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THDC INDIA LIMITED

Environmental Studies for Vishnugad Pipalkoti Hydro Electric Project

Final Report

Environmental Management Plan (EMP)(Volume – II)

November 2009

CONSULTING ENGINEERING SERVICES ( INDIA ) PRIVATE LIMITED57, Manjusha Building (5th Floor), Nehru Place New Delhi - 110 019

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E2246 v2

Project : Environmental Studies for Vishnugad Pipalkoti Hydro-Electric Project Page:1 Document : 2008026/EC/Final Report Date: Nov 2009 Table of Contents Revision: R4

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Volume – II 4.0 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) ................................................................... 1 to 135 4.1 Objective of the EMP ...................................................................................................4-2 4.2 Environmental Management process ...........................................................................4-2 4.3 Institutional & Implementation Arrangement ................................................................4-3 4.3.1 Activities within Project Area.............................................................................4-3 4.3.2 Activities in the Project Influence Area .............................................................4-5 4.3.3 Activities in the Catchment ..............................................................................4-6 4.4 Biodiversity Management..............................................................................................4-9 4.4.1 Conservation Plan of Project Influence Area ....................................................4-9 4.4.2 Conservation Plan of Project Affected Area ...................................................4-10 4.4.3 Compensatory Afforestation Plan ...................................................................4-11 4.4.4 Budget for Biodiversity Management..............................................................4-12 4.5 Catchment Area Treatment Plan ................................................................................4-13 4.5.1 Need for Catchment Area Treatment..............................................................4-13 4.5.2 Project area in the CAT Plan ..........................................................................4-13 4.5.3 Objective of the CAT Plan ..............................................................................4-14 4.5.4 Plantation in the Reserved Forest Areas ........................................................4-16 4.5.5 Plantation in the Civil Soyam and Van Panchayat Areas ...............................4-16 4.5.6 Drainage Line Treatment & Soil Conservation Work ......................................4-17 4.5.7 Wildlife/ Biodiversity Protection Works ...........................................................4-17 4.5.8 Responsibility of Forest Department.............................................................. 4-18 4.5.9 Responsibility of THDC ..................................................................................4-19 4.5.10 Financial Provision for CAT Plan ....................................................................4-19 4.5.11 Agencies involved in the Implementation of the Plan .....................................4-20 4.6 Muck Disposal Management Plan ..............................................................................4-22 4.6.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................4-22 4.6.2 Excavation of Muck and its Disposal ..............................................................4-22 4.6.3 Muck Disposal Sites .......................................................................................4-23 4.6.4 Conclusion......................................................................................................4-26 4.6.5 Planning & Management of Muck Disposal ....................................................4-29 4.6.6 Budget ...........................................................................................................4-32 4.6.7 Recommendations .........................................................................................4-33 4.7 Fish Management Plan...............................................................................................4-33 4.7.1 Characteristics of Endangered Fish................................................................4-33 4.7.2 Sustenance of Fisheries .................................................................................4-33 4.7.3 Management Measures..................................................................................4-33 4.7.4 Proposed Budget for Fish Management .........................................................4-35 4.7.5 Recommendations..........................................................................................4-36 4.8 Greenbelt Development Plan.....................................................................................4-37


