Transformations in Europe1500-1750

Chapter 16

Culture and IdeasLEQ

How did the interplay of traditional beliefs and revolutionary ideas influence the cultural history of early modern Europe?

Vocabulary Papacy Indulgences Reformation

Early Reformation

Protests against the Catholic Church

Martin Luther = Protestant Religion 95 Thesis

John Calvin = Calvinism

Counter Reformation

Scientific RevolutionUse science to reinforce religion

Church leaders viewed new ideas as challenges to religious teachings

Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, Galilei, Descartes, Boyle, Newton

Early EnlightenmentNew scientific ideas + Religious conflict

between Catholics & Protestant = calls for social changes

Political leaders looked to gain power

Questioned the authority, wealth, power of church

Social & Economic LifeLEQ

What factors contributed to the wealth of some Europeans and the great poverty of others from 1500-1750?

Vocabulary Bourgeoisie Gentry

BourgeoisieUrban wealth came largely from foreign trade

Wealthy commoners dominated economy

Transatlantic trade increased a nations wealth

Netherlands Amsterdam Exchange Dutch East & West India Companies

Peasants & Laborers

Warfare, environmental degradation, and economic contractions

Little Ice Age

Coal Production

Pervasive poverty

Led to Rebellion

*Prices of wheat expressed in Dutch guilders per 100 kg. in various countries vs. time.

Women & FamilyStatus tied to husband

Choose spouse or arranged marriage?

Delayed marriage

Political InnovationsLEQ

How did differing policies in the areas of religion, foreign relations, and economics determine the very different experiences of early modern European states?

Vocabulary Holy Roman Empire English Civil War

Development of StatesWestern Europe monarchs helped develop

national identities

Habsburg’s

Ottoman Empire

German Unification

Spanish Expansion

WarfareThirty-Years War

Depopulation and economic decline

Size of Army v. Navy

Formation of alliances

National debt, taxation

Horrible Histories - English Monarchs

England & France1642 – English Civil War

King executed Led to religious conflict Glorious Revolution English Bill or Rights

King Louis XIV Worked with nobility and civil authority Absolute Monarch