THE ANALYSIS OF POST-FEMINISM THEORY APPLIED IN … · MARGARET THATCHER IN THE IRON LADY ... kebijakan politik dari Margaret. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dan analisis

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THE ANALYSIS OF POST-FEMINISM THEORY

APPLIED IN THE LANGUAGE USED BY

MARGARET THATCHER IN THE IRON LADY

MOVIE

A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

to Obtain Sarjana Pendidikan Degree

in English Language Education

By

Agustina Rante Allo

Student Number: 111214148

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY

YOGYAKARTA

2016

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI



iv

Not all of us can do great things. But we can do

small things with great love.

(Mother Teresa)

So do not fear, for I am with you; do not

be dismayed, for I am your God. I will

strengthen you and help you; I will

uphold you with my righteous right

hand. (Isaiah 41:10)

With the Lord of the World for the World of the

Lord. (Constitution of the Congregation of JMJ)

Ad Maiorem Dei Gloriam

(St. Ignatius OF Loyola)


v

STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY

I honestly declare that this thesis, which I have written, does not contain

the work or parts of other people’s work, except those cited in the quotations and

the references, as scientific paper should.

Yogyakarta, March 10th, 2016

The Writer

Agustina Rante Allo

111214148


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LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA

ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS

Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma:

Nama : Agustina Rante Allo

NIM : 111214148

Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada perpustakaan

Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul:

THE ANALYSIS OF POST-FEMINISM THEORY APPLIED IN THE

LANGUAGE USED BY MARGARET THATCHER IN THE IRON LADY

MOVIE

Beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian, saya

memberikan kepada perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk

menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk

pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di

internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin

dari saya maupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan

nama saya sebagai penulis.

Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat sebenarnya

Dibuat di Yogyakarta

Pada tanggal: 10 Maret 2016

Yang menyatakan:

Agustina Rante Allo


vii

ABSTRACT

Rante Allo, Agustina. (2016). The Analysis of Post-Feminism Theory Applies in

the Language Used by Margaret Thatcher in The Iron Lady Movie.

Yogyakarta: English Language Education Study Programe, Sanata Dharma

University.

This undergraduate research analyses the post-feminism theory applies in the

language used by Margaret Thatcher in The Iron Lady movie. Therefore, there are

two problems discussed in this research. The first one is how Margaret Thatcher in

The Iron Lady movie applies post-feminism theory through the way she interacts with

other gender. The second one is about the reactions of people around to her political

decisions.

This research is a qualitative and document analysis research. The data source

of which was the language used by Margaret Thatcher in The Iron Lady movie’s

transcript. The researcher used check-list as the instrument of the data gathering

technique to analyse and categorize the language used by Margaret Thatcher to

answer the problems formulation. Based on the analysis, there are two findings that

can be used to answer the problems formulation.

The first finding describes the four Post-feminist Characteristics found in

Margaret’s languages used in The Iron Lady movie. Those characteristics are;

General Rejection of Second Wave Feminism, Female Identity Crisis, Focus on the

Individual, and Revival of Traditional Femininities. The second finding reveals the

people reactions on Margaret’s political decisions. There were two types of people

reactions founded. The first reaction is internal reactions that emerged from the

closest people around her; her family and the members of her party. The second

reaction is external reactions that emerged from her oppositional party and wide

public rebellion. Both of the reactions; internal and external appears in words and

actions of the people, which are publish through mass media; newspaper, TV, radio.

The researcher also provides some suggestions for English lecturers and

future researchers. The lecturers in English Language Education Study Program

(ELESP) can use this movie to teach in Movie Interpretation class. While for the

future researchers, they can analyse some other aspects of this movie which have

never been discussed.

Keywords: The Iron Lady Movie, Margaret Thatcher, Post-feminism, People

Reaction.


viii

ABSTRAK

Rante Allo, Agustina. (2016). The Analysis of Post-Feminism Theory Applies in

the Language Used by Margaret Thatcher in The Iron Lady Movie.

Yogyakarta: English Language Education Study Programe, Sanata Dharma

University.

Skripsi ini menganalisa penerapan teori postfeminis dalam bahasa yang

digunakan Margaret Thatcher dalam film The Iron Lady. Oleh karena itu, ada dua

umusan permasalahan pokok yang akan dibahas dalam penelitian ini. Permasalahan

pokok yang pertama tentang bagaimana Margaret dalam film The Iron Lady

menerapkan teori posfeminis melalui caranya berinteraksi dengan kaum pria.

Permasalahan pokok yang kedua tentang reaksi dari orang-orang terhadap

kebijakan politik dari Margaret.

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dan analisis dokumen. Sumber

utama penelitian ini adalah bahasa yang digunakan oleh Margaret Thatcher dalam

film The Iron Lady. Peneliti menggunakan check-list sebagai instrumen penelitian

dan mengkategorikan bahasa yang digunakan Margaret untuk menjawab rumusan

permasalahan. Berdasarkan analisa tersebut, ada dua temuan yang dapat digunakan

untuk menjawab rumusan permasalahan.

Penemuan pertama menjelaskan keempat karakter posfeminis yang

diterapkan dalam bahasa yang digunakan Margaret dalam film The Iron Lady.

Keempat karakterikstik itu adalah; penolakan umum terhadap feminisme gelombang

kedua, krisis identitas ke-wanitaan, fokus pada kesenangan pribadi, dan

membangkitkan kembali tradisi kewanitaan awal. Penemuan kedua mengungkapkan

tentang reaksi orang-orang terhadap kebijakan politik Margaret. penulis menemukan

ada dua jenis reaksi yang muncul terhadap kebijakan politik Margaret. Reaksi

pertama adalah reaksi intern yang muncul dari orang terdekat Margaret sendiri;

keluarga dan partainya. Reaksi kedua adalah reaksi ekstern yang muncul dari partai

oposisi dan dari masyarakat pemberontak. Kedua jenis reaksi tersebut; baik intern

maupun yang ekstern, muncul dalam bentuk kata-kata dan aksi, baik yang positif

maupun negatif dan di publikasikan lewat media massa; Koran, Televisi, dan Radio.

Penulis juga mempersiapkan beberapa saran untuk para dosen dan para

peneliti selanjutnya. Untuk para dosen yang mengajar di Pendidkian Bahasa Inggris

dapat menggunakan film ini dalam mengajar kelas Movie Interpretation. Sedangkan

bagi peneliti selanjutnya, dapat menggunakan film ini untuk membahas topic-topik

lain yang kiranya belum pernah didiskusikan sebelumnya

Kata Kunci: The Iron Lady Movie, Margaret Thatcher, Post-feminism, People

Reaction.


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to deliver my greatest gratitude to the Almighty God and

Lord Jesus Christ. I thank Him for being with me in all my ways of life. I

present this thesis to my beloved Congregation of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph. To

all my fellow nuns of Jakarta Province, to my fellow nuns of Trimargo Convent,

and especially to my provincial Sr. Vinsensia Siunta, JMJ and provincial

councils, Sr. Francinetty Manua, JMJ and Sr. Yulita Dammen, JMJ. I present

this thesis also to the Rev. Mathias Wolff, SJ, the founder of my congregation,

for only by his continuously prayer in the presence of God that I can finish this

thesis well.

Foremost, I would like to express my special gratitude to my thesis

advisor, Christina Kristiyani, S.Pd., M.Pd., who has become a great supporter

as I struggle to finish this thesis. I am very blessed for her encouragement,

support, guidance, ideas, suggestions, her times, and patience that becomes great

helps in completing this thesis. I also express my most gratitude to all my

lecturers in PBI who guide and help me during my study, especially to my

academic advisor, Yuseva Ariyani Iswandari, S.Pd., M.Ed.

My gratitude is also for my mother and my loving departed father, my

brother, my younger brother, and both of their family, because of their prayer

and support I can finish this thesis well. My most special thanks also goes for my

entire classmates, class C 2011; especially for Cici, Helmy, Ria, Desca, Sr.

Mikaela, KYM, and all of those who I cannot mention their name one by one. I

am so blessed to be in this class with all of you. I stay young and strong because

of you all.

Agustina Rante Allo


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................ i

APPROVAL PAGES .................................................................................... ii

DEDICATION PAGE ................................................................................... iv

STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY ............................................. v

PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI .............................................. vi

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................. vii

ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... viii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................ ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................. x

LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................ xiii

LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................... xiv

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION

A. Research Background........................................................................ 1

B. Research Questions ........................................................................... 5

C. Research Objectives .......................................................................... 5

D. Research Benefits .............................................................................. 6


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E. Definition of Terms ........................................................................... 7

CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A. Theoretical Description ............................................................... 10

1. Post-feminism Theory ........................................................... 10

2. Post-feminist Characteristics ................................................. 14

a. General Rejection on Second Wave Feminism ............... 14

b. Female Identity Crisis ..................................................... 15

c. Focus on the Individual ................................................... 15

d. Revival of Traditional Femininity ................................... 16

3. Social Reactions Theory ....................................................... 16

4. Language and Gender Theory ............................................... 18

5. The Explanation of the Subject ............................................. 20

B. Theoretical Framework ............................................................... 21

CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. Research Method ............................................................................... 22

B. Research Setting ................................................................................ 23

C. Data Source ....................................................................................... 23

D. Research Instruments and Data Gathering Technique ...................... 24

E. Data Analysis Technique .................................................................. 25

F. Research Procedures ......................................................................... 27

CHAPTER IV. RESEARCH RESULT AND DISCUSSION

A. Postfeminist Characteristics in Margaret Thatcher’s Language ....... 30


xii

1. Focus on the Individual ......................................................... 31

2. Revival of Traditional Femininities....................................... 34

3. General Rejection on Second Wave Feminism ..................... 37

a. Margaret’s Personal Life ................................................ 38

b. Margaret’s Political Life ................................................ 39

4. Female Identity Crisis............................................................ 41

B. People Reactions on Margaret Thatcher’s Political Decisions ......... 41

1. Internal Reactions..................................................................... 42

2. External Reactions ................................................................... 45

CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

A. Conclusions ....................................................................................... 48

B. Recommendations ............................................................................. 51

REFERENCES .............................................................................................. 53

APPENDICES .............................................................................................. 56


xiii

LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

Table 3.1 ........................................................................................................ 26

Table 3.2 ........................................................................................................ 27

Table 4.1 ........................................................................................................ 30

Table 4.2 ........................................................................................................ 42


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LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendices Page

The Iron Lady Movie’s synopsis .................................................................. 56

Appendix A Post-feminist Characteristics in Margaret’s Language ............. 63

Appendix B Types of People Reactions on Margaret’s Decisions ............... 85

Appendix C Motivation Words that Affects Margaret’s Decisions .............. 102

Appendix D Underestimated Words on Margaret’s Background ............. 104


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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter is divided into six sections. The first section is the

research background. This section explains the descriptions of the research

and the reason for the topic chosen. The second is the research questions,

this section presents the formulation of questions discussed or analyzed in

the research. The third is the research limitation that explains the focus and

the limit scope to discuss in the research. The fourth is the research

objectives. This section will cover the goal of the research. The fifth is the

research benefits. It discusses the advantages of this research. The sixth is

the definition of terms which contains the important key terms mentioned

in this research to avoid misunderstanding and misinterpretation.

A. Research Background

Movies are made to be watched and listened. Movies appeal to

human’s visual and aural senses. Like any art forms, movies are also

meant to be felt and understood, to appeal to human emotions and minds.

Movies are open to the world for being interpreted. By watching movies,

people can have the better understanding of how to deal with life. They

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can also think critically about other’s personality and analyze the ideology

of each character in a particular action.

Movies are also considered as the representative of human life in

reality. Through movies, people can learn the different representation of

human’s characters, emotions, struggles, feelings, and philosophy of life.

Movies can drive people to be critical about their aspect of life and how to

live their life. Also, through movies, people will not only see the

representation of one’s character but also will see what life is and how it

works from different perspectives. Even in religious aspects, movies are

also playing its role. In prayer, human creativity combines with divine

creativity through imagination. The same thing happens when people use

film as a prayer (J. Pungent, SJ & M. Williams, SJ, 2004). By the time

people watch a movie, they are not only entertained, but they are also

being formed (Y. Iswarahadi, SJ in rohani, 2012). In other words, movie is

a way for people to see their own world through the story and the

characters which are represented in it.

Since movies are rich in valuable lessons of life, many researchers

work on the analysis of movies from all aspects of life. This research is

going to analyze ideology revealed in Margaret Thatcher character’s

through the language used in The Iron Lady movie.

In this research, researcher is going to analyze the language used

by Margaret Thatcher’s character in The Iron Lady movie because the

researcher wanted to investigate the explicit and implicit content of that


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movie and focus on how the character of Margaret Thatcher in that movie

used the language; spoken, body language, idea, and expression in order to

interact with other gender, especially on her political decision. Also, the

researcher used The Iron Lady movie because of the female actress of this

movie is reflected the true story of The Iron Lady itself; Margaret Thatcher

portrayed by Meryl Streep.

Margaret Thatcher (MT) is the first woman of Prime Minister who

served in the United Kingdom and the longest-serving Prime Minister in

the modern era of England. She is known as the Woman's of Baja or the

Woman’s of iron (Iron Lady) hooked up with a nickname given by the

USSR (Soviet) to her. In her policy Margaret Thatcher is always true to

her views and cannot accept other people's opinions. She will perform

with a firm decision despite many rumors against it. Based on Margaret

Thatcher real life background, the researcher wants to focus on post-

feminism value in the way she thinks and leads the country as a Prime

Minister.

