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The LHCb VELO Upgrade Jianchun Wang Syracuse University For the LHCb VELO Group VERTEX 2009 Workshop,Veluwe, Netherlands, Sept 13-18, 2009

The LHCb VELO Upgrade

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The LHCb VELO Upgrade. Jianchun Wang Syracuse University For the LHCb VELO Group VERTEX 2009 Workshop,Veluwe, Netherlands, Sept 13-18, 2009. The LHCb Environment. b. doesn’t occur. b. b. b. b. b. A dedicated b-physics experiment. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Text of The LHCb VELO Upgrade

  • The LHCb VELO UpgradeJianchun WangSyracuse UniversityFor the LHCb VELO GroupVERTEX 2009 Workshop,Veluwe, Netherlands, Sept 13-18, 2009

    Jianchun Wang, Vertex 2009

  • The LHCb EnvironmentChoose to run at ~21032 cm2s1 (2 fb1/year), ~1012 bb pairs produced per year.Maximize probability of single interaction per crossing.Clean environment (average interactions per crossing ~ 0.5 ), easier to reconstruct.Less radiation damage ( the closest tip ~7 mm away from beam).Designed to maximize B-acceptance within cost and space constraints. Forward spectrometer ( 1.9 < |h| < 4.9 ), where b are maximally boosted, benefits proper time measurement.One arm is OK since bb directions are correlated.Production sbb~500 mb, Min. bias: sinel ~ 80 mb.

    A dedicated b-physics experiment

    Jianchun Wang, Vertex 2009

  • The LHCb DetectorVErtex LOcatorVErtex LOcatorprimary verteximpact parameterdisplaced vertexTracking StationsTrigger Trackers(IP) ~ 14 mm + 35 mm / PtPrimary vertex ~10 mm in X/Y, ~50 mm in Z.B proper time resolution ~ 40 fs.Ready to go !

    Jianchun Wang, Vertex 2009

  • Limitation of Current Trigger SystemTo improve the physics sensitivity LHCb plan to increase the luminosity by a factor of 10. Current trigger system has two stages: L0 hardware trigger, reduce to 1 MHz.HLT software trigger, reduce to 2 kHz.L0 trigger limit is driven by 1 MHz maximum readout rate.

    With increased L, the L0 criteria has to be tighten to stay below 1 MHz. There is not much net gain, especially in hadron channel.Increasing L to 1033 will not introduce too much complexity to event. Most events have 1 or 2 interactions. Increasing to 2x1033 the average number of interactions increases to ~ 4, At L=2x1033, unacceptable increase in CPU time due to large combinatorics.Rate

    Jianchun Wang, Vertex 2009

  • LHCb Upgrade StrategyRun at 2x1033 cm-2s-1 for 5 years (~100 fb-1). This plan is consistent with, but independent of the sLHC upgrade program.LHCb will readout all sub-detectors at 40 MHz replace FE electronics of most detectors. The trigger decision will be performed entirely on CPU farm.Removing L0 trigger, thus no limit on the data rate.Software trigger allows sophisticated triggering scheme with lower Pt cuts and use of IP to maximize the signal yields.Preliminary studies show that at current L the hadronic channel efficiency improves by ~2 (the goal), and the yield increases proportionally to L.Increases in statistics by ~20 for hadronic channels and ~10 for leptonic channels.More complicated events significantly increase trigger processing time, increasing granularity is mandatory.Improve or maintain efficiency and resolution.

    Jianchun Wang, Vertex 2009

  • Current Vertex LocatorSilicon micro-strip, n+ in n-bulk sensors.Detector halves retractable (by 30mm) for injection. 21 tracking stations per side.R- geometry, 40100m pitch, 300mm thickness.Optimized for tracking of particles originating from beam-beam interactions.fast online 2D (R-z) tracking.fast offline 3D tracking in two steps (R-z then f).

    r = 8 mm( ~7 mm)r = 42 mm2048strips

    Jianchun Wang, Vertex 2009

  • Current VELO Detector for Upgrade?At L=2x1033 the occupancy will be high, especially at the inner region (particle/hit occupancy ~2%, strip occupancy ~4%). Higher granularity and lower noise are needed. Pixel architecture meets the need.Analog readout of VELO data at 40MHz is unrealistic. Signals need to be digitized and sparsified at FE.The data rates are enormous. Clustering reduces the data rates out of FE.This triggered a dedicated R&D on radiation hard FPGAs.

    Pixel architecture reduces pattern recognition difficulty.Radius (cm)Particle Hits / Event / cm2Inner RadiusStart upgrade studies from the current VELO

    L(x1032cm-2s-1)251020a0.981.462.464.80b-1.89-1.89-1.89-1.89

    Jianchun Wang, Vertex 2009

  • Pixel Detector

    Two main thrusts of R&D required for the upgrade are: Front-End Electronics Sensor

    We had studied different types of sensors and readout schemes. We decide to focus on an upgrade solution based on pixel architecture.

    Jianchun Wang, Vertex 2009

  • Electronics

    Jianchun Wang, Vertex 2009

  • Front-end ElectronicsMust provide digitized data to trigger processor in real time: digitization, data sparsification, and pushing data to storage buffer.Withstand same radiation environment as sensor TID: ~400 MRad.Modern fabrication technologies may allow larger radiation tolerance 130 nm, 90 nm.Issues to be investigatedAnalog electronics optimization: noise, peaking time, stability of performance with irradiation, leakage current compensationDigitization: speed, effective number of bits.Zero suppression: effective threshold, time walk, discriminator stabilityDigital section: data rate capability, stability of performance with irradiation.

    Jianchun Wang, Vertex 2009

  • Timepix Readout ChipPixel readout chip based on Medipix2256 x 256 pixels 55 mm square, and chip is 3 side buttable. Single Layer Modules Possible!! (X0)By using TSV (through silicon vias) dead side can be reduced to 0.8 mm in Medipix3 (out of 1.5 mm)Analogue power consumption 6 mW per pixel. TOT provides better than 6 bit equivalent ADC resolution Upgrade being considered to 90 nm technology (power consumption, density of logic and radiation hardness benefits)Specifications for Timepix adaptation to VELO upgrade needs are under study.See Richard Placketts presentation for more details

    Jianchun Wang, Vertex 2009

  • Conceptual DesignSilicon (1-3 pieces)55x55 mm pixels+ 800 mm pixels inareas under chip periphery10 Tiimepix chips(periphery indicated in white)Ground plane(aluminised directly onto diamond)Diamond thermal plane withcutouts immediately above TSV regionsPower strips andsignal routing areaCooling channelCross section cutout regionAdvantage: Single layer, less material, very important for IP.Challenges: power tape + TSV, Thinned electronics / sensor.Beam position

    Jianchun Wang, Vertex 2009

  • Timepix In Real BeamA telescope was constructed with 6 double rotated (9o) around both axes. 4 Timepix and 2 Medipix sensors were used.

    The DUT (in this case another Timepix chip) position and angle are controlled by a stepper motor to reduce the number of interventionsTrack reconstructed

    Jianchun Wang, Vertex 2009

  • Quick Look at TimePix Testbeam DataMore to Be StudiedTime walk, which could potentially affect physics.Non-linear gain curve.Investigate methods of moving data off chip at required speeds (started, digital processing within pixel array may be necessary).Testbench features of baseline module.

    Jianchun Wang, Vertex 2009

  • Medipix3 X-ray IrradiationTotal ionizing dose measurement on a single chip up to 400Mrad (X-ray, continuously over 4 days)

    Confirmation of previous single transistor studies on 130nm CMOS

    Chip readout DACs, LVDS etc remained operational for full dose.

    This needs to be followed up by hadron irradiation.

    Jianchun Wang, Vertex 2009

  • Current VELOPixel X/YPixel X/YPixel Y~ 1 m5 stations6 modules per station4 chips per moduleTotal 120 FPIX2 chipsAperture 35 x 35 mm2

    Jianchun Wang, Vertex 2009

  • Electronics DevelopmentFPIX2Features (selected):Derived from BTeVColumnar architecture (50mm x 400 mm)Flash ADC (3-bit)Data driven readout.Sensor and electronics successfully thinned down to 200 mm.Separate X/Y precision measurements. Large digital periphery requires overlap material.Need to Study (selected):Modern fabrication technologyRadiation hardness study.Stability of front end electronicsReadout speed, with designed for 132ns.Cooling.Focus resources on a single chip development (still useful for sensor R&D). TIMEPIXFeatures (selected):Derived from MediPix Square pixel (55mm x 55mm)Time over threshold Single layer module possible, edgeless possibleNeed to Study (selected):Modern technology: 130nm or 90nm.Radiation hardness study.Optimization of analog front endTime walkDigitization precision and readout schemeData flow and data rateTSV technologyDetector and sensor thinningCoolingDevelopment continues.Two main avenues of investigation in LHCb Upgrade

    Jianchun Wang, Vertex 2009

  • Sensors

    Jianchun Wang, Vertex 2009

  • SensorSensor requirementsRadiation hardnessLow leakage current, heat dissipationHigh granularityMinimize material

    Sensors investigated:Sensors of current type: n-type, stripsSensors with small modifications: p-typeSensors with large modifications: pixelsSensors using new technology: 3D Alternative material: diamond

    Jianchun Wang, Vertex 2009

  • Test of Irradiated SensorsN type sensorPreliminaryVELO sensors of n-type and p-type were differentially irradiated.They were tested in the beam at Fermilab using FPIX2 pixel system for tracking (in collaboration with Dave Christian).Irradiation particle flux ~ 0.86x1015 neq/cm2 (~6 years running of current L at inner radius).More results on irradiated sensors are coming soon.N-type~ 25% dropMeasured in 120 GeV proton beam @ -10CPreliminary1 MIP Qmp

