THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE 6 KINGDOMS OF LIFE

Alive?• To be considered living, an organism must…

– Contain all 7 characteristics of life• DNA• Reproduce• Use energy• Adapt• Respond to Stimuli• Made of cells• Grow and Develop

Leopard Gecko Leaf Tailed Gecko

Anamalia Anamalia

Chordata Chordata

Reptilia Reptilia

Squamata Squamata

Gekkonidae Gekkonidae

Eublepharis Uroplatus

Macularius Phantaticus

KingdomPhylum

ClassOrder

FamilyGenus

Species

WHY CLASSIFY?To know how many known species there are in the world

To know the characteristics of each species

To know the relationships between species

Kingdom = Largest GroupPhylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

76

5

4

3

2

1

Animal Kingdom

* Food – Cannot make their own food.

* Multi-cellular organisms

* They have a nucleus (eukaryotic)

* Can move on their own.Reproduction – Asexual and sexual

Examples – Humans, crustaceans, spiders, insects, fish, birds, mammals, sponges, hydras, coral, worms, etc.

Examples of Animals

Sea anemone

hydra

Sea horse

Poison Dart frog

GreatWhiteShark

butterfly

human

Plant Kingdom* Food – make their own food by photosynthesis.*Multi-cellular

* They have a nucleus (eukaryotic)

* Cannot move on their own.

Reproduction – Sexually and asexually

Examples – rose, cactus, grass, daisy, ferns, trees

Examples of Plant Kingdom

Kingdom Fungi

* Food – do not make their own food. Decomposers

* Unicellular and multicellular.

* Have a nucleus (eukaryotic)

* Cannot move

Reproduction – Sexual and Asexual

Examples – yeast, mushrooms, mold, mildew, athletes foot, ringworm

Examples of Fungi

Athletes Foot

Foot Fungus

mushroom

Bread mold

ringworm

yeast Bread mold magnified

Kingdom Protists* Food – Some make their own food (plantlike); others cannot (animal-like).

* Unicellular and Multi-cellular* They have a nucleus (eukaryotic)

* Some can move on their own.

Reproduction – Asexual & Sexual

Examples – Euglena, paramecium, amoeba, slime mold, volvox, algae,diatoms, giant kelp

Examples of Protists

Algae AmoebaParamecium

Volvox

Euglena FissionRed algae

Stentor

KINGDOM EUBACTERIA*Food – Some can make their own food: other cannot.

* Unicellular organisms.

* No Nucleus (prokaryotic)

* Some move and other do not. Reproduction – asexualRoles: decomposers, food makers, help digest food, clean oil spills, makes nitrogen rich soil(helps plants grow), etc.

Examples of Eubacteria

E. Coli

Strep

Binary Fission

Bacteria help digest food

Anthrax

Blue green algae

Kingdom Archaebacteria

This hot, sulfur-rich, acidic pool in Yellowstone National Park is home to species of Archea, 

including Sulfolobus.

Some archaens live 1000’s of miles deep in the ocean near superheated volcanic vents.

KINGDOM ARCHAEBACTERIA

* Food- Some cannot make their own food; others do.

* No Nucleus (prokaryotic)* Some can move and other cannot

Three main types – salt loving, heat loving, and methane makers, harsh environments

Reproduction – asexual

* Unicellular organisms

Let’s PracticeWhich kingdom does each

organism belong?Eubacteria

Protistsprotists

AnimalFungus

Fungusplant

Animal

Eubacteria

Archaebacteriaanimal

BELLRINGERS1. Define: living, dead, nonliving.

2. Give examples of living, nonliving and dead objects.

3. Describe how you would know if an object is living or nonliving?

4. Define: multicellular, unicellular, autotroph, heterotroph

5. Define: prokaryotic cell, eukaryotic cell6. Define: taxonomy, classification, kingdom, organism

Bellringer: Define: classification, taxonomyList 3 ways humans use classification every day.

Classification of living things

THE SCIENCE OF CLASSIFICATION

Classification -

Taxonomy -

Grouping objects according to their similar characteristics.

The science of classifying living things.

Humans naturally like to put objects into groups in order to make sense out of the world around us.

For example, at home you organize your socks from your pants, your forks from your cups.

WHY CLASSIFY?To know how many known species there are in the world

To know the characteristics of each species

To know the relationships between species

SCIENTISTS BEHIND TAXONOMY

Aristotle was the first person to come up with a classification system for living things. He divided animals into three groups: those that walked, those that swam and those that flew. Why was this not the best classification system for animals?

NOT SO FAST ARISTOTLE!!!

In the 1700’s, Carolus Linnaeus disagreed with Aristotle’s classification system. He invented the modern classification system we use today. It is called BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE.Today, scientists group organisms not only by their physical characteristics BUT by their evolutionary relationships (ancient ancestors).

LINNAEUS’ SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION

Binomial Nomenclature – A naming system that gives every living thing a TWO word name. This unique two word name is called the SCIENTIFIC NAME.

Uses LATIN the language of scientists.

The first word is the GENUS and is always CAPITALIZED.The second word is the SPECIES and is always LOWER CASE.

Scientific names are always written in italics if typed or underlined if handwritten

7 LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

**A scientific name isthe genus and species.

KatiePutCreamOnFreshGreenStrawberries

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

WHY TWO NAMES FOR EVERYTHING? Because people speak in more

than one languageBecause people give objects more than one name.

for example:What is the name of this cat?Mountain lion

cougarpuma

AmericanLion

All are correct but its ONE scientific name is Felis concolor

LET’S PRACTICEWhich scientific names are written correctly?

HOMO SAPIENFelis domesticus

Tyrannosaurus rex

panthera leo elephas MaximusCanis Lupus

LOOKING FOR RELATIONSHIPSRemember that one of the goals of

classification is to find out how certain living things may be related to one another.What makes a living thing part of the

Animal Kingdom?Eukaryotic MulticellularLocomotio

n

Cannot make its own foodARE ALL OF THESE ANIMALS?

7 LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

**A scientific name isthe genus and species.

KatiePutCreamOnFreshGreenStrawberries

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

KINDOMANIMALPHYLUMCHORDATACLASSMAMMALIAORDERCARNIVORAFAMILYFELIDAEGENUSPantheraSPECIESleo

Phylogeny – the evolutionary history of an organism PHYLOGENY OF MAN

Kingdom - Animalia

Phylum - Chordata (having a spinal cord)

Class - Mammalia (have hair, give milk)

Order - Primates (walk mostly on 2 legs)

Family - Homindae (advanced brain that can think and reason)

Genus - Homo

Species - sapien

PHYLOGENY OF THE WOLF

Kingdom - Animalia

Phylum - Chordata

Class - Mammalia

Order - Carnivora

Family - Canidae

Genus - Canis

Species - lupus