Language is considered as one of the most important elements of

human society since the language is used to communicate and to express

the human ideas. Aitchison (2003) states that humans can communicate in

numerous ways, for instance; they can wink, wave, smile, and even tap

someone on the shoulder which is also considered as the way of

communication. Brown (2005) emphasizes on language as a system of

arbitrary conventionalized vocal, written or gestural symbols that enable


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members to communicate intelligibly between one and another. Wibowo

(2001:3) adds that language is a system of symbols that are meaningful

and articulate sound which are arbitrary and conventional. Schipper (2003)

also states that language is a form of communication that is based on a

system of symbol, whether it is spoken, written, or signed. Communication

itself means a behavior that is directed at another member of the same

species and may affect the recipient’s behavior and the initiator subsequent

behavior.

Coates (1998), states that the most affecting social factor in the

communication is gender. Gender is the biggest influence among all of the

social factors of how people interact. In some areas, the society treats a

certain behavior towards men and women. It is based on how culture

interprets the biological differences in terms of sex, include expectation on

how man and woman behave and speak. Through language used, people

can show their status level in the society. Someone’s ideology of life can

be represented through the language used. People can also judge one

another personality through the language they used.

Feminism is the movement and ideology that attain women’s

rights to create the world for women beyond social equality (Humm: 406).

Feminism’s ideology is fighting for the women to gain their opportunity to

have a higher education and to do male’s jobs. They also get their

maternity leave and equal payment in the workplace.


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Feminism itself has some varieties movements, e.g. Radical

Feminism, Liberal Feminism, Marxist Feminism, Socialist Feminism and

Post-feminism. Post-feminism has the different manifestation of feminism.

Post-feminism is often judged as anti-feminism movements because most

of the characteristics of Post-feminism are about rejecting some concepts

of feminism. The simplest idea of post-feminism represents pluralism or

respect differences (Brooks, 1997). In post-feminism, there is more

differences or gender gap between man and women because they are

people.

B. Research Questions

Departing from the background, there are some questions

formulated. The questions are as follows:

1. How does Margaret Thatcher in The Iron Lady movie applies post-

feminism theory through the way she interacts with another gender?

2. How are the reactions of people to her political decisions?

C. Research Objectives

In accordance with the statement of the questions, this thesis aims:


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1. To investigate how does Margaret Thatcher in The Iron Lady movie

applies post-feminism theory through the way she interacts with

another gender.

2. To investigate how are the reactions of people around to her political

decisions.

D. Research Benefits

This research aims to give benefits to English lecturers and future

researchers to enrich their knowledge on Post-feminism. The purpose also

might get some information about the proper roles and behavior of women

in the society. In extras, the readers might learn how well a woman named

Margaret Thatcher is able to be equal with man in her political position.

For the English lecturers, this research is expected that the English

lecturers can use it to develop interactive teaching-learning activities in

Movies Interpretation Class. In addition, the lecturers can increase the

students’ interest and creativity in interpreting a movie. They can also help

the students to make a comparison between the roles of women in

Margaret Thatcher era and women in today’s era.

For the future researchers, this research aims to give a meaningful

contribution to other researchers who want to conduct further studies in the

same field. The researcher also expects that this research can provide the

researchers an additional reference on how to change the conservative

mind of the society towards the feminist movement.


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E. Definition of Terms

Some specific terms will be used in this research. In order to make

a better understanding and get the same idea from the research, this section

will represent some definition of terms that are used in this research.

1. Post-feminism Theory

Brooks (1997), she states that post-feminism today is not about

what comes after feminism, but it is about the conceptual shifts within

feminism. In addition, Braithwaite (2004), states that post-feminism is

now a label for a wide range of theories that take critical approaches to

previous feminist discourses.

2. Margaret Thatcher

Margaret is the first woman to hold the position as Prime Minister

in the United Kingdom. During her three terms, she cut social welfare

programs, reduced trade union power and privatized certain industries. She

has served the United Kingdom as a Prime Minister for eleven and a half

years, from May 4th, 1779 until her resignation on November 28th, 1990.

She died on April 8, 2013, at age 87.

3. The Iron Lady Movie

This movie is a surprising and intimate portrait of Margaret

Thatcher (Meryl Streep), the first and only female Prime Minister of the


8

United Kingdom. One of the 20th century's most famous and influential

women, Thatcher came from nowhere to smash through barriers of gender

and class to be heard in a male dominated world. Much more than a

biographical epic, the film is also the surprisingly intimate journey of a

"common" grocer's daughter whose social ambition and steel will -- along

with the love of her husband and confidant, Denis (Jim Broadbent) —

propelled her to unprecedented power. Combining fact, fiction and poetic

flight of imagination – as well as flashbacks -- director Phyllida Lloyd

creates a portrait that reveals the many faces of Thatcher: the hard-nosed

conservative; the woman who demolished the barriers of gender and class

in a male-dominated world; the spirited wife and mother who longed to

change her country for the better.

This movie was made in London, 2008. The story began with the

elderly former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher prepares breakfast for

her husband Denis, as she has every morning of their married life. Denis is

alive only in her imagination.

Once described in life as “always present, never there”, Denis is

still present for Margaret. Is he a loving memory made flesh? A

manifestation of her grief? Or perhaps her conscience, taking her to the

task?


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Locked in the infuriating inaction of retirement and battling ill

health, Margaret is ambushed by memories. Fragments of her private life

and of her premiership crowd into her mind and she relives them in vivid

detail. As she struggles to maintain her equilibrium, Denis teases and

needles her. The struggle, the triumphs, the betrayals – in the end, what

did she achieve? When all is said and done, was it worth it?


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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter consists of two sections. The first section is the

Theoretical Description which consists of two theories. Those theories are

the theory of Post-feminism and theory of People Reaction. The second

section is the Theoretical Framework which presents how the theories will

be used in the research to answer the questions formulation.

A. Theoretical Description

This section consists of five theories, namely: the development of

Post-feminism Theory, Post-feminist Characteristics, Social Reaction

Theory, Language and Gender Theory, and the explanation of the subject;

The Iron Lady movie.

1. Post-feminism Theory

Feminism is a movement which is fighting for the rights of

women so that women get out of injustice. Feminism is a political

movement that reviews various aspects of life. Feminism itself has been

through several stages of development. Recently, feminism is still as a hot

issue to be discussed. The history of feminism is divided into three waves.

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The first wave of Feminism has been revealed in 1792 until 1960.

It has been known by the writer Wollstonecraft in The Vindication of the

Rights of Women. There is some feminism flows in this era. Some of them

are; Liberal Feminism, Radical Feminism, Anarchist Feminism, Marxist

Feminism, and Socialist Feminism. All of those flows are fighting for the

development of the rational side of women. They are focused on

individuals’ autonomy practice, but still do not eliminate discrimination

against women (Sanders, 1999).

The second wave of Feminism was revealed in 1960-1980. It is

marked by the publication of “The Feminine Mystique” (Freidan, 1997)

and was followed by the establishment of National Organization for

Woman. This wave appears as a reaction to the dissatisfaction of women

on various discriminations they experienced. They are fighting for the

universalism. Feminism flows of this era are; Existential Feminism and

Gynocentrism Feminism.

The third wave of Feminism is revealed in 1980 up to nowadays.

This movement is well known as Post-feminism. It emerges as the result

of varieties criticism of feminism universalism in the second wave. Pilcher

(2004), states that to comprehend post-feminism, it is a must to state that

there is no agreement about how post-feminism can be described; the

definition or terms is usually “essentially contradict” (Pilcher, 2004, p:

105). It means that there is a pro and against towards post-feminism. The

pro-state that post-feminism is a different manifestation of feminism”,


12

while the contra said that post-feminism is an anti-feminist movement

(Pilcher, 2004, p: 106).

Brooks (1977), argues that “it is not a question of depoliticizing

feminism, but of marking the conceptual shift from the ‘old’ and the ‘new’

form of debates around the revivified and theorized concept of

difference”. The conceptual shift means here is about accepting pluralism

to shape equality than create equality. In addition, Brooks states that post-

feminism represents feminism’s maturity, a development into a confident

body of theory and politics, representing pluralism and difference.

Mills (1989), notes that the frame of post-feminism is useful to

signify how feminism becomes rewritten, depoliticized and incorporated

into media accounts of contemporary culture. Furthermore, Brooks states

that feminism is not necessarily anti-feminist. Based on this border

perspectives, Braithwaite stated that post-feminism are not simply

reactions against or anti-feminism as cited in Brooks (1977: p. 27).

In addition, Gill (2007) states that post-feminism should be thought

of as "a sensibility". Besides, post-feminism also should be acknowledged

to be the cultural mood regarding gender that pervades Western countries

in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century.

Post-feminism itself has some flows with their own uniqueness.

The first is Postmodern Feminism (known as Posmo). The idea of Posmo

is antiabsolute and antiauthority. This flow found that ‘gender’ does not

mean as significant identity or social structure automatically. Posmo


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Feminism illustrates that the differences between men and women need to

be accepted and nurtured. More specifically, this flow rejects the

authority.

The second flow is Multicultural Feminism. Multicultural

feminism focused on the view that not all women are created or

constructed equally in a country. They are different in all aspects of life;

not only on races and ethnicities differences’, but also different from

sexual identity, gender identity, age, religion, education level, occupation,

and marital status. This flow is generally identifying as the social-

intellectual movement that promoting the value of diversity as a principle

key. Multicultural also emphasize that all cultural groups must be

respected and treated equally.

The third flow is Global Feminism. Global Feminist claimed that

the oppression of women can also be caused by an unfair system. The

global feminist highlights the inequality between first world countries and

third world countries which have a different system of government. Thus

extending the global feminist agenda into a cross-country-women’s

liberation and nation.

The fourth flow of post-feminism is Ecofeminism. This flow is a

movement that seeks to create and preserve nature and the environment

with based femininity. Baxter (2006), tried to arouse and knock the heart

of feminist to pay more attention to their natural environment.


14

Ecofeminism assumes that this natural phenomenon occurs because the act

of masculine hegemonic and exploitative.

2. Post-feminist Characteristics

As an ideology of life, post-feminism also has some

characteristics. This research found some characteristics of post-feminism

from some writers. Here, the researcher chose feminist characteristics by

Faludi’s: backlash theory, Grant’s: advice manual and some addition from

Braithwaite Journal. There are four characteristics of post-feminism found.

a. General Rejection on the Second Wave of Feminism

Braithwaite’s theory states that woman of this characteristics are

grateful for the freedoms and equalities made possible by the feminist

movement, but at the same time blame it for making them miserable with

pressures and high expectations. Women feel forced to apply what

feminism won for them; juggling a bona fide career and a family

(Braithwaite, 2004, p; 21-22). In addition, Grant asserts that woman who

focuses her energy to shape her career has her time left over to improve

her relationships, to support her man, and to raise her children. Besides,

Faludi (1992) in her book said that many contemporary women are

supposedly angry that feminism has weighed them down with high

expectations, specifically with balancing a career and home or family life.


15

b. Female Identity Crisis

This characteristic states that women today are not familiar with

the term womanhood, because ‘feminism did not prepare them for the

roles as women’ (Friedan, 1997, p: 75). Feminism has promised her-

‘women’-a stronger sense of her own identity. Feminism also has given

her little more than an identity crisis, the best-seller advice manual being a

Woman asserts. Grant asserted that contemporary women have a real

course because feminism placing so much emphasis on career and taking

not enough attention on marriage and motherhood. In addition, Grant

explained that the dilemma of the contemporary woman is shown when

she tries to decide whether she want to be a single career girl or to be a

mother/housewife. It happens because the price she has had to pay in order

to gain the whole world often feels like the loss of her very soul.

c. Focus on the Individualism

The third character of post-feminism is focused on the individual

for personal pleasure. These may include fashion, beauty, sexiness, fun,

pleasure, and even include self-existence; “Look…! I am a woman, and I

can do it better than men’s!”. This also signifies of indulgence that

considers ‘a rebellion against the old regime of feminism’ and ‘lifestyle

choices and personal consumer pleasures’ (Braithwaite, 2004, p: 23 and

24).


16

d. Revival of Traditional Femininity

In this last but not least characteristics of post-feminism, post-

feminism’s eagerness to participate in the revival of traditional femininity.

It can be shown through motherhood and domesticity-men, children,

family, and life at home, which is not in the plot of feminism. This

characteristic is also fighting for a normal family life as it should be. On

one side a mother could have had a brilliant career outside the home, but

on the other hand, she also became a brilliant mother and wife inside home

as befits a traditional woman. Faludi (1992) mentioned that women had

enough of the need for equality and they started claiming that they only

wanted to be the guardians of motherhood and domesticity, the

housekeepers of national politics (Faludi, 287). Besides, feminists failed

women by promoting the Equal Rights Amendment, pushing for no-fault

divorce laws, and ignoring motherhood. Women today are now realizing

that this is considered as one of the alternative lifestyles.

3. Social Reactions Theory

Labeling is a definition when given to a person will become the

identity of that person, and explain how the type of particular person. By

labeling a person, people tend to see him as a whole personality and not

the behavior one by one. Lemert (in Sunarto, 2004) states that labeling

theory is the deviation caused by the labeling of society to someone who

then tends to continue these deviations. The labeling theory inspired by


17

symbolic interactionism perspective and has evolved in such a way to

research and testing in various fields such as criminology, mental health,

health, and education. Labeling theory has started by Lemert and symbolic

interactionism of Herbert Mead (in Sunarto, 2004). Later, this theory

develops by Becker in 1963. Initially, the Structural Theory deviant or

deviation understood as behavior that exists and is a character as opposed

to social norms. Devian is a form of behavior.

Mead (1934) states that people act together. They do what they do

with an eye on what others have done, are doing now, and may do in the

future. Furthermore, one tries to fit his own line of action into the actions

of others, just as each of them likewise adjusts his own developing actions

to what he sees and expects others to do.