    Jianchun Wang, Vertex 2009

  • Double-sided 3D SensorOptimisation for SLHC: Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 592 (2008) 16 Glasgow / CNMTest beam results: Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 607 (2009) 89 novel double sided structure n-bulk and p-bulk detectors produced & testedSEM after polysilicon deposition and etchingPixel on Medipix detector9.4mm

    Jianchun Wang, Vertex 2009

  • Double-sided 3D SensorGlasgow / CNMP+N+Tesbeams at Diamond Light Source (X-rays), CERN (MIPs)3D, 15keVCharge sharingNoiseSignalMeasurements of: Charge loss in holes Charge sharing IrradiationsTwo presentations at IEEE NSS with full results

    Jianchun Wang, Vertex 2009

  • Sensor R&DDiamond sensorUltra radiation hard,Very low leakage current (~nA instead of mA)Needs no guard ring and can be edgeless.CVD diamond can also be used as heat conductive spine.Joined RD42 collaboration for investigate this option.Planning test beam studies of different solutions.P-type silicon sensorBTeV style single chip pixel devices. Fabricated by Micron Semiconductor.Depletion voltage 20-80V before irradition.Started examining performance of irradiated detectors

    Syracuse/RD50Syracuse/RD42

    Jianchun Wang, Vertex 2009

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    -650-7.45E-085.48E-11-1.85E-084.00E-11-1.90E-082.45E-116501.90E-081.85E-087.45E-08

    -660-7.45E-085.10E-11-1.85E-085.10E-11-1.89E-085.48E-116601.89E-081.85E-087.45E-08

    -670-7.46E-082.45E-11-1.85E-086.78E-11-1.89E-083.74E-116701.89E-081.85E-087.46E-08

    -680-7.47E-085.83E-11-1.86E-084.00E-11-1.89E-083.16E-116801.89E-081.86E-087.47E-08

    -690-7.47E-084.00E-11-1.85E-085.10E-11-1.90E-083.74E-116901.90E-081.85E-087.47E-08

    -700-7.49E-083.74E-11-1.85E-085.48E-11-1.89E-083.74E-117001.89E-081.85E-087.49E-08

    -710-7.50E-089.17E-11-1.86E-084.00E-11-1.89E-083.74E-117101.89E-081.86E-087.50E-08

    -720-7.50E-088.00E-11-1.86E-084.90E-11-1.90E-082.45E-117201.90E-081.86E-087.50E-08

    -730-7.52E-083.16E-11-1.86E-083.16E-11-1.90E-084.00E-117301.90E-081.86E-087.52E-08

    -740-7.51E-082.45E-11-1.86E-083.74E-11-1.90E-086.63E-117401.90E-081.86E-087.51E-08

    -750-7.52E-082.00E-11-1.86E-086.78E-11-1.91E-084.00E-117501.91E-081.86E-087.52E-08

    -760-7.53E-084.00E-11-1.87E-087.35E-11-1.90E-082.45E-117601.90E-081.87E-087.53E-08

    -770-7.54E-085.48E-11-1.87E-084.00E-11-1.92E-084.00E-117701.92E-081.87E-087.54E-08

    -780-7.53E-084.47E-11-1.87E-083.74E-11-1.91E-087.35E-117801.91E-081.87E-087.53E-08

    -790-7.54E-084.00E-11-1.88E-082.45E-11-1.91E-084.90E-117901.91E-081.88E-087.54E-08

    -800-7.55E-085.83E-11-1.87E-086.78E-11-1.91E-083.74E-118001.91E-081.87E-087.55E-08

    -810-7.57E-084.90E-11-1.88E-082.00E-11-1.91E-083.74E-118101.91E-081.88E-087.57E-08

    -820-7.58E-084.00E-11-1.87E-085.83E-11-1.92E-084.00E-118201.92E-081.87E-087.58E-08

    -830-7.58E-084.00E-11-1.88E-084.47E-11-1.91E-083.74E-118301.91E-081.88E-087.58E-08

    -840-7.58E-086.78E-11-1.88E-086.78E-11-1.92E-083.74E-118401.92E-081.88E-087.58E-08

    -850-7.59E-084.90E-11-1.89E-086.00E-11-1.91E-086.78E-118501.91E-081.89E-087.59E-08

    -860-7.61E-082.00E-11-1.88E-084.00E-11-1.93E-082.45E-118601.93E-081.88E-087.61E-08

    -870-7.61E-082.45E-11-1.88E-085.48E-11-1.93E-082.00E-118701.93E-081.88E-087.61E-08

    -880-7.61E-085.10E-11-1.89E-084.00E-11-1.92E-088.12E-118801.92E-081.89E-087.61E-08

    -890-7.62E-085.10E-11-1.88E-085.83E-11-1.93E-083.74E-118901.93E-081.88E-087.62E-08

    -900-7.62E-086.63E-11-1.90E-085.83E-11-1.93E-084.47E-119001.93E-081.90E-087.62E-08

    -910-7.63E-083.74E-11-1.90E-084.00E-11-1.93E-085.83E-119101.93E-081.90E-087.63E-08

    -920-7.63E-085.10E-11-1.90E-083.74E-11-1.93E-084.00E-119201.93E-081.90E-087.63E-08

    -930-7.64E-087.07E-11-1.89E-085.10E-11-1.93E-084.90E-119301.93E-081.89E-087.64E-08

    -940-7.65E-082.45E-11-1.90E-084.90E-11-1.94E-083.16E-119401.94E-081.90E-087.65E-08

    -950-7.65E-082.00E-11-1.89E-084.47E-11-1.94E-082.45E-119501.94E-081.89E-087.65E-08

    -960-7.65E-082.45E-11-1.90E-083.74E-11-1.94E-084.00E-119601.94E-081.90E-087.65E-08

    -970-7.68E-087.48E-11-1.91E-086.63E-11-1.94E-083.16E-119701.94E-081.91E-087.68E-08

    -980-7.67E-086.63E-11-1.91E-082.00E-11-1.94E-082.45E-119801.94E-081.91E-087.67E-08

    -990-7.69E-086.78E-11-1.91E-083.74E-11-1.94E-084.90E-119901.94E-081.91E-087.69E-08

    -1000-7.69E-082.00E-11-1.91E-083.16E-11-1.94E-086.78E-1110001.94E-081.91E-087.69E-08

    -1010-7.70E-083.16E-11-1.91E-083.74E-11-1.95E-085.10E-1110101.95E-081.91E-087.70E-08

    -1020-7.71E-087.35E-11-1.91E-084.00E-11-1.95E-085.10E-1110201.95E-081.91E-087.71E-08

    -1030-7.70E-088.72E-11-1.92E-083.74E-11-1.94E-082.45E-1110301.94E-081.92E-087.70E-08

    -1040-7.72E-085.10E-11-1.92E-083.74E-11-1.95E-083.16E-1110401.95E-081.92E-087.72E-08

    -1050-7.73E-088.60E-11-1.92E-084.00E-11-1.95E-084.47E-1110501.95E-081.92E-087.73E-08

    -1060-7.72E-087.35E-11-1.92E-084.00E-11-1.96E-086.63E-1110601.96E-081.92E-087.72E-08

    -1070-7.73E-083.74E-11-1.92E-083.16E-11-1.95E-083.16E-1110701.95E-081.92E-087.73E-08

    -1080-7.75E-085.10E-11-1.92E-085.83E-11-1.95E-086.63E-1110801.95E-081.92E-087.75E-08

    -1090-7.75E-088.72E-11-1.92E-083.74E-11-1.97E-083.74E-1110901.97E-081.92E-087.75E-08

    -1100-7.76E-087.07E-11-1.92E-084.00E-11-1.96E-083.74E-1111001.96E-081.92E-087.76E-08

    All Bulk

    0000.0000000001000

    0000.00000000010.00000000010.00000000010.0000000001

    00000.000000000100

    0000.0000000001000

    0000.00000000010.000000000100

    00000.000000000100

    0000.000000000100.00000000010.0000000001

    00000.000000000100

    0000000

    0000.0000000001000

    00000.000000000100

    0000.000000000100.00000000010.0000000001

    0000.00000000010.00000000010.00000000010.0000000001

    0000.00000000010.000000000100

    0000.00000000010.000000000100

    00000.000000000100

    0000000

    0000000

    000000.00000000010.0000000001

    000000.00000000010.0000000001

    0000.0000000001000

    0000.00000000010.000000000100

    00000.000000000100

    0000000

    0000.0000000001000

    00000.00000000010.00000000010.0000000001

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    0000.0000000001000

    00000.00000000010.00000000010.0000000001

    000000.00000000010.0000000001

    0000.000000000100.00000000010.0000000001

    0000.00000000010.00000000010.00000000010.0000000001

    00000.000000000100

    0000.0000000001000

    00000.000000000100

    000000.00000000010.0000000001

    0000000

    0000.000000000100.00000000010.0000000001

    00000.000000000100

    0000.000000000100.00000000010.0000000001

    00000.000000000100

    0000.0000000001000

    00000.00000000010.00000000010.0000000001

    0000000

    0000.0000000001000

    00000.00000000010.00000000010.0000000001

    000000.00000000010.0000000001

    0000.0000000001000

    00000.000000000100

    0000000

    000000.00000000010.0000000001

    000000.00000000010.0000000001

    0000.0000000001000

    0000.00000000010.00000000010.00000000010.0000000001

    00000.000000000100

    0000.0000000001000

    00000.000000000100

    000000.00000000010.0000000001

    0000000

    0000.0000000001000

    00000.000000000100

    0000.000000000100.00000000010.0000000001

    00000.00000000010.00000000010.0000000001

    0000000

    0000.000000000100.00000000010.0000000001

    0000.00000000010.000000000100

    00000.000000000100

    0000.0000000001000

    0000.00000000010.000000000100

    00000.000000000100

    0000000

    0000000

    000000.00000000010.0000000001

    0000.0000000001000

    0000.00000000010.000000000100

    00000.000000000100

    000000.00000000010.0000000001

    0000000

    0000.0000000001000

    00000.000000000100

    0000.0000000001000

    00000.000000000100

    0000.0000000001000

    0000.00000000010.00000000010.00000000010.0000000001

    00000.000000000100

    0000.0000000001000

    00000.00000000010.00000000010.0000000001

    0000.0000000001000

    0000.00000000010.000000000100

    00000.00000000010.00000000010.0000000001

    0000000

    0000.0000000001000

    00000.000000000100

    0000000

    0000000

    0000.0000000001000

    00000.000000000100

    0000000

    000000.00000000010.0000000001

    000000.00000000010.0000000001

    000000.00000000010.0000000001

    0000000

    0000000

    0000000

    000000.00000000010.0000000001

    0000000

    0000.000000000100.00000000010.0000000001

    00000.000000000100

    0000000

    Ave-Bulk-L

    Ave-Bulk-S2

    Ave-Bulk-S1

    Voltage (V)

