式用词，多用被动态。指扰乱，使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序，人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序，是程度较深的烦恼。是程度较深的烦恼。

Before closing the door to his office, he told hiBefore closing the door to his office, he told hi

s secretary that he was not to be disturbed.s secretary that he was not to be disturbed.

Part Five: Summary and AssignmentsPart Five: Summary and Assignments

ⅠⅠ. Summary. Summary

Summarize what the students have learnt in Summarize what the students have learnt in this class. this class.

ⅡⅡ. Assignment. Assignment

◆ ◆ To go over what we have learned today and To go over what we have learned today and try to memorize the new words and phrases.try to memorize the new words and phrases.

◆ ◆ To read the text after class so as to improve To read the text after class so as to improve your pronunciation.your pronunciation.

◆ ◆ Do exercises after the text.Do exercises after the text.

Thank you!

Documents

Unit 6 The Making of a Surgeon