Labeling theory states that the more often and more

people who label to a particular person or group, the person or the group

will resemble and even be transformed into a label that is given to him or

her. This reaction arises because someone labeled felt caged in

label given to him (Hikmat, 2008).

Labeling is one of the most reasons for someone to do

secondary deviation. Someone who labeled tends to perform other actions

which also include actions primary irregularities, especially in defending

themselves from granting that label. Someone who labeled is trying to

eliminate the label granted, but eventually they are likely to commit


18

irregularities the others because it cannot maintain the attitude of the label

given (Martine, 2008).

Labeling theory stresses the idea that deviance is a relative term.

Under this perspective, people become deviant not because of the act

itself, but how people react to that act. As part of this theory, there are two

types of deviance. Primary deviance refers to episodes of deviant

behavior that many people participate in. Secondary deviance is when

someone makes something out of that deviant behavior, which creates a

negative social label that changes a person's self-concept and social

identity. People call this negative label a stigma.

4. Language and Gender Theory

Eckert and Mc.Gonell-Ginet (2003, p: 13), gender is the process of

categorizing characteristics based on social interpretation of biological

similarities and differences. This categorization is the social decision

(Fausto & Sterling, 1998) to label one is a woman and the other one is a

man. The labeling then focuses on what society expects somebody to

perform (Butler, 1990) based on their sex. Gender is defined broader as the

social constructions of the characteristics, responsibilities, and roles for

women and men, boys, and girls (World Health Organization [WHO],

2012).

Language is one of the systems of communication in speech and

writing used by people in a particular country or area. Language is


19

people’s identity that differentiates one with other. The language style

used by someone can show which social group someone belongs to. There

are many sociolinguists have made some research about the influence of

gender and language in society, such as; Lakoff (1975), Spender (1980),

Coates (1998), and Cameron (2003). Wood (1997) also explains that the

research about gender and communication have been done by many

researchers for decades. The research that is done by Jhonson (1997)

shows that men and women actually have different assumptions in

communication. He states that both men and women live in two different

worlds that became great evidence why both of them have the different

form of communication in the society.

The differences between men and women are also found in the

form of discrimination in society. Women are always expected to talk like

a lady. Women need to talk politely, gracefully, and courteously. If they

do not do that, they will be considered as unfeminine-women. However,

when women talk gracefully and courteously they will also be judged as a

weak person. On the contrary, it is normal for men to angry and acts

aggressively. Besides, men have never been criticized when they talk

rudely. People in the society accept it as a common thing and it is men’s

nature act like that.

Even in the politics, the difference in the way men and women

talking do not bring any benefit for women in the politics life. Women

language or feminine language is considered too passive in politics field.


20

Larner (2009, p.5) states that it can be seen that although women work in

politics field, they are still considered to be unimportant just because of

the way they use language.

5. The Explanation of the Subject; The Iron Lady Movie

The Iron Lady movie is a biographical movie. This movie tells the

life of a woman named is Margaret Thatcher who fought very hard to

reach her position in parliament. In order to achieve her goals, Margaret

got various challenges and obstacles, one of which is gender

discrimination.

In the very beginning, the struggle of Margaret Thatcher was not

well received by the public of her Country. People’s rejections occur

because, at that time, people still think that women’s duty in the ‘kitchen.’

However, Margaret Thatcher is a strong woman, due to all her hard work

and struggle; she finally managed to sit on the benches of parliament.

After she becomes a prime minister of Britain, Margaret Thatcher still

must confront all forms of reaction emanated both from society and other

Member of Parliament against all her wisdom and political decisions.

This is a very inspiring movie. In addition, this movie can also be a

lesson to continue to fight and work hard for the sake of the country. By

watching this movie, someone’s nationality is considering increasingly

and triggers to provide the best for the nation and homeland. In addition,


21

women are expected to increasingly have the confidence to perform,

fought and have good competition with men in the political field.

B. Theoretical Framework

This research provides some theories to support the analysis and to

answer the two questions presented in the questions formulation in the first

chapter. They are; theory of Post-feminism and Post-feminist

Characteristics, Social Reaction Theory, and Language and Gender

Theory.

The first is the theory of Post-feminism and Post-feminist

Characteristics. Those theories are used to answer the first research

questions, which is to identify how Margaret Thatcher is being presented

in The Iron Lady movie. In addition, this theory will help the researcher to

find out whether Margaret Thatcher represents any post-feminism ideology

in the way she interacts with other genders or not. The theory of Post-

feminist characteristics is used to find out what sort of character Margaret

Thatcher is.

The second is the theory of social reaction and theory of language

and gender. In this research, the researcher uses the theory of social

reaction to finding out the pro and contra-reactions on the political

decisions’ of Margaret Thatcher during her political career. The theory of

language and gender is used to find out whether Margaret Thatcher used

the language based on her life’s ideology or based on her gender.


22

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter is divided into six parts. The first part is research

method. This section explains the type of research chosen. The second part

is research setting. The third part is the data source. The fourth is

instruments and data gathering techniques. This section describes kinds of

instruments being used in this research. The fifth is data analyzing

technique. The section describes how the findings are analyzed. The last

part is research procedure that explains the steps of the research.

A. Research Method

This is a document analysis, since some of the researchers, such as

Ary, Jacobs, and Razavieh (2002, p. 442) define document analysis as a

research method applied to written or visual material for the purpose of

identifying specified characteristic of materials. Ripley and Flick (2007)

state that, “analyzing conversation has a long tradition in the history of

qualitative research.” The material was usually in the form of scripts,

textbooks, advertisement, and any other types of document. The data of

this research were found in The Iron Lady movie’s script that contained

the conversation of the characters. The data were analyzed based on

Brook’s theory about post-feminism.

22


23

B. Research Setting

The analysis of The Iron Lady movie was started from February

9th, 2015 in Yogyakarta until September 25th, 2015. The researcher spent

half a year in analyzing the script in order to gain the answer for the

research questions that found in the transcript.

C. Data Source

The data of this research is Margaret Thatcher’s language and

behaviors that are presented in the English movie entitled The Iron Lady.

The sources were in the form of movie’s transcription. This movie is a

surprising and intimate portrait of Margaret Thatcher (Meryl Streep), the

first and only female Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. One of the

20th century's most famous and influential women, Thatcher came from

nowhere to smash through barriers of gender and class to be heard in a

male dominated world. Much more than a biographical epic, the film is

also the surprisingly intimate journey of a "common" grocer's daughter

whose social ambition and steel will -- along with the love of her husband

and confidant, Denis (Jim Broadbent) — propelled her to unprecedented

power. Combining fact, fiction and poetic flight of imagination – as well

as flashbacks -- director Phyllida Lloyd, produced by Damian Jones, and

written by Abi Morgan.

This movie creates a portrait that reveals the many faces of

Thatcher: the hard-nosed conservative; the woman who demolished the

21


24

barriers of gender and class in a male-dominated world; the spirited wife

and mother who longed to change her country for the better.

The researcher chose this movie because of some criteria that the

researcher needed to be analyzed. Some of those criteria are; the character

has applies post-feminism theory in the way she interacts with other

gender in the movie, the character also has social interaction with various

social status, the character’s ideology of life, and the movie also represents

social reaction.

D. Research Instruments and Data Gathering Technique

In this research, there were two instruments used by the researcher.

Those instruments are human instrument and document. “The human

instrument has the unique capability of summarizing data on the spot and

feeding it back to an informant for clarification, correction, and

amplification. Moreover, human instrument is the main instrument for

gathering the data from the documents”. (Lincoln & Guba, 1985, p.194).

The other instrument was the document. This instrument can help

the researcher in doing the research; it can be similar to the sources’

books. The researcher made an observation on the script in order to

accomplish the research questions. After gathering the data needed, the

data would be presented in the analysis. Documents can be a personal

document, such as diaries, files, or books (Ary, Jacobs, and Rasavieh,

2002). In this research, the researcher employed the script of The Iron


25

Lady movie to collect the data from Margaret Thatcher’s language and

actions. The movie’s transcript consisted of 96 pages and was taken from

http://goodinaroom.com/wp-content/uploads/Iron-Lady-screenplay.pdf.

The script that was found and the dialogue in the movie transcript were not

as much as the dialogue in the movie. That is why the researcher combined

both the script and the movie’s subtitle when gathering the data needed.

However, most of the data were taken from the movie’s transcript.

The researcher selected the language of Margaret Thatcher that will

be used to find out the answer of the first research question. However, for

the answer of the second research question, the researcher selected all the

reactions of people around to her political decision; both in the form of

actions and words. Besides the used of human instrument and document,

the researcher also used checklist and table in order to categorize the data

needed.

E. Data Analysis Technique

The data collected in this research were analyzed to answer the

questions formulation. The first research question in this research was to

present the post-feminism’s ideology through Margaret Thatcher’s

interaction with another gender. The language used and the action done by

the character will be classified based on Braithwaite’s theory of post-

feminist characteristics. Those characteristics are; General rejection to


http://goodinaroom.com/wp-content/uploads/Iron-Lady-screenplay.pdf

26

the second wave feminism, female identity crisis, focus on the

individual, and revival of traditional femininity.

The second research question was to present the factors that affect

the social reaction to the Margaret Thatcher’s political decisions. The

language used and the action done by the character will be analyzed

according to Howard Becker’s theory.

There were two tables made by the researcher to gain the data from

the movie’s transcript. The first table is used to analyze the post-feminist

characteristics represent in the language used by Margaret Thatcher in The

Iron Lady movie. The second table is used to analyze the social reaction

by the people around to her political decisions.

Table 3.1 Post-feminism Characteristics Applies in Margaret’s Languages

No Margaret’s

Language

Setting

of Place Context

Post-feminism Characteristics

General

Rejection of

Second Wave

Feminism

Female

Identity

Crisis

Focus on

the

Individual

Revival of

Traditional

Femininities

1 How much is

the milk? Shop

Old Margaret

going out to buy some milk

2

Too much.

Much too

much butter.

Kitchen Old Margaret

having breakfast

with her husband

3 Milk’s gone

up.

4 49p a pint.

5 Eat your egg!

6 No no no no. The grey!

Bedroom Old Margaret is standing in front

of a wide

cupboard and Denis’ hand

reaches across, wavering between

jackets of brown

tweed and grey twill

7 Yes.

Definitely the grey.

TOTAL Occurrences Occurrences Occurrences Occurrences


27

Table 3.2 Types of People Reactions on Margaret’s Political Decisions.

N

o

People

Reaction

Setting of

Place Context

Types of Reaction

Internal

Reaction External Reaction

Family Party Words Actions Mass

Media

Wide

Rebellion

Action

1

CAROL'S utter

disappointment

on seeing she has lost

MARGARET

already.

CAROL:

Silly me!

CAROL storms

out of the kitchen.

Kitchen.

Flood

Street.

1974

Carol’s

response to

Margaret’s

decisions to

run for the

leader of

the party

2

DENIS You're

insufferable,

Margaret, do you know that?

Kitchen.

Flood

Street. 1974

Denis’

response to

Margaret’s

decisions to

run for the

leader of

the party

3

MARGARET

Denis, you married

someone who

is committed to public service,

you knew that.

And it is my duty

4

DENIS

Don't call it

duty. It's ambition which

has got you this

far. Ambition. And the rest of

us, me, the

children, we can all go to

hell!

Don't worry

about me, I'll be fine!

TOTAL

In gathering the data needed, the researcher was supported by some

supporting instruments, such as electronic devices, that consisted of laptop

and speaker, also media player used to play the movie. The researcher


28

listed the expressions needed and matched those expressions with the

movie transcript.

F. Research Procedure

There were several steps the researcher did in order to finish this

research. The first step was watching the movie for several times, and then

finding the official transcript on the internet. The second step was the

researcher make sure whether the movie’s transcript are similar with the

movie’s subtitle or not, then the researcher collecting all the languages

used by Margaret Thatcher in that movie. The third step was the researcher

understanding the language used by Margaret Thatcher, understanding the

four characteristics of post-feminism, and the researcher categorizing the

language used by Margaret Thatcher into four post-feminist

characteristics. After the categorization, the researcher has some

discussions with some colleagues about the categorization part. The

researcher also has some consultations with the thesis advisor. Besides, the

researcher also has some discussion with the social media friends (Face

Book’s friends) in order to validate the data gathering. The discussion was

done to gain the same perception of post-feminism characteristics that

revealed in the language used by Margaret Thatcher in The Iron Lady

movie.

After the post-feminism characteristic’s categorization, the

researcher would analyze the types of social reactions of the people around


29

to her political decisions. In this analysis, in order to gain all the data

needed, the researcher has done the same steps with the post-feminist

categorizations.


30

CHAPTER IV

RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents the discussion of research that had been done

by the researcher. The analysis firstly focuses on how post-feminism

theory through the post-feminism characteristics applied in the language

used by Margaret Thatcher in The Iron Lady movie. Secondly, the analysis

concentrates on the social reaction of Margaret Thatcher’s decisions.

A. Post-feminist Characteristics in Margaret Thatcher’s Language

Through the language used by Margaret in the The Iron Lady

movie, the researcher has found that Margaret was indeed applied post-

feminism theory in the way she interacts with others gender. The

researcher found that Margaret applied the post-feminism theory through

fourth characteristics of post-feminist; general rejection of second wave

feminism, female identity crisis, focuses on the individual, and revival of

traditional femininities. The table below will explain the founding.

Table 4.1. Number of Occurrences of Post-feminist Characteristics

Number of

Occurrences

Post-feminism Characteristics

General

Rejection of

Second Wave

Feminism

Female

Identity

Crisis

Focus on the

Individual

Revival of

Traditional

Femininities

21 Occurrences

3 Occurrences 36 Occurrences 23 Occurrences

30


31

The researcher will explain the characteristics according to the

occurrences’ frequencies.

