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Texas Under Texas Under MexicoMexico’’s Rules Rule• In 1824, Mexico adopted the Constitution of
1824 which established a federal government.• The constitution gave limited power to the
central government and broad power to the states (division of power called federalism)
• Most Tejanos, Texans, and US settlers supported the constitution as it gave more power to Texas.
Coahuila Y TexasCoahuila Y Texas
• In 1825 per the constitution, the Texas region joined the Mexican state of Coahuila forming Coahuila y Texas
• Texas remained a political subdivision and was later divided into 3 departments
Slavery Slavery (and other issues)(and other issues) in Texasin Texas
““The colonists in Texas will not be Mexicans more than in nameThe colonists in Texas will not be Mexicans more than in name”” – – An American newspaper in 1825An American newspaper in 1825
• One of the biggest issues to separate the US settlers in Texas and the Mexican government was slavery.
• During the 1820’s both Coahuila y Texas and the Mexican National government restricted slavery, even though many Texans ignored the restrictions
•Several Texans including Stephen F Austin were opposed to slavery but felt it was necessary at the time to keep the economy moving in the right direction.
•In 1827, the Coahuila y Texas state outlawed slavery.
•In 1829, President Vicente Guerrero issued a decree ending Slavery
The Law of The Law of April 6, 1830April 6, 1830
• In response to Mier y Teran’s report, The Law of April 6, 1830 was passed.
• This banned US immigration into Texas as well as made it illegal for Texans to bring in more slaves.
• Mexico hoped this would increase Mexico’s control over Texas
President Vicente Guerrero
Conflicts at Conflicts at AnahuacAnahuac
5 W5 W’’s of Anahuacs of AnahuacWho: Hundreds of Troops stationed in Texas to
enforce the Law of April 6, 1830 . A rebellion made of townspeople was led by the brother of an arrested man.
What: Tensions were rising in Anahuac between Texans and Mexican officials
Where: Anahuac- an important trade route and immigration point at the mouth of the Trinity River on Galveston Bay
When: In the 1830’s after the Law of April 6, 1830 was passed
Why: Import taxes/control of trade as well as the arresting of several Texans
The Turtle Bayou The Turtle Bayou ResolutionsResolutions
5 W5 W’’s of The Turtle Bayou Resolutionss of The Turtle Bayou Resolutions• Who: Over 150 Texas townspeople who
opposed the actions in Anahuac• What: An official document that stated the
opinions and reasons behind the march/capturing of Mexican troops at Anahuac.
• Where: Turtle Bayou- a few miles from Anahuac
• When: June 13, 1832• Why: It was not a rebellion against the
government but a defending of their rights under the constitution
The Battle of The Battle of VelascoVelasco
• During the march and minor exchange of gunfire at Anahuac (prior to the resolutions), some of the men left to find a cannon in the town of Brazoria.
• Unaware that the resolution had been filed and the conflict was over, the men headed back to Anahuac.
• When they reached Velasco, the Mexican officials would not let them pass resulting in The Battle of Velasco on June 26, 1832.
• The Mexican army soon ran out of ammunition an surrendered to the Texas colonists
Bustamante VS. Bustamante VS. Santa AnnaSanta Anna
Anastacio Bustamante- Mexico’s President from 1830 to 1832 after overthrowing and killing President Vicente Guerrero.
He took complete control of Mexico which did not comply with the Constitution of 1824
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna- Led a revolt against President Bustamante and was successful. He was elected President in 1833.
He had the support of Texas as well as much of Mexico. They all hoped he would restore the constitution.
The Convention The Convention of 1832/1833of 1832/1833
Why 2?Why 2? - many delegates did not attend the first convention leading to second convention
Texans hoped he would…
Santa AnnaSanta Anna
Elected President of Mexico in 1833.Elected President of Mexico in 1833.
Constitution of 1824Constitution of 1824
Enforce because its federalists Enforce because its federalists principles gave Texas strong principles gave Texas strong
local control.local control.
