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Time Resolved FT-IR Analysis of Tailpipe Exhaust for Several Automobiles
Allen R. White, James AllenDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringRose-Hulman Institute of Technology
Dr. Rebecca B. DeVasherDepartment of ChemistryRose-Hulman Institute of Technology
Advanced Combustion Laboratory
Pre-1975:
Advanced Combustion Laboratory
Engine
Tailpipe
NOCOHC
Role of Catalytic Converter:
Advanced Combustion Laboratory
Engine
TailpipeReduction of nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and oxygen: 2NOx → xO2 + N2
Oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide: 2CO + O2 → 2CO2
Oxidation of unburnt hydrocarbons (HC) to carbon dioxide and water: CxH2x+2 + [(3x+1)/2]O2 → xCO2 + (x+1)H2O
NOCOHC
Role of Catalytic Converter:
Advanced Combustion Laboratory
EngineTailpipe
Catalytic converter
Pre-1975
Post-1975
Role of Catalytic Converter:
Advanced Combustion Laboratory
Reductions depend on both catalyst material and temperature
Infrared Spectroscopy Interest for Automotive Purposes
Advanced Combustion Laboratory
1942 Packard
2002 Toyota PriusGanske, Jane A. The Chemical Educator , Vol. 8 No.6 (2003)
Spectra taken from exhaust output of engine at full operating temperature and at idle speed
Experimental Setup:
Advanced Combustion Laboratory
Vacuum pumpBruker Vertex 70
Air
Test cell w/NaCl windows
1994 Honda Civic:
Advanced Combustion Laboratory
1.6 liter
CO2111 cm-1
HC2960 cm-1
4 cm-1 resolution
TimeWavenumber
Amplitude
Changes to reduce emissions:
Advanced Combustion Laboratory
2010 Honda Fit:
Advanced Combustion Laboratory
1.3 liter
CO
HC
2010 Toyota Prius:
Advanced Combustion Laboratory
1.8 liter
CO
HC
Results without a catalytic converter:1967 Oldsmobile 442
Advanced Combustion Laboratory
6.6 liter
Summary of hydrocarbon reductions:
Advanced Combustion Laboratory
Summary of CO reductions:
Advanced Combustion Laboratory
Including Olds 442:
Advanced Combustion Laboratory
hydrocarbonsCO
Acknowledgements
James Allen
Rose-Hulman Institute of TechnologyLilly Foundation Faculty Success Grant
Rose-Hulman Institute of TechnologyDean’s Equipment Investment Fund
Advanced Combustion Laboratory
Results without a catalytic converter:1992 Jetta Diesel
Advanced Combustion Laboratory
1994 Honda Civic:
Advanced Combustion Laboratory