1. Focus on the Individual

Through The Iron Lady movie, Margaret Thatcher showed that

positive ambition can drive people to reach their destiny of life. Everybody

knows that Margaret Thatcher was the grocer’s daughter only, but her

ambition drives her to be the first female Prime Minister of the Great

United Kingdom for eleven and a half years. She won the election on May

4th, 1979 until her resignation on November 28th, 1990. According to

Braithwaite (2004), ambition, persistence, courage and firmness as a

woman was one of the characteristics of post-feminist.

The characteristic was well known as focus on the individual

characteristic. This characteristic was also emphasizing on lifestyle

choices and personal consumer pleasures. These may include fashion,

beauty, sexiness, fun, pleasure, and even include self-existence; “Look…!

I am a woman, and I can do it better than men’s!” (Braithwaite, 2004, p:

23 and 24). This characteristic was the very often occurred in the language

used by Margaret Thatcher in The Iron Lady movie. There were 36

occurrences of focus on the individual that found by the researcher in the

language used by Margaret Thatcher in that movie. It proved that Margaret

applied post-feminism theory in the way she interacts with others gender.


32

The bravery of Margaret Thatcher has seen since she was young. It

clearly shown in the movie that when everybody in the family’s shop; her

father and mother, her sister, and a shop man were hiding under the table

because of the air raid on 1943, when her father Alfred Roberts asked

somebody to cover the butter that still open on the table, Margaret

spontaneously volunteer herself to go. “I’ll go,” she said, she did not

afraid of her own self (App. A, p. 50, no. 10). She always braves to take

the risk of every single action that she took, even when she has to lose her

popularity because of her controversial decisions.

Scene : 1056

Time : 01:31:46,655 - 01:31:56,647

“Don’t they know if you take the tough

decisions, yes people will hate you today but

they’ll thank you for generations.”

The Iron Lady movie was not only showed Margaret’s bravery but

also shown her ambition clearly. It can be seen when she wanted to run for

the leader of Conservative Party. She considers that none of the men in her

party has enough guts. Even though her husband reminds her how loyal

the Prime Minister to her, but Margaret was unstoppable.

Scene : 386

Time : 00:38:58,731 - 00:39:06,681

“But he’s weak, and he’s weakened the party.

One must know when to go”.

She considers other people cannot do everything as best as she

could do. This assumption drives her far and further pursues her ambition


33

to be able to prove to the world around her that she could. In addition,

Margaret proved her capability in the real action she did during her

lifetime as a Prime Minister. She did her duty in totality. All that she seeks

the most was the best thing for her lovingly country and her people. She

wanted all people were happy with her party services.

Scene : 695

Time : 01:01:18,272 - 01:02:05,667

“Gentlemen, if we don’t cut spending we will be

bankrupt. Yes the medicine is harsh but the

patient requires it in order to live. Shall we

withhold the medicine? No! we are not wrong.

We didn’t seek election and win in order to

manage the decline of a great nation.

The people of this country chose us because

they believe we can restore the health of the

British economy and we will do just that!

Barring a failure of nerve”.

Margaret’s bravery and ambition were equipped with her

unwavering firmness. She holds the basic principle of her party tightly.

Her decisions were unshakeable. This can be seen in some of her

controversial decisions. One of them is when the Falkland War happened

in 1982. One of her most trusted man, namely Geoffrey Howe asked her to

think twice about the cost of sending 28,000 men and a hundred ships

twelve thousand miles, almost to Argentina. He said that it will be

absolutely crippling. However, Margaret over unpredictable answer,

Scene : 795

Time : 01:10:24,614 - 01:10:28,173

“I don't think we should be worrying about

money at this point, Geoffrey”.


34

In the same time, without any doubt, Margaret publicly announced

that;

Scene : 799

Time : 01:10:37,744 - 01:10:47,294

“The government has now decided that the

large task force will sail, as soon as all

preparation are complete”.

That quotation proved that Margaret Thatcher applied post-

feminism theory through the focus on the individual characteristic of the

theory of Braithwaite (2004). Margaret never stops at the one point of

achievement. She is a woman that always focuses on the goal of her life.

2. Revival of Traditional Femininities

The Iron Lady movie begins with the elderly Margaret in a

department store near to her house buying some milk. In the next scene,

she was having breakfast while having a warm conversation with her

husband Denis. It seems that they live in a real life. In fact, Denis is alive

in her imagination only. However, in her elderly time, Margaret looks like

ordinary women in general. The greatness of a Prime Minister that

admired by the people in the entire of the world disappeared in her

simplicity of life. She took care of her family with love. She did

housework like every wife or mothers do.

Those attitudes shown by the elderly Margaret were known as one

of the post-feminist characteristics. The characteristic was namely revival

of traditional femininities. There were some aspects of the revival of


35

traditional femininities. Those aspects are motherhood and domesticity-

men, children, family, and life at home, which is not in the plot of

feminism (Faludi, 1992, p.287). This characteristic was also fighting for a

normal family life as it should be. On one side a mother could have a

brilliant career outside the home, but on the other hand, she can also

become a brilliant mother and wife inside the home. Those aspects were

applied in Margaret language used in The Iron Lady movie.

Almost the entire time of her elderly life was spent in fantasy. She

lived as an ordinary woman who went to the store to buy her own need.

Doing everything for her husband, even to choose what clothes fit her

husband. The warm family’s conversation between Margaret and her

daughter were also proved her traditional femininities character. It can be

seen on the scene when her daughter Carol came to visit Margaret. One of

her house assistances told Carol that Margaret went out herself to buy

some milk. Carol told Margaret that if she needs something, she could ask

one of her assistance for help. However, Margaret told that she did not for

the knackers yet, she can still do many things by herself.

Scene : 131

Time : 00:14:06,485 - 00:14:36,272

“If I can’t go out to buy a milk then what is the

world coming to. Really Carol, please don’t

fush about it. You’ve always been like this, fuss

fuss fuss. You must find something better to do

with your time. It’s most unattractive in a

woman. When I was your age the last thing I

wanted to do was fuss around my mother”.


36

Through this language, Margaret looks happy to live as a

traditional woman; wife and mother. She actually can just ask one of her

family assistances to buy some milk for her, but she was happy to do it

herself. Besides, Margaret was also shown through The Iron Lady movie

that her status as Prime Minister cannot be an obstacle for her to be a good

wife. This can be seen in the most touching words she said to Reece and

Airey when they wanted Margaret to change some of her appearances.

They asked Margaret to let her hat go and also the pearls wear in her neck.

Scene : 462

Time : 00:43:51,226 - 00:44:09,203

“Gentlemen, I am in your hands. I may be

persuaded to surrender the hat. But the pearls

were a gift from my husband on the birth of our

twins and they are absolutely non-negotiable”.

Through this language, Margaret proved to everybody that for her,

the family was as important as the political career. Her motherly attitude

did not appear in her family only but also shown in her political decision.

She felt that she was not only a mother of her own children; Carol and

Mark, but she was also a mother of every Britain’s citizens. This was

proved by her action to Falkland. She did not care about the thousands of

miles distance from the mainland of Britain. She did not care also about

how many citizens were there in Falkland, even General Haig told her

about the insignificant of Falkland both politically and economically. Her

cabinet also asked her to think of the peace negotiation.

Scene : 809

Time : 01:11:20,874 - 01:11:49,056


37

“1941, when Japan attacked Pearl Harbour. Did

America go cap in hand and ask Tojo for a

peaceful negotiation of terms? Did she turn her

back on her own citizens there because the

islands were thousands of miles from mainland

United States? No, no, no! We will stand on

principle or we shall not stand at all”.

Another most touching scene about her relationship between the

citizens of Britain was shown when she has to encourage the families of

the armies sent to Falkland. She wrote a handwriting letter for all the

families of the armies.

Scene : 867

Time : 01:15:37,249 - 01:15:50,356

“As the only Prime Minister in the history of

our country who is also a mother with a son of

my own, I can imagine your agony, and your

grief”.

At the end of The Iron Lady movie, Margaret in her imagination

conversation’s with her husband said that all she wanted in her life was to

make a difference in the world and to make her family happy. Margaret

was a real and great Prime Minister and also a real and great mother.

3. General Rejection of Second Wave Feminism

The general rejection of second wave feminism is also well known

as the critique on the second wave ‘old-fashion’ feminism. Based on the

language used by Margaret Thatcher in The Iron Lady movie, Margaret

showed that she was applied post-feminist figure. The second wave of

feminism movement is fighting for gender equality between men and


38

women in all aspects of life. The second wave of feminism movement

assumes everything that can be done by men can also be done by women.

While in post-feminism, particularly the general rejection of the second

wave of post-feminism characteristic still admit that as human beings

people can have different gender; men and women, but they can still work

together without having forgotten or even abandon the original identity of

each gender (Faludi, 1992 & Braithwaite, 2004, p; 21-22). This kind of

characteristic was applied by Margaret through the language used in The

Iron Lady movie. There were two aspects of life that she applied the post-

feminist characteristics in the way she used the language.

a. Margaret’s Personal Life

General rejection of the second wave feminism was applied in

Margaret Thatcher’s language on the dialog between young Margaret and

her husband; Denis:

Scene : 268

Time : 00:26:09,246 - 00:26:24,140

“I love you so much but...I will never be one of

those women Denis - who stays silent and

pretty on the arm of her husband. Or remote

and alone in the kitchen doing the washing up

for that matter.

No – one’s life must matter, Denis. Beyond the

cooking and the cleaning and the children,

one’s life must mean more than that – I cannot

die washing up a teacup”.

This dialogue happened in the Town Hall between young Margaret

and young Denis when Denis proposed Margaret. As an ordinary woman,


39

Margaret was happy with the proposal of her lover Denis. She told Denis

her feeling. However, with a firm (she didn’t impose her will) she made a

deal with her husband so that she could pursue her goal: not only to be a

wife who stays at home and spends all her time in taking care of her

children and husband.

Another occurrence when she accompanies her daughter Carol in

her driving practice. Margaret showed that even though she was a career

woman, but still she can have quality time with her family especially her

children. She proved that her career did not stop her from being a good

mother, and vice versa that her status as a wife and mother did not hinder

her career. She could work together with her husband and children in the

household.

b. Margaret’s Political Life

General rejections on the second wave feminism were applied also

in Margaret Thatcher’s language on her political life.

Scene : 313

Time : 00:33:59,534 - 00:34:13,105

“If the right honorable gentleman could

perhaps attend more closely to WHAT I am

saying, rather than HOW I am saying it, he may

receive a valuable education in spite of h

imself”.

Through this language, Margaret wanted the audience to

understand that even though she was among the men, she is still a woman


40

with the way of speaking as all women do in general. It was better to pay

attention only on the WHAT rather than on HOW she delivered her

speech. Margaret was always highly aware of her femininity. Although she

worked together with men, it does not mean that she becomes the same as

men.

On the other occasions, Margaret has also shown her proud of

being the woman among men.

Scene : 434

Time : 00:42:03,388 - 00:42:30,088

“It’s all very well to talk about changing my

voice, Mr. Reece, but for some of my

colleagues to imagine me as their leader

would be like imagining, I don’t know, being

led into battle by their chambermaid. It’s my

background and my sex. No matter how I’ve

tried, and I have tried, to fit in, I will never

be truly one of them”.

This conversation occurred when she and her colleagues discussed

the prospect or possibility to become the leader of the party. Her

colleagues gave advice on attributes or clothing worn by Margaret. All

those attributes need to be changed. They also needed to change the tone

and intensity of Margaret’s voice because a high female voice was

considered as not charismatic voice. Margaret tried to attend voice

practices, but she still realizes that no matter how hard she tried to change

her voice tone, she certainly could not change her sex and femininity

background.


41

c. Female Identity Crisis

This characteristic is the characteristic of a woman who has the

dilemma when she tries to decide whether she wants to be a full career

woman and become the breadwinner of her family or to be a good

mother/housewife (Friedan, 1997, p: 75). As a true post-feminist figure,

Margaret has a strong character. The characteristic of post-feminist

characteristics, namely Female Identity Crisis is the fewest appear in the

language used by Margaret. The researcher has found only tree

occurrences of this characteristic in the language used by Margaret in The

Iron Lady movie.

Scene : 1045

Time : 01:31:12,851 - 01:31:19,226

“All those years of taking the tough decisions,

does any of it matter now?”

This language has occurred when Margaret decided to offer her

resignation after eleven and a half years as a Prime Minister. However, this

language did not strongly proved that Margaret live-out the female identity

crisis’ characteristic. For the researcher herself, she thinks that this kind of

language is about a deep reflection after a great and gentle decision on her

resignation.

B. People Reactions on Margaret Thatcher’s Political Decisions

There were some factors that affected people reaction. Based on

“The Iron Lady” movie, the researcher has found two general factors that

can cause people reactions. Those factors were namely the doer of


42

reactions and how were the reactions performed. The researcher has

decided to analyze two general groups of the doer; internal and external.

The internal reactions were divided into two types of doer; family and the

members of Margaret’s party, so do with the external reactions; opposition

party and wide rebellion. The two types of people reactions appeared in

several occurrences that were found by the researcher.

Table 4.2. Number of Occurrences of People Reactions

Number of

Occurrences

Types of Reaction

Internal Reaction

Mass Media

External Reaction

Family Party Words Actions Opposition

Party

Wide

Rebellion

Action

6

Occurrences

21

Occurrences

40

Occurrences

15

Occurrences

19

Occurrences

3

occurrences

9

Occurrences

1. Internal Reactions

The Iron Lady movie is a biographical movie of Margaret

Thatcher, the first female Prime Minister of Britain. In this movie, most of

the life stories of Margaret were shown. It told great stories of Margaret as

a great Prime Minister who worshiped and admired throughout the world,

but it also told the stories of her suffering; have been rejected and hated by

many people, even the closest people to her.