Convention of 1832/1833Convention of 1832/1833
-Allow US immigrationAllow US immigration- Make Texas a separate stateMake Texas a separate state- Exempt TX from customs duties.Exempt TX from customs duties.- Provide land for schoolsProvide land for schools
Austin is Austin is ARRESTED!!ARRESTED!!• Austin set out on a 3 month mission to Mexico
City to present the demands established in the Conventions of 1832 and 1833 to Santa Anna in April of 1833.
• Because of other issues the nation was facing, Santa Anna and the congress could not meet to discuss Austin’s demands until November.
• In October, Austin (very frustrated) wrote to the Texas government ordering them to go ahead and begin organizing a state government; even though that demand had yet to be granted.
Austin is ARRESTED Austin is ARRESTED cont!!cont!!• When Austin finally was able to meet
with Santa Anna, all the demands from the conventions were granted EXCEPT Texas being made into a separate state.
• Austin was satisfied and returned to Texas only to be arrested by Mexican officials who intercepted the letter he had written.
• Austin was imprisoned for a year (without trial) for “Challenging the Mexican Government”
Early BattlesEarly BattlesBattle of GonzalesBattle of Gonzales
Date: October 2nd, 1835Major People involved: Texan/US Settlers and Mexican TroopsPurpose of Battle: Santa Anna’s failure to follow the constitution of 1824-Battle broke out when Texans refused to surrender their cannon to the Mexican forcesOutcome (who won): TexasEffects of battle: Texas rebel victory; starting point for the war; increase the confidence of the Texas Rebels
Battle of Gonzales,October 2, 1835
Causes
Effects
• Santa Anna’s failure to follow the Constitution of 1824• rising tensions between Texans and the Mexican government• demand that U.S. settlers at Gonzales hand over their cannon
• Texas rebel victory• started a war between Texas and the Mexican government from
which Texans could not turn back• increased the resolution and confidence of the Texas rebels
Early BattlesEarly BattlesCapture of Goliad
Date: October 10, 1835Major People involved: Martin perfecto de Cos, George Collinsworth, Ben MilamPurpose of Battle: Attack the Mexican garrison because there was fewer than 30 people thereOutcome (who won): TexansEffects of battle: After this victory more people joined the rebel army
Early BattlesEarly BattlesGrass Fight
Date: Date: Nov 26Nov 26Major People involved: Major People involved: Stephen F. Austin, Stephen F. Austin, Edward Burleson Edward Burleson Purpose of Battle: Purpose of Battle: Cut off supply routesCut off supply routes Outcome (who won): Outcome (who won): Although the Texans were Although the Texans were disappointed, some realized the siege worked.disappointed, some realized the siege worked.About the battle: About the battle: Rumor spread through the Rumor spread through the Texas camp that 100 Mexican soldiers were Texas camp that 100 Mexican soldiers were carrying silver. 100 infantry troops ambushed carrying silver. 100 infantry troops ambushed the Mexicans only to find bags of grass.the Mexicans only to find bags of grass.
Early BattlesEarly BattlesCapture/Battle of San AntonioCapture/Battle of San Antonio
Date: Date: December 4-5December 4-5Major People involved: Major People involved: Ben Milam, Francis W. Ben Milam, Francis W. Johnson Johnson Purpose of Battle: Purpose of Battle: Force the Mexican troops out Force the Mexican troops out of Texasof TexasOutcome (who won): Outcome (who won): Texans; Dec 10Texans; Dec 10thth the two the two sides agreed to Cossides agreed to Cos’’s surrenders surrender Effects of battle: Effects of battle: By December 9By December 9thth the Mexican the Mexican forces had been pushed out of the center of San forces had been pushed out of the center of San Antonio, forcing CosAntonio, forcing Cos’’s surrenders surrender
1. List in order the events that led to the Battle of Gonzales?
4. What was the outcome of the siege of San Antonio?
3. Why did the Grass Fight take place and what was the result?
2. How did geographic factors such as landforms affect Texans preparing to lay siege to San Antonio?
- Gonzales cannon recalled - The Mexican army’s demand that the cannon be surrendered- Texans call for reinforcement The riverbank helped the Texans
Texas troops believed that a Mexican supply train was carrying silver, so they attacked the train. They found only grass for the horses.
