Khin MaungSuperintending Engineer and Advisor (Retired)

Public WorksMinistry of Construction

The Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar

Enhancing Connectivity for Promoting India-ASEAN Economic Integration

7-8 August2012 New Delhi , India

National data

Population - 60 millions

Area - 676,578 sq.km

Road Length - 142395 km

No of Registered

Vehicle - 2331663

Neighbouring Countries-China, Laos

Thailand,

Bangladesh,

India

Connectivity

-Dominant - Transport Linkage

- Objective - Movement of People and goods/ tourism and business (trade)

- Mode - (6)Modes• Railway• Road• Water/Marine Transport•Air Transport•Pipe Line (Gas, Crude oil etc;)•Ropeway (not popular)

RailwaysNetwork

ofM.R

Yangon Circular &Yangon Circular &Suburban LineSuburban Line

- near to ports and railways ,easy for Multimodal Transport.

- Yangon ,Mawlamyine and Dawei sea ports near to AH,GMS Highways.

36

(Road Network)

INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES IN MYANMAR1 Myanmar Airways International

2 Thai Airways International3 Silk Air

4 Malaysia Airways

5 Bangkok Airways

6 Thai Air Asia

7 Air Asia Berhad

8 Jet Star Asia

9 Air China

10 China Southern Airlines

11 China Eastern Airlines

12 China Airlines

13 Viet Nam Airlines

14 Indian Airlines

15 Blue Panorama Airlines

Domestic Airlines

Myanmar Airways (9)Nos

Air Bagan (6)Nos

Air Mandalay (3) Nos

Asian wings (2)Nos

Air KanBawZa (3)Nos

Yangon Airways (2)Nos

Flying (26) towns in Domestic Air routes

Domestic Air routes

Airfields in MyanmarCapability Quantity

Boeing 747 – 400 (8) A – 300 –B4 (2) Boeing 737 – 400 (4) Y – 8 (9) F – 28 (7) Other Aircrafts (12) Light Aircrafts (27)

Total (69)

ATR 72-500ATR-42

F-28

Development of Regional Cooperation

No Country can prosper by keeping her doors closed to the outside world. Reduce development gap among the member countries Can Live together in peace and are committed to cooperating with each other for

mutual economic benefit .Cooperation is uniting countries and strengthening their economic linkages while

fostering peace, facilitating sustainable growth and improving living standard.

Sectors in the Regional Cooperation

(9) Key Sectors related to economic development o Transportationo Energyo Telecommunicationso Human resources development o Tourismo Environmento Tradeo Investment ando Agriculture

Regional Cooperation including Myanmar for Road Transport sector

- Road Sector Cooperation is dominant because of Least cost and convenient for short distance, Providing door-to-door services, Important mode in land- locked regions or countries etc;

- Regional cooperation can be bilateral, Trilateral, Multilateral etc; as the following examples: -

• ASIAN Highways Network including (32) member countries• ASEAN Highways Network including (10) member countries• Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Economic Cooperation (6) member countries

(ACMEC + China)• Ganga Mekong Cooperation (GMC) (6)member countries (ACMEC + India)• Ayarwady – Chauphra- Mekong Economic Cooperation (ACMEC) (5) member

countries (CLMTV)• CLMV Cooperation (4) member countries• Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral and Tenchnical Cooperation (BIMSTEC)

(7) member countries•BCIM cooperation (4) member countries• India- Myanmar-Thailand Trilateral Highway

• Myanmar-India Bilateral Kaladan Multimodal Transit Transport ProjectKalay –Kalewa-Tamu road upgrading ProjectTiddim – Rhi- Falam road upgrading Project

• Myanmar –China Bilateral Tengchong – Kanbiketi – Myitkyina Road upgrading Ruili – Kyaukphyu corridor project

• Myanmar- Thailand BilateralMyawady – Thingannyinaung road section upgrading (18)km Thingannyinaung – Kawkareik section new road construction (30)kmMyanmar – Thai Friendship Bridge at Myawady / Maesot border

• Myanmar –Lao PDR BilateralMyanmar – Lao Friendship Bridge across Mekong river at Kyainglap-

Xiengkoke border.

ASEAN COUNTRIES

A complete system of highway network consisting ( 37070)Km of roads to link ASEAN region including (10)Member Countries

ASEAN Highways- There are (7) ASEAN Highways in Myanmar.

AH1,AH2 - ASEAN Highway with one or two digit to AH3 and followed after alphabet AH is the same as AH14 ASIAN Highway in ASEAN region.

