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Unit 2Colonial America
to theFrench and Indian War
Section 1:13 BRITISH COLONIES
New England Colonies
• Massachusetts• Rhode Island• Connecticut• New Hampshire
forward
Section 1 – British Colonies
• Puritans
N.E.
John Winthrop
N.E.
Section 1 – British Colonies
• Massachusetts Bay Colony
• reform
• Great Migration
N.E.
Roger Williams
N.E.
Section 1 – British Colonies
• separate
• toleration
N.E.
Anne Hutchinson
Thomas Hooker
N.E.
Section 1 – British Colonies
• limiting
• expansion followed by war
• Meetinghouses
• Sabbath
• strict
N.E.
Middle Colonies
• New York• New Jersey• Pennsylvania• Delaware
forward
Section 1 – British Colonies
• purchased
• trade
• colonies
M
William Penn
M
Section 1 – British Colonies
• Quakers
• reformers
• equality, pacifism, no slavery
• holy experiment
• Philadelphia
M
Section 1 – British Colonies
• Towns
• cash crops
M
Southern Colonies
• Virginia• Maryland• Carolinas
(North & South)
• Georgia
forward
Section 1 – British Colonies
• plantations
So
Nathaniel Bacon
So
Section 1 – British Colonies
• Bacon’s Rebellion
So
• Virginia House of Burgesses
– 1st elected lower house in legislative assembly in the New World; established 1619
Lord Baltimore, George Calvert
So
•Catholics
•Act of Toleration
Section 1 – British Colonies
• slave
• plantations relied on slave labor
• Charles Town
So
James Oglethorpe
So
Section 1 – British Colonies
• indentured
• Spain
• Geography
So
Section 1 – British Colonies
• Gentry
• Middle
• 75%
• Indentured
So
Section 1 – British Colonies
• strong
• weaker
So
Section 1 – British Colonies
• duty
• public
• private
• England
• dame
Col
Puritan Education in the New England Colonies
Girl with Hornbook(wooden paddle)
• Easy to hold handle
• Hole in handle for leather thong
• Carried on belt or around neck
• Transparent Horn kept lessons from being spoiled
• Used in Europe beginning in mid-15th C
Puritan Education in the New England Colonies
Girl with Hornbook
(wooden paddle)
• Transparent Horn
– Horn of oxen & sheep• Left in cold water
for several weeks, to separate usable part from bone
• Then heated, first in boiling water, then by fire
• Pressed by plates & machines to make it smooth & transparent
Puritan Education in the New England Colonies
Typical Hornbook
• Alphabet• Vowel and consonant
combinations• Lord’s Prayer• Form of a cross• Praise of the Trinity
(hand written on piece of
parchment & tacked to
wooden paddle)
Puritan Education in the New England Colonies
New England Primer
• Textbook used by students in English settlements in North America
• First published and used in London
• First printed in Boston in 1690
• Over 5 million copies sold
• Used into the 19th C
Puritan Education in the New England Colonies
• In 1700s, schools in colonies were strongly influenced by religion, including moral values
• Inability to read was Satan’s attempt to keep people from the Scriptures
• Emphasis was placed on fear of sin, God’s punishment, and the fact that all people would have to face death
Puritan Education in the New England Colonies
Scene from a poorly lit grammar school room
Puritan Education in the New England Colonies
Scene from a dame school
African Slaves – Middle Passage
1753 North America
George Washington
Benjamin Franklin
• Proposed the
Albany Plan of Union at the
Albany Congress
• Grand Council to– make laws– raise taxes– to set up defense
Albany Congress – Albany Plan of Union
• Delegates voted to accept the plan
• No colonial assemblies approved it
– Colonies did not want to give up any of their powers to a central council
French and Indian War
French advantages
in the beginning
English had no united defense
Single New France government acted more quickly
More Indian allies
English advantages
English colonies were clustered along coast
French settlements were widely scattered
English population was 15 times greater
British navy ruled seas
William Pitt
James Wolfe
Quebec
Montreal
After French and Indian War
control
Proclamation of 1763
• Colonials were forbidden to settle west of the line
• Colonials already settled west of the line were ordered to remove themselves at once
• 10,000 British troops were sent to the colonies to enforce the law
• Attempt to gain better control of colonists
Education in British Colonies
Puritan Education in the New England Colonies
Girl with Hornbook(wooden paddle)
• East to hold handle• Hole in handle for leather
thong• Carried on belt or around
neck
• Transparent Horn kept lessons from being spoiled
Puritan Education in the New England Colonies
Typical Hornbook
• Alphabet• Vowel and consonant
combinations• Lord’s Prayer• Form of a cross• Praise of the Trinity
(hand written on piece of
parchment & tacked to
wooden paddle)
Puritan Education in the New England Colonies
New England Primer
• Textbook used by students in English settlements in North America
• First published and used in London
• First printed in Boston in 1690
• Over 5 million copies sold
• Used into the 19th C
Puritan Education in the New England Colonies
Scene from a dame school
Puritan Education in the New England Colonies
A stern and austere Puritan worship service
Puritan Education in the New England Colonies
Harvard College yard
13 Col
13 Col
After French and Indian War
mercantilismregulate
Navigation Acts
Yankees
governor
legislature
power of the purse
Africans, Indians, & servants
had almost no rights
Women had
few rights