    Current (A)

    2551-6FZ 312 microns thickn on pBulk Currents of 3 sensors

    All GR

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    000

    S1

    S2

    L

    Voltage (V)

    Current (A)

    2551-6FZ ; 312 micron thick ; n on pBulk currents for 3 sensors

    2551-6L_1100V_5profiles

    VAve-GR-LError-GR-LAve-GR-S2Error-GR-S2Ave-GR-S1Error-GR-S1

    01.16E-098.03E-102.04E-085.16E-091.29E-094.78E-11

    -101.19E-096.00E-105.45E-092.87E-104.42E-113.82E-10

    -20-1.04E-108.05E-103.18E-092.32E-10-8.80E-123.42E-10

    -30-1.44E-094.33E-102.26E-094.17E-10-5.92E-103.27E-10

    -40-2.72E-094.40E-101.25E-093.98E-10-9.83E-102.72E-10

    -50-3.65E-094.38E-105.08E-103.19E-10-1.34E-092.62E-10

    -60-4.41E-094.36E-103.86E-113.47E-10-1.66E-093.41E-10

    -70-5.44E-093.37E-10-5.68E-103.77E-10-1.79E-092.23E-10

    -80-5.84E-094.01E-10-9.83E-102.96E-10-2.19E-092.30E-10

    -90-6.42E-094.04E-10-1.33E-093.77E-10-2.35E-092.02E-10

    -100-6.86E-092.29E-10-1.58E-092.73E-10-2.47E-092.51E-10

    -110-7.32E-092.91E-10-1.95E-092.56E-10-2.86E-092.81E-10

    -120-7.67E-094.16E-10-2.23E-093.28E-10-3.08E-092.18E-10

    -130-8.30E-093.79E-10-2.43E-093.13E-10-3.23E-091.52E-10

    -140-8.78E-094.86E-10-2.79E-092.34E-10-3.54E-091.93E-10

    -150-9.33E-094.70E-10-2.97E-093.04E-10-3.72E-092.48E-10

    -160-9.65E-094.31E-10-3.16E-092.30E-10-3.72E-093.20E-10

    -170-1.00E-085.34E-10-3.46E-092.04E-10-3.96E-092.59E-10

    -180-1.06E-085.02E-10-3.70E-092.80E-10-4.19E-092.01E-10

    -190-1.08E-084.59E-10-3.85E-092.82E-10-4.37E-092.76E-10

    -200-1.14E-084.64E-10-4.05E-093.61E-10-4.56E-092.66E-10

    -210-1.18E-084.67E-10-4.33E-093.37E-10-4.66E-092.94E-10

    -220-1.21E-084.17E-10-4.64E-093.15E-10-4.88E-093.04E-10

    -230-1.26E-083.62E-10-4.81E-092.38E-10-5.14E-093.23E-10

    -240-1.28E-084.60E-10-5.11E-093.20E-10-5.29E-093.17E-10

    -250-1.33E-084.63E-10-5.24E-093.01E-10-5.41E-092.57E-10

    -260-1.37E-083.71E-10-5.59E-092.08E-10-5.63E-093.32E-10

    -270-1.38E-083.63E-10-5.88E-092.46E-10-5.81E-093.32E-10

    -280-1.43E-084.15E-10-6.04E-092.63E-10-5.98E-093.82E-10

    -290-1.46E-083.48E-10-6.26E-093.43E-10-6.20E-092.45E-10

    -300-1.51E-083.16E-10-6.58E-093.08E-10-6.35E-092.46E-10

    -310-1.55E-083.91E-10-6.81E-093.52E-10-6.64E-093.00E-10

    -320-1.62E-083.64E-10-6.92E-092.56E-10-6.77E-092.29E-10

    -330-1.66E-084.45E-10-7.46E-093.43E-10-7.10E-093.05E-10

    -340-1.69E-083.72E-10-7.61E-093.15E-10-7.20E-093.14E-10

    -350-1.75E-084.42E-10-7.79E-093.28E-10-7.57E-093.17E-10

    -360-1.80E-085.20E-10-8.13E-093.59E-10-7.58E-092.93E-10

    -370-1.86E-081.96E-10-8.51E-093.38E-10-7.83E-093.52E-10

    -380-1.86E-084.17E-10-8.70E-092.84E-10-7.97E-093.21E-10

    -390-1.92E-084.70E-10-9.05E-093.59E-10-8.24E-092.94E-10

    -400-1.96E-084.80E-10-9.49E-093.19E-10-8.53E-093.28E-10

    -410-2.00E-084.21E-10-9.50E-093.18E-10-8.55E-092.77E-10

    -420-2.05E-084.46E-10-9.81E-093.13E-10-8.87E-092.28E-10

    -430-2.10E-084.37E-10-1.03E-083.34E-10-9.14E-091.90E-10

    -440-2.18E-083.08E-10-1.05E-083.58E-10-9.38E-091.93E-10

    -450-2.21E-084.42E-10-1.09E-083.51E-10-9.55E-092.96E-10

    -460-2.26E-085.40E-10-1.13E-083.29E-10-9.74E-092.96E-10

    -470-2.30E-084.40E-10-1.16E-083.22E-10-1.00E-082.10E-10

    -480-2.37E-084.72E-10-1.19E-082.73E-10-1.03E-082.59E-10

    -490-2.43E-084.75E-10-1.22E-083.07E-10-1.06E-082.86E-10

    -500-2.47E-083.75E-10-1.26E-083.78E-10-1.08E-083.27E-10

    -510-2.54E-084.33E-10-1.30E-082.98E-10-1.11E-081.68E-10

    -520-2.59E-085.05E-10-1.34E-083.62E-10-1.16E-083.78E-10

    -530-2.65E-084.40E-10-1.36E-083.92E-10-1.16E-082.28E-10

    -540-2.69E-084.38E-10-1.41E-083.23E-10-1.20E-081.94E-10

    -550-2.74E-083.68E-10-1.45E-083.25E-10-1.22E-082.13E-10

    -560-2.80E-084.71E-10-1.50E-083.66E-10-1.27E-083.07E-10

    -570-2.86E-083.85E-10-1.54E-084.06E-10-1.28E-082.38E-10

    -580-2.91E-084.39E-10-1.59E-083.08E-10-1.29E-081.14E-10

    -590-2.96E-083.94E-10-1.63E-082.97E-10-1.33E-083.00E-10

    -600-3.04E-083.81E-10-1.67E-083.38E-10-1.36E-081.13E-10

    -610-3.09E-084.47E-10-1.70E-083.55E-10-1.39E-081.66E-10

    -620-3.15E-084.98E-10-1.74E-083.72E-10-1.41E-082.03E-10

    -630-3.21E-083.42E-10-1.79E-084.05E-10-1.44E-081.45E-10

    -640-3.27E-084.65E-10-1.84E-083.17E-10-1.49E-089.43E-11

    -650-3.34E-084.28E-10-1.87E-083.71E-10-1.50E-081.66E-10

    -660-3.41E-085.14E-10-1.93E-084.00E-10-1.54E-081.45E-10

    -670-3.48E-083.97E-10-1.98E-083.40E-10-1.57E-082.04E-10

    -680-3.53E-084.42E-10-2.02E-082.76E-10-1.60E-082.07E-10

    -690-3.60E-082.93E-10-2.07E-083.76E-10-1.65E-081.86E-10

    -700-3.67E-084.09E-10-2.13E-084.11E-10-1.69E-082.18E-10

    -710-3.73E-084.86E-10-2.18E-082.99E-10-1.73E-082.03E-10

    -720-3.81E-084.85E-10-2.31E-083.54E-10-1.78E-081.45E-10

    -730-3.87E-083.28E-10-2.36E-084.34E-10-1.84E-082.32E-10

    -740-3.94E-084.40E-10-2.52E-083.65E-10-1.88E-082.38E-10

    -750-4.03E-083.55E-10-2.59E-083.88E-10-1.93E-081.74E-10

    -760-4.11E-084.43E-10-2.70E-084.02E-10-2.02E-081.56E-10

    -770-4.17E-083.59E-10-2.77E-082.48E-10-2.05E-082.43E-10

    -780-4.27E-083.65E-10-2.83E-084.31E-10-2.14E-082.88E-10

    -790-4.35E-084.48E-10-2.92E-082.60E-10-2.17E-082.54E-10

    -800-4.43E-084.47E-10-2.95E-083.35E-10-2.26E-083.76E-10

    -810-4.50E-084.54E-10-2.86E-083.28E-10-2.33E-082.83E-10

    -820-4.60E-083.52E-10-3.14E-084.98E-10-2.35E-082.32E-10

    -830-4.71E-084.26E-10-3.16E-082.74E-10-2.44E-082.85E-10

    -840-4.81E-084.27E-10-3.34E-083.82E-10-2.47E-082.09E-10

    -850-4.91E-084.22E-10-3.46E-084.78E-10-2.56E-084.29E-10

    -860-5.02E-085.07E-10-3.56E-082.58E-10-2.61E-082.78E-10

    -870-5.16E-084.28E-10-3.77E-083.71E-10-2.70E-082.27E-10

    -880-5.30E-084.42E-10-3.91E-084.17E-10-2.77E-082.60E-10

    -890-5.40E-086.32E-10-3.96E-084.48E-10-2.82E-083.96E-10

    -900-5.55E-083.49E-10-4.13E-088.11E-10-2.92E-085.30E-10

    -910-5.63E-083.54E-10-4.24E-083.39E-10-2.96E-081.70E-10

    -920-5.77E-084.27E-10-4.37E-085.66E-10-3.07E-084.04E-10

    -930-5.92E-085.62E-10-4.49E-081.08E-09-3.16E-086.35E-10

    -940-6.10E-082.81E-10-4.68E-084.01E-10-3.27E-084.93E-10

    -950-6.15E-084.13E-10-4.84E-085.57E-10-3.30E-084.99E-10

    -960-6.34E-085.83E-10-4.90E-084.02E-10-3.39E-084.24E-10

    -970-6.45E-086.64E-10-4.84E-088.56E-10-3.50E-086.49E-10

    -980-6.58E-084.30E-10-5.21E-084.42E-10-3.57E-083.92E-10

    -990-6.68E-084.61E-10-5.68E-085.72E-10-3.61E-084.69E-10

    -1000-6.91E-082.38E-10-5.51E-087.50E-10-3.68E-083.93E-10

    -1010-6.99E-083.50E-10-5.76E-088.28E-10-3.77E-084.57E-10

    -1020-7.19E-086.27E-10-5.92E-088.13E-10-3.91E-085.14E-10

    -1030-7.51E-089.57E-10-6.24E-089.43E-10-3.95E-086.47E-10

    -1040-7.58E-086.18E-10-6.38E-081.10E-09-4.07E-084.28E-10

    -1050-7.70E-084.19E-10-6.72E-085.68E-10-4.20E-086.05E-10

    -1060-7.87E-087.73E-10-6.69E-089.08E-10-4.21E-084.53E-10

    -1070-8.26E-085.52E-10-6.76E-081.65E-09-4.34E-086.34E-10

    -1080-8.44E-085.49E-10-7.05E-084.45E-10-4.45E-087.85E-10

    -1090-8.65E-086.23E-10-7.42E-086.63E-10-4.53E-087.24E-10

    -1100-8.79E-086.68E-10-7.22E-081.09E-09-4.71E-085.30E-10

    2551-6L_1100V_5profiles

    000000.00000000520.00000000520.00000000080.0000000008

    0000.00000000040.00000000040.00000000030.00000000030.00000000060.0000000006

    0000.00000000030.00000000030.00000000020.00000000020.00000000080.0000000008

    0000.00000000030.00000000030.00000000040.00000000040.00000000040.0000000004

    0000.00000000030.00000000030.00000000040.00000000040.00000000040.0000000004

    0000.00000000030.00000000030.00000000030.00000000030.00000000040.0000000004

    0000.00000000030.00000000030.00000000030.00000000030.00000000040.0000000004

    0000.00000000020.00000000020.00000000040.00000000040.00000000030.0000000003

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    0000.00000000030.00000000030.00000000030.00000000030.00000000020.0000000002

    0000.00000000030.00000000030.00000000030.00000000030.00000000030.0000000003

    0000.00000000020.00000000020.00000000030.00000000030.00000000040.0000000004

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    0000.00000000020.00000000020.00000000020.00000000020.00000000050.0000000005

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    0000.00000000030.00000000030.00000000030.00000000030.00000000050.0000000005

    0000.00000000020.00000000020.00000000040.00000000040.00000000040.0000000004

    0000.00000000030.00000000030.00000000040.00000000040.00000000040.0000000004

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    0000.00000000040.00000000040.00000000110.00000000110.00000000060.0000000006

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    0000.00000000060.00000000060.00000000170.00000000170.00000000060.0000000006

    0000.00000000080.00000000080.00000000040.00000000040.00000000050.0000000005

    0000.00000000070.00000000070.00000000070.00000000070.00000000060.0000000006

    0000.00000000050.00000000050.00000000110.00000000110.00000000070.0000000007

    Ave-GR-L

    Ave-GR-S2

    Ave-GR-S1

    Voltage (V)

    GR Current (A)