AH111 - This is the road link between Loilem onAH2 and Thibaw on AH14 with thelength of about (239)Km.

AH112 - This is the road connection between Thatonon AH1 and Kawthaung via Mawlamyine with the length of about (1145)Km and then extend to join AH2 in Thailand.

AH123 - This is the proposed road linking Daweion AH112 to AH2 in Thailand with the length of about (140)Km. This road will be the important route if it would havebeen deep Sea port at Dawei.

Thailand

Land area: 513 thou sq km

Population: 66.5 M

GDP per capita: US$4,124

Cambodia

Land area: 181 thou sq km

Population: 14.7 M

GDP per capita: US$576

Myanmar

Land area: 677 thou sq km

Population: 60 M

GDP per capita: US$340 (2007)

People’s Republic of China

Land area: 631 thou sq km

Population: 93.6 M

GDP per capita: US$1,988(figures for Yunnan and Guangxi only)

Viet Nam

Land area: 331 thou sq km

Population: 86.3 M

GDP per capita: US$1,051

Lao PDR

Land area: 237 thou sq km

Population: 5.9 M

GDP per capita: US$832

The Greater Mekong The Greater Mekong SubregionSubregion (GMS)(GMS)

R3 Tachileik-Kyaington-Mongla Road (256 Km)

It is a part of GMS North-South Economic corridor as well as a part of ASIAN and ASEAN Highways in Myanmar, linking with China (Jinhong-Kunming) to the north and Thailand (Chiang Rai) to the south. Upgrading of Mongla-Kyaingtonsection (93 Km) was already completed to two lane bituminous road, but curvatures and gradients are still under standard in some mountainous terrain.

R4 Lashio-Muse Road (176 Km)

GMS route R4 Lashio-Muse seetion in Myanmar is linking with China and is also a part of ASIAN and ASEAN Highway route No 14. It is two lane bituminous paved road with the ASEAN highway design standard of class III.

R7 Lashio-Thibaw-Loilem-Kyaington Road (666 Km)

GMS route R7 Lashio-Kyaington section is linking R4 in Northern Shan State and R3 in Southern Shan State.The road section between Lashio and Thibaw on AH14 .

GMS Road Links- There are (3)GMS Road Links in Myanmar.

Kolkata 539 Km

SittwayG

Setpyitpyin

paletwa

Kaletwa

Kyauktaw

118 Km

62 Km

68 Km

63 Km

94Km

tdEd´,

Kaladan Multimodal Transit Transport Project.

Route

Road Way(248 km)

Water Way(157 km)

Total 405 Km

Kaladan Multimodal Transit Transport Project.

Distance Comparison

Kolkata West Bengal MIZORAM(AIZAWL)

(1967)Km

Kolkata Sittway MIZORAM (AIZAWL)(1294)Km

LESS (673)Km

Tiddim - Rhi – Falam Road upgrading

Detailed Project Report (DPR) for upgrading of Tiddim-Rhi-FalamRoads had been carried out by the engineers and surveyors from Border Road Organization of India and from Public Works of Myanmar, between (20.1.2006) and (22.5.2006) and received it on (24.12.2006)

Myanmar side had received the draft MoU for the upgrading of Tiddim-Rhi Road on (13.6.2011) from India side. The draft MoU is still needed to be finalized for signing.

Facts Finding for enhancing Transport connectivity between India and ASEAN

-Enhancing includes implementation of new project and upgrading of existing facilities- Important role of Myanmar - Land locked states in North-Eastern part of India.- Market research for selection of Nodal point ; Kalay, Monywa, Mandalay etc;- Existing connectivity and facilities for strengthening trade

- Trade -Normal - Border Interstate trade transport - Re -export Transit trade transport

-Normal direct transport sea link

- Border Trade Post

- Software, ie; Cross Border Transport Agreement (CBTA)- Corridor approach- Future development

( Land route)

3. TRN . 038 Dawei Deep Sea Port and Road Link to Thailand.

KAWTHOUNG

DAWEI

MYEIK

MAWLAMYINE

YANGONYANGONPATHEIN

THANDWE

KYAUKPYU

SITTWE

KAWTHOUNG

DAWEI

MYEIK

MAWLAMYINE

YANGONYANGONPATHEIN

THANDWE

KYAUKPYU

SITTWE

Just after signing of MOU, between Italian–Thai Development Public Co., Ltd (ITD)and Myanmar Port Authority (MPA),ITD dispatched a survey team to conductsoil exploration and survey works at the project site in Dawei area.

Survey works along the road link betweenDawei and Thailand are yet to be conductedwithin this year.