Through The Iron Lady movie, people could see the relationship

between Margaret and her family; husband and children. The elderly

Margaret lives alone with her house assistance and her husband in her


43

imagination. Some people may ask; did she have children? And some may

answer; today, people may not live with their children in their elderly life.

However, after watching this movie the researcher found some facts why

the great Margaret has to live alone in her elderly. Even though her

daughter Carol coming by to visit her, but still she lives in loneliness.

People could see in the scene when Carol and Mark were still kids

and Margaret has to leave them at the Parliament House for the first time.

The scene clearly showed how hard the little Carol and Mark ran after

their mother’s car to stop Margaret not to go and leave them. However,

Margaret still has to go.

Another scene also showed the less harmonious of Margaret and

Carol relationships. The scene told that Margaret has accompanied her

adult Carol in her driving practice. People could see how happy Carol was

with her mother. However, after the short and great togetherness, when

Carol asked her mother to take her for the test drive, Margaret answers it

by telling her decision to run for the leader of the party. At that moment,

people could see Carol’s reaction. She utters disappointment on seeing that

she has lost her mother already. “Silly me!” Carol said and leaves the

kitchen with the storms in her heart (Scene: 378, Time: 00:38:30,053 -

00:38:31,834).

Another reaction from her family on Margaret’s decision to run for

the leader of the party has come from her husband, Denis. Denis told


44

Margaret that she was an insufferable person. Even though Denis tried to

stop her, but Margaret was unstoppable for the sake of duty.

Scene : 402

Time : 00:39;58,392-00:40:13,248

“Don't call it duty. It's ambition which has got

you this far. Ambition. And the rest of us, me,

the children, we can all go to hell!

Don't worry about me, I'll be fine!”

Margaret has also reaped the negative reactions from several

members of parliament and members of her party. One of the very nasty

reactions from the very closest partner in the parliament is Howe’s

reaction. After several differences point of view between Margaret and

Howe, finally, in 1990 Howe gave his letter of resignation in front of the

cabinet.

Scene : 966

Time : 01:24:54,560 - 01:25:34,743

My letter of resignation.

Our differences, I'm afraid,

cannot be reconciled.

In his letter of resignation, Howe sadly said his deep regret on his

useless loyalty so far.

Scene : 966

Time : 01:24:54,560 - 01:25:34,743

“I have done what I believe to be right for my

party and my country. The time has come for

others to consider their own response to the

tragic conflict of loyalties with which I have

myself wrestled for perhaps too long”.


45

Some of this reaction from her closest people around her shown

how suffer Margaret was. She could greatly win in maintaining the dignity

of the nation, but at the same time, she could not maintain the unity of the

closest people to her.

2. External Reactions

The reactions of people in The Iron Lady movie not only came

from the closest people around Margaret, but the reactions also came from

the outside of her party and even from the wide public. The reactions

happened in both words and actions of people either in the soft form or

even in the harm form.

The softest reaction from the wide public to Margaret’s decisions

came from the oppositional parties which represented by Michael Foot in

the form of general speech and publish on mass media in 1980.

Scene : 645

Time : 00:58:35,748 - 00:59:16,387

“Can the Right Honourable Lady deny, that

having brought about the highest level of

unemployment since 1934-

The biggest fall in total output in steel and coal

production in one year since 1931. And the

biggest collapse in industrial production since

1921.

Can she also accept that her free market

economics designed to create a growing middle

class ensures that the rich get richer and the

poor are irrelevant!”


46

Another reaction from the external side of her personal life which

was containing both words and action happened in 1980. The reactions

were done in order to reject Margaret’s monetarist policies and the tight

budget. There were hundreds of people down the street to the

demonstration in front of the parliament office. Even some of the

protesters beat the car of Margaret when Margaret was passing by the

demonstrators.

Scene : 655

Time : 00:59:16,422 - 00:59:27,302

PROTESTORS:

Out... Out... Out...Maggie... Maggie... Maggie.

Out...out... out.!

One of the protesters is shouting out these

words.

PROTESTOR 1:

You're supposed to be a mother! You're not a

mother, you're a monster! You're a monster!

The very harmful reaction happened when her party’s conference

was held at Grand Hotel in Brighton, 1984. Fortunately, no one died in this

incident. Margaret and Denis were also saved. However, this incident

resulted in big materials losses.

Based on all the reactions of people above, both internal reactions

and external reactions people could understand the reasons why Margaret

Thatcher generally known as “Iron Lady”. Some of the reasons that affected

on Margaret decisions were not only because her political ambition but also

because of her father Alfred Robert ideology. According to the theory of social

reactions by Becker (1963), Margaret has shown as a primary deviance through


47

her actions and policies. Primary deviance is an episode of deviant behavior that

many people participate in. Margaret Thatcher became a ‘different woman’ at

that time because it was already forming in her family background, especially by

her father.

In the very beginning of The Iron lady movie clearly told that

Margaret was different from the others girl in her period of life. She did

not like to help her mother in the kitchen. She also did not like the

activities and the way of dressing by other girls in her town. Instead of

fussing for dressing up like others girls, Margaret prefers to listen to her

father’s speech as mayor of Grantham. Margaret greatly admired her

father. One of her father’s quotations that deeply inherent to Margaret is;

“Never run with the crowds, Margaret.

Go your own way”

These words drive Margaret in her unshakeable decisions. She was

really an unwavering leader. She was a true “The Iron Lady”. However,

the instrumental song of Ave Maria at the end of this movie is illustrated

that Margaret was a suffering mother and leader. She was a mother that

was fighting and suffering at the same time. She was glorious but

abandoned also.


48

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter consists of two parts which are the conclusions of the

research and the recommendations. The conclusion is the summary of the

finding in chapter four. The recommendation will present some

recommendations for the future researchers as well for the English

lecturers.

A. Conclusions

This research analyzed on Margaret Thatcher’s language used in

The Iron Lady movie. There were two problems formulated in this

research. The first problem is how Margaret Thatcher in The Iron Lady

movie applies post-feminism theory through the way she interacts with

another gender. Post-feminism was one of the interesting issues to be

discussed. There were four post-feminist characteristics which help the

researcher to know whether Margaret applies post-feminism theory in the

language used in The Iron Lady movie or not. Those characteristics were;

General Rejection of Second Wave Feminism, Female Identity Crisis,

Focus on the Individual, and Revival of Traditional Femininities.


49

During the analyzed process, the researcher enjoyed every

invention related to the post-feminist ideology. The very interesting topic

on post-feminism is not about gender equality anymore but it is about how

to work together in the gender diversity. This was the sense that exactly

applied in the language used by Margaret Thatcher in the movie. After the

data analyzes, the researcher found that Margaret Thatcher represented the

four of post-feminism characteristics in the way she interacts with others

gender.

Based on the four types of post-feminist characteristics, the

researcher found that characteristic of “Focus on the Individual” was the

very often applied in the languages used by Margaret Thatcher. It was

because of the personal characteristics of Margaret Thatcher; she has a

very big political ambition, bravery, and high self-confidence. Those

aspects shaped her personality into unshakeable person both in heart and

mind.

The second characteristic that strongly applied in the language used

by Margaret Thatcher in The Iron Lady movie is the “Revival of

Traditional Femininities.” This is about motherhood. Besides her political

ambition, Margaret also is a family lover. She is a life keeper that which is

the basic characteristic of every woman, mother, and wife. As a great

leader of the great United Kingdom, she still lives out her traditional

femininities.


50

The third strong characteristics that applied in Margaret’ languages

is “General Rejection of Second Wave Feminism.” This characteristic is

emphasizing on togetherness in the gender diversity. At the first, many

people underestimated Margaret’s capability as a woman to be on the

members of parliament. However, Margaret has proved that she could

work together with another gender for almost twelve years. She proved it

through the post-feminist characteristic according to the post feminism

theory.

The last post-feminist characteristic that applied in the language

used by Margaret in The Iron Lady movie is the “Female Identity Crisis.”

The researcher just found less than five occurrences of this characteristic

in the languages used by Margaret Thatcher. It is mean that Margaret as a

post-feminist figure is never feeling doubt in every action of her political

policies. She knows exactly why, when, and where she has to go.

The second problem formulation is about the reactions of people to

Margaret’s political decisions. There were two general types of people

reactions found in the languages used by Margaret Thatcher in The Iron

Lady movie. The types were namely internal reactions and external

reactions. Internal reactions were consisting of two doers of reaction; from

her family and her party members, while external reactions were also

consisting of two doers of reactions; her oppositional party and wide

public rebellion. Most of the reactions of the people were in the form of

soft reactions which are done in words only both in personal and public,


51

such as newspaper, television, or radio. Some others reactions are done in

the form of action, such as public demonstration without any victims. The

very harmful reaction is done in the form of bombing. It is done by the

doers of external reactions from her oppositional party. This reaction has

resulted from high material losses.

B. Recommendations

The researcher’s first recommendation is for the future researchers

who want to conduct similar research concerning the post-feminism

language. The Iron Lady movie is an interesting movie about the

struggling of a woman in order to realize her dream of life. The researcher

expectation is that the future researcher could find other characteristics of

post-feminism through The Iron Lady movie.

The second recommendation is for the future researchers that are

willing to conduct research using The Iron Lady movie as the main

subject. This movie is a rich of meanings movie. Future researchers could

also conduct research on gender language, sociolinguistics, or even could

also conduct motivation changing on young Margaret Thatcher and the

elderly Margaret.

The third recommendation is for both lecturers and students of

English Language Education. They should realize that movie can be a

good media to be discussed and analyzed. Even the researcher strongly


52

recommended the English education’s students to use an English movie in

order to improve their vocabulary masters.


53

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APPENDICES


55

Synopsis for The Iron Lady Movie


56

Synopsis for The Iron Lady Movie

A frail and elderly Margaret Thatcher is at breakfast with her husband

Denis. The small change of married life comprises their sporadic conversation.

We glimpse the house staff and perhaps assume Thatcher is still at the height of

her powers if no longer actually in office but their attitude doesn't seem to

correspond; they are not disrespectful, but neither are they deferential and we

seem to be in some kind of superior retirement home. Thatcher peeps through the

door but cannot make sense of what is happening outside and nor can we. From

the window we see with her the comings and goings of security staff, presumably

Thatcher's personal protection team. It is only in a reverse shot when a woman

finally comes to the Thatcher’s door and inquires if everything is alright that we

see no-one is at the table where Denis was sitting only a split-second earlier.

Thatcher shops for milk at a convenience store. She seems bewildered by

the price, talking about it to no-one in particular, and neither staff nor fellow

customers seem to recognize her; to them she seems to be just another irritating

old woman. One is impatient to the point of rudeness at being held up by her

fumbling for the change to pay for the pint that is her only purchase. The scene

has an air of unreality as if a dream sequence.

Back at the house, overheard snatches of conversation make it clear that

the staff are dismayed that Thatcher had escaped their oversight to make this

impromptu excursion into the real world outside unescorted and thereby confirm

that it wasn't a flight of fancy on her part. Still a symbolic if clearly diminished


57

figure, looking after her seems to be no more than a necessary nuisance to those

around her.

Thatcher as a girl in Grantham experiences a Second World War air-raid.

She takes a not-inconsiderable risk as exploding bombs shake the house to leave

the relative safety of the cupboard under the stairs but only to prevent some

produce from spoilage by putting it away rather than to protect it from the raid as

such. Later we see her as the focus of unkind remarks by her classmates from their

point of view on the other side of the road. She seems isolated from them socially.

In a large hall, now a young woman Thatcher is flirted with by Denis as a

young man. They discuss marriage and his support for her apparent political

ambition is made clear by him. He soon proposes. We later see them at the theatre

together, talking and joking. At a meeting, she is patronized and condescended to

by the local Tory party grandees who clearly don't take her application to be the

candidate for parliament very seriously but she is unabashed. As a grocer's

daughter, she points out, she knows the cost of living and how to budget and will

thus appeal to the housewives in the electorate. Compared unfavorably with

another, military gentleman candidate she avers that she also faced danger during

the war.

In parliament as a young Tory minister she rounds on the opposition

politicians who have failed to offer her the respect she feels she deserves by

lecturing them on their failure to attend to the content of her words rather than the


58

manner in which they were delivered but her raised voice is gratingly strident and

high-pitched.

We witness a cabinet meeting with Prime Minister Edward Heath.

Thatcher is quietly competent in her contributions but clearly a junior member of

the government, seated as she is at the very far end of the cabinet table and having

to lean forward to be seen by Heath who seems at first hardly to recall who she is.

In a private meeting, two unnamed advisers counsel Thatcher to consider

standing for the leadership of the Tory party; she is incredulous. She is next seen

in a voice-coaching session. Advised to deepen her delivery and inject authority,

she calls 'Denis!' loudly, in a notably lower timbre, and he visibly jumps in his

chair although on the far side of the large room. The advisers smile in satisfaction.

It is winter 1979. We see news headlines and archive footage about strike

action. Leicester Square in central London is piled high with rubbish bags and

Thatcher witnesses people stopping in cars to throw theirs on the pile on the

pavement in front of her as she walks by while those around express concern at

the smell.

Her daughter Carol visits the elderly Thatcher and they discuss starting to

sort through Denis's clothes and shoes so they can be sent to a charity shop. The

task seems overwhelming to Thatcher both physically in terms of volume of

material but also emotionally. She tries to speak to son Mark but cannot reach him

by telephone.


59

Thatcher speaks with one of the advisors in the Palace of Westminster

underground car park as he is already in his car leaving. He drives away towards

the exit ramp and Thatcher turns to walk to her own car but almost immediately

there is an explosion and we cut to the car in flames outside; newspaper headlines

tell us it was AireyNeave, victim of a car bomb.