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Volume – II 4.8.1 Species Suggested for Plantation ..................................................................4-37 4.8.2 Precautionary Measures.................................................................................4-38 4.8.3 Budget for Greenbelt Development Plan ........................................................4-38 4.9 Soil Erosion & Sediment Control.................................................................................4-40 4.10 Quarry & Borrow Area Management...........................................................................4-41 4.11 Solid Waste Management...........................................................................................4-43 4.12 Management Measures for Road Construction ..........................................................4-45 4.13 Construction Camp & Construction Workers ..............................................................4-50 4.13.1 Sanitation Facilities.........................................................................................4-50 4.13.2 Provision of Fuel.............................................................................................4-51 4.13.3 Other Facilities................................................................................................4-51 4.14 Public Health Delivery System....................................................................................4-52 4.14.1 Development of Medical Facilities ..................................................................4-52 4.14.2 Proposed Health Facilities at Construction Sites & Labour Camp ..................4-52 4.14.3 Health Extension Activities .............................................................................4-53 4.14.4 Budget for Public Health Delivery System ......................................................4-53 4.15 Responsibility Matrix ...................................................................................................4-55 4.16 Environmental Monitoring Plan ..................................................................................4-75 4.16.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................4-75 4.16.2 Water Quality .................................................................................................4-75 4.16.3 Ambient Air Quality & Meteorology.................................................................4-76 4.16.4 Noise ..............................................................................................................4-77 4.16.5 Ecology...........................................................................................................4-77 4.16.6 Soil Erosion & Siltation ...................................................................................4-77 4.16.7 Incidence of Water Related Diseases.............................................................4-78 4.16.8 Land Use ........................................................................................................4-78 4.16.9 Environmental Monitoring Budget...................................................................4-79 4.16.10 Adaptive Environmental Management Requirement .....................................4-80 4.17 Good Practices ...........................................................................................................4-82 4.17.1 Landscaping & Re-vegetation.........................................................................4-82 4.17.2 Vegetation Clearing ........................................................................................4-82 4.17.3 Loading & Removal of Waste Forestry Products ............................................4-83 4.17.4 Storage, Handling & Emergency Response for Hazardous Chemical ......................................................................................4-84 4.17.5 Emission & Dust Control.................................................................................4-86 4.17.6 Environmental Training for Construction Workers ..........................................4-86 4.17.7 On-site Traffic & Access Management ...........................................................4-87 4.17.8 HIV/AIDS Prevention Measures .....................................................................4-88 4.18 Capacity Building of THDC .........................................................................................4-89 4.18.1 Environmental Management measures taken by THDC..................................4-89 4.18.2 ISO 14001 Environment Management System ................................................4-90 4.18.3 OHSAS 18001..................................................................................................4-98


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Volume – II 4.18.4 Safety Manual of THDC....................................................................................4-98 4.18.5 Corporate Social Responsibility......................................................................4-104 4.18.6 Disaster Management Plan ............................................................................4-107 4.18.7 Adaptive Capacity Development ....................................................................4-112 4.18.8 Institutional Setup and Capacity Building .......................................................4-115 4.18.9 Training for Environmental Staff .....................................................................4-123 4.18.10 Budget for Capacity Building ........................................................................4-130 4.18.11 Lesson Learnt by THDC ..............................................................................4-1334.19 Budget for Implementation of EMP.....................................................................................4-135

LIST OF ANNEXES Annex-4.15.1 Forms for Environmental Management Plan

Annex-4-18.1 ISO 14001:2004 Requirements

Annex-4-18.2 Organizational Setup of THDC

Annex-4-18.3 Details of Training Program attended by VPHEP Staff

Annex-4.19.1 EMP Implementation Schedule


LIST OF TABLES

Table-4.4.1 Species Suggested for Plantation under Compensatory Afforestation Plan Table-4.4.2 Year wise Budget for Biodiversity Management Table-4.5.1 Land Use Classification in Revised Catchment Area Treatment Plan (in Ha) Table-4.5.2 Financial Provision for Eco-restoration Table-4.5.3 Year wise Financial Target for Ecorestoration Table-4.6.1 Capacity and Location of Disposal Area Table-4.6.2 Budget for Implementation of Muck Disposal Plan Table 4.7.1 Components for Hatchery Development for VPHEP Table 4.7.2 Proposed budget by Dept of Fisheries, Govt. of Uttarakhand Table 4.7.3 Budget for Fish Management Table-4.8.1 Species Suggested for Plantation under Greenbelt Development Plan Table-4.8.2 Budget for Greenbelt Development Plan Table-4.10.1 Species Suggested for Slope Stabilization Table-4.10.2 Cost Estimate for Restoration of Quarry Sites Table-4.11.1 Budget for Solid Waste Management Table-4.12.1 Budget for Implementation of EMP Measures for Road Construction Table-4.13.1 Budget for Sanitary Facilities for Labour Camps Table-4.13.2 Cost Estimate for LPG Distribution Table-4.13.3 Cost Estimate for Kerosene Distribution Table-4.14.1 Budget for Public Health Delivery System Table-4.15.1 Environmental Management Measures & Responsibilities - Pre-construction Stage Table-4.15.2 Environmental Management Measures & Responsibilities - Construction Stage Table-4.15.3 Environmental Management Measures & Responsibilities – Operation Stage Table-4.16.1 Summary of Environmental Monitoring Programme during Construction Phase Table-4.16.2 Summary of Environmental Monitoring Programme during Operation Phase Table-4.16.3 Budget for Environmental Monitoring Programme Table 4.17.1 Responsibility for AIDS/HIV Protection Table-4.18.1 Water Depth and Spread Downstream of Dam in the event of Dam Break Table-4.18.2 List of Villages which will be affected in case of Dam Failure Table 4.18.3 Budget for Adaptive Capacity Development Table-4.18.4 Projects under THDC within India Table-4.18.5 Overseas Projects under THDC Table-4.18.6 Comparative Strength of THDC with National & International Hydropower