ITD carried out the following program fordevelopment of the project after full completionof pre-engineering works: -(a) A preliminary engineering design and a

feasibility study(b) An environment impact assessment(c) To submit project proposal to the

Government of the Union of Myanmarfor receiving of permission.

The framework agreement for Dawei DeepSeaport, Industrial Estate, Road and Rail Link toThailand project was signed by ITD & MPA on2nd November, 2010.

Enhancing Connectivity for Promoting India – ASEAN Economic Integration.

Combining the previous slides together, we can conceive that the enhancing connectivity for

promoting India –ASEAN Economic Integration should step first on the gate of ASEAN

region ie Myanmar through the existing transport connectivity and available facilities and then

link to the corridors formulated by the subregion or region for the multilateral or global

economic integration.

Formulation of an economic corridor along the existing road linking the landlocked states of

India parallel to the Myanmar border as a backbone corridor of India can be more beneficial

for promoting India –ASEAN economic integration .

Reviewing Myanmar -India bilateral transport projects of Kaladan Multimodal Transit

Transport Project, India – Myanmar – Thailand Trilateral Highway Project and Tiddim – Rhi

Road construction Project, all of these projects will be beneficial for promoting India –ASEAN

Economic Integration through Myanmar .

Enhancing Connectivity for Promoting India – ASEAN Economic Integration.(contd)

India - Myanmar – Thai Trilateral Highway project is indicated as Western Corridor of GMS

economic cooperation program and also the road section between Monywa to Kalewa/Kalay

on that road is given priority investment needs for the development of ASIAN Highway

Network by the UNESCAP study. The abstracts of the study report done in December 2006

was attached in the next pages.

The India products transported from main land to the land locked states closed to the

Myanmar border can be exported as border trade to Myanmar and then can be reexported to

the other neighboring countries by the domestic traders, thus promoting economic integration

of local people living in the land locked states.

Enhancing Connectivity for Promoting India – ASEAN Economic Integration(cont’d)

During the visit of the prime Minister of India , Excellency announced that India would

undertake the task of repair/upgradation of 71 bridges on the Tamu-Kalewa Friendship Road .

The two leaders decided that India would undertake the upgradation of the Kalewa-Yargyi

road segment to highway standard while Myanmar would undertake that of upgradation of the

Yargyi- Monywa stretch to highway standard by 2015. This project would help in establishin g

trilateral connectivity from Moreh in India to Maesot in Thailand via Myanmar. The two

leaders welcomed the revival of the Joint Task force on the Trilateral Highway between India-

Myanmar – Thailand. It was agreed that efforts would be made to establish seamless trilateral

connectivity by 2016.

Another agreement was that the bus will be plying between Imphal of India and Mandalay of

Myanmar via Moreh/Tamu at the border. The good road is essential to fulfill the committed

agreement before plying the bus schedule .

Projects for enhancing connectivity should be prioritized especially on the bottle necked

section in the corridor because investment in the infrastructures needs huge amount of budget

and it is not so easy to implement simultaneously for all project s. The decided project should

start as earliest as possible otherwise the project cost will become higher and higher due to

yearly price escalation and unforeseen commodities inflation.

Conclusion

A major structural impediment is the absence of an integrated network of landtransport links among the countries which makes the intra-regional movement of goods andpeople costly. Improved transport linkages support the many different objectives of regionalcooperation; increase in trade and investment due to larger markets, improved access for landlocked partners, border development, and establishment of land bridges with other regions.

The enhancing of connectivity can enable local communities and remote village tomaximize the impact of development efforts and economic benefits from transport corridors.

The improved roads will promote closer economic linkages among the countries,particularly in agriculture and agro-industry . The additional traffic generated will promotegrowth in the service industry, in turn generating employment. Increased traffic will be alsobenefiting small business in the countries, with transport cost savings being passed on .

Enhancing connectivity in corridor approach together with software issues will bemore beneficial for promoting economic integration allowing for a smooth flow of trade andservices, reducing travel time and transport cost along the corridor and also easier access tothe markets.

-2-

Enhancing Connectivity can also support proper community -based tourism projects

in rural areas, facilitate private sector participation, and establish mechanisms for increased

regional cooperation. Tourism can make substantial and sustainable contribution to economic

growth , foreign exchange earnings , investment, job creation, social welfare, external debt

reduction, and economic diversification - all of which will help reduce poverty.

In conclusion , the repercussion indicating their better economy of local people living

along the enhanced connectivity of GMS corridors had been attached in the following

photographs.

Thank you for Kind Attention