THE PLAN IMPLEMENTATION - Ottawadocuments.ottawa.ca/sites/documents.ottawa.ca/files/documents/... · THE PLAN IMPLEMENTATION CONTEXT FOR CHANGE 21 1.0 ... a pause in the process where

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1.0INTRODUCTION

2.0CONTEXT FOR CHANGE

3.0THE AREA TODAY

4.0THE PLAN

5.0IMPLEMENTATION

3 The Area TodayFrom rural beginnings over 200 years ago, the study area has evolved into a complex piece of urban fabric within dynamic Ottawa. This section looks at the distinct precincts or neighbourhoods that make up the area and the systems, in terms of transportation, utilities and the public realm, that provide connections and infrastructure. The analysis of existing conditions in the area, together with the policy framework described in the previous section, sets the stage for the Community Design Plan.

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3.1 Land Use and Character

Historical BackgroundFrom the subdivision of farmland in the former Nepean Township and the development of estates along Richmond Road (Wellington Street today) emerged the communities of Hintonburg and Mechanicsville in the mid-to-late 19th century. Railroads were built through the area to transport lumber from the Ottawa River, and a major roundhouse was built where the Tom Brown Arena stands today. Home to mill and railroad workers, the area’s growth was further encouraged when a streetcar line was added to Richmond Road in 1896. This led to more housing for civil servants and middle-class professionals, with Richmond Road becoming a hub of commercial and cultural activity. In 1907, Hintonburg was annexed by the City of Ottawa, followed by Mechanicsville four years later.

In the 1950s and 1960s, Jacques Gréber’s plan for the National Capital resulted in significant changes to the Scott Street area. The objective to decentralize government offices led to the development of Tunney’s Pasture. The expropriation of properties in Mechanicsville was necessary to create a scenic parkway along the Ottawa River. And the rail lines in the area were removed with the goal of improving transportation. In the 1980s, one of the rail corridors would become the Transitway.

Many area homes and commercial buildings built in the late 19th and early 20th century remain today. More than three dozen are listed on the City’s Heritage Reference List, and the former Richmond Lodge on Armstrong Street along with three

of the original buildings in Tunney’s Pasture are designated under Part IV of the Heritage Act. While having a lesser role today as a transit and vehicular corridor, Wellington Street West nevertheless retains the mainstreet role it historically held.

The Scott Street area’s historical evolution has resulted in one of the most diverse parts of Ottawa in terms of land use, building types and sizes, and general character. Within the mixed-use pattern overall are distinct neighbourhoods and precincts that each contain discrete opportunities for positive change.

LISTED HERITAGE BUILDINGS

Through the CDP process, staff with Heritage Services requested that the following properties be added to the Heritage Register:

50 Carruthers Avenue 129 Carruthers Avenue86 Carruthers Avenue 11 Hilda Street91 Carruthers Avenue 179 Hinchey Avenue121 Carruthers Avenue 12 Stirling (original building)

Section 27 (1.2) of the Ontario Heritage Act gives the municipality the power to add non-designated properties of cultural heritage value or interest to the City of Ottawa Heritage Register. Adding non-designated properties to the Heritage Register means that the owner of the building is required to provide the City of Ottawa with 60 days notice prior to demolition. This notice provides a pause in the process where City staff can negotiate with the owner of the property for the retention and integration of the existing building into any proposed development. In addition, the notice period can provide the City with the time to complete a full heritage survey and evaluation on the property to determine whether it meets the criteria for designation under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act.

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Provincial HighwayAutoroute provinciale

Federally Owned RoadRoute fédérale

ArterialArtère

Major CollectorGrande collectrice

CollectorRoute collectrice

Potential Collector onTunney`s Pasture(Conceptual)Route collectrice possible (conceptuelle)

Potential Federally Owned RoadRoute locale possible

Potential Local Street onTunney`s Pasture(Conceptual)au pré Tunney (conceptuelle)

Future Local StreetRue locale future

Right-of-Way Protection Priority(26m)Protection de l’emprise (26 m)

Signalized IntersectionCarrefour avec feux de circulation

Proposed Number of Car LanesNombre de voies pour les voitures proposées

LRT StationStation du TLR

Bayview Station CDPDu Secteur do la station Bayview

Provincial HighwayAutoroute provinciale

Federally Owned RoadRoute fédérale

ArterialArtère

Major CollectorImportante route collectrice

CollectorRoute collectrice

Right-of-Way Protection Priority(26m)Protection de l’emprise (26 m)

Existing Signalized IntersectionCarrefour avec feux de circulation actuel

Transitway StationStation du Transitway

CDP Study Area

CDP Area BoundaryLimite du PCC

CDP Focus AreaSecteur d’intérêt du PCC

General Urban AreaZone urbaine générale

Central AreaZone centrale

Mixed Use Centre Centre d’utilisations polyvalentes

Major Open SpaceEspaces verts d’importance

Urban Natural FeaturesCaractéristiques naturelles de zone urbaine

Traditional Main StreetRue principale traditionnelle

Existing Multi-use PathwaySentier polyvalent existant

Proposed Multi-use PathwaySentier polyvalent proposé

Future Pedestrian Pathway Sentier piétonnier futur

Future PathwaySentier futur

Enhanced Community PathwaySentier communautaire amélioré

Existing PathwaySentier existant

Enhanced Cross WalkPassage pour piétons amélioré


Future LRT StationStation du TLR future



Proposed Multi-use PathwaySentier polyvalent proposé

Future Cycle Track (O�-Road)Voie cyclable future (hors rue)

Future Bike Lane (On-Road)Voie cyclable future (sur rue)

Future Shared Use Lane (Signed Route)Future voie partagée (tracé balisé)

Enhanced Cross WalkPassage pour piétons amélioré


Future LRT StationStation du Transitway



Existing O�-Street Multi-use PathwaySentier polyvalent hors rue existant

Existing PathwaySentier existant


BRT StationStation de transport en commun rapide par autobus (TCRA)

LRT Station

LRT Line

Existing Bus Route

Existing O-train/Planned LRT Line

LRT Station Plaza

LRT Station

BRT

Planned LRT Line

Bus Route (Based on Existing)


Interim Transfer Bus Station

Interim Bus Parking

BRT Station

BRT

Existing Bus Route


Residential-High Pro�leUtilisation résidentielle à pro�l élevé

Residential-Medium Pro�leUtilisation résidentielle à pro�l moyen

Residential-Low Pro�leUtilisation résidentielle à pro�l bas

CommercialCommerciale

O�ceBureau

InstitutionalInstitutionnelle

IndustrialIndustrielle

UtilityServices publics

Open Space and ParksEspace ouvert et parcs

Low-Pro�le Residential BuildingMedium-Pro�le Residential BuildingHigh-Pro�le Residential BuildingResidential Mixed-Use BuildingO�ce BuildingRetail Space BuildingPublic/Institutional Building

Low-Rise Neighbourhood

Tunneys Pasture Mixed-Use CentreSubject to Tunneys Pasture Master Plan

Holland-Parkdale NodeMixed-Use Centre

Secondary Mainstreet

Active Frontage

NCC

Existing/Proposed Open Space

Existing/Proposed Plaza

Community Centre/Facility

LRT Station

CDP Study Area

BRT Station/Planned LRT StationStation de transport en commun rapide par autobus (TCRA)/station du TLR plani�é

BRT Line/ Planned LRT LineLigne de transport en commun rapide par autobus/ ligne de TLR prévue

Existing Bus Route Circuit d’autobus existant

Existing O-train/Planned LRT LineTracé actuel de l’O-Train/ligne du TLR prévue

Planned LRT Station PlazaPlace de la station du TLR prévue



Existing O�-Street Multi-use PathwaySentier polyvalent hors rue existant

Existing Bike Lane (On-Road)Voie cyclable actuelle (sur rue)

Existing Shared Use LaneVoie partagée actuelle


Transitway StationStation du Transitway

ApprovedApprouvées

Under ReviewEn examen

Under Construction/Recently CompletedEn construction/Achevé récemment

CDP AreasSecteurs des PCC

Scott St. CDP Study AreaSecteur à l’étude du PCC de la rue Scott

Height Limits Subject toTunney`s Pasture Master Plan

Low Pro�leUp to 11mUp to 14.5 m (4 Storeys ) Up to 14.5 m (4 Storeys ) *Except Where Angular Premits Greater Height-See Guidelines Section 4.2.2(C)

Medium Pro�leUp to 19 m (6 Storeys)