Companies Table-4.18.7 Qualification of Environmental Staff in the five units in Corporate Division in S&E

Department Table-4.18.8 Future Environmental Manpower required for various Projects Table-4.18.9 Trainings Identified for Environmental Management Table-4.18.10 List of the Power Sector Training Institutes Recognized by CEA Table-4.18.11 Training Institutions that can be contacted for Capacity Building Table-4.18.12 Year wise Estimate for Environmental Training Table-4.18.13 Proposed Tentative Capacity Building Budget for VPHEP Table-4.18.14 Tentative Estimate for Environmental Training Table-4.19.1 Summary of EMP Budget

Environmental Management Plan

44.1 Objective of the EMP ..................................................................................2 4.2 Environmental Management Process.......................................................2 4.3 Institutional & Implementation Arrangement .....................................3 4.4 Biodiversity Management..........................................................................9 4.5 Catchment Area Treatment Plan ............................................................13 4.6 Muck Disposal Management Plan..........................................................22 4.7 Fish Management Plan .............................................................................33 4.8 Greenbelt Development Plan...................................................................37 4.9 Soil Erosion & Sediment Control............................................................40 4.10 Quarry & Borrow Area Management.....................................................41 4.11 Solid Waste Management ........................................................................43 4.12 Management Measures for Road Construction....................................45 4.13 Construction Camp & Construction Workers ......................................50 4.14 Public Health Delivery System ...............................................................52 4.15 Responsibility Matrix...............................................................................55 4.16 Environmental Monitoring Plan.............................................................76 4.17 Good Practices ...........................................................................................82 4.18 Capacity Building of THDC.....................................................................89 4.19 Budget for Implementation of EMP ....................................................135

Environment & Ecology Department

Project : Environmental Studies for Vishnugad Pipalkoti Hydro-Electric Project Page:2 Document : 2008026/EC/Final Report Date: Nov 2009 Chapter-4 : Environmental Management Plan Revision: R4

4.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE EMP

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is the key to ensure a safe and clean environment. The desired results from the environmental mitigation measures proposed in the project may not be obtained without a management plan to assure its proper implementation & function. The EMP envisages the plans for the proper implementation of mitigation measures to reduce the adverse impacts arising out of the project activities during pre-construction, construction and operation stage. EMP has been prepared addressing the issues like:

Institutional and Implementation Arrangement Biodiversity Management Catchment Area Treatment Plan Muck Disposal Management Plan Fishery Management Plan Greenbelt Development Plan Soil Erosion and Sediment Control Quarry and Borrow Area Management Solid Waste Management Management Measures for Road Construction Construction Camp & Construction Workers Public Health Delivery System Environmental Monitoring Plan Improving Environmental Management Capacity of THDC ISO 14001 Management System EMP Budget

4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROCESS

For environmental management, the typical management principles of ISO 14000 can be used in setting objectives & targets and providing a framework for review and continual improvement. The environmental management process consists of:

Review & Improvement

Checking & Corrective Action

Continual Improvement

Implementation

Planning

Environmental Policy

Figure-4.1 Environmental Management Process


Defining an environmental policy Developing plans for environmental management Implementation of the EMP Monitoring the EMP & incorporating corrective action Review of the policy, EMP and improvement

