The Respiratory System

1

2

3

4

5

8

6

7

Trachea / Wind pipe

Lung

Rib

Bronchus

Diaphragm

Air sacs / Alveoli

Bronchiole

Muscles

Alveoli / Air SacsThis is where gas exchange happens...

• Oxygen diffuses into the blood• Carbon dioxide diffuses out

Air SacsThis is where gas exchange happens.

Oxygen diffuses into the blood.

Carbon dioxide diffuses out.

Gas exchange• Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs• Oxygen diffuses into the blood• Carbon dioxide diffuses out

blood in

blood out

CO2

O2

Why are alveoli so effective for gas exchange?

AlveoliAlveoli are good at gas exchange because:

• They have a large surface area• They have a good blood supply• Their lining is moist• They are very thin

This means a lot of diffusion can happen quickly!

Why do veins look blue?

Why is blood red?Haemoglobin, found in red blood cells, carries oxygen around the body.

Haemoglobin contains iron which looks bright red combined with oxygen.

Nice dissection video

http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/learning/bitesize/standard/biology/the_body_in_action/the_need_for_energy_rev3.shtml

What stops things getting into your lungs?

What stops things getting into your lungs?

Mucus and Cilia

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=miEEluVlemQ

Respiratory System• Trachea and bronchi are lined with:

– Rings of cartilage for support; prevents tubes closing– Mucus to trap dirt and germs– Cilia (tiny hairs) to sweep mucus out of the lungs

Model Lung

BreathingBreathing is not the same as respiration.

Respiration is a chemical reaction.

Breathing is the process of moving air in and out of the body.

BreathingWhen you breathe in what happens to...

• Your ribs?• Your diaphragm?• The volume of your lungs?

Breathing

Inhale: take air into lungs

Exhale: remove air from lungs

Lung Measurements

Lung Measurements

Tidal volume: the volume of air you move in and out of your lungs when breathing normally

Vital capacity: this is the maximum volume of air you can move out of your lungs

Peak flow: this is the maximum rate which you can force air out of your lungs

Tidal volume

Vital capacity

Peak flow

the maximum volume of air you can move

out of your lungs

the maximum rate which you can force air out of your lungs

volume of air you move in and out of

your lungs when breathing normally

How much air can your lungs hold?

How long can you hold your breath?

The man who can hold his breath for 10 minutes!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Vcv01Jm-Ow

Tidal Volume(normal breath)

Vital Capacity(forced exhale)

7cm 19cm

3800

200

What might a doctor use peak flow to test for?

Peak flow can be used to test for asthma.

What factors might affect lung measurements?

What might cause someone to have a bigger or smaller vital capacity?

Size

Age

Sex

Fitness

Videos and Animations

• http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/glowscience/human_body/lungs/film_151/index.html

Respiration

• http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology/pc/learningsteps/RPRLC/launch.html

• http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology/pc/learningsteps/CRBLC/launch.html

Alveoli

• http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology/pc/learningsteps/AOALC/launch.html

Mucus

• http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology/pc/learningsteps/MUMLC/launch.html

Respiratory System

• http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology/pc/learningsteps/TRSLC/launch.html

Gas Exchange

• http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology/pc/learningsteps/GEXLC/launch.html

Air

• http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology/pc/learningsteps/GEXLC/launch.html

• http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology/pc/learningsteps/DNXLC/launch.html

Breathing

• http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology/pc/learningsteps/BRVLC/launch.html

• http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology/pc/learningSimulations/BRVSC/launch.html

Alveoli• http://subscription.echalk.co.uk/Science/

biology/breathing/RespiritorySystemLabelling/RespiratoryLabel.html

Respiratory System• http://subscription.echalk.co.uk/Science/

biology/breathing/RespiritorySystemLabelling/RespiratoryLabel.html

Breathing

• http://subscription.echalk.co.uk/Science/biology/breathing/breathingAni/breathing.html