High Pro�le Up to 76m (25 Storeys)Up to 55m (18 Storeys)Up to 37m (12 Storeys)

Maximum Height Subjuct to Angular Plane and CDP Tall-Building Guidelines

Height Limits Varies as Per Existing Zoning

General Location for Tall Building*Subject to CDP Tall-Building Guidelines

Neighbourhood Line

LRT Station

CDP Study Area

Transit Plaza

Parkdale Greenway

Sir Frederick Banting Greenway

Columbine Cycling Route

Transitway Greenway

Neighbourhood Park and Community Centre

T

1

2

3

4

5

6

Mixed-Use CentreCentre d’utilisations polyvalentes

Secondary MainstreetRue principale résidentielle

Low-Rise Residential Secteur résidentiel de faible hauteur

Low-Rise Residential (Max 6 Storeys)Secteur résidentiel de faible hauteur (6 étages)

Apartment NeighbourhoodQuartier d’immeubles de logements

Local CommercialLocal commercial

Public/Institutional AreaSecteur public/institutionnel

Open SpaceEspace ouvert

Mid Block Connection Lien à mi pâté

Mid Block Connection-ConceptualLien à mi pâté-Conceptuel

Tunney`s Pasture Open SpaceEspace ouvert pré Tunney

Capital FunctionFunction de la Capital

NCC Open SpaceEspace vert de la CCN

Subject to NCC Urban Land MasterplanSous reserve de l'achèvement du Plan directeur des terrains urbains de la capitale

UtilityServices publics

Potential Community Centre/ FacilityCentre/installations communautaires potentiels

LRT StationStation du TLR

Neighbourhood LineLigne de quartier

CDP Study AreaSecteur d’étude du PCC

**

Scott

Burnside

Ladouceur

Bullman

Bullman

Parc

Laroche Park

Remic

Rapids Park

Lyndale

Sorrel

Sir Jo

hn A. M

acdonald

Eglantine

Sunnymede

Premier

Yarrow

Tunney’s PasturePré Tunney

Bayview

Garland

Hilda

Goldenrod

Sir Frederick BantingNorthw

esternCowley

Spencer

Armstrong

Wellington

Parkdale

Pinehurst

Hinchey

Carruthers

Stirling

Parkdale

Forward

Hinchey

Carruthers

Stonehurst

Pinhey

Merton

Holland

Hamilton

Huron

CarolineSmirleGrangeRossGilchristW

esternCarleton

Colombine

EXISTING LAND USE (2012)

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3.1.1 MechanicsvilleMechanicsville is one of the city’s most eclectic neighbourhoods, home to more than 2,200 people living in all types of housing, from detached dwellings to high-rise apartment buildings. It also contains places of worship, social service agencies and several small-scale commercial establishments, including two convenience stores, a take-out restaurant and automobile service shops. Laroche Park is a prominent and well-used feature of the neighbourhood.

Behind the apartment buildings that dominate the east side of Parkdale Avenue, the lower-scale residential buildings of Mechanicsville display a variety of architectural styles and their physical condition varies. Nevertheless, the tight-knit fabric of the neighbourhood, a result of narrow lots and unusually narrow streets, gives it a character that is highly valued by residents. Its qualities are also consistent with the concept of compact, transit-oriented neighbourhoods, which is a planning objective across the city. The replacement of existing buildings with detached and semi-detached dwellings or townhouse projects has increased in recent years and will likely continue. While adding to the architectural variety of the neighbourhood, they are generally respecting the current zoning in the area and thereby maintaining its low-rise character.

Also recently, the Mixed-Use Centre designation in the Official Plan has provided a rationale for the approval of new high-rise apartment buildings along Parkdale Avenue. There is a risk thatlandowners to the east will interpret the designation to mean

that high-density projects are appropriate throughout the neighbourhood and seek rezonings accordingly, potentially altering the character of the area if such projects were approved.

Although the oldest parts of Mechanicsville have an established form and character that are generally desirable, there are strategic sites for redevelopment and a number of opportunities to improve the neighbourhood for existing and future residents. Below is a summary of challenges and opportunities to which this CDP responds.