4.3 INSTITUTIONAL & IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENT 4.3.1 Activities within Project Area

THDC has a Social and Environmental Department at Corporate level to take care of environmental and social aspects. It is proposed to form an Environmental Management Cell (EMC) at project level for VPHEP. The EMC will handle all issues related to different environmental attributes, it will be responsible for overall environmental and social management in project being undertaken by THDC from investigation level to execution at project level. The activities within project area having major impact on environment will be land acquisition, felling of trees, clearing of land for construction work, establishing of construction camps, construction of project facilities and Operation of the project on completion of work Implementation of management measures for impacts related to forest and tree felling is the joint responsibility of THDC and State Forest Department. Compensatory Afforestation Plan (CAP) will be implemented by State Forest Department. Muck / Quarry Area Redevelopment Plan, Avenue Plantation and Landscaping will be implemented by THDC. Implementation of management measures for construction and operation phase of the project is responsibility of project Contractors and THDC respectively. Wherever contractors are involved, they will be responsible to implement mitigation measures and THDC will monitor the implementation program. THDC Environment Management Cell (EMC) The EMC of THDC will be responsible for the technical planning, implementation and monitoring of all environmental mitigation and compensation measures under THDC’s responsibility outlined in EMP. The EMC will monitor mitigation measures that will be implemented by Contractor to ensure compliance with Constructor’s Contract (CC). The EMC will work closely with the State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) and MoEF, as appropriate. EMC will prepare regular reports for submission to SPCB and MoEF. The reports will address the following items:


Progress made to implement the environmental mitigation measures in

compliance with EMP and the CC. Schedule of implementation of environmental mitigation measures Difficulties with implementing the environmental mitigation measures and

recommendation to solve the problems Any aspect that does not conform to the environmental mitigation measures

and proposed remedial measures. Prior to the start of construction, the EMC will ensure the following:

The relevant environmental mitigation measures are reflected in the project contract

Discussion with the government authorities participating in the project to develop procedures for inter-agency coordination and reporting

Construction phase activities include appropriate environmental monitoring During the construction and the operating phases, THDC, through the EMC, will be responsible for Implementing and monitoring environmental mitigation measures. The management of environment concern will include:

Developing and implementing the monitoring programs; Managing the subcontracts for specialist studies to ensure their performance Liaising and cooperating with the government authorities Preparing work and cost schedules for the monitoring programs Conducting appropriate testing to ensure that the environmental mitigation

measures are effective Arranging for reporting of the results of the monitoring programs Maintaining records for reporting to SPCB and MoEF Conducting internal and external audits to ensure compliance with the EMP

and the procedures of THDC, The Construction Contractors The contractor will be responsible for implementation of measures to avoid or minimize environmental impacts during construction period. These will include protection measures relating to:

Meeting effluent standards before discharging into surface water Managing waste at construction sites Location of construction camps at proper place - away from Forest Area and

Settlements Arrange fuel for the construction camp – no tree cutting for fuel and hut

making for the camp Manage erosion and sedimentation in construction area Managing onsite traffic- provide diversion signs/flags/guard along approach

road


Control noise emissions Control dust and fugitive emission. Managing, preventing and developing emergency plans for chemical

pollution incidents. Implementing a health program for all persons engaged in undertaking

construction works. The contract between THDC and the Construction Contractor must include the Contractor’s obligations for undertaking measures to minimize and/or to mitigate impacts on the existing environment and social components. The constructions contractor’s contract must cover all the protection measures listed above and will be required to contain an over view of the project impacts that the contractor’s work will have on the physical, biological and social environment and including:

Details of environment control to be implemented in accordance with the requirements of the Constructor’s Contract.

Statutory requirements including approvals and licenses Location of environmental control works Timing of environmental control activities Assignment of responsibility to implement, maintain, asses and monitor each

environmental control Procedures and instructions to implement, maintain, asses and monitor each

environmental control Reporting procedures Emergency procedures Corrective action requirement and verification.

State Forest Department State Forest Department has an important role in the sustainable development of the project. It will be responsible for

Implementing Catchment Area Treatment (CAT) plan Implementing Compensatory Afforestation Plan Wildlife Conservation Program Develop Herbal Garden in consultation with State Medicinal Plant Board

(SMPB) Facilitate and guide Van Panchayats.

4.3.2 Activities in the Project Influence Area

The project influence area consists of the 7km from the project sites. The activities which are involved in the project influence area are:

Biodiversity Management Catchment Area Treatment (CAT) Plan Compensatory Afforestation Wild Life Management


Awareness program Income Generation Activities Managed River Flow Enhancement of cultural properties Control of communicable diseases

Biodiversