THE COLONIES

IDEAL COMMUNITY

What is your ideal community? What makes your ideal community different from your actual community?

What types of buildings, things to do, and things do you see in your ideal community?

Make a list of these items.

GO TO PAGE 199.

Examine the objects. How are they different from what you might see today?

What do you think Benjamin Franklin means by his statement?

Go to page 202. Study the timeline.

GEOGRAPHY All 13 lay between Appalachian

Mountains and the Atlantic Ocean Divided into 3 regions: the New

England Colonies, the Middle Colonies, and the Southern Colonies

See map pg 177

THE THREE REGIONS

New England Middle

Colonies Southern

Colonies

NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

THE BIG PICTURE… While Pilgrims are settling in Plymouth,

Puritans were growing in England Puritans: group of English Protestants that

felt the Church of England followed Roman Catholicism to closely

Thrown into jail because of their beliefs Some Puritans decided to leave England to

practice religion in peace

OPEN BOOKS TO PG. 204

Look at the child in the picture.

What does she and her surrounding suggest about Puritan households?

THE BIG PICTURE…

Group of wealthy Puritans formed Massachusetts Bay Company

King Charles I gave them a charter 1630: Set sail Settled in a part of New England, called

Massachusetts Bay Now known as Massachusetts FOUNDED BY PURITANS LOOKING FOR

RELIGIOUS FREEDOM

PURITANS VS. PILGRIMS

Puritans Pilgrims

Arrived in great numbers

Arrived in few numbers

Fleet of 11 ships One ship

700 people 100 people

Supplies, including livestock

Limited supplies, no livestock

JOHN WINTHROP

Leader of the Puritans Successful lawyer Led Puritans to Massachusetts Bay First settlement named Boston Elected first governor by Puritan men Look at the map on page 205. Find Boston.

NEW ENGLAND FLAG

GEOGRAPHY OF NEW ENGLAND

Hilly Rocky soil

Made farming difficult Forests

Supplied wood for building homes, fences, tools Rivers

Provided fish, transportation Ocean Ports

ECONOMY

Made living from forest and sea

Most lived in villages where everyone could work together as a community, not on farms

NEW ENGLAND CULTURE

PRODUCTS Subsistence Farming Timber and Ship

Building Supplies (Rope, Masts, Tar)

Dried Fish Rum and other

Manufactured Trade Goods

PEOPLE Puritans and Pilgrims

who believed in working hard and following strict rules.

Merchants, Manufacturers, and Lawyers.

“A CITY UPON A HILL”

Wanted to be example for all the world Population grew from 700 to 20,000 in 10 yrs Males, “free man” signed a covenant Covenant: special promise or agreement Promised his family would live by the rules of

the Puritan church Remember: Not freedom of religion,

freedom to practice their religion

PURITANS Believed success was a result of their

belief of God and the Bible Believed in hard work Rich and poor worked regardless Built villages according to plan Page 207 in textbook Why was education important? Why

not in Europe?

PATRIARCHY

Authoritarian male father figures controlled each household

Patriarchal ministers

controlled the church

congregation and

household patriarchs

Activities Banned by the Puritans: Horse Racing, cock-fighting and bear baiting Any gathering of people without permission Drunkenness and swearing Theatre-going, dancing and singing Games and sports on Sundays (including

going for a walk) Gambling Many public houses were closed down.

NEW ENGLAND COIN

ROGER WILLIAMS New England is growing

Some believed Puritans should tolerate others

Tolerate: Allowing people to have beliefs different from your own

Brought to trial for views, wanted him to change Exiled

ROGERWILLIAMS

RHODE ISLAND

Roger Williams founded the settlement of Providence in what is now Rhode Island

First European colony in the Americas to allow freedom of religion

ANNE HUTCHINSON

Believed they should pray directly to God Also brought to trial and exiled Traveled South, founded Portsmouth in

Rhode Island RI becomes known as the “Sewer” because

it is seen by the Puritans as a dumping ground for unbelievers and religious dissenters More liberal than any other colony!

ANNEHUTCHINSON

NATIVE AMERICANS IN NEW ENGLAND

New England Colonies continue to grow Natives get pushed farther off their land Caused disagreements Metacomet and King Philips War

N.A. destroyed 16 towns Captured and killed Family sold into slavery Ended N.A. resistance to colonists

Population of the New England Colonies

Population of the New England Colonies

Population Comparisons:New England v. the

Chesapeake

Population Comparisons:New England v. the

Chesapeake

CHARACTERISTICS OF NEW ENGLAND SETTLEMENTS

Low mortality average life expectancy was 70 years of age.