Challenges

• Sporadic vacant sites and small parking lots

• Burnside Avenue not inviting to pedestrians and cyclists

• Proximity to the Ottawa River and open space system but limited access

• Incomplete and poorly maintained rear laneways

• Aging facilities at heavily-used Laroche Park, including an undersized community centre

• Narrow or missing sidewalks

• Poorly designed and maintained pathway along the Transitway

• Retail amenities in the neighbourhood are limited and some existing establishments do not conform to current zoning

Opportunities

• Enforce prohibition against commercial parking lots

• Encourage infill development and sensitive redevelopment up to four storeys and slightly taller buildings on Burnside Avenue

• Enhance Burnside Avenue streetscape

• Improve access to and across NCC lands

• Maintain City ownership of laneway right-of-ways—complete and maintain them as needed to address parking issues

• Upgrade facilities in Laroche Park and enlarge the park

• Build sidewalks where right-of-way allows

• Transform informal pathway, orphan spaces and Forward Street cul-de-sac into a linear park with a paved pathway and maintained green spaces for sitting, playing and other community activities

• Permit and encourage small-scale, neighbourhood-oriented commercial uses in strategic locations (including existing retail sites)

• Establish strong pedestrian connections to planned high street in future Bayview neighbourhood

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LAROCHE PARK

BURNSIDE AVENUE LOOKING WEST

PATHWAY NORTH OF TRANSITWAY

AERIAL OF MECHANICSVILLE

EXISTING LOW-RISE RESIDENTIAL LOCAL COMMERCIAL USES AT LYNDALE AND HINCHEY

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3.1.2 North HintonburgThe north half of Hintonburg, east of Parkdale Avenue, is made up of predominantly detached homes in a variety of architectural styles but also contains many semi-detached homes, townhouses and low-rise apartment buildings. Most homes are built close to the street. The residential core of the neighbourhood is generally in good physical condition, although the replacement of older homes with newly built ones is increasing. Most residents are within walking distance of the many retail establishments on Wellington Street West, the Hintonburg Community Centre, Tom Brown Arena and schools south of Wellington Street West. In addition to Parkdale Park, outside of the Scott Street study area, there are four small parks north of Wellington Street West.

The north edge of Hintonburg, along Scott Street, between Parkdale and Merton Avenues, is less well defined than the Wellington Street West edge. Here there is a mix of auto-oriented commercial establishments, a hydro sub-station, the Odawa School and a small office building. The presence of parking lots and a number of single-storey buildings suggests the opportunity for redevelopment and intensification along Scott Street. East of Merton Avenue, houses are extremely close to Scott Street, with little room for a sidewalk and landscaping between the roadway and the property line.

Challenges

• Inconsistent and generally unattractive character of development on Scott Street

• Uncomfortable and unattractive streetscape on Scott Street and Parkdale Avenue

• Shallow sites on Scott Street and east side of Parkdale Avenue

• Limited access to large green spaces

Opportunities

• Encourage redevelopment, intensification and the establishment of a streetwall along Scott Street, west of Merton Avenue

• Enhance the south boulevard of Scott Street

• Encourage low-rise redevelopment and small-scale commercial uses on the east side of Parkdale Avenue

• Improve pedestrian connections to Laroche Park and the Ottawa River

3.1.3 Holland-Parkdale NodeThe area between Holland and Parkdale Avenues, south of Scott Street, is technically part of Hintonburg but is physically quite different and in some respects detached from the rest of the neighbourhood and needs to be considered independently. This is reinforced by its Mixed-Use Centre designation in the Official Plan and corresponding MC zoning, which permit a wide range of uses and a target area for intensification.

The existing land uses and character of development a target area for different from the rest of the neighbourhood. Here there is a mix of older detached homes, commercial establishments, office buildings, newer and older apartment buildings, a

townhouse complex and mixed office-industrial buildings. The Holland Cross development at Scott Street and Holland Avenue consists of two 7-storey office buildings integrated with a small retail mall. Further south on Holland are two 9-storey apartment buildings, behind which is the townhouse complex. These developments, together with an existing 8-storey apartment building at the corner of Spencer Street and Parkdale Avenue, represent the stable parts of the blocks between Holland and Parkdale Avenue. The remaining sites with older buildings along Parkdale, Bullman Street and Scott Street have the potential for redevelopment. The Zoning By-law currently limits heights on these sites to 19 metres.