    rd50-2551-6 sensors: GR Current Behaviour

    2551-6S2_1100V_5profiles

    VMin-GRMax_GRAve-GRError_GRMin-BulkMax_BulkAve-BulkError-Bulk

    0-5.72E-103.80E-091.16E-098.03E-10-1.70E-09-1.40E-09-1.58E-095.83E-11

    -101.42E-103.26E-091.19E-096.00E-10-5.08E-08-5.07E-08-5.07E-082.00E-11

    -20-1.86E-092.66E-09-1.04E-108.05E-10-5.88E-08-5.83E-08-5.86E-088.12E-11

    -30-2.31E-09-9.70E-11-1.44E-094.33E-10-6.23E-08-6.20E-08-6.22E-085.10E-11

    -40-3.61E-09-1.24E-09-2.72E-094.40E-10-6.53E-08-6.52E-08-6.52E-082.00E-11

    -50-4.77E-09-2.40E-09-3.65E-094.38E-10-6.70E-08-6.67E-08-6.69E-085.83E-11

    -60-5.24E-09-2.99E-09-4.41E-094.36E-10-6.78E-08-6.76E-08-6.77E-084.00E-11

    -70-6.11E-09-4.51E-09-5.44E-093.37E-10-6.84E-08-6.82E-08-6.83E-084.00E-11

    -80-6.69E-09-4.70E-09-5.84E-094.01E-10-6.89E-08-6.87E-08-6.88E-083.16E-11

    -90-7.35E-09-5.44E-09-6.42E-094.04E-10-6.93E-08-6.90E-08-6.92E-085.83E-11

    -100-7.30E-09-6.40E-09-6.86E-092.29E-10-6.98E-08-6.96E-08-6.96E-084.00E-11

    -110-8.24E-09-6.69E-09-7.32E-092.91E-10-7.01E-08-6.99E-08-7.00E-084.00E-11

    -120-8.70E-09-6.47E-09-7.67E-094.16E-10-7.03E-08-7.00E-08-7.02E-086.00E-11

    -130-9.28E-09-7.20E-09-8.30E-093.79E-10-7.05E-08-7.03E-08-7.04E-083.74E-11

    -140-9.79E-09-7.55E-09-8.78E-094.86E-10-7.07E-08-7.04E-08-7.06E-085.10E-11

    -150-1.04E-08-7.81E-09-9.33E-094.70E-10-7.09E-08-7.06E-08-7.08E-086.32E-11

    -160-1.06E-08-8.63E-09-9.65E-094.31E-10-7.10E-08-7.07E-08-7.09E-086.32E-11

    -170-1.10E-08-8.50E-09-1.00E-085.34E-10-7.13E-08-7.10E-08-7.11E-085.83E-11

    -180-1.16E-08-8.98E-09-1.06E-085.02E-10-7.13E-08-7.11E-08-7.12E-084.47E-11

    -190-1.19E-08-9.58E-09-1.08E-084.59E-10-7.14E-08-7.11E-08-7.13E-086.32E-11

    -200-1.22E-08-9.99E-09-1.14E-084.64E-10-7.15E-08-7.12E-08-7.13E-085.10E-11

    -210-1.31E-08-1.06E-08-1.18E-084.67E-10-7.17E-08-7.12E-08-7.14E-088.12E-11

    -220-1.30E-08-1.07E-08-1.21E-084.17E-10-7.16E-08-7.14E-08-7.16E-084.00E-11

    -230-1.36E-08-1.19E-08-1.26E-083.62E-10-7.18E-08-7.15E-08-7.16E-084.90E-11

    -240-1.38E-08-1.14E-08-1.28E-084.60E-10-7.19E-08-7.15E-08-7.17E-086.63E-11

    -250-1.42E-08-1.21E-08-1.33E-084.63E-10-7.19E-08-7.16E-08-7.18E-085.83E-11

    -260-1.45E-08-1.26E-08-1.37E-083.71E-10-7.20E-08-7.18E-08-7.19E-083.74E-11

    -270-1.51E-08-1.30E-08-1.38E-083.63E-10-7.22E-08-7.19E-08-7.20E-085.10E-11

    -280-1.56E-08-1.32E-08-1.43E-084.15E-10-7.21E-08-7.19E-08-7.20E-084.00E-11

    -290-1.58E-08-1.38E-08-1.46E-083.48E-10-7.23E-08-7.22E-08-7.22E-082.00E-11

    -300-1.61E-08-1.46E-08-1.51E-083.16E-10-7.24E-08-7.22E-08-7.23E-083.16E-11

    -310-1.67E-08-1.45E-08-1.55E-083.91E-10-7.24E-08-7.21E-08-7.23E-084.90E-11

    -320-1.71E-08-1.53E-08-1.62E-083.64E-10-7.26E-08-7.23E-08-7.24E-084.90E-11

    -330-1.76E-08-1.55E-08-1.66E-084.45E-10-7.28E-08-7.23E-08-7.25E-088.60E-11

    -340-1.77E-08-1.58E-08-1.69E-083.72E-10-7.27E-08-7.25E-08-7.26E-083.74E-11

    -350-1.82E-08-1.62E-08-1.75E-084.42E-10-7.28E-08-7.25E-08-7.26E-085.83E-11

    -360-1.92E-08-1.68E-08-1.80E-085.20E-10-7.30E-08-7.24E-08-7.27E-081.07E-10

    -370-1.92E-08-1.82E-08-1.86E-081.96E-10-7.29E-08-7.25E-08-7.28E-086.78E-11

    -380-1.97E-08-1.73E-08-1.86E-084.17E-10-7.30E-08-7.28E-08-7.29E-084.47E-11

    -390-2.02E-08-1.79E-08-1.92E-084.70E-10-7.30E-08-7.26E-08-7.28E-086.63E-11

    -400-2.07E-08-1.84E-08-1.96E-084.80E-10-7.30E-08-7.27E-08-7.29E-085.48E-11

    -410-2.06E-08-1.85E-08-2.00E-084.21E-10-7.31E-08-7.29E-08-7.30E-084.00E-11

    -420-2.15E-08-1.98E-08-2.05E-084.46E-10-7.32E-08-7.29E-08-7.31E-085.48E-11

    -430-2.19E-08-1.94E-08-2.10E-084.37E-10-7.32E-08-7.30E-08-7.31E-083.74E-11

    -440-2.22E-08-2.14E-08-2.18E-083.08E-10-7.33E-08-7.28E-08-7.31E-088.72E-11

    -450-2.30E-08-2.10E-08-2.21E-084.42E-10-7.34E-08-7.32E-08-7.33E-083.74E-11

    -460-2.36E-08-2.08E-08-2.26E-085.40E-10-7.35E-08-7.30E-08-7.33E-088.60E-11

    -470-2.37E-08-2.17E-08-2.30E-084.40E-10-7.35E-08-7.32E-08-7.34E-084.90E-11

    -480-2.47E-08-2.27E-08-2.37E-084.72E-10-7.35E-08-7.33E-08-7.34E-084.47E-11

    -490-2.56E-08-2.31E-08-2.43E-084.75E-10-7.36E-08-7.32E-08-7.35E-087.48E-11

    -500-2.57E-08-2.36E-08-2.47E-083.75E-10-7.37E-08-7.36E-08-7.37E-082.45E-11

    -510-2.62E-08-2.43E-08-2.54E-084.33E-10-7.36E-08-7.34E-08-7.35E-084.00E-11

    -520-2.68E-08-2.42E-08-2.59E-085.05E-10-7.39E-08-7.36E-08-7.37E-085.48E-11

    -530-2.72E-08-2.53E-08-2.65E-084.40E-10-7.40E-08-7.36E-08-7.38E-086.63E-11

    -540-2.78E-08-2.56E-08-2.69E-084.38E-10-7.41E-08-7.37E-08-7.39E-086.78E-11

    -550-2.81E-08-2.64E-08-2.74E-083.68E-10-7.43E-08-7.39E-08-7.40E-087.35E-11

    -560-2.88E-08-2.66E-08-2.80E-084.71E-10-7.42E-08-7.39E-08-7.40E-086.00E-11

