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Battle of Fort Sumter
• April 12, 1861: Confederates bombard Federal fort– Union forces surrender after 2 days
• Early victory for the South– Any hope of compromise vanishes
• Virginia passes resolution favoring secession– West Virginia forms and enters Union– 4 slave states (MD, DE, KY, and MI) remain in Union
• Robert E. Lee resigns from Union Army– Takes control of Confederate Army
• Both sides begin recruiting armies– Lack of volunteers will lead to conscription
Battle of Bull Run
• Lincoln pushes for early attack of the South
• July 21, 1861: Union Army advances on Richmond, VA– General “Stonewall Jackson” leads Confederates
– Union forces retreat in chaos
– Sign that victory would not be as easy as anticipated for North
• Union adopts Anaconda Plan– Blockade Southern ports
– Control Mississippi River with Union naval forces
– Capture Confederate capital of Richmond, VA
Battle of Shiloh• April 16, 1862
• General Ulysses S. Grant allows troops to rest near TN church– Wake of key victories at Ft. Henry and Ft. Donelson
– Confederates launch surprise attack
• Grant reorganizes and counterattacks next morning
• Lessons learned– Needed scouts, trenches, and fortifications
– The war will be bloody (1/4 of the troops here died)
• Appears to be a draw, BUT…– Demonstrated inability of Confederacy to hold Ohio-Kentucky frontier
– Union can take the Mississippi River
Battle of Antietam• September 17, 1862
• Confederates purse Union capital – General McClellan’s engages them along Maryland creek
• Bloodiest single day battle in American history– 26,000 casualties
– More than War of 1812 and War with Mexico combined
• Union does not attempt to complete wipe out the Confederates– McClellan fired by Lincoln
• Enough of a victory to allow Lincoln to issue Emancipation Proclamation– Goal changes from “union” to “union and freedom”
Battle of Gettysburg
• July 1 – July 3, 1863
• General Lee decides to move Confederate army into PA– Failure of Pickett’s Charge
• General George Meade leads Union Victory
• Bloodiest battle of the war– 24,000 Northern casualties– 28,000 Southern casualties
• Confederates unable to launch another attack into the North
• Turning point of the war
Sherman’s March
• September – October, 1864
• Scorched earth policy through Georgia– Make Southerners sick of war
– Burned most of Atlanta
• Move north to help Grant defeat Lee in North Carolina
• News of victory helps Lincoln win Election of 1864– Democrats ran George McClellan (former general fired by Lincoln)
Surrender at Appomattox
• April 2 – 9,1865
• Confederates abandon their capital– Set it on fire
• General Lee and General Grant meet at a VA courthouse
• Lincoln requires generous terms– Lee’s soldiers are paroled and sent home with possessions and rations
• Within 2 months, all remaining Confederate resistance ends
Ft. Sumter
Bull Run
Shiloh
Antietam
Gettysburg
Sherman’s March
Appomattox