Understanding the PartsChapter 2

Announcements

Textbooks will be available on Thursday 1/24

Chapter 1 Homework: Due 2/04 Windows 7 Simulator Homework 1

Chapter 2 Homework: Due 2/04

Objectives

Functions of a Computer Data vs. Information Bits & Bytes Input Devices Output Devices Processing Storage Ergonomics

Functions of a Computer

Computers are perfect. They do exactly what programmers tell them to do.

Four major functions Gather data Process data Output data Store data

Data vs. Information

Data: Representation of a fact, figure, or idea Information: Organized, meaningful data

Bits & Bytes

Bit: Binary Digit (21) 2 bits that are either 0 or 1

Bit Strings Nibble: (22) 4 bits Byte: (23) 8 bits Kilobyte: (210) 1024 bits Megabyte: (220) 1,048,576 bits Gigabyte: (230) 1,073,741,824 bits Terabyte: (240) 1,099,511,627,776 bits

Binary

Counting in binary Binary math

Addition Multiplication by 2

Counting in Binary

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1010=𝟏∗23+𝟎∗22+𝟏∗21+𝟎∗20=10

Counting in Binary

You try it: 1000 = ? 0101 = ? 1111 = ?

Counting to 10

Binary Decimal0000 00001 10010 20011 30100 40101 50110 60111 71000 81001 91010 10

Binary Addition

Same as regular addition Max value in a spot is 1 (instead of 9 in decimal)

1001+0110

1111

0101+0110

1011

1101+011010011

1 11

Binary Addition

You try it: 11 + 11 = ? 0111 + 0001 = ? 1100 + 1100 = ?

Binary Multiplication by 2

Simply shift the values to the left and insert a zero from the left

01 = 1 (Original Number)01 (Shift Left)010 = 2 (Insert a zero)

1011 = 11 (Original Number)1011 (Shift Left)10110 = 22 (Insert a zero)

Binary Multiplication by 2

You try it: 011 * 2 = ? 0100 * 2 = ? 1111 * 2 = ?

Optional: More Binary

http://www.masteringcs.com

Computer Hardware

The tangible parts of a computer Chassis Display Keyboard Mouse/Touchpad Camera CPU

Computer Software

A list of instructions for the computer hardware to perform Operating System

Windows, iOS, Linux, Android, Embedded Application Software

Microsoft Word, Photoshop, Firefox, Safari, World of Warcraft, Call of Duty

Types of Computers

Fixed Desktop Server

Portable Laptop Tablet Smartphone

Types of Computers

Mainframe Supports many users, hundreds to several thousands

or more, simultaneously Supercomputer

Perform complex calculations using a large number of computers connected together

Input Devices

Keyboard Mouse Touch Scanner Microphone Camera Stylus

Keyboards

Laser Projected Keyboard

Flexible Keyboard

Mice

Other Input Devices

Output Devices

Printer Display Audio

Printers

Dot Matrix Inkjet Laser Thermal Plotters

Printers

Distinguishing Features: Speed (Pages Per Minute) Resolution (DPI) Color/B&W Format (8.5x11, 11x17)

Display Types

CRT Cathode Ray Tube

LCD Liquid Crystal Display

LED Light Emitting Diode

OLED Organic Light Emitting Diode

AMOLED Active-Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode

Display Types

Factors that distinguish monitors Size: Measured in inches across the diagonal Refresh Rate: How fast the display can change the color of a

pixel. Expressed in milliseconds. DPI: Dots Per Inch. How many pixels can fit inside a square inch. Resolution: Total number of pixels in the horizontal direction and

vertical direction. Described as HxV (ex. 1920x1080 has 1920 pixels horizontally and 1080 pixels vertically).

Aspect ratio: The relationship of horizontal pixels to vertical pixels. Viewing Angle: The earliest angle at which the screen is no

longer visible. Contrast Ratio: Expressed as a ratio Brightness: Expressed in cd/m2

Display Types

Liquid Crystal Display Liquid Crystal controls how much of a certain color

can shine through. Uses three primary colors, Red, Green, and Blue, to

create up to 16M colors.

Ports

PS/2 Display eSATA USB Ethernet Audio Power

Motherboard

Provides a centralized system for the parts of a computer to communicate with eachother

CPU

The “brain” of the computer Controls communication between devices Performs all arithmetic functions

RAM

Random Access Memory Volatile – Does not persist when there is no power.

Hard Drive

Magnetic Storage Device Non-Volatile Storage – Data storage persists across

reboots. Very inexpensive storage Stores information on physical “platters” that spin.

Solid State Storage

Non-Volatile Currently still rather expensive ($0.70 to $1.00+ per

MB) ~20x more expensive than traditional hard drives

Random Access

Optical Storage

Optical (Laser) storage devices Characterized by a disk that rotates and is read by a

laser Storage capacity is fixed, rotational speed is not Can be dual layer and/or double sided

CD – Compact Disc DVD – Digital Video/Versatile Disc HD-DVD – High Definition DVD Blu-ray

CD

Holds 700MB of data 1x speed = 200 RPM to 500 RPM Maximum rotational speed is 52x (~10,000 rpm) or

180MPH

1995 Primarily driven by the

need for something better than VHS

Same technology as CD, just smaller

Format CapacitySingle Layer 4.5GBDual Layer 8.5GBSL + DS 9.4GBDL + DS 17GB

DVD

HD-DVD Format competed

with Blu-ray and was retired in 2008

Blu-ray Developed by Sony Replaces DVDs as the

standard for video

Format CapacityHD-DVD SL 15GBHD-DVD DL 30GBBlu-ray SL 25GBBlu-ray DL 50GB

HD-DVD & Blu-ray

Optical Drive Comparison

Dual Layer

The laser can be altered to read information hidden behind the first layer.

Ergonomics

Minimizing injury or discomfort while using the computer

Involves special hardware: Keyboards Mice Desks Chairs