Pinafore and standing at the kitchen stove Thatcher yet incongruously

speaks of state matters and the need to attend to them. Denis complains of her

absences from family life and testily shouting that she shouldn't worry about them

(her family) storms off.

After much industrial unrest the miners are now on strike. A beleaguered

Thatcher is driven away in her limousine through protesters holding placards

bearing anti-Tory slogans as some hammer on the car's roof and windows,

shouting angrily at her, faces contorted with rage and hatred.

The elderly Thatcher watches a DVD of Carol and son Mark as children

playing on the beach.

After Argentina invades the Falkland Isles Thatcher has summoned the

military top brass, determined to find whether it is possible to recover the islands.

The consensus being that it is, if only barely, but is perhaps also inadvisable,

Thatcher makes it clear that it must be done. Political speeches to parliament and

scenes of preparation and the sailing of the task force follow. In a council of war

she is given news of the Argentine ship the General Belgrano maneuvering in the

vicinity of the Task Force. Advised that it is a threat, she gives the order to sink it.


60

The elderly Thatcher speaks to a doctor. She comments acidly on his

modern phraseology, comparing it unfavorably with the plainer and more

meaningful language of her prime. He asks her about symptoms of dementia,

including hallucination. Having by now witnessed numerous scenes where she has

plainly imagined the dead Denis, we note her vague discomfiture as she says no,

but her mental faculties seem acute enough; Thatcher is apparently now aware

that she is imagining him. We begin to doubt that she has either Alzheimer's or

any other form of dementia.

Cabinet members openly worry about their political careers because the

government is so unpopular. Thatcher upbraids them for their lack of principle.

Apparently on her way to a public appearance, Thatcher requires the aid of a

seamstress to mend her clothing. She thanks Crawfie by name. We see her

moments later as part of a cabinet group portrait, the cabinet members now

smiling around her.

The elderly Thatcher is hosting a dinner that includes former political

colleagues. At the head of the table, she seems prime ministerial and asked to

comment on Islamic extremism is forthright in her advocacy of resistance to it but

seems for a moment to forget she is no longer premier as she speaks of what we

must now do. There is a slightly embarrassed silence. Carol tells her plainly that

she is no longer prime minister.

We are at the Tory party conference in Brighton. It is very late, the early

hours of the morning, and Thatcher continues to work in her hotel suite on


61

important papers as Denis retires next door to bed. There is a sudden explosion

apparently centered on the bedroom and the rooms of the suite disintegrate.

Thatcher is distraught with concern, shouting for Denis who it seems must have

died but he soon re-appears, unhurt and spirit unshaken, ruined shoes in hand (he

had apparently been putting them outside the door to be cleaned and thus avoided

the blast).

The elderly Thatcher now always talks to Denis in the full knowledge that

she is imagining him and he answers in kind, challenging her to make him

disappear. She switches on all manner of domestic appliances, radio, television

and hi fi to drown him out. When we return to where he was sat he has gone.

Stalking the corridors of power Thatcher now seems isolated, glanced at

menacingly by former trusted political friends and murmuring darkly about plots

against her. The end of her political reign seems at hand.

Suffering insomnia, Thatcher begins the herculean task of sorting through

Denis's belongings. By morning it is done, to Carol's amazement when she arrives

later.

In the final scene of the film, Denis pads down the hallway barefoot, the

last pair of shoes now in his hand, stopping at the far end to put them on and

although Thatcher now begs him to stay, walks away telling her she will be all

right.


62

Director : Phyllida Lloyd

Studio : Alliance Films

Producer(s) : Damian Jones

Screenplay : Abi Morgan

Portrayed by : Meryl Streep

Official Site : http://weinsteinco.com/sites/iron-lady/

Posting by : BigJobMan, 2 years ago

Taken from : http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1007029/synopsis


http://www.tribute.ca/people/phyllida-lloyd/19007/27603/

http://weinsteinco.com/sites/iron-lady/

http://www.imdb.com/user/ur2141517/

63

Appendix A

Postfeminism Characteristics Applies in Margaret’s Languages

No Margaret’s Language Time Scene Setting of

Place Context

Postfeminism Characteristics

General

Rejection of

Second Wave

Feminism

Female

Identity

Crisis

Focus on the

Individual

Revival of

Traditional

Femininities

1 How much is the milk?

00:01:41,242

-

00:01:42,802

2

Shop

Old Margaret

going out to

buy some

milks

2 Too much. Much too

much butter.

00:02:35,418

-

00:02:39,108

6

Kitchen

Old Margaret

having

breakfast with

her husband

3 Milk’s gone up.

00:02:46,889

-

00:02:49,080

7

4 49p a pint.

00:02:46,889

-

00:02:49,080

8

5 Eat your egg!

00:03:14,834

-

00:03:16,427

12

6 No no no no. The grey!

00:04:34,318

-

00:04:37,082

23

Bedroom

Old Margaret

are standing in

front of a wide

cupboard and

Denis’ hand

reaches across,

wavering

between

7 Yes. Definitely the grey.

00:04:48,936

-

00:04:51,611

25


64


Place Context


General

Rejection of

Second Wave

Feminism

Female

Identity

Crisis

Focus on the

Individual

Revival of

Traditional

Femininities

jackets of

brown tweed

and grey twill

8 Wear your scarf!

There’s a chill out there.

00:05:46,102

-

00:05:50,831

38

Drawing

Room

Old Margaret

asks Denis to

wear scarf

because the

weather is cold

outside.

9

Silly man.

He hasn’t got his scarf

on.

00:07:32,688

-

00:07:38,344

56

10 I’ll go.

00:08:23,017

-

00:08:23,842

59

Her

Family’s

shop.

1943

Young

Margaret with

her father,

mother, and

her sister are

hiding under

the table

because of air

raid. And her

father asking

for someone to

cover the

butter

11 I’ve got a place at

Oxford.

00:09:30,825

-

00:09:33,098

76

Her

Family’s

shop.

1943

Young

Margaret got a

telegram from

Oxford

University

12 I didn’t know that you 00:11:54,695 100 Drawing Her daughter


65


Place Context


General

Rejection of

Second Wave

Feminism

Female

Identity

Crisis

Focus on the

Individual

Revival of

Traditional

Femininities

were dropping by today,

dear.

-

00:11:59,711

Room Carol came to

visit her (Old

Margaret)

13 Of course. We’re having

halibut.

00:12:11,165

-

00:12:16,526

105

14

We must release a

statement, offering our

condolences.

00:13:03,440

-

00:13:08,311

117

Drawing

Room

Old Margaret

and Carol were

watching

bombing news

on TV

15 We must never, ever,

ever give in to terrorist.

00:13:10,870

-

00:13:15,154

119

16 There was no milk.

00:13:54,667

-

00:13:56,147

126

Bedroom

Carol asks Old

Margaret not

to go out

herself. If she

needs

something, she

can asks one

of house

assistance to

help her

17 I’m not for the knackers

yet.

00:13:59,367

-

00:14:01,558

128

18

If I can’t go out to buy a

milk then what is the

world coming to. Really

Carol, please don’t fush

about it. You’ve always

been like this, fuss fuss

fuss. You must find

something better to do

with your time. It’s most

unattractive in a woman.

When I was your age the

00:14:06,485

-

00:14:36,272

131


66


Place Context


General

Rejection of

Second Wave

Feminism

Female

Identity

Crisis

Focus on the

Individual

Revival of

Traditional

Femininities

last thing I wanted to do

was fuss around my

mother.

19 Oh, yes, to his core. And

Mayor of Grantham.

00:16:33,177

-

00:16:38,088

164

Dining

Room.

1950

Young

Margaret

attends Drinks

Party

20 Yes.

00:16:41,823

-

00:16:42,720

166

21 Oh, yes. It was a family

business.

00:16:42,755

-

00:16:49,210

167

22 That and a degree from

Oxford.

00:16:52,343

-

00:16:54,655

169

23 Whisky

00:17:01,569

-

00:17:03,288

170

24

What I do think is that a

man should be

encouraged to stand on

his own two feet. Yes

we help people of course

we help people. But for

those that can do, they

must just get up and do.

And if something’s

wrong, they shouldn’t

00:17:11,082

-

00:17:32,080

171

Dining

Room

Young

Margaret

expressed her

point of view

among the

party members

about how to

eradicate

poverty


67


Place Context


General

Rejection of

Second Wave

Feminism

Female

Identity

Crisis

Focus on the

Individual

Revival of

Traditional

Femininities

just whine about it, they

should get in there and

DO something about it,

change things.

25

Can serve very well for

the people of Dartford

too.

00:17:35,354

-

00:17:38,191

177

26

I know much more than

those who have never

lived on a limited

income. Just like a man

or woman in the street,

when I’m short one

week, I have to make

economies the next.

00:17:38,959

-

00:17:49,827

179

27

A man might call it

fiscal responsibility, a

woman might call it

good housekeeping.

00:17:53,124

-

00:17:58,907

183

28

Can you do the clasp, I

can’t quite…

Thank you.

00:20:57,152

-

00:21:02,517

217

Dressing

Room

(Margaret

’s house)

Carol helps

Old Margaret

with her shoes

and have some

discussion

about seeing

Margaret’s

Doctor on the

next day.

29 What does Mark think

about it?

00:21:45,627

-

00:21:48,200

227

30

Yes. Tell him to come

up. I want to talk to him

about it.

00:21:53,718

-

00:21:57,293

229


68


Place Context


General

Rejection of

Second Wave

Feminism

Female

Identity

Crisis

Focus on the

Individual

Revival of

Traditional

Femininities

31

Well tell him to come up

and see me after he’s

kissed them good night,

would you Carol

darling?

00:22:06,689

-

00:22:12,478

231

32

You look exhausted,

dear. You really must try

to get some sleep.

Taxis’ll be few and far

between at this hour…

00:23:00,612

-

00:23:19,362

237

33 Good night, dear.

00:23:27,719

-

00:23:29,694

241

34 And proud of being.

00:25:16,257

-

00:25:18,866

258

Town

Hall. 1950

Denis told

Margaret that

as a grocer’s

daughter, the

only way for

her to be in the

parliament is

by being a

moderately

successful

businessman

like Denis.

35

I love you so much

but…. I will never be

one of those women

00:26:09,246

-

00:26:24,140

268

Town

Hall. 1950

Denis Propose

Margaret and

Margaret.


69


Place Context


General

Rejection of

Second Wave

Feminism

Female

Identity

Crisis

Focus on the

Individual

Revival of

Traditional

Femininities

Denis – who stays silent

and pretty in the arm of

her husband. Or remote

and alone in the kitchen

doing the washing up for

that matter.

Margaret asks

Denis’

understanding

on her

ideology.

36

No – one’s life must

matter, Denis. Beyond

the cooking and the

cleaning and the

children, one’s life must

mean more than that – I

cannot die washing up a

tea cup.

I mean it Denis, say you

understand.

00:26:26,583

-

00:26:48,780

273

37

The right honorable

gentleman knows that

we have no choice but to

close the schools!

Because his union

paymasters have called a

strike deliberately to

cripple our economy.

Teachers cannot teach

when there is no heating,

no lighting in their

00:33:05,031

-

00:33:36,988

306

House of

Common

Chamber.

1974

Margaret serve

on Secretary

Of State For

Education, in

front of the

members of

parliament she

decided to

close some of

the schools

because those

schools are


70


Place Context


General

Rejection of

Second Wave

Feminism

Female

Identity

Crisis

Focus on the

Individual

Revival of

Traditional

Femininities

classrooms. And I ask

the honorable

gentleman, whose fault

is that?

considers

unfit.

38

If the right honorable

gentleman could perhaps

attend more closely to

WHAT I am saying,

rather than HOW I am

saying it, he may receive

a valuable education in

spite of himself.

00:33:59,534

-

00:34:13,105

313

House of

Common

Chamber.

1974

The

Opposition

Benches,

rocking in

their seats,

laughing, and

sniggering to

Margaret

because of the

way she

delivered her

speech with

the voice that

increasingly

shrill.

39

Prime Minister, with the

Miners’ leader calling

today for the army to

mutiny in support of the

strikes, this seems the

wrong time for

conciliation.

00:35:47,947

-

00:35:57,971

336

Cabinet

Room.

1974

Cabinet

meeting

discussing

about

possibility for

dialogue with

the miners.

40 I’ve decided. I’m going

to run.

00:38:14,822

-

375

Kitchen.

1974

Suddenly

Margaret told


71


Place Context


General

Rejection of

Second Wave

Feminism

Female

Identity

Crisis

Focus on the

Individual

Revival of

Traditional

Femininities

00:38:18,257 Denis and

Carol that she

is going to run

for the leader

of the party

41

I’m going to run for

Leader of the Party.

00:38:21,471

-

00:38:24,528

377

42

What I’m saying is that

someone must force the

point, say the unsayable.

None of these men have

the guts.

00:38:44,918

-

00:38:54,193

383

Kitchen.

1974

Denis and

Carol are not

agree with her

decision to run

for the leader

of the party.

43

But he’s weak, and he’s

weakened the party. One

must know when to go.

You’re shaking.

00:38:58,731

-

00:39:06,681

386

44

And do you need a rest?

We both know that it’s

highly unlikely that I

would ever be elected

leader, I’ll never be

elected leader. But I will

run. I will run. Just to

nip at their heels and

make them reaffirm the

principles on which the

Conservative Party must

stand. There’s so much

to do.

00:39:21,081

-

00:39:21,081

393


72


Place Context


General

Rejection of

Second Wave

Feminism

Female

Identity

Crisis

Focus on the

Individual

Revival of

Traditional

Femininities

45

Denis, you married

someone who is

committed to public

service, you knew that.

