Lars Eklund, on behalf of the LHCb Collaboration

The LHCb Upgrade

L. Eklund, University of Glasgow 2

Outline

• Introduction to LHCb– Advantages, challenges & limitations– The LHCb trigger

• Introducing the LHCb upgrade– Aims & time scale– The upgraded trigger

• The upgrade LHCb detector– Implications on the sub-systems

• Conclusion

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LHCb – a brief introduction

• Precision Flavour Physics at the LHC– CP violation and rare decays

• Forward spectrometer geometry– Covers 2 % of the solid angle, but 27 % of the bb-pairs

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Vertex Detector

Tracking System

ParticleIdentification

Calorimeters

Muon Spectrometer

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Challenging the Standard Model

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• Looking for deviations– Probe ‘box’ or ‘loop’ processes– Precise SM predictions

• Compare measurements that are (in)sensitive to BSM physics.– CKM angle γ in Bs->Ds K

– CKM angle γ in Bd,s->ππ, KK• Sensitivity to mass scales far

beyond direct searches

• Precision measurement– Statistics!– Systematics!

Experimental Edge and Challenge

• LHCb has access to an unprecedented statistics• Challenging environment: hadron collider

– Trigger & event selection

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L (fb-1) σacc(μb) bb/109

ATLAS/CMS 5.2 75 390

LHCb 1.1 75 82

CDF/D0 9.5 2.8 26

Belle + BaBar

832 + 426 0.0011 1.4

PLB 694 (2010) 209-216

LHCb-CONF-2010-013Charm cross-section @ 7 TeV: σacc = 1.2 mb

Cross sections and 2011 yields in the detector acceptance

1.31012 cc pairs produced in the LHCb acceptance

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Current Operational Conditions

• Currently: L = 4 x 1032 cm-2s-1 @ 50 ns bunch spacing & 8 TeV– Design value: L = 2 x 1032 cm-2s-1 @ 25 ns & 14 TeV

• Interactions per bunch crossing: 1.5-2– Design value: 0.4

• Luminosity Levelling: constant during the fill– LHCb is not limited by LHC

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Goals and Timeline

• Increase the annual signal yield compared to 2011– 10 times for muonic channels– 20 times for hadronic channels

• Operate at instantaneous luminosity exceeding 1033 cm-2s-1 • Collect 50 fb-1 of integrated luminosity

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2010 – 2012collect 2.5 fb-1

@ 7-8 TeV

LS1: splice repairs

2015-2017collect > 5 fb-1

@ 13-14 TeV

LS2: Injector and LHCPhase I GPD upgrades

2019-2022collect > 5 fb-1/year

@ 13-14 TeV

LHCb Upgrade installation

LHCb Upgrade design & construction

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LHCb Trigger Scheme

• L0 H/W trigger– 4 μs latency in FE electronics

• HLT S/W trigger– Implemented in CPU farm

• Luminosity upgrade– Event yields saturate– Need full event information at L0

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4.5 KHz

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Upgraded Trigger Scheme

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20 kHz

HLTTracking and vertexingImpact Parameter cuts

Inclusive/Exclusive selections

Optional Low Level Trigger

throttle1-40 MHz

40 MHz

to tape

Efficiency Farm Size =5 x 2011

Farm Size = 10 x 2011

Bs → ff 29% 50%

B0 → K*mm

75% 85%

Bs → fg 43% 53%

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Challenge: Data Rates

• Full detector read-out @ 40 MHz– Current Vertex Locator: 225 G samples/s (analogue)– Upgraded Vertex Locator: 2-3 Tbit/s (digital)

• On-detector zero-suppression – Replace (almost) all FE electronics

• Massive read-out infrastructure

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TELL1

TELL40

L0 front-end

40 MHz front-end

1 MHz

40 MHz

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Vertex Locator (Velo) Upgrade

• The cooling challenge– Currently TPG subsrate– Diamond substrate?– Micro-channel cooling?

• Complete replacement of modules– Large fraction of the infrastructure remains– E.g. cooling, motion, vacuum, …

• Two options investigated– Strips: R-Φ geometry with reduced pitch– Pixel based on TimePix family of chips

• Radiation Hardness– Up to 3 x 10^15 1MeV neq/cm2

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Tracker Upgrade

• TT tracking station– Currently: Silicon strip– Upgrade Redesigned silicon

strips– Share FE chip with strip Velo

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• Current main tracker– Inner tracker: Silicon strip– Outer tracker: Straw tubes

• Two options investigated– Silicon strip inner tracker +

Straw tube outer tracker– Scintillating fibre central

tracker + Straw tube outer tracker

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RICH Upgrade

• RICH 1 and RICH 2 detectors remain– Remove aerogel radiator due to occupancy– Replace photo detectors with MaPMTs with 40 MHz read

out• Possible addition (non-baseline): TORCH = DIRC + ToF

– Quarts radiator with MCP photon detectors– 40 ps time resolution

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K-π separation vs p performance TORCH: Time Of internally Reflected Cherenkov Light

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Calorimeter & Muon Upgrade

• Already used in L0 trigger• HCAL & ECAL: Keep detector modules and PMTs

– Reduced PMT gain, increased FE amplification– Modified 40 MHz FE electronics

• Muon Spectrometer: Keep chambers & FE electronics– Remove first station (M1)– High occupancy performance and aging under

study

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Calorimeter FE ASIC prototype

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Performance Benchmarks

Precision Measurements: Systematic uncertainties are the aim of the game !

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Summary: The LHCb Upgrade

• LHCb: precision flavour physics at LHC– Two years of successful operation and data analysis– Not limited by the LHC luminosity

• Upgrade will read out the full detector @ 40 MHz– Installation during LHC LS2 (2018)– Data rates & read-out major challenge

• Major impact on most detector systems– Active R&D since several years– EoI, LoI endorsed by LHCC– Framework TDR submitted

• To reach our physics goals:– Large statistics and small systematics

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