The Peopling of the World

Prehistory – 2500 B.C.Chapter 1

What do you see in this picture?

Anthropologist vs.

Archeologist

Study of historic or prehistoric peoples and their cultures by analysis of their artifacts.

Study of other cultures.

Stone AgeStone Age Split into two parts

• 1) Paleolithic Age – 2.5 million to 8000 B.C.

• 2) Neolithic Age – 8000 B.C. – 3000 B.C.

Where were early humans from?

•     Neandertal      modern Homo sapiens

How did those early people survive?

• Nomads were hunter-gathers

Role of Women vs. Men

• Gathered fruits, berries, roots and grasses.

• Took care of children.

· Hunted

Neolithic Neolithic RevolutionRevolution

• Also called Agricultural Revolution

• Shift from food-gathering to food-producing.

What caused Agricultural Revolution?• 1) Change in climate.

• 2) Supply of grain.• 3) Pressure to support growing

population.

Where Agricultural Revolution took place:

MesoamericaMesoamerica

AndesAndes AmazoniaAmazonia

Eastern North AmericaEastern North America

New GuineaNew Guinea

ChinaChina

EthiopiaEthiopia

WestWestAfricaAfrica

Fertile CrescentFertile Crescent

Between about 12,000 and 1,000 BCE, farmingBetween about 12,000 and 1,000 BCE, farmingappeared INDEPENDENTLY in a number of places,appeared INDEPENDENTLY in a number of places,

possibly in all of the places marked in red on the map.possibly in all of the places marked in red on the map.

1,000 years ago Today

Big Eras 4-9

10,000 years ago

Big Era 3

Big Era 2

Nile valleyNile valley

which reflects the which reflects the DOMESTICATIONDOMESTICATION of… of…

and plantsand plantsanimalsanimals

One of the major One of the major changes is reflected in changes is reflected in this frieze on a wall in this frieze on a wall in Mesopotamia (today Mesopotamia (today Iraq) :Iraq) :

What does all this mean?

• People started farming. • People no longer on the move.• More food led to population growth.• Led to start of civilizations.

                                                                 

SURPLUS FOOD SURPLUS FOOD PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION……

……means that not means that not everyone has to grow everyone has to grow food or tend animals. food or tend animals. They can take on other They can take on other tasks. They can tasks. They can specialize in some non-specialize in some non-farming task. farming task.

Domestication of Plants and AnimalsDomestication of Plants and Animals

FarmingFarming

Surplus FoodSurplus Food SpecializationSpecializationPopulationPopulation

IntensificationIntensification

Complex Society,Complex Society,also known asalso known asCIVILIZATIONCIVILIZATION