    -570-2.91E-08-2.73E-08-2.86E-083.85E-10-7.41E-08-7.40E-08-7.40E-082.45E-11

    -580-3.00E-08-2.78E-08-2.91E-084.39E-10-7.42E-08-7.39E-08-7.41E-085.48E-11

    -590-3.04E-08-2.86E-08-2.96E-083.94E-10-7.44E-08-7.41E-08-7.42E-085.10E-11

    -600-3.11E-08-2.91E-08-3.04E-083.81E-10-7.43E-08-7.41E-08-7.42E-083.74E-11

    -610-3.15E-08-2.94E-08-3.09E-084.47E-10-7.44E-08-7.40E-08-7.42E-086.78E-11

    -620-3.25E-08-2.99E-08-3.15E-084.98E-10-7.45E-08-7.42E-08-7.43E-086.00E-11

    -630-3.25E-08-3.09E-08-3.21E-083.42E-10-7.46E-08-7.44E-08-7.45E-084.00E-11

    -640-3.37E-08-3.15E-08-3.27E-084.65E-10-7.47E-08-7.44E-08-7.45E-086.78E-11

    -650-3.44E-08-3.25E-08-3.34E-084.28E-10-7.46E-08-7.43E-08-7.45E-085.48E-11

    -660-3.56E-08-3.30E-08-3.41E-085.14E-10-7.47E-08-7.44E-08-7.45E-085.10E-11

    -670-3.57E-08-3.39E-08-3.48E-083.97E-10-7.46E-08-7.45E-08-7.46E-082.45E-11

    -680-3.62E-08-3.42E-08-3.53E-084.42E-10-7.48E-08-7.45E-08-7.47E-085.83E-11

    -690-3.69E-08-3.53E-08-3.60E-082.93E-10-7.48E-08-7.46E-08-7.47E-084.00E-11

    -700-3.75E-08-3.53E-08-3.67E-084.09E-10-7.50E-08-7.48E-08-7.49E-083.74E-11

    -710-3.82E-08-3.64E-08-3.73E-084.86E-10-7.53E-08-7.48E-08-7.50E-089.17E-11

    -720-3.90E-08-3.67E-08-3.81E-084.85E-10-7.53E-08-7.49E-08-7.50E-088.00E-11

    -730-3.91E-08-3.76E-08-3.87E-083.28E-10-7.53E-08-7.51E-08-7.52E-083.16E-11

    -740-4.02E-08-3.80E-08-3.94E-084.40E-10-7.52E-08-7.51E-08-7.51E-082.45E-11

    -750-4.08E-08-3.90E-08-4.03E-083.55E-10-7.53E-08-7.52E-08-7.52E-082.00E-11

    -760-4.20E-08-3.98E-08-4.11E-084.43E-10-7.54E-08-7.52E-08-7.53E-084.00E-11

    -770-4.24E-08-4.05E-08-4.17E-083.59E-10-7.56E-08-7.53E-08-7.54E-085.48E-11

    -780-4.33E-08-4.14E-08-4.27E-083.65E-10-7.54E-08-7.52E-08-7.53E-084.47E-11

    -790-4.41E-08-4.19E-08-4.35E-084.48E-10-7.55E-08-7.53E-08-7.54E-084.00E-11

    -800-4.54E-08-4.30E-08-4.43E-084.47E-10-7.56E-08-7.53E-08-7.55E-085.83E-11

    -810-4.61E-08-4.38E-08-4.50E-084.54E-10-7.59E-08-7.56E-08-7.57E-084.90E-11

    -820-4.68E-08-4.49E-08-4.60E-083.52E-10-7.59E-08-7.57E-08-7.58E-084.00E-11

    -830-4.77E-08-4.56E-08-4.71E-084.26E-10-7.58E-08-7.56E-08-7.58E-084.00E-11

    -840-4.90E-08-4.69E-08-4.81E-084.27E-10-7.60E-08-7.56E-08-7.58E-086.78E-11

    -850-4.99E-08-4.80E-08-4.91E-084.22E-10-7.61E-08-7.58E-08-7.59E-084.90E-11

    -860-5.13E-08-4.85E-08-5.02E-085.07E-10-7.61E-08-7.60E-08-7.61E-082.00E-11

    -870-5.28E-08-5.05E-08-5.16E-084.28E-10-7.61E-08-7.60E-08-7.61E-082.45E-11

    -880-5.39E-08-5.19E-08-5.30E-084.42E-10-7.62E-08-7.59E-08-7.61E-085.10E-11

    -890-5.59E-08-5.27E-08-5.40E-086.32E-10-7.63E-08-7.60E-08-7.62E-085.10E-11

    -900-5.64E-08-5.47E-08-5.55E-083.49E-10-7.64E-08-7.60E-08-7.62E-086.63E-11

    -910-5.69E-08-5.52E-08-5.63E-083.54E-10-7.64E-08-7.62E-08-7.63E-083.74E-11

    -920-5.84E-08-5.65E-08-5.77E-084.27E-10-7.65E-08-7.62E-08-7.63E-085.10E-11

    -930-6.09E-08-5.79E-08-5.92E-085.62E-10-7.66E-08-7.62E-08-7.64E-087.07E-11

    -940-6.18E-08-6.04E-08-6.10E-082.81E-10-7.66E-08-7.65E-08-7.65E-082.45E-11

    -950-6.25E-08-6.07E-08-6.15E-084.13E-10-7.66E-08-7.65E-08-7.65E-082.00E-11

    -960-6.49E-08-6.18E-08-6.34E-085.83E-10-7.66E-08-7.65E-08-7.65E-082.45E-11

    -970-6.62E-08-6.28E-08-6.45E-086.64E-10-7.69E-08-7.65E-08-7.68E-087.48E-11

    -980-6.67E-08-6.44E-08-6.58E-084.30E-10-7.69E-08-7.65E-08-7.67E-086.63E-11

    -990-6.76E-08-6.57E-08-6.68E-084.61E-10-7.71E-08-7.67E-08-7.69E-086.78E-11

    -1000-6.97E-08-6.86E-08-6.91E-082.38E-10-7.70E-08-7.69E-08-7.69E-082.00E-11

    -1010-7.11E-08-6.93E-08-6.99E-083.50E-10-7.71E-08-7.69E-08-7.70E-083.16E-11

    -1020-7.32E-08-7.01E-08-7.19E-086.27E-10-7.73E-08-7.69E-08-7.71E-087.35E-11

    -1030-7.75E-08-7.28E-08-7.51E-089.57E-10-7.73E-08-7.68E-08-7.70E-088.72E-11

    -1040-7.77E-08-7.45E-08-7.58E-086.18E-10-7.73E-08-7.70E-08-7.72E-085.10E-11

    -1050-7.82E-08-7.60E-08-7.70E-084.19E-10-7.76E-08-7.71E-08-7.73E-088.60E-11

    -1060-8.10E-08-7.71E-08-7.87E-087.73E-10-7.74E-08-7.70E-08-7.72E-087.35E-11

    -1070-8.36E-08-8.07E-08-8.26E-085.52E-10-7.74E-08-7.72E-08-7.73E-083.74E-11

    -1080-8.63E-08-8.32E-08-8.44E-085.49E-10-7.76E-08-7.73E-08-7.75E-085.10E-11

    -1090-8.77E-08-8.50E-08-8.65E-086.23E-10-7.78E-08-7.73E-08-7.75E-088.72E-11

    -1100-8.93E-08-8.64E-08-8.79E-086.68E-10-7.78E-08-7.74E-08-7.76E-087.07E-11

    9/29/07

    1:43:12 PM

    RH= 27.50

    Temp (C)= 23.10

    2551-6S2_1100V_5profiles

    000.00000000080.00000000080.00000000010.0000000001

    000.00000000060.000000000600

    000.00000000080.00000000080.00000000010.0000000001

    000.00000000040.00000000040.00000000010.0000000001

    000.00000000040.000000000400

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    000.00000000030.000000000300