Many extended families. Average 6 children per family. Average age at marriage: Women – 22 years old Men – 27 years old.

SUMMARY QUESTIONS 1. Why did the Puritans come to North America?

2. Where did they settle?

3. What was the geography of New England like?

4. How did most in New England earn money?

5. Why were Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson brought to trial?

THE MIDDLE COLONIES

READ ALOUD

The word was out. All over Europe, people were reading William Penn’s advertisements for a colony called Pennsylvania. Here was a place were “the Air is sweet and clear,” the ads said. Who was William Penn? Could his

promise really be believed?

WILLIAM PENN

1681 King Charles II granted land in Middle Colonies to William Penn

A Quaker hoping to practice his religion in freedom

Came to North America with about 100 others

Named area Pennsylvania (Penn’s Woods) Settlement named Philadelphia (means “city

of brotherly love” in Greek)

WILLIAMPENN

QUAKERS Called themselves the ‘Society of Friends’ Believed that in order to know God, they had

only to listen to His voice in their heart No need for ministers “Be plain in clothes, furniture, and food”: Believed people should be treated fairly Against slavery, harsh treatment of N.A. Paid N.A.’s for land, causing peace between

them that lasted many years

GEOGRAPHY OF MIDDLE COLONIES

Go to the map on page 212 Rivers and lakes

Used to send lumber, crops, furs to markets Ocean ports Rich farmland

Main food growing region in North America People called the Middle Colonies the

“breadbasket of the colonies” Why?

MANY DIFFERENT PEOPLE

Jewish Scott – Irish Africans were not treated equally

Many were enslaved German (Pennsylvania Dutch)

Built the first Conestoga Wagons Brought a wide variety of skills and trades Blending of people of different cultures

MIDDLE COLONIES CULTURE

PRODUCTS Called the Bread

Basket Colonies Farmed Wheat, Oat,

Barley and Rye. Made homespun

products. Traded very little.

PEOPLE People from: England,

the Netherlands, France, Germany and others.

Puritans, Quakers, Anglicans, Catholics, and Jews.

SUMMARY QUESTIONS

Who founded the Pennsylvania Colony?

What was the Geography of the area like?

How were the Middle Colonies different from the New England Colonies?

What were the beliefs of the Quakers? What effects did they have on Penn’s colony?

SOUTHERN COLONIES

THE BIG PICTURE

Go to page 216.

Roman Catholics were also treated badly because of their religion

King Charles I of England, gave a charter to start a new colony for Catholics

Colony was named Maryland

MARYLAND

Controlled by proprietors

Proprietors: men who owned all the land and money

Founded as a place where Catholics could practice their religion

SOUTHERN COLONIES GREW TO INCLUDE…

North Carolina

South Carolina

1732: Georgia

Wanted to protect Carolinas from Spanish

GEORGIA &GENERAL JAMES OGLETHORPE

General James Oglethorpe: A wealthy English army general

He Examined England's debtors and was shocked by numbers in prison

Debtor: a person who owes money Claimed “England would grow rich with her poor

abroad!”

GEORGIA

Received a charter from King George II

Named new colony Georgia, for King George II

King George supported the plan for Georgia because it could protect the Carolinas from the Spanish and French

Look in books at map on page 218

GEOGRAPHY

Warm climate Rich farmland

Clay along Appalachian foothills good for corn and tobacco

Long growing season Lasts 7 months Grew rice and indigo on large farms Led to successful growing of cash crops

Bays and rivers along the coast Helped to import and export goods

SOUTHERN COLONIESENVIRONMENT & CULTURE

ENVIRONMENT Atlantic and Gulf

Coastal Plains. Long growing season

and fertile land. Warm for most of the

year

PRODUCTS Farmed Tobacco, Rice,

Indigo, and Cotton. Trade “cash crops”

farmed on Plantations. Purchase manufactured

goods.

THE CREEK Area already provides farming land for many

Had already formed a confederacy to protect their lands

First colony of Georgia, Savannah, was located next to Creek village

Oglethorpe was given a large piece of land

Yamacraw Creek Native Americans meet with the Trustee of the colony of Georgia in England, July 1734

AFRICAN AMERICANS IN GEORGIA

Oglethorpe did not allow slavery Colonists pretend to “rent” A.A.’s from South

Carolina 1750: Slavery is well established In 10 years 4x as much slavery 1760: 10,000 people living in Georgia, 4,000

were slaves

SUMMARY QUESTIONS 1. Why was Georgia founded? By whom?

2. Why was Maryland founded?

3. What was the role of A.A.’s in the South?

4. Why did King George support the plan for the colony of Georgia?

5. What was the main source of income for the people of the Southern colonies? Why?