Challenges

• Undefined character and unfriendly pedestrian conditions of Parkdale Avenue

• Underutilized properties west of Parkdale, close to the station

• Adjacency of low-rise neighbourhoods

• Long block between Holland and Parkdale Avenues

• Limited access to large green spaces

Opportunities

• Encourage transit-supportive, high-density redevelopment with active ground-floor uses

• Mass taller buildings so that heights at the edges of Parkdale and Holland Avenues are low and taller elements are set back

• Break up the long block with a north-south pathway

• Improve pedestrian connections to Laroche Park and the Ottawa River

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PARKDALE AVENUE SOUTH OF SCOTT STREET

HOUSING BEHIND HOLLAND CROSS

SCOTT STREET EAST OF PARKDALE AVENUE

AERIAL OF NORTH HINTONBURG

SCOTT STREET & PARKDALE AVENUE INTERSECTION EXISTING LOW-RISE RESIDENTIAL

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3.1.4 Wellington Village and Champlain ParkWellington Village is an attractive, stable neighbourhood consisting of mostly detached and semi-detached homes. Several older houses on Holland Avenue have been partially or fully converted to commercial uses. Generally deeper lots than are found in Mechanicsville and Hintonburg allow for front yards and deeper backyards. The neighbourhood enjoys close proximity to shops, restaurants and other attractions on Wellington Street West, but contains no parkland.

Champlain Park, further from Wellington Street West but closer to the river, contains a sizable neighbourhood park and an elementary school. Leafy like Wellington Village, it is comprised of detached and semi-detached homes, with the replacement of smaller homes with larger ones increasing. At the southeast corner of the neighbourhood are two places of worship, including a mosque that draws worshipers from across the city.

Challenge

• Lack of green space in Wellington Village

Opportunity

• Improve connections through Tunney’s Pasture to riverfront open space

3.1.4 Tunney`s PastureThe original vision for Tunney’s Pasture in Jacques Gréber’s 1950 Plan for the National Capital was of a group of office and research buildings in a quiet and secure park-like setting. The suburban-styled campus plan was designed with wide avenues lined with modern, classical-inspired buildings, built with similar materials, massing and scale. Approximately 18 low-rise buildings, most combining research and office space, were constructed at Tunney’s Pasture during the 1950s and 1960s. The 1970s brought additions to original buildings, office towers and a variety of cladding materials. Today, more than 10,000 public servants in 19 Crown-owned buildings occupy the 49-hectare site. Several departments have facilities at Tunney’s, with Health Canada and Statistics Canada having the largest presence on the site.

The heart of Tunney’s Pasture, centred on the main north-south axis, is considered a significant culture landscape with a general character to be maintained, and there are three designated heritage buildings on the site. It is also recognized that the car-oriented nature of the campus needs to evolve to support alternative modes of travel and there is much land readily available, including parking lots, to accommodate significantly more people. The vision behind the emerging Tunney’s Pasture Master Plan includes more than 20,000 employees and a significant amount of residential and mixed-use development.

As the federal government proceeds to further develop Tunney’s Pasture, particularly for residential uses, a number of

opportunities to better integrate the site with the surrounding community will emerge.

Opportunities

• Creation of a transit plaza with completion of the LRT station, a place for meeting, sitting and eating.

• Extension of Sir Frederick Banting Driveway to the Sir John A. Macdonald Parkway to improve vehicular access to the site and pedestrian/bicycle access to the Ottawa River.

• Redesign of Sir Frederick Banting Driveway and Colombine Driveways as complete city streets, with improved cycling and pedestrian facilities and more trees, to improve connectivity through the site.

• The incorporation of community facilities, such as a park, a community centre and potentially a school, into plans for a residential neighbourhood on the site.

• Establishment of a new face on Parkdale Avenue that includes mixed-use development, new open spaces and a multi-use path that improves connections to the river.

• Development of an east-west mid-block pedestrian connection through the large block between Tunney’s Pasture Driveway and Parkdale Avenue.

• Development of more mixed-use buildings with street-related commercial amenities for workers and residents on the ground floor.

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29 AERIAL OF TUNNEY’S PASTURE

COLOMBINE DRIVEWAY

TUNNEY`S PASTURE

PARKDALE AVENUE

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As the federal government proceeds to further develop Tunney’s Pasture, particularly for residential uses, a number of opportunities to better integrate the site with the surrounding community will emerge. Opportunities

- Creation of a transit plaza with completion of the LRT station, a place for meeting, sitting and eating.