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    000.00000000060.00000000060.00000000010.0000000001

    000.00000000070.00000000070.00000000010.0000000001

    00

    00

    00

    00

    Ave-GR

    Ave-Bulk

    Volatge (V)

    Current (A)

    2551-6-L: IIV Characteristics

    2551-6S1_1100V_5profiles

    VMin-GRMax-GRAve-GRError-GRMin-BMax-BAve-BulkError-BulkVBulkGuard Ring

    01.02E-083.84E-082.04E-085.16E-09-1.30E-09-6.00E-10-1.08E-091.24E-1001.08E-09-2.04E-08

    -105.00E-096.08E-095.45E-092.87E-10-9.60E-09-9.30E-09-9.44E-096.78E-11109.44E-09-5.45E-09

    -202.69E-093.65E-093.18E-092.32E-10-1.14E-08-1.11E-08-1.12E-084.90E-11201.12E-08-3.18E-09

    -301.47E-093.33E-092.26E-094.17E-10-1.27E-08-1.24E-08-1.25E-086.78E-11301.25E-08-2.26E-09

    -405.67E-102.36E-091.25E-093.98E-10-1.37E-08-1.34E-08-1.35E-085.10E-11401.35E-08-1.25E-09

    -50-9.90E-111.24E-095.08E-103.19E-10-1.42E-08-1.40E-08-1.41E-084.47E-11501.41E-08-5.08E-10

    -60-7.23E-108.58E-103.86E-113.47E-10-1.46E-08-1.43E-08-1.44E-085.83E-11601.44E-08-3.86E-11

    -70-1.35E-093.01E-10-5.68E-103.77E-10-1.47E-08-1.45E-08-1.46E-083.74E-11701.46E-085.68E-10

    -80-1.65E-09-2.77E-10-9.83E-102.96E-10-1.50E-08-1.48E-08-1.49E-083.74E-11801.49E-089.83E-10

    -90-2.15E-09-4.75E-10-1.33E-093.77E-10-1.54E-08-1.51E-08-1.52E-085.83E-11901.52E-081.33E-09

    -100-2.15E-09-9.76E-10-1.58E-092.73E-10-1.56E-08-1.54E-08-1.55E-083.74E-111001.55E-081.58E-09

    -110-2.34E-09-1.52E-09-1.95E-092.56E-10-1.60E-08-1.56E-08-1.58E-086.78E-111101.58E-081.95E-09

    -120-3.00E-09-1.62E-09-2.23E-093.28E-10-1.61E-08-1.58E-08-1.59E-085.10E-111201.59E-082.23E-09

    -130-3.10E-09-1.91E-09-2.43E-093.13E-10-1.63E-08-1.60E-08-1.61E-085.83E-111301.61E-082.43E-09

    -140-3.39E-09-2.34E-09-2.79E-092.34E-10-1.64E-08-1.61E-08-1.63E-085.10E-111401.63E-082.79E-09

    -150-3.62E-09-2.12E-09-2.97E-093.04E-10-1.67E-08-1.64E-08-1.66E-084.90E-111501.66E-082.97E-09

    -160-3.72E-09-2.72E-09-3.16E-092.30E-10-1.67E-08-1.65E-08-1.66E-084.00E-111601.66E-083.16E-09

    -170-3.97E-09-3.03E-09-3.46E-092.04E-10-1.69E-08-1.68E-08-1.69E-082.45E-111701.69E-083.46E-09

    -180-4.60E-09-3.12E-09-3.70E-092.80E-10-1.71E-08-1.69E-08-1.70E-084.00E-111801.70E-083.70E-09

    -190-4.67E-09-3.28E-09-3.85E-092.82E-10-1.72E-08-1.70E-08-1.71E-083.16E-111901.71E-083.85E-09

    -200-4.79E-09-3.25E-09-4.05E-093.61E-10-1.74E-08-1.71E-08-1.72E-085.10E-112001.72E-084.05E-09

    -210-5.20E-09-3.45E-09-4.33E-093.37E-10-1.74E-08-1.71E-08-1.73E-085.48E-112101.73E-084.33E-09

    -220-5.50E-09-4.10E-09-4.64E-093.15E-10-1.75E-08-1.73E-08-1.74E-083.16E-112201.74E-084.64E-09

    -230-5.41E-09-4.33E-09-4.81E-092.38E-10-1.75E-08-1.73E-08-1.74E-084.00E-112301.74E-084.81E-09

    -240-5.80E-09-4.28E-09-5.11E-093.20E-10-1.76E-08-1.73E-08-1.75E-086.00E-112401.75E-085.11E-09

    -250-5.80E-09-4.58E-09-5.24E-093.01E-10-1.77E-08-1.74E-08-1.76E-084.90E-112501.76E-085.24E-09

    -260-6.33E-09-5.14E-09-5.59E-092.08E-10-1.76E-08-1.74E-08-1.76E-084.00E-112601.76E-085.59E-09

    -270-6.48E-09-5.33E-09-5.88E-092.46E-10-1.77E-08-1.75E-08-1.76E-083.16E-112701.76E-085.88E-09

    -280-6.73E-09-5.56E-09-6.04E-092.63E-10-1.78E-08-1.76E-08-1.77E-084.00E-112801.77E-086.04E-09

    -290-6.96E-09-5.55E-09-6.26E-093.43E-10-1.79E-08-1.76E-08-1.78E-085.83E-112901.78E-086.26E-09

    -300-7.24E-09-5.86E-09-6.58E-093.08E-10-1.78E-08-1.76E-08-1.77E-083.74E-113001.77E-086.58E-09

    -310-7.73E-09-6.04E-09-6.81E-093.52E-10-1.79E-08-1.77E-08-1.78E-083.74E-113101.78E-086.81E-09

    -320-7.36E-09-6.42E-09-6.92E-092.56E-10-1.80E-08-1.77E-08-1.78E-085.83E-113201.78E-086.92E-09

    -330-8.39E-09-6.84E-09-7.46E-093.43E-10-1.80E-08-1.76E-08-1.78E-086.78E-113301.78E-087.46E-09

    -340-8.50E-09-6.73E-09-7.61E-093.15E-10-1.79E-08-1.77E-08-1.78E-083.16E-113401.78E-087.61E-09

    -350-8.36E-09-7.02E-09-7.79E-093.28E-10-1.81E-08-1.78E-08-1.80E-085.10E-113501.80E-087.79E-09

    -360-8.93E-09-7.24E-09-8.13E-093.59E-10-1.81E-08-1.79E-08-1.80E-084.00E-113601.80E-088.13E-09

    -370-9.37E-09-7.54E-09-8.51E-093.38E-10-1.80E-08-1.78E-08-1.79E-083.74E-113701.79E-088.51E-09

    -380-9.28E-09-7.90E-09-8.70E-092.84E-10-1.81E-08-1.80E-08-1.81E-082.00E-113801.81E-088.70E-09

    -390-9.81E-09-8.48E-09-9.05E-093.59E-10-1.83E-08-1.79E-08-1.81E-086.78E-113901.81E-089.05E-09

    -400-1.02E-08-8.78E-09-9.49E-093.19E-10-1.81E-08-1.79E-08-1.80E-083.74E-114001.80E-089.49E-09

    -410-1.01E-08-8.53E-09-9.50E-093.18E-10-1.82E-08-1.79E-08-1.81E-085.48E-114101.81E-089.50E-09

    -420-1.05E-08-9.04E-09-9.81E-093.13E-10-1.81E-08-1.79E-08-1.80E-084.00E-114201.80E-089.81E-09

    -430-1.11E-08-9.45E-09-1.03E-083.34E-10-1.82E-08-1.79E-08-1.81E-085.48E-114301.81E-081.03E-08

    -440-1.12E-08-9.75E-09-1.05E-083.58E-10-1.82E-08-1.80E-08-1.81E-084.00E-114401.81E-081.05E-08

    -450-1.17E-08-1.01E-08-1.09E-083.51E-10-1.82E-08-1.80E-08-1.81E-084.90E-114501.81E-081.09E-08

    -460-1.18E-08-1.04E-08-1.13E-083.29E-10-1.83E-08-1.80E-08-1.82E-085.10E-114601.82E-081.13E-08

    -470-1.25E-08-1.08E-08-1.16E-083.22E-10-1.82E-08-1.81E-08-1.81E-082.45E-114701.81E-081.16E-08

    -480-1.24E-08-1.12E-08-1.19E-082.73E-10-1.83E-08-1.81E-08-1.82E-083.74E-114801.82E-081.19E-08

    -490-1.30E-08-1.16E-08-1.22E-083.07E-10-1.84E-08-1.81E-08-1.83E-085.10E-114901.83E-081.22E-08

    -500-1.37E-08-1.18E-08-1.26E-083.78E-10-1.83E-08-1.81E-08-1.82E-083.16E-115001.82E-081.26E-08

    -510-1.34E-08-1.24E-08-1.30E-082.98E-10-1.84E-08-1.82E-08-1.83E-083.74E-115101.83E-081.30E-08

    -520-1.42E-08-1.26E-08-1.34E-083.62E-10-1.83E-08-1.81E-08-1.82E-083.74E-115201.82E-081.34E-08

    -530-1.46E-08-1.25E-08-1.36E-083.92E-10-1.85E-08-1.83E-08-1.84E-084.90E-115301.84E-081.36E-08

    -540-1.48E-08-1.35E-08-1.41E-083.23E-10-1.85E-08-1.82E-08-1.84E-085.10E-115401.84E-081.41E-08