Texans defeated the Mexican forces at San Antonio. Cos surrendered, and Mexican troops left Texas.
Early Conflicts Early Conflicts of the Texas of the Texas Revolution, Revolution, 18351835
Consultation of 1835Consultation of 1835PRO WARPRO WAR
Wanted to declare Wanted to declare Texas Independence Texas Independence from Mexicofrom Mexico
PRO PEACEPRO PEACE
Wanted to remain loyal to Wanted to remain loyal to Mexico and wanted the Mexico and wanted the Const. of 1824 to be Const. of 1824 to be restored.restored.
Declaration of November 7, 1835Declaration of November 7, 1835
Pledged loyalty to Mexico, explained that Texans Pledged loyalty to Mexico, explained that Texans had used force only for defense and warned that if had used force only for defense and warned that if Mexico did not restore the Constitution… Texas Mexico did not restore the Constitution… Texas would declare independencewould declare independence
The Provisional The Provisional GovernmentGovernmentGovernor- Henry Smith
He was a member of the Pro War faction
Lieutenant Governor- James Robinson
Commander and Chief of
Army- Sam Houston
Three Commissioners: Stephen F Austin, William H
Wharton and Branch T Archer
Main Goals- Recruit volunteers and raise money
General Council:
1. Estabished a Military Navy to protect the Texas ports and waterways
2. Scheduled a Convention to be held on March 1, 1836
Overall, the Provisional Government was ineffective and had poor leadershipOverall, the Provisional Government was ineffective and had poor leadership
Battle of the AlamoBattle of the AlamoMain Players
Davy Crockett:Davy Crockett:- A US Congressman from Tennessee who came as a volunteer. - A US Congressman from Tennessee who came as a volunteer. Helped fight for and defend the Alamo. Lost his life in the battle.Helped fight for and defend the Alamo. Lost his life in the battle.
James Bowie:James Bowie:- Was sent by Sam Houston to destroy the Alamo but later helped to - Was sent by Sam Houston to destroy the Alamo but later helped to defend the old mission as the Commander of the Volunteer Militia. Lost his life in defend the old mission as the Commander of the Volunteer Militia. Lost his life in the battle.the battle.
William B Travis:William B Travis:- Was a leader of the forces who defended the Alamo. He wrote - Was a leader of the forces who defended the Alamo. He wrote the famous the famous ““To the People of Texas and All Americans in the WorldTo the People of Texas and All Americans in the World””- a plea for - a plea for aid and reinforcements as the Mexican Army was advancing.aid and reinforcements as the Mexican Army was advancing.
James Bonham:James Bonham:- A Volunteer from Alabama who also lost his life in the Alamo- - A Volunteer from Alabama who also lost his life in the Alamo- He left at one point to get help only to return for the Fall of the AlamoHe left at one point to get help only to return for the Fall of the Alamo
Susanna Dickenson:Susanna Dickenson:- A noncombatant who was spared by Santa Anna. She was - A noncombatant who was spared by Santa Anna. She was sent by Santa Anna with a message to Sam Houston regarding the future fate of sent by Santa Anna with a message to Sam Houston regarding the future fate of Texas.Texas.
Battle of the AlamoBattle of the AlamoBefore The Seige
How were the Texans prepared for the advancement of the Mexican Army?
- They built up the mission walls, placed cannons around the Alamo. Stocked up on food and weaponry…
Why protect “The Alamo”?- It was decided that the artillery and weapons housed in the Alamo were too valuable to destroy.