- Extension of Sir Frederick Banting to the Sir John A. Macdonald Parkway to improve vehicular access to the site and pedestrian/bicycle access to the Ottawa River.

- Redesign of Sir Frederick Banting and Colombine as complete city streets, with improved cycling and pedestrian facilities and more trees, to improve connectivity through the site.

- The incorporation of community facilities, such as a park, a community centre and potentially a school, into plans for a residential neighbourhood on the site.

- Establishment of a new face on Parkdale Avenue that includes mixed-use development, new open spaces and a multi-use path that improves connections to the river.

- Development of an east-west mid-block pedestrian connection through the large block between Tunney’s Pasture Driveway and Parkdale.

- Development of more mixed-use buildings with street-related commercial amenities for workers and residents on the ground floor.

Map of TP opportunities 3.2 Density The Mixed-Use Centre (MUC) within the Scott Street area is intended to accommodate both residential and employment growth, which will support investments in public transit and help ensure the city as a whole grows sustainably. To inform policies and guidelines directing how much growth should occur and the form it should take, Table X below breaks down estimates of the existing population of the MUC and the overall density today. The area of the MUC excludes the established core of Mechanicsville since it is not considered an appropriate location for significant intensification, as discussed in Section 3.1.1.

The approximate density of 241 people and jobs per hectare that will be achieved when the approved apartment buildings on Parkdale are built and occupied is close to the City’s minimum target for the MUC of 250. The addition of a further approximately 520 people and jobs to the area would meet the target.

Scott

Burnside

Ladouceur

Bullman

Bullman

Parc

Laroche Park

Remic

Rapids Park

Lyndale

Sorrel

Sir Jo

hn A. M

acdonald

Eglantine

Sunnymede

Premier

Yarrow

Tunney’s PasturePré Tunney

Bayview

Garland

Hilda

Goldenrod

Sir Frederick BantingNorthw

esternCowley

Spencer

Armstrong

Wellington

Parkdale

Pinehurst

Hinchey

Carruthers

Stirling

Parkdale

Forward

Hinchey

Carruthers

Stonehurst

Pinhey

Merton

Holland

Hamilton

Huron

CarolineSmirleGrangeRossGilchristW

esternCarletonColombine

TUNNEY`S PASTURE

BAYVIEW

TUNNEY`S PASTURE

HOLLAND-PARKDALE NODE

EAST OF PARKDALE

MIXED-USE CENTRE WITHIN THE STUDY AREA

3.2 Density

The Mixed-Use Centre (MUC) within the Scott Street area is intended to accommodate both residential and employment growth, which will support investments in public transit and help ensure the city as a whole grows sustainably. To inform policies and guidelines directing how much growth should occur and the form it should take, Table 1 below breaks down estimates of the existing population of the MUC and the overall density today. The area of the MUC excludes the established core of Mechanicsville, where there are limited opportunities for intensification due to the existing fabric and current height limits.

When the approved high-rise buildings on Parkdale Avenue north of Scott Street are built, the approximate density of the MUC will be 241 people and jobs per hectare. This density is very

close to the minimum target for the MUC of 250. The addition of approximately 520 more people and jobs to the area would meet the target.

It’s important to understand that 250 people and jobs per hectare is a minimum target. There is no established optimal density target for the area; intensification beyond the minimum target should be encouraged provided all planning objectives are being met. The fact that the MUC’s density is close to achieving the minimum target already allows intensification to be focused strategically, outside of established neighbourhoods.As discussed above in Section 3.1.2, besides Tunney’s Pasture, the properties on the west side of Parkdale Avenue occupied by older, low-rise buildings are the most appropriate and likely location for significant intensification.

Portion of MUC

Area (ha) Units (approx.) Residents (based on 1.7

persons per unit average)

Employees (approx.)

People + Jobs

Density (people + jobs per

ha) Tunney’s Pasture

None - 10,000 10,000

Holland- Parkdale Node

560 952 1,000 1,952

East of Parkdale

600 existing + 562 approved

1,975 None 1,975

TOTAL 57.7 1,722 2,927 11,000 13,927 241

Documents

THE PLAN IMPLEMENTATION - Ottawadocuments.ottawa.ca/sites/documents.ottawa.ca/files/documents/... · THE PLAN IMPLEMENTATION CONTEXT FOR CHANGE 21 1.0 ... a pause in the process where