THE PEOPLE OF THE WORLD, PREHISTORY-2500

B.C. Unit 1

HUMAN ORIGINS IN AFRICA

Chapter 1Section 1

Vocabulary I Culture: People’s unique way of life Paleolithic Age: Stone Age, use of tools Neolithic Age: Age of farming and domestication of

animals Technology: Ways of applying knowledge, tools to meet

a person’s needs Homo Sapiens: Modern Humans Archeologists: Learn about people by excavating and

studying early settlements Artifacts: Remains such as tools, jewelry, and other

human made objects. (Clues to the past) Anthropologists: Study of Culture, or people’s unique

way of life Paleontologists: Study fossils and determine the age of

the fossil rock

Early Footprints Found

1970’s Tanzania (East Africa)

Mary Leaky Finds Foot Prints

Found a Hominid (Early Human) footprints over 3 million years old in East Africa

Dawn of Modern Humans Homo Sapiens Developed between

200,000 and 40,000 years ago

Neanderthals’ Way of Life Remains discovered in Europe and Southeast

Asia Developed Religious Beliefs and Preformed

Rituals Disappeared about 30,000 years ago

HUMANS TRY TO CONTROL NATURE

Chapter 1Section 2

Vocabulary II Nomad: Mobile people without permanent

settlements Hunter-Gatherer: People who constantly hunt

and gather for food/survival Neolithic Revolution (Agricultural Revolution):

The shift from hunting-gathering to FARMING/DOMESTICATION OF ANIMALS

Slash-and-Burn Farming: Cut and burn method of farming. Returns nutrients to the soil.

Domestication: Taming or training of animals for human use.

Before: Humans Tried to Control Nature!

Nomads: Wonder from place to place in search of food and they never make permanent settlements

These people are called Hunter-Gathers

Followed the herds, seasons, etc.

Civilizations did not develop. Why?

Domestication of Animals Define: Domestic

What is a “Domestic Cars vs. Imported Cars”

Humans drove animals into man-made structures (Fences)

Herded animals to serve as food and labor sources!

The Neolithic Revolution Define: Neolithic Revolution

Causes of the Agricultural Revolution As climates warmed, grasses and grains had

longer growing season

Farming provided a steady food supply, allowing people to stay in one area

Slash and Burn farming allowed humans to clear large areas of land for farming

CIVILIZATIONCASE STUDY: UR IN SUMER

Chapter 1 Section 3

Vocabulary III Civilization: Complex culture with 5 characteristics: (1) advanced cities, (2)

specialized workers, (3) complex institutions, (4) record keeping, (5) Advanced tech.

Specialization: Development of “specific skills”

Artisan: Skilled craftsmen

Institutions: An established organization or foundation, especially one dedicated to education, public service or culture (Government, Religion, Economy, Schools)

Scribe: Professional writers

Cuneiform: “Wedge Shaped Writing”

Bronze Age: Time period when Bronze was primarily used for tools

Barter: Trade of goods without money

Ziggurat: Pyramid-shaped religious temple. (Layered)

Villages Grow and Prosper Farming Develops in Many Places!!!

What was needed for farming??

Humans developed agriculture independently in Africa, China, and South America

The discovery of agriculture and the domestication of animals allowed the creation of villages

Birth of Civilizations

The Eve of Civilizations Bronze Age: People used Bronze to make

tools and weapons Villages grow into cities and force changes

in society Economic Changes!!

Surplus of food allows for specialized workers Specialization: Allowed people to make important

advances in technology (Wheel and Sail) Social Changes

People needed to work together Religion becomes more organized

What is Civilization5 Features of Civilization

MUST REMEMBER!

1. Advanced Cities

2. Specialized Workers (artisans)

3. Complex Institutions (Government)

4. Record Keeping (Writing/Language, Scribes)

5. Advanced Technology

5 Characteristics of Civilizations

Specialized Workers

Record Keeping

Advanced Technology

Advanced Cities

Complexed Institutions

The City of Ur Economy

Depended on goods from outlying farmers and merchants for trade

Why do people trade? Used a Barter System

Money is not used to buy goods (Canal Street, NYC)

Religion Center of city life was based around a

Ziggurat, a massive temple

Chapter 1 Section 2-3 Reading Quiz

What is a Hunter-Gather?

Define the Neolithic Revolution

What does it mean to domesticate animals?

What did farming allow humans to do for the first time?

List and/or describe one of the five elements of Civilization.