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Turning Points
Quick Review
What is a secession?
When part of a country leaves or breaks off from the rest
Why did the Fugitive Slave Law upset some people in the North?
Many Northerners did not want to be forced to help slave owners recover runaway slaves
Quick Review
Why did southerners see Lincoln as an enemy?
They thought they would make the federal government too strong and that he would try
to end slavery
What effect did Uncle Tom’s Cabin have on the debate over slavery?
It made more Northerners oppose slavery more than before and angered many
Southerners
Quick Review
What event began the Civil war?
The Confederate attack on Fort Sumter
In what year did the Confederates attack Fort Sumter?
1861
Quick Review
What was the Union’s plan for achieving victory?
Block seaports, control the Mississippi River, and attack in the East and the West all at
once
Why would the Union Navy block the seaports?
So that the confederacy could not trade with other countries
Quick Review
What was the South’s strategy?
To fight off northern attacks until the confederacy could survive as a separate nation and to get help from Britain and
France
p.180
What was Lincoln’s goal at the beginning of the war?
To keep the Union together
When did Lincoln put the Emancipation Proclamation into
effect?
January 1, 1863
What is emancipation?
The freeing of enslaved people
Why did President Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation?
Freeing enslaved people would weaken the Confederacy. Enslaved people who worked on Southern farms could help the North
instead
After the Union controlled the Mississippi River, what did this cause?
It cut off Texas and Arkansas from the rest of the South
How long did the Battle at Gettysburg last?
Three days
About how many Confederate casualties occurred at Gettysburg?
About half; 7,000
Who ultimately won the Battle at Gettysburg?
The Union
Why was the Battle of Gettysburg a turning point of the war?
About half of General Lee’s men were killed or wounded. After the battle, his
weakened army had to retreat
What was the name of President Lincoln’s famous speech after the
battles?
The Gettysburg Address
Why was the victory at Vicksburg important to the Union?
It gave the Union control over the Mississippi River
p.184,185
What is a camp?
A group of temporary shelters such as tents
Why would the Union army begin to let African-
Americans become soldiers?
They were running out of people
What did soldiers do to fight the boredom of camp life?
They read, sang or wrote letters. Some put on shows or printed
newspapers.
What made the Civil War so deadly?
Rifles could shoot farther and more accurately than ever, and disease killed twice as many soldiers as fighting did
What did women on both sides of the war do to help their side?
Dressed up as men and joined the army; spied; cared for sick and wounded
p.186,187
What is the home front?
All the people who are not in the military
What new technology allowed people to see what the war
looked like?
Photography
What is a civilian?
A person who is not in the military
What is inflation?
the rise in prices
What effect did inflation have in the South?
Confederate money became almost worthless, making food and other
items very expensive
p.190,191
When did Ulysses S. Grant become the commander of all
Union Armies?
The end of 1863
Who was ordered to lead the Union army in Tennessee?
General William Sherman
Where did Sherman plan to attack?
Atlanta, Georgia; a major Confederate city
What was General Grant’s plan to end the war?
He would lead an army to capture Richmond, Virginia. At the same time, General
Sherman’s army would attack Atlanta.
When did Sherman begin his attack on Atlanta and why?
May 1864; the city was a center for southern supplies, factories and
railroads
What is a telegraph?
A machine that sends electric signals over wires
When Sherman’s soldiers marched from Atlanta to Savannah it was called…..
The March to Sea
What is total war?
The strategy of destroying and enemy’s resources
Why did Sherman decide to use “Total War” against the South?
He thought total war would make the South stop fighting
What happened during Sherman’s march to the Sea?
His army marched through Georgia from Atlanta to Savannah, destroying nearly
everything they passed
* Atlanta Campaign- General
Sherman planned to attack and
capture Atlanta, a major
Confederate city. Atlanta was
the center for Southern supplies,
factories, and railroads.
* Sherman’s March to the Sea-
General Sherman marched from
Atlanta to Savannah destroying
everything in his path (Total
War).