And it is my duty -

00:39:52,327

-

00:39:57,098

401

46

It’s all very well to talk

about changing my

voice, Mr. Reece, but for

some of my colleagues

to imagine me as their

leader would be like

imagining, I don’t know,

being led into battle by

their chambermaid. It’s

my background and my

sex. No matter how I’ve

tried, and I have tried, to

fit in, I will never be

truly one of them.

00:42:03,388

-

00:42:30,088

434

Reece’s

Office.

1975

Margaret,

Reece, and

Airey are

watching

Margaret’s

interview on

Television.

They gave fit

back on

Margaret’s

Interview.

47

Prime minister?! Oh no.

oh no no no. in Britain?

There will be no female

Prime Minister here, not

in my lifetime. No. and I

told Airey, I don’t

expect to win the

leadership, but I am

00:42:56,654

-

00:43:22,211

449

Reece’s

Office.

1975

Reece and

Airey certainly

sure on

Margaret’s

possibility to

be Prime

Minister


73


Place Context


General

Rejection of

Second Wave

Feminism

Female

Identity

Crisis

Focus on the

Individual

Revival of

Traditional

Femininities

going to run. Just to

shake up the party

48

Gentlemen, I am in your

hands. I may be

persuaded to surrender

the hat. But the pearls

were a gift

from my husband on the

birth of our twins and

they are absolutely

non-negotiable.

00:43:51,226

-

00:44:09,203

462

Margaret agree

to leave her

hat and even

her hand bag,

but she reduce

to remove her

pearls

necklace

because it was

her husband’s

gift on their

twins born

day.

49

Really.

How much is a pack of

Lurpak?

01:00:12,544

-

01:00:16,106

674

Drawing

Room.

1980

Margaret

refused the

perception said

that the

government

are out of

touch with the

country.

50

Butter, Francis.

Forty two pence. Anchor

butter is forty pence.

Flora Margarine, still the

cheapest, is thirty eight

pence. I can assure you I

am not out of touch.

What – did you say?

01:00:16,141

-

01:00:37,118

675

51 Don’t try to hide your 01:00:38,288 683 She angry with


74


Place Context


General

Rejection of

Second Wave

Feminism

Female

Identity

Crisis

Focus on the

Individual

Revival of

Traditional

Femininities

opinions. Goodness me,

I’d much rather you

were honest and

straightforward about

them – instead of

continuously and

damagingly leaking

them to the press. Well?

-

01:00:57,517

those who do

not speak out

their opinion

openly but

then speak up

to the mass

media.

52

Gentlemen, if we don’t

cut spending we will be

bankrupt. Yes the

medicine is harsh but the

patient requires it in

order to live. Shall we

withhold the medicine?

No! we are not wrong.

We didn’t seek election

and win in order to

manage the decline of a

great nation.

The people of this

country chose us

because they believe we

can restore the health of

the British economy and

we will do just that!

Barring a failure of

nerve.

01:01:18,272

-

01:02:05,667

695

Drawing

Room.

1980


75


Place Context


General

Rejection of

Second Wave

Feminism

Female

Identity

Crisis

Focus on the

Individual

Revival of

Traditional

Femininities

Anything else?

Thank you. You saved

the day once again,

Crawfie, you’re an

angel.

53

There must be closures

of uneconomic coal

mines; we seek only an

efficient industry.

01:02:59,522

-

01:03:06,747

717

Corridor.

House of

Commons

. 1981

Margaret has

decided to

close some of

the

uneconomical

coal mines.

54

There are those who

would say hold back,

there are those to make

us retreat…

01:03:23,798

-

01:03:29,592

720

55

But we shall never give

in to them. We shall

never waver, not for a

second, in our

determination to see this

country prosper once

again.

01:03:29,627

-

01:03:42,735

722

56

Gentlemen, the

Argentinian Junta –

which is a fascist gang –

has invaded our

sovereign territory. This

cannot be tolerated. May

I make plain my

negotiating position. I

01:09:03,039

-

01:09:32,841

775

Study.

Downing

Street.

1982

Margaret asks

her ministers

and military

men about the

Argentinian’s

invaded to the

Britain

sovereign


76


Place Context


General

Rejection of

Second Wave

Feminism

Female

Identity

Crisis

Focus on the

Individual

Revival of

Traditional

Femininities

will not negotiate with

criminals or thugs. The

Falkland islands belong

to Britain, and I want

them back.

Gentlemen, I need you

to tell me today if that is

possible.

territory.

57

I don’t think we should

worrying about money

at this point, Geoffrey.

01:10:24,614

-

01:10:28,173

795

Study.

Downing

Street.

1982

One of

Margaret’s

cabinet

members:

Geoffrey

Howe said that

the cost of

sending 28.000

men and

hundred ships

for about

twelve

thousands

miles is

crippling

58

The government has

now decided that the

large task force will sail,

as soon as all

preparation are

complete.

01:10:37,744

-

01:10:47,294

799

59

1941, when Japan

attacked Pearl Harbour.

Did America go cap in

hand and ask Tojo for a

peaceful negotiation of

01:11:20,874

-

01:11:49,056

809

Drawing

Room.

1982

Margaret have

a hard

discussion

with General

Haig about


77


Place Context


General

Rejection of

Second Wave

Feminism

Female

Identity

Crisis

Focus on the

Individual

Revival of

Traditional

Femininities

terms? Did she turn her

back on her own citizens

there because the islands

were thousands of miles

from mainland United

States? No, no, no! We

will stand on principle or

we shall not stand at all.

Margaret’s

propose to go

to the war.

General Haig

asks her to

think again

before go to

war, because

the land is

thousands

miles away

with a little

citizens and

insignificant

politically and

economically.

60

With all due respect sir,

I have done battle every

single day of my life,

and many men have

underestimated me

before. This lot seem

bound to do the same

but they will rue the day.

Now, shall I be mother?

01:11:53,692

-

01:12:14,165

817

61

The peace plan? There

will be no appeasement.

This is a war. A war

they started and by God,

we will finish. Shall I

tell you what I’m going

to write to every single

one of these families,

these heartbroken

01:15:03,875

-

01:15:31,191

859

Downing

Street.

1982

Margaret

refuse on

peace plan

proposed by

President

Reagan and

President of

Peru


78


Place Context


General

Rejection of

Second Wave

Feminism

Female

Identity

Crisis

Focus on the

Individual

Revival of

Traditional

Femininities

families? I am going to

tell them that no Britain

soldier will die in vain

for the Falklands.

62

As the only Prime

Minister in the history of

our country who is also

a mother with a son of

my own, I can imagine

your agony, and your

grief.

01:15:37,249

-

01:15:50,356

867

Downing

Street.

1982

Margaret

wrote letter to

the Falkland’s

families who

lost those

family in the

Falkland war.

63

We congratulate the men

and women of the armed

Forces for their skill,

bravery and loyalty to

this country.

01:16:59,593

-

01:17:08,848

880

Downing

Street.

1982

Victory

celebration

after the

Falkland war.

64

We were faced with an

act of unprovoked

aggression and we

responded as we have

responded in times past:

with unity, strength and

courage, sure in the

knowledge that though

much is sacrificed, in the

end, right will prevail

over wrong.

01:17:09,718

-

01:18:08,817

882

House of

Commons

Chamber

Parliamen

t.

1982

Margaret is

fighting with

Michael Foot

from the

Labour

Benches.


79


Place Context


General

Rejection of

Second Wave

Feminism

Female

Identity

Crisis

Focus on the

Individual

Revival of

Traditional

Femininities

And I put it to the

Honorable Member

opposite that this is not a

day for him to carp, find

fault, demand inquiries –

they will happen I can

assure him of that for we

have nothing to hide –

no, this is a day to put

difference aside, hold

one’s head high and take

pride in being British.

65 I don’t agree in any

measure!

01:19:24,688

-

01:19:28,251

900

House of

Commons

Stairway.

1990

Margaret

refuse to be a

members of

European

Union

66 I don’t think the country

is ready for it yet.

01:19:31,877

-

01:19:34,113

902

67

Our policies maybe

unpopular, but they are

the right policies.

01:19:50,936

- 01:19:55,006

909

House of

Commons

.

1990

Discussing

about the tax

that asks

everyone to

pay the same

68

Nonsense. Arrant

nonsense. This is a

simple proposition. In

order to live in this

country, you must pay

01:20:10,078

-

01:22:03,658

915

House of

Commons

.

1990

Discussing

about the tax

that asks

everyone to

pay the same


80


Place Context


General

Rejection of

Second Wave

Feminism

Female

Identity

Crisis

Focus on the

Individual

Revival of

Traditional

Femininities

for the privilege –

something, anything! If

you pay nothing, you

care nothing. What do

you care where you

throw your rubbish?

your council estate is a

mess, your town,

graffiti, what do you

care? It’s not your

problem, it’s somebody

else’s problem - - it’s the

government’s problem!

YOUR problem is, some

of you, is that you

haven’t got the courage

for this fight. You

haven’t had to fight hard

for anything. It’s all

been given to you – and

you feel guilty about it!

Well, may I say, on

behalf of all those who

HAVE had to fight their

way up, (and who don’t

feel guilty about it) we

resent those slackers

who take, take, take, and


81


Place Context


General

Rejection of

Second Wave

Feminism

Female

Identity

Crisis

Focus on the

Individual

Revival of

Traditional

Femininities

contribute nothing to the

community!

(SILENCE)

And I see the same

thing, the same

cowardice in our fight

within the European

Union, to retain British

sovereignty of Britain,

the integrity of the

pound! Some of you

want to make

concessions. I hear some

of you agree with the

latest French proposals.

Well, why don’t you get

on a boat to Calais?

Why don’t you put on a

beret, and pay 85% of

your income to the

French government!

Right. What can we

realistically hope to

achieve by the end of

session, Lord President?

And why have we not


82


Place Context


General

Rejection of

Second Wave

Feminism

Female

Identity

Crisis

Focus on the

Individual

Revival of

Traditional

Femininities

made more progress to

date? What is that? Is

that a timetable? I

haven’t seen that. May I

see it?

69

This is ridiculous. There

are two “T’s” in

“committee”!

This is shameful.

Shameful! I can even

rely on you for a simple

timetable! Are you

unwell? Yes you are

unwell. Give me the

pencil, give it to me!

If this is the best you can

do I had better send you

to hospital, and I shall

do your job as well as

my own and everyone

else’s. Gentlemen.

As the Lord President

has come to cabinet

unprepared, I am obliged

to close this meeting.

01:22:23,618

-

01:23:19,599

952


83


Place Context


General

Rejection of

Second Wave

Feminism

Female

Identity

Crisis

Focus on the

Individual

Revival of

Traditional

Femininities

Good morning!

70 I am the Prime Minister.

01:28:54,465

-

01:28:56,366

1025

Downing

Street.

1990

Margaret

Watching

evening news

about formal

announce of

Howe’s

resignation.

71

I offer my resignation

after eleven and a half

extraordinary years..

01:29:31,930

-

01:29:37,846

1035

Study.

Downing

Street

Margaret’s

Resignation

time

72

Proud to have left

Britain in a much better

state than when we took

office.

01:29:38,819

-

01:29:44,446

1037

Corridor.

Downing

Street.

1990

Margaret’s

expression in

front of all the

staff before

she leave

Downing

Street

73

All those years of taking

the tough decisions, does

any of it matter now?

01:31:12,851

-

01:31:19,226

1045

Bedroom.

Chester

Square

Denis

responded on

Margaret’s

doubt about all

her action

during her

serve as Prime

Minister.

74 These inept placatory.

01:31:25,864

-

01:31:30,626

1050

75 Vacillators! Poll takers.

01:31:30,661

-

01:31:34,562

1051


84


Place Context


General

Rejection of

Second Wave

Feminism

Female

Identity

Crisis

Focus on the

Individual

Revival of

Traditional

Femininities

76 So busy taking the pulse

of the public!

01:31:34,597

-

01:31:37,513

1052

77

Don’t they know if you

take the tough decisions,

yes people will hate you

today but they’ll thank

you for generations.

01:31:46,655

-

01:31:56,647

1056

Bedroom.

Chester

Square

Margaret over

the reasons for

all her busy

which is

consider as

popularity

seekers by

Denis

78

All I wanted was to

make difference in the

world.

01:32:19,288

-

01:32:23,153

1059

79

All I wanted was for my

children to grow up well

and be happy – happier

than I was certainly.

And I wanted you to be

happy of course. Were

you happy, Denis? Tell

me the truth.

01:32:33,622

-

01:33:08,638

1061

TOTAL 21

Occurrences

3

Occurrences

36

Occurrences

26

Occurrences


85

Appendix B

Types of People Reactions on Margaret’s decisions

N

o

People

Reaction Time Scene Setting Context

Types of Reaction

Internal Reaction

Mass Media

External Reaction


Party

Wide

Rebellion

Action

1

CAROL'S utter

disappointment

on seeing she

has lost

MARGARET

already.

CAROL:

Silly me!

CAROL storms

out of the

kitchen.

00:38:30,053

-

00:38:31,834

378

Kitchen.

Flood

Street.

1974

Carol’s

response

on

Margaret’s

decisions

to run for

the leader

of the

party

2

DENIS

You're

insufferable,

Margaret, do

you know that?

00:39:52,188

-

00:39:49,868

400

Kitchen.

Flood

Street.

1974

Denis’

response

on

Margaret’s

decisions

to run for

the leader

of the

3

MARGARET

Denis, you

married

someone who is

committed to

public service,

you knew that.


86

N

o

People


Types of Reaction

Internal Reaction

Mass Media

External Reaction


Party

Wide

Rebellion

Action

And it is my

duty

party

4

DENIS

Don't call it

duty. It's

ambition which

has got you this

far. Ambition.

And the rest of

us, me, the

children, we can

all go to hell!

Don't worry

about me, I'll be

fine!