    -550-1.51E-08-1.38E-08-1.45E-083.25E-10-1.85E-08-1.82E-08-1.84E-085.83E-115501.84E-081.45E-08

    -560-1.58E-08-1.40E-08-1.50E-083.66E-10-1.85E-08-1.83E-08-1.84E-083.74E-115601.84E-081.50E-08

    -570-1.63E-08-1.45E-08-1.54E-084.06E-10-1.85E-08-1.82E-08-1.84E-085.10E-115701.84E-081.54E-08

    -580-1.66E-08-1.50E-08-1.59E-083.08E-10-1.84E-08-1.83E-08-1.83E-082.45E-115801.83E-081.59E-08

    -590-1.70E-08-1.56E-08-1.63E-082.97E-10-1.85E-08-1.84E-08-1.84E-082.45E-115901.84E-081.63E-08

    -600-1.74E-08-1.59E-08-1.67E-083.38E-10-1.85E-08-1.83E-08-1.84E-084.00E-116001.84E-081.67E-08

    -610-1.77E-08-1.63E-08-1.70E-083.55E-10-1.86E-08-1.83E-08-1.84E-085.10E-116101.84E-081.70E-08

    -620-1.83E-08-1.65E-08-1.74E-083.72E-10-1.85E-08-1.84E-08-1.85E-082.45E-116201.85E-081.74E-08

    -630-1.91E-08-1.69E-08-1.79E-084.05E-10-1.86E-08-1.83E-08-1.85E-085.10E-116301.85E-081.79E-08

    -640-1.93E-08-1.75E-08-1.84E-083.17E-10-1.86E-08-1.85E-08-1.85E-082.45E-116401.85E-081.84E-08

    -650-1.96E-08-1.78E-08-1.87E-083.71E-10-1.86E-08-1.84E-08-1.85E-084.00E-116501.85E-081.87E-08

    -660-2.01E-08-1.84E-08-1.93E-084.00E-10-1.87E-08-1.84E-08-1.85E-085.10E-116601.85E-081.93E-08

    -670-2.04E-08-1.89E-08-1.98E-083.40E-10-1.87E-08-1.83E-08-1.85E-086.78E-116701.85E-081.98E-08

    -680-2.09E-08-1.94E-08-2.02E-082.76E-10-1.87E-08-1.85E-08-1.86E-084.00E-116801.86E-082.02E-08

    -690-2.13E-08-1.97E-08-2.07E-083.76E-10-1.87E-08-1.84E-08-1.85E-085.10E-116901.85E-082.07E-08

    -700-2.23E-08-2.02E-08-2.13E-084.11E-10-1.86E-08-1.83E-08-1.85E-085.48E-117001.85E-082.13E-08

    -710-2.25E-08-2.13E-08-2.18E-082.99E-10-1.87E-08-1.85E-08-1.86E-084.00E-117101.86E-082.18E-08

    -720-2.38E-08-2.19E-08-2.31E-083.54E-10-1.87E-08-1.85E-08-1.86E-084.90E-117201.86E-082.31E-08

    -730-2.45E-08-2.22E-08-2.36E-084.34E-10-1.87E-08-1.85E-08-1.86E-083.16E-117301.86E-082.36E-08

    -740-2.60E-08-2.44E-08-2.52E-083.65E-10-1.87E-08-1.85E-08-1.86E-083.74E-117401.86E-082.52E-08

    -750-2.69E-08-2.50E-08-2.59E-083.88E-10-1.88E-08-1.84E-08-1.86E-086.78E-117501.86E-082.59E-08

    -760-2.79E-08-2.61E-08-2.70E-084.02E-10-1.89E-08-1.85E-08-1.87E-087.35E-117601.87E-082.70E-08

    -770-2.83E-08-2.70E-08-2.77E-082.48E-10-1.88E-08-1.86E-08-1.87E-084.00E-117701.87E-082.77E-08

    -780-2.93E-08-2.72E-08-2.83E-084.31E-10-1.88E-08-1.86E-08-1.87E-083.74E-117801.87E-082.83E-08

    -790-3.00E-08-2.86E-08-2.92E-082.60E-10-1.88E-08-1.87E-08-1.88E-082.45E-117901.88E-082.92E-08

    -800-3.01E-08-2.88E-08-2.95E-083.35E-10-1.90E-08-1.86E-08-1.87E-086.78E-118001.87E-082.95E-08

    -810-2.94E-08-2.78E-08-2.86E-083.28E-10-1.88E-08-1.87E-08-1.88E-082.00E-118101.88E-082.86E-08

    -820-3.26E-08-3.02E-08-3.14E-084.98E-10-1.89E-08-1.86E-08-1.87E-085.83E-118201.87E-083.14E-08

    -830-3.20E-08-3.09E-08-3.16E-082.74E-10-1.89E-08-1.87E-08-1.88E-084.47E-118301.88E-083.16E-08

    -840-3.41E-08-3.24E-08-3.34E-083.82E-10-1.90E-08-1.86E-08-1.88E-086.78E-118401.88E-083.34E-08

    -850-3.55E-08-3.35E-08-3.46E-084.78E-10-1.90E-08-1.87E-08-1.89E-086.00E-118501.89E-083.46E-08

    -860-3.61E-08-3.50E-08-3.56E-082.58E-10-1.89E-08-1.87E-08-1.88E-084.00E-118601.88E-083.56E-08

    -870-3.86E-08-3.70E-08-3.77E-083.71E-10-1.89E-08-1.86E-08-1.88E-085.48E-118701.88E-083.77E-08

    -880-4.03E-08-3.81E-08-3.91E-084.17E-10-1.90E-08-1.88E-08-1.89E-084.00E-118801.89E-083.91E-08

    -890-4.10E-08-3.89E-08-3.96E-084.48E-10-1.90E-08-1.87E-08-1.88E-085.83E-118901.88E-083.96E-08

    -900-4.34E-08-3.97E-08-4.13E-088.11E-10-1.91E-08-1.88E-08-1.90E-085.83E-119001.90E-084.13E-08

    -910-4.34E-08-4.15E-08-4.24E-083.39E-10-1.91E-08-1.89E-08-1.90E-084.00E-119101.90E-084.24E-08

    -920-4.51E-08-4.25E-08-4.37E-085.66E-10-1.91E-08-1.89E-08-1.90E-083.74E-119201.90E-084.37E-08

    -930-4.74E-08-4.27E-08-4.49E-081.08E-09-1.91E-08-1.88E-08-1.89E-085.10E-119301.89E-084.49E-08

    -940-4.76E-08-4.54E-08-4.68E-084.01E-10-1.91E-08-1.89E-08-1.90E-084.90E-119401.90E-084.68E-08

    -950-5.03E-08-4.75E-08-4.84E-085.57E-10-1.90E-08-1.88E-08-1.89E-084.47E-119501.89E-084.84E-08

    -960-4.98E-08-4.78E-08-4.90E-084.02E-10-1.91E-08-1.89E-08-1.90E-083.74E-119601.90E-084.90E-08

    -970-5.14E-08-4.69E-08-4.84E-088.56E-10-1.93E-08-1.89E-08-1.91E-086.63E-119701.91E-084.84E-08

    -980-5.33E-08-5.08E-08-5.21E-084.42E-10-1.91E-08-1.90E-08-1.91E-082.00E-119801.91E-085.21E-08

    -990-5.86E-08-5.52E-08-5.68E-085.72E-10-1.92E-08-1.90E-08-1.91E-083.74E-119901.91E-085.68E-08

    -1000-5.68E-08-5.33E-08-5.51E-087.50E-10-1.92E-08-1.90E-08-1.91E-083.16E-1110001.91E-085.51E-08

    -1010-6.03E-08-5.60E-08-5.76E-088.28E-10-1.92E-08-1.90E-08-1.91E-083.74E-1110101.91E-085.76E-08

    -1020-6.15E-08-5.71E-08-5.92E-088.13E-10-1.92E-08-1.90E-08-1.91E-084.00E-1110201.91E-085.92E-08

    -1030-6.52E-08-5.96E-08-6.24E-089.43E-10-1.93E-08-1.91E-08-1.92E-083.74E-1110301.92E-086.24E-08

    -1040-6.63E-08-6.06E-08-6.38E-081.10E-09-1.93E-08-1.91E-08-1.92E-083.74E-1110401.92E-086.38E-08

    -1050-6.84E-08-6.54E-08-6.72E-085.68E-10-1.93E-08-1.91E-08-1.92E-084.00E-1110501.92E-086.72E-08

    -1060-6.89E-08-6.41E-08-6.69E-089.08E-10-1.92E-08-1.90E-08-1.92E-084.00E-1110601.92E-086.69E-08

    -1070-7.23E-08-6.42E-08-6.76E-081.65E-09-1.93E-08-1.91E-08-1.92E-083.16E-1110701.92E-086.76E-08

    -1080-7.18E-08-6.92E-08-7.05E-084.45E-10-1.93E-08-1.90E-08-1.92E-085.83E-1110801.92E-087.05E-08

    -1090-7.57E-08-7.26E-08-7.42E-086.63E-10-1.93E-08-1.91E-08-1.92E-083.74E-1110901.92E-087.42E-08

    -1100-7.54E-08-6.97E-08-7.22E-081.09E-09-1.93E-08-1.91E-08-1.92E-084.00E-1111001.92E-087.22E-08

    9/29/07

    1:07:43 PM

    RH= 24.90

    Temp (C)= 23.00

    2551-6S1_1100V_5profiles

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    000.00000000040.00000000040.00000000010.0000000001

