Independence, 1808 – 1824

Independence, 1808 – 1824

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Why Independence?• “Age of Revolution”• Napoleon & Joseph Bonaparte• 1808 = King Ferdinand VII removed

Joseph BonaparteNapoleon

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Representative Government, 1808 – 1814 • Juntas & the Cortes• Constitution of 1812• Cabildos for 1,000 + residents• Voting fears

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Rebellion in Mexico

• The Bajìo & Morelia• Father Miguel

Hidalgo Costilla• “El Grito de

Dolores”• 60,000 people =

50% Indians + 20% mestizos

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“People driven by hunger and unemployment, pulled into the maelstrom of violence by the prospect of daily wages in the rebel forces, the easy pickings of looting, or simply to escape the depressed conditions of home.”

--Historian Eric Van Young

Josè Marìa Morelos• 1811 – 1815

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Venezuela• Experimental

government, 1809• Simòn Bolìvar vs. Josè

Tomàs Boves • Racial tension

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Phase II, 1814 - 1824

• Hidalgo & Morelos dead in Mexico

• Simòn Bolìvar hiding in Jamaica

• King Ferdinand VII returns to throne

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Mexico, 1821

• Spanish army General Augustìn + Vicente Guerrero

• Plan de Iguala, 1821

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Venezuela, 1816 – 1822

• Reversal of racial strategy

• Republic of Gran Colombia (1822) = Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador

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Rest of South America• Argentina & Chile, 1818• Josè de San Martìn• Peru, 1825

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New Government?

• Republic with Executive, Legislative, Judiciary branches

• Who will control national politics?

Documents

Independence, 1808 – 1824