00:39:58,392

-

00:40:13,248

402

5

FOOT

Can the Right

Honourable

Lady deny, that

having brought

about the

highest level of

unemployment

since 1934-

The biggest fall

in total output in

steel and coal

production in

one year since

00:58:35,748

-

00:59:16,387

645

House of

Commons

Chambers

1980

The leader

of Labor

Outrage on

speech.


87

N

o

People


Types of Reaction

Internal Reaction

Mass Media

External Reaction


Party

Wide

Rebellion

Action

1931. And the

biggest collapse

in industrial

production since

1921.

Can she also

accept that her

free market

economics

designed to

create a

growing middle

class ensures

that the rich get

richer and the

poor are

irrelevant!

6

PROTESTORS:

Out... Out...

Out...

Maggie...

Maggie...

Maggie.

Out...out... out

00:59:16,422

-

00:59:27,302

655

On the

Street.

London.

1981

People

protest on

free

market

strategy

7

PROTESTOR

1:

You're supposed

to be a mother!

You're not a

mother, you're a


88

N

o

People


Types of Reaction

Internal Reaction

Mass Media

External Reaction


Party

Wide

Rebellion

Action

monster! You're

a monster!

8

PYM:

Well, people

can't pay their

mortgages.

01:00:58,038

-

01:01:00,327

688

Drawing

Room.

1980

The

members

of her

cabinet

discussing

about the

closures of

some of

the miners

because of

free

market

strategy

9

GILMOUR:

The

manufacturing

industry is

practically on

its knees.

01:01:00,362

-

01:01:02,669

689

10

PYM :

Honest, hard-

working, decent

people are

losing their

homes. It's

terribly

shameful.

01:01:02,704

-

01:01:06,169

690

11

GILMOUR:

The point is,

Prime Minister,

that we must

moderate the

pace.

01:01:07,461

-

01:01:10,015

692

12 (ARCHIVE

FOOTAGE):

Rioting in

Downing

Street.

Miners

protest’s


89

N

o

People


Types of Reaction

Internal Reaction

Mass Media

External Reaction


Party

Wide

Rebellion

Action

Brixton,

burning cars,

huge civil

unrest

1980 on the

governmen

t police of

Laborer’s

Block 13

(ARCHIVE

FOOTAGE):

Protest marches,

`People's March

for Jobs', `No

pit closures"

14

(ARCHIVE

FOOTAGE):

Violent clashes

between

protesting

miners and

police.

15

MINER'S WIFE

(V.O.):

The miners are

being starved

back to work,

the need is

desperate!

16

NEWS

READER

(V.O.):

A car bomb has

exploded

outside Harrods

department

London.

1984

Several

bombs are

exploded

on the day


90

N

o

People


Types of Reaction

Internal Reaction

Mass Media

External Reaction


Party

Wide

Rebellion

Action

store, killing six

people and

injuring 71.

Conservati

ve Party

Conferenc

e.

17

NEWS

READER 2

(V.O.):

Eleven soldiers

died today when

two bombs were

detonated

during military

parades in Hyde

Park and

Regent’s Park.

Seven horses

also died in the

blasts.

18

NEWS

READER 3

(V.O.):

The IRA have

claimed

responsibility.

19

MARGARET

peering out, a

sea of union

jacks and

bunting. Cheers,

the street lined

as the car pulls

into Downing

Downing

Street.

1982

Victory of

Falkland

war

celebration


91

N

o

People


Types of Reaction

Internal Reaction

Mass Media

External Reaction


Party

Wide

Rebellion

Action

Street-

The blur of

noise, cheering,

jostling banners

THEN the

shroud of black

uniforms

suddenly

encasing the

car, blocking

out the light-

20

A

CACOPHONY

of CHEERS,

APPLAUSE,

just audible far

off, as

MARGARET

steps out into

the street, the

CAMERA

follows her out

peering up.

21

Newspaper

Headlines:

PROFITS,

PROFITS,

PROFITS!

BOOMING

BUSINESS!

Ballroom.

White

House.

1981


92

N

o

People


Types of Reaction

Internal Reaction

Mass Media

External Reaction


Party

Wide

Rebellion

Action

MAGGIE'S

MILLIONAIRE

S!

22

GEOFFREY

HOWE:

But Prime

Minister the

question of the

European single

currency will

come up.

01:19:28,286

-

01:19:31,842

901

House Of

Commons

stairway.

1990

Margaret

and

Geoffrey

discuss on

European

Union

23

GEOFFREY

HOWE:

But we cannot

bury our heads

in the sand...

01:19:34,148

-

01:19:36,774

903

24

NEWS

JOURNALIST

(V.O.):

A lot of

Conservative

MP's and

Ministers are

saying that there

must be a

change in that

style of

management.

That Mrs

Thatcher must

House of

Commons

Hallway.

1990

Margaret

and her

cabinet

discussing

about

equally tax

treatment

for every

citizens


93

N

o

People


Types of Reaction

Internal Reaction

Mass Media

External Reaction


Party

Wide

Rebellion

Action

listen more, and

on occasion,

give in.

25

PYM (O.S.):

The point is,

Prime Minister,

I don't think we

can sell the idea

of a tax that

asks everyone

to pay the same.

01:19:44,713

-

01:19:50,902

907

26

MINISTER 1

(V.O.):

Prime Minister I

just don't think

we can ask the

poorest of the

poor to pay the

same amount of

tax as a multi-

millionaire.

01:19:55,041

-

01:20:01,495

910

27

MINISTER 2:

Because

people... on the

whole...think

that the tax is

manifestly

unfair.

01:20:05,107

-

01:20:10,043

914


94

N

o

People


Types of Reaction

Internal Reaction

Mass Media

External Reaction


Party

Wide

Rebellion

Action

28

(ARCHIVE

FOOTAGE) A

HUGE

MACABRE

PAPIER-

MACHE

THATCHER

HEAD,

grimacing with

one eyeball

blinded and the

other detached

and hanging

bloody on a

cheek.

ANGRY

CROWD(chanti

ng)

Can't pay, won't

pay!

Can't pay,won't

pay!

Can't pay, won't

pay!

01:24:12,194

-

01:24:15,930

964

Downing

Street.

London.

1990

People

Protest on

high tax by

the

governmen

t

29

ANGRY

PROTESTORS

slapping the

glass as they

pass, the sense

of the car being

Downing

Street.

London.

1990

People

protest on

high tax

for every


95

N

o

People


Types of Reaction

Internal Reaction

Mass Media

External Reaction


Party

Wide

Rebellion

Action

attacked. The

smear of

smashed egg

against the

window screen.

PROTESTORS:

Out... Out...

Out...

citizens

30

(ARCHIVE

FOOTAGE):

Relentless

images of

violence over

this. Mass riots.

PROTESTORS

charging

POLICE

LINES.

POLICE on

HORSEBACK

trying to force

the

PROTESTORS

back.

One of them - a

GIRL - caught

out, goes down

with her

placard, and is

trampled

Trafalgar

Square.

London.

1990


96

N

o

People


Types of Reaction

Internal Reaction

Mass Media

External Reaction


Party

Wide

Rebellion

Action

beneath the

horses' hooves,

horribly.

RIOTERS with

blood streaming

down their

faces.

Banners –

DEATH TO

MAGGIE.

OFF WITH

HER HEAD.

31

PROTESTORS:

Maggie...

Maggie...

Maggie.

Out...out...

out!!!.

With a

WHOOSH of

flames the north

side of

Piccadilly

Circus goes up

in flames.

Smoke and

blood and fire

everywhere.


97

N

o

People


Types of Reaction

Internal Reaction

Mass Media

External Reaction


Party

Wide

Rebellion

Action

32

GEOFFREY:

My letter of

resignation.

Our differences,

I'm afraid,

cannot be

reconciled.

I have done

what I believe

to be right for

my party and

my country. The

time has come

for others to

consider their

own response to

the tragic

conflict of

loyalties with

which I have

myself wrestled

for perhaps too

long.

01:24:54,560

-

01:25:34,743

966

Downing

Street.

Office.

1990

One of her

very loyal

members;

Geoffrey

Howe

resign

from the

cabinet

because of

the

difference

point of

view

between

Margaret

and Howe

33 HESELTINE

ON TV:

01:25:52,369

-

978 Downing

Street.

One of her

ministers;


98

N

o

People


Types of Reaction

Internal Reaction

Mass Media

External Reaction


Party

Wide

Rebellion

Action

I'm here to

announce my

decision to put

my name

forward as

leader of the

Conservative

party. I have

nothing but

admiration for

our Prime

Minister,

Margaret

Thatcher, but I

believe our

party and our

country need a

new leader.

01:26:11,324 1990 Heseltine

put his

name as

Margaret’s

rival as a

leader of

Conservati

ve Party

34

MINISTER 1:

We will never

win another

election led by

that woman.

01:27:49,093

-

01:27:53,169

1008

Dining

Room.

Chester

Square

35

MINISTER 2:

We need a

leader who

listens.

01:27:53,204

-

01:27:54,929

1009

36 MINISTER 3:

This isn't about

her, it's about

01:27:54,964

-

1010


99

N

o

People


Types of Reaction

Internal Reaction

Mass Media

External Reaction


Party

Wide

Rebellion

Action

the party. 01:27:56,971

37 MINISTER 4:

One must know

when to go.

01:27:57,006

-

01:27:58,927

1011

38

MINISTER 1:

The question is,

how does

anyone put it to

her?

01:27:58,962

-

01:28:01,359

1012

Drawing

Room.

Chester

Square

The signal

of her

ministers

that they

do not

want her to

lead the

party

anymore

39

MINISTER 2 :

If you were to

stand, I of

course would

vote for you

Prime Minister-

- of course

would vote for

you Prime

Minister but I

don't think you

can win.

01:28:02,600

-

01:28:12,831

1013

40

Minister 3:

The loyalty of

my colleagues

cannot be

counted upon.

01:28:10,123

-

01:28:12,831

1015

41 Speaker (v.o.):

Order! Order!

House of Margaret


100

N

o

People


Types of Reaction

Internal Reaction

Mass Media

External Reaction


Party

Wide

Rebellion

Action

42

Northern Voice

(v.o.):

This is a naked

strategy of

closing some

coal mines and

then selling off

Commons sits alone

on the

front

bench,

while a

stream of

voices

from the

past came

through.

43

Irish Voice

(v.o.):

This is the

woman who's

watched ten

men on hunger

strike starve

themselves to

death and never

flinched!

44

Male Voice

(v.o.):

Cynical

Falklands war

45

Minister (v.o.):

More

homeowners,

more

shareholders,

more savings -

46 Popularity

seekers

Bedroom.

Chester

Denis’

reacts on


101

N

o

People


Types of Reaction

Internal Reaction

Mass Media

External Reaction


Party

Wide

Rebellion

Action

Square Margaret’s

hesitation

on all her

actions for

years.

TOTAL 6

Occurrences

21

Occurrences

40

Occurrences

15

Occurrences

19

Occurrences

3

occurrences

9

Occurrences


102

Appendix C

Motivation Words that Affect Margaret’s Political Action and Decision.

N

o Types of Words/Language Time

The Person Who give

the word/language

When the

words/language

was given

1 We on this island are strong.

We're self-reliant.

Sometimes we're plain bloody

minded.

But we also believe in helping

each other.

And I don't mean by state hand-

outs...

Alfred Roberts

(Margaret’s Father)

Grantham 1943

2 Never run with the crowd,

Margaret.

Go your own way.

00:09:15,753

-

00:09:19,323

Alfred Roberts

3 Don't let me down Margaret.

‘’

4 We on this island are strong.

We're self-reliant. Napoleon

called us a nation of

shopkeepers.

‘’ Town Hall.1949

5 He meant it as an insult but to

me it's a compliment. That's why

he couldn't beat us, and that's

why Hitler can't beat us.

We Conservatives believe in

giving people the freedom and

opportunity to fulfil their own

potential,especially the young.

There's no good in pretending

we're all equal, we're not all the

same, never have been, never

will be. We should encourage

our children to aspire to achieve

more than we have, for our

children today will be the

leaders of tomorrow.

6 Respectfully, Margaret, I

disagree. If you want to change

this party, lead it. If you want

To change the country, lead it.

What we're talking about here

today is surface. What's crucial

is that you hold your course, and

Airey Neave Reece’s Office.

London.

1975


103

N

o Types of Words/Language Time

The Person Who give

the word/language

When the

words/language

was given

stay true to who you are. Never

be anything other than yourself.

7 Give `em hell!

You look magnificent. Next stop

Prime Minister.

“ Backstage.

Conference

Hall.Brighton.1979


104

Appendix D

Underestimated Words on Margaret’s Background and Gender

No Types of Words/Languages The Person Who Give

The Words/Languages

When the

Words/Languages was

given

1 Margaret, do you want to come to the

pictures?

Pretty young woman 1 Grantham. Street. 1943

2 She can't come, she's got to study.

Miss Hoity Toity!

Pretty young woman 1

3 So was your father a political

man, too, Miss Roberts?

And a grocer as well!

Portly Host Dining

Room.Dartford.1949.

When she attends

Cabinet’s Dinner

4 And did you help, err, in the...shop?

Hostess ‘’

5 A very good starting point for the

political life, I'm sure.

Grey Suited Man ‘’

6 I'm not sure a home economics

lesson is quite what the Dartford

constituents need. They see industry

being nationalized, the unions on the

up, the pound on the slide...whoever

can sort that lot out - he's my man.

Male Guest ‘’

7 So, Margaret, how would you have

dealt with this if you'd been Prime

Minister?

Michael Dining Room. Chester

Square.London

8 Methinks the Right Honourable lady

doth screech to much. If she wants us to

take her seriously she must learn to

calm down!

Shadow Minister House of Commons

Chamber.1974