    000.00000000070.000000000700

    000.00000000110.000000001100

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    Ave-GR

    Ave-Bulk

    Volatge (V)

    Current (A)

    2551-6S2:IIV Characteristics

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    Bulk

    Guard Ring

    Voltage (V)

    Current (A)

    2551-6 S2FZ 312 microns thickn on p

    VMin_GRMax_GRAve-GRError-GRMin_BMax_BAve-BulkError-Bulk

    01.22E-091.40E-091.29E-094.78E-11-2.10E-09-1.90E-09-1.96E-094.00E-11

    -10-7.04E-101.11E-094.42E-113.82E-10-1.17E-08-1.12E-08-1.15E-088.37E-11

    -20-7.11E-109.98E-10-8.80E-123.42E-10-1.45E-08-1.44E-08-1.44E-082.00E-11

    -30-1.70E-093.50E-11-5.92E-103.27E-10-1.59E-08-1.57E-08-1.58E-083.16E-11

    -40-1.52E-09-2.19E-10-9.83E-102.72E-10-1.67E-08-1.65E-08-1.66E-083.74E-11

    -50-1.98E-09-8.00E-10-1.34E-092.62E-10-1.71E-08-1.69E-08-1.70E-083.16E-11

    -60-2.51E-09-9.68E-10-1.66E-093.41E-10-1.73E-08-1.70E-08-1.72E-085.48E-11

    -70-2.24E-09-1.37E-09-1.79E-092.23E-10-1.75E-08-1.73E-08-1.74E-083.16E-11

    -80-2.69E-09-1.81E-09-2.19E-092.30E-10-1.76E-08-1.74E-08-1.75E-083.16E-11

    -90-3.11E-09-2.05E-09-2.35E-092.02E-10-1.77E-08-1.75E-08-1.76E-084.00E-11

    -100-3.31E-09-2.03E-09-2.47E-092.51E-10-1.79E-08-1.77E-08-1.78E-083.16E-11

    -110-3.47E-09-2.22E-09-2.86E-092.81E-10-1.79E-08-1.76E-08-1.78E-085.83E-11

    -120-3.57E-09-2.61E-09-3.08E-092.18E-10-1.80E-08-1.77E-08-1.78E-085.10E-11

    -130-3.50E-09-2.74E-09-3.23E-091.52E-10-1.80E-08-1.79E-08-1.79E-082.00E-11

    -140-3.95E-09-3.09E-09-3.54E-091.93E-10-1.80E-08-1.79E-08-1.80E-082.45E-11

    -150-4.31E-09-3.20E-09-3.72E-092.48E-10-1.81E-08-1.79E-08-1.80E-084.00E-11

    -160-4.40E-09-3.06E-09-3.72E-093.20E-10-1.82E-08-1.80E-08-1.81E-084.47E-11

    -170-4.63E-09-3.25E-09-3.96E-092.59E-10-1.82E-08-1.80E-08-1.81E-083.74E-11

    -180-4.75E-09-3.78E-09-4.19E-092.01E-10-1.83E-08-1.79E-08-1.81E-088.00E-11

    -190-5.02E-09-3.73E-09-4.37E-092.76E-10-1.82E-08-1.79E-08-1.81E-085.83E-11

    -200-5.02E-09-3.84E-09-4.56E-092.66E-10-1.82E-08-1.80E-08-1.81E-083.16E-11

    -210-5.59E-09-3.84E-09-4.66E-092.94E-10-1.82E-08-1.80E-08-1.82E-084.00E-11

    -220-5.59E-09-4.34E-09-4.88E-093.04E-10-1.83E-08-1.81E-08-1.82E-083.74E-11

    -230-5.89E-09-4.33E-09-5.14E-093.23E-10-1.82E-08-1.81E-08-1.81E-082.00E-11

    -240-5.97E-09-4.37E-09-5.29E-093.17E-10-1.83E-08-1.81E-08-1.82E-083.74E-11

    -250-6.04E-09-4.98E-09-5.41E-092.57E-10-1.84E-08-1.81E-08-1.83E-085.10E-11

    -260-6.58E-09-4.97E-09-5.63E-093.32E-10-1.83E-08-1.81E-08-1.83E-084.00E-11

    -270-6.46E-09-5.10E-09-5.81E-093.32E-10-1.84E-08-1.82E-08-1.83E-084.90E-11

    -280-6.75E-09-5.16E-09-5.98E-093.82E-10-1.84E-08-1.82E-08-1.83E-083.74E-11

    -290-6.79E-09-5.60E-09-6.20E-092.45E-10-1.84E-08-1.82E-08-1.83E-084.00E-11

    -300-6.92E-09-5.95E-09-6.35E-092.46E-10-1.85E-08-1.81E-08-1.83E-086.63E-11

    -310-7.22E-09-5.83E-09-6.64E-093.00E-10-1.84E-08-1.81E-08-1.83E-085.10E-11

    -320-7.32E-09-6.22E-09-6.77E-092.29E-10-1.85E-08-1.82E-08-1.83E-085.10E-11

    -330-7.65E-09-6.64E-09-7.10E-093.05E-10-1.84E-08-1.81E-08-1.83E-086.00E-11

    -340-7.84E-09-6.48E-09-7.20E-093.14E-10-1.85E-08-1.83E-08-1.84E-083.74E-11

    -350-8.19E-09-6.63E-09-7.57E-093.17E-10-1.84E-08-1.82E-08-1.83E-084.90E-11

    -360-8.11E-09-6.92E-09-7.58E-092.93E-10-1.85E-08-1.83E-08-1.84E-084.00E-11

    -370-8.40E-09-7.05E-09-7.83E-093.52E-10-1.86E-08-1.82E-08-1.84E-086.63E-11

    -380-8.49E-09-7.23E-09-7.97E-093.21E-10-1.85E-08-1.84E-08-1.84E-082.45E-11

    -390-8.98E-09-7.82E-09-8.24E-092.94E-10-1.87E-08-1.83E-08-1.85E-086.78E-11

    -400-9.36E-09-7.60E-09-8.53E-093.28E-10-1.86E-08-1.85E-08-1.85E-082.00E-11

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    -1080-4.68E-08-4.33E-08-4.45E-087.85E-10-1.97E-08-1.93E-08-1.95E-086.63E-11

    -1090-4.80E-08-4.40E-08-4.53E-087.24E-10-1.98E-08-1.96E-08-1.97E-083.74E-11

    -1100-4.84E-08-4.57E-08-4.71E-085.30E-10-1.97E-08-1.95E-08-1.96E-083.74E-119/29/07

    12:25:24 PM

    RH= 23.80

    Temp (C)= 23.00

  • Other Issues

    Jianchun Wang, Vertex 2009

  • POSSIBLE NEW RF FOIL for UPGRADEMAIN REQUIREMENTSSeparates accelerator and detector vacua (must be ultra-high vacuum compatible)Should have the smallest radiation length possible, esp. before first measured pointMust shield against RF EMI pick-up effectsMust carry beam image chargeMust allow for sensor geometry and overlapMust withstand high radiation levelsCURRENT DESIGNFoil is 300 um AlMg3, coated with insulator and getterFoil shape set by overlapping sensors, beam clearance and beam effectsWakefield suppressors to adapt beam pipe geometryWas a huge engineering effort (NIKHEF)UPGRADE DESIGNReplace AlMg3 by Carbon Fiber compositeUse large-modulus fibers (stiff, low density)Resin with high rad tolerance, low outgassing (space-qualified), micro-crack resistantProduce foil + box + flange as a single integrated unit Avoids sealing problemsCan reduce mass thickness to ~50% currentSimilar material mechanically stable to above 500 MRad (CERN 98-01)Currently in development with industrial partner CMA (Composite Mirror Applications, Inc.)Prototyping planned to start by End 2009, testing to start in early 2010CURRENTDESIGNFOIL~200 mm x 1 mDominant contribution to the average X0 of particle traversing VELO at 2

  • ConclusionThe LHCb detector is ready to take data. Initial plan is to collect 10 fb-1 in the first 5 years.LHCb upgrade forseen for 2015/16, with luminosity increases to 2x1033 cm-2s-1, expected to collect 100 fb -1 in 5 years.Key aspects of the upgrade are:Readout of the full detector at 40 MHz fully software-based trigger flexibility.Improved granularity in sub-detectors needed to cope with larger occupancies, provide better background suppressing and reduce CPU time/event.Goal is to increase sample sizes by a factor of 10-20 with comparable or better S/B to current detector. Many R&D projects associated with VELO upgrade are in progress: readout electronics, sensor, hybrid, mechanics, cooling cabling etc.The VELO upgrade is feasible.

    Jianchun Wang, Vertex 2009

  • Backup Slides

    Jianchun Wang, Vertex 2009

  • Backup Mini Strip Plan200 mm Diamond heat planerouting out Beetle signals20 Beetle40 chipsInner radius at 7.5mm, 25-30 mm pitch(edgeless sensors would bring 10% improvement)200 mm thin silicon sensorRadiation length 0.6%.Double sided moduleCooling channelp-stop or p-spray. Need to study more on data readout scheme.

    Jianchun Wang, Vertex 2009

  • Trigger Time in HLT Di-hadron L = 2 x 1032 cm-2s-1L = 2 x


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