Battle of the AlamoBattle of the Alamo The Seige and the Fall
DateDate:: Feb. 23 –March 6, 1836 (13 days) Feb. 23 –March 6, 1836 (13 days)Major People InvolvedMajor People Involved:: TX--- William B. Travis, Davy TX--- William B. Travis, Davy
Crockett, James Bowie; MX --- Santa AnnaCrockett, James Bowie; MX --- Santa Anna• March 5March 5thth – Travis – Travis’’ Line in the Sand incident Line in the Sand incident
involving Louis Rose leaving the Alamoinvolving Louis Rose leaving the Alamo• March 6March 6thth – final assault in the early morning hours – final assault in the early morning hoursOutcomeOutcome:: TX lost; Mexico won; all Texans killed (183 TX lost; Mexico won; all Texans killed (183
men); Santa Anna sends Susanna Dickinson to Sam men); Santa Anna sends Susanna Dickinson to Sam Houston with fate of Texans at the Alamo messageHouston with fate of Texans at the Alamo message
EffectsEffects:: Runaway Scrape begins; Sam Houston and Runaway Scrape begins; Sam Houston and TX army retreated eastward towards the US; TX army retreated eastward towards the US; determined to defeat Santa Anna; Battle cry: determined to defeat Santa Anna; Battle cry: Remember the Alamo! Remember the Alamo!
Later Battles/EventsLater Battles/Events
Capture of Santa Anna by William H Huddle
Date: March 11th Major People involved: Sam Houston and Texans Causes: • Sam Houston and others learn of the fall of the Alamo • A larger Mexican force is advancing on a smaller Texas force, • Houston orders forces to retreat and burn Gonzales. • Fear spreads across Texas and civilians flee
Runaway Scrape
Later Battles/EventsLater Battles/Events
Capture of Santa Anna by William H Huddle
Battle at Coleto CreekDate: March 19thMajor People involved: Gen. James Fannin (Texas), General Urrea (Mexico)Purpose of Battle: Texas troops stopped in a prairie and were surrounded by Mexican troops.Outcome (who won): Texans surrenderedEffects of battle: most Texas rebels were march back to Goliad; led to Goliad Massacre
Later Battles/EventsLater Battles/Events
Capture of Santa Anna by William H Huddle
Goliad Massacre
Date: March 27thMajor People involved: Fannin’s troops and soldiers captured outside of VictoriaPurpose of Battle: Mexican soldiers executed more than 400 Texans after the battle of Coleto Creek.Outcome Few Texans escapedEffects of battle: Francita Alavez (who was traveling with the Mexican Troops) helped some escape and is known as the Angel of Goliad
Later Battles/EventsLater Battles/Events
Capture of Santa Anna by William H Huddle
Battle of San Jacinto
Date: April 20th-21st
Major People involved: Santa Anna, Sam Houston, Mirabeau B. LamarPurpose of Battle: Independence; The Texans took the Mexican army by surpriseOutcome (who won): Texans- won their independenceEffects of battle: Texans- won their independence the battle Lasted 18 minutesCapture of Santa Anna- Treaty of Velasco
Convention of 1836Convention of 1836
@ Washington-on-the-Brazos@ Washington-on-the-BrazosPresident President (of the Convention)(of the Convention) : : Richard EllisRichard Ellis
Delegates:Delegates: Sam Houston, Sam Houston, Lorenzo de Zavala, Lorenzo de Zavala, George ChildressGeorge Childress
Results:Results:
• Created the Declaration of Created the Declaration of IndependenceIndependence
• Created the Constitution of Created the Constitution of 18361836
• Set up a Ad Interim Govt. Set up a Ad Interim Govt.
The Constitution of 1836The Constitution of 1836
• Legalized slavery in TexasLegalized slavery in Texas
• Based on the US Constitution and included Bill of Rights Based on the US Constitution and included Bill of Rights ( Freedom of Religion- Freedom of the Press- Freedom of Speech- Trial by Jury)( Freedom of Religion- Freedom of the Press- Freedom of Speech- Trial by Jury)
Ad Interim GovernmentAd Interim GovernmentDuring the Convention- a temporary government was assigned During the Convention- a temporary government was assigned until elections could be helduntil elections could be held
President:President: David G Burnet
Vice President:Vice President: Lorenzo de Zavala
Branches of GovernmentBranches of GovernmentLegislative-Legislative- create the laws and also known as create the laws and also known as the congressthe congress
Executive- Executive- enforces/carries out the laws and led enforces/carries out the laws and led by the Presidentby the President
Judicial-Judicial- provides a court system provides a court system
