UNIT 1: COLONIAL AMERICA CHAPTER 2: EUROPEAN EXPLORATION

Section 2.1: Seeking New Trade

Routes

FLASHBACK

Answer the Flashback questions from Section 2.1 in your Social Studies Notebook.

PREVIEW

Answer the Preview Question from Section 2.1 in your Social Studies Notebook.

VOCABULARY

Using the vocabulary words from Section 2.1, complete a vocabulary Word Cluster. Set up your word cluster like the example below.Word and Definition

Synonym

Antonym

Use it in a sentence

Illustration:

NOTE TAKING

As you read Section 2.1, you will structure your notes in your social studies notebook using Cornell Notetaking.

Topic Information

Summary of Section:

THE VIKINGS NOTES

The Vikings were raiders who developed large trade networks. Vikings raided and traded with the British Isles and much of Europe.

They established a settlement on Iceland in 874 A.D., and Greenland around 1000 A.D. Around the same time, Vikings

sailed to present-day Canada and reached as far south as present-day New England.

Due to the distance from Viking settlements and Native American attacks, the Vikings did not remain in North America permanently.

RICHES AND TECHNOLOGY NOTES

Portugal’s Prince Henry the Navigator established a school for navigation during the 1400s and paid for the research by mapmakers and shipbuilders and expeditions to explore the west coast of Africa.

Europeans wanted Asian Spices and wanted to bypass merchants who had a monopoly on Asian products.

Europeans were seeking a sea route to Asia to purchase spices directly from the source.

Europeans also had a goal of spreading Christianity around the world.

Astrolabe – enabled navigators to learn their ship’s position by charting the stars.

Caravels – Lighter and faster Portuguese ships that were easier to steer. Used triangular sails to sail into the wind and had rudders on the back to improve steering.

Navigators also began using magnetic compasses.

A SEA ROUTE TO ASIA NOTES

Exploration and finding a sea route to Asia led to the Atlantic Slave Trade, which devastated west Africa communities and led to increased warfare among Kingdoms and broke up many families.

Portugal’s success and new wealth led to other European countries launching their own expeditions to find their own water routes to Asia, including Christopher Columbus.

REVIEW

Complete the Review Questions for Section 2.1 in your social studies notebook.

CLOSURE ACTIVITY

Complete the Persuasive Flyer Closure Activity from Section 2.1.

ANALYZING PRIMARY SOURCES

Answer the Section 2.1 Analyzing Primary Sources questions in your Social Studies Notebook.

ASSESSMENT

Complete the Section 2.1 Assessment on a separate sheet of paper, which will be turned in once completed.

UNIT 1: COLONIAL AMERICA CHAPTER 1: BEFORE EUROPEAN

EXPLORATION

Section 2.2: The Old World

Meets New World

FLASHBACK

Complete the Flashback questions from Section 2.2 in your social studies notebook.

PREVIEW

Complete the Preview Question from Section 2.2 in your social studies notebook.

VOCABULARY

Using the vocabulary words from Section 2.2, complete a vocabulary Word Cluster. Set up your word cluster like the example below.Word and Definition

Synonym

Antonym

Use it in a sentence

Illustration:

NOTE TAKING

As you read Section 2.2, you will structure your notes in your social studies notebook using Cornell Notetaking.

COLUMBUS REACHES THE AMERICAS NOTES

Spain and Portugal wanted to add the Americas to their empires. In 1493, Spanish Pope Alexander VI issued a decree that created the Line of Demarcation, dividing the Atlantic Ocean and Spain could claim all the line west of the line.

Portugal thought the Pope was

favoring Spain and nearly went to war with Spain.

Treaty of Tordesillas – moved the Line of Demarcation 800 miles west, giving Portugal more opportunity to claim unexplored lands.

EUROPEANS SAIL TO THE AMERICAS NOTES

Amerigo Vespucci – sailed to present-day South America in 1501 and was convinced the land was not Asia.

Vasco Balboa – struggled through the jungles and swamps to reach the Pacific Ocean in 1513.

Ferdinand Magellan – sailed around the southern tip of South America in 1519. His crew, after he was killed, became the first people to circumnavigate, or go all they way around the globe.

COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE NOTES

European explorers and settlers took plants and animals with them to the Americas and brought back a variety of new plants and animals to Europe, Asia, and Africa.

Native Americans introduced Europeans to corn, potatoes, tobacco, and cocoa.

Europeans introduced horses, cattle, and pigs to the Americas.

Europeans also introduced deadly diseases to the Americas, such as smallpox.

Trade would eventually include raw materials, manufactured goods, and slaves from Africa.

SPAIN’S IMPACT ON NATIVE AMERICAN NOTES

Hernan Cortes and 508 Conquistadors defeated thousands of Aztecs.

Francisco Pizarro and 400 men defeated the Inca Empire.

Both were searching for gold.

Conquistadors carried smallpox and other diseases that decimated the population.

Spain treated Native Americans harshly.

Spain forced Native Americans to work in exchange for protection, but instead, treated Native Americans like slaves.

Native American slaves worked on plantations, or large farms that grew one kind of crop.

COMPETITION CREATES CONFLICTS NOTES

Spain and England went to war. England’s small Navy defeated the large and powerful Spanish Armada in 1588.

Spain faced inflation due to the large amounts of gold it brought back.

France, England, and the Dutch all sent explorers in search of a

Northwest Passage, or a water route through North America to the Pacific Ocean.

Spain and Portugal batted for Central and South America.

France, England, and the Dutch battled for North America.

THE SLAVE TRADE NOTES

Native Americans died due to diseases, so Spain began legalized the sale of slaves from Africa in its colonies.

Spain and Portugal brought more than 1 million slaves from Africa to the Americas in what became known as the middle passage.

Between 1520 and 1860, about 12 million Africans were shipped across the Atlantic ocean. About 2 million died on the voyage.

Slaves had no rights and were considered property.

REVIEW

Complete the review questions from Section 2.2 in your social studies notebook.

CLOSURE ACTIVITY

You will complete the Explorer’s Letter Home Closure Activity from Section 2.2.

ANALYZING PRIMARY SOURCES

Complete the Analyzing Primary Sources questions from Section 2.2 in your Social Studies Notebook.

ASSESSMENT

Complete the Section 2.2 Assessment on a separate sheet of paper that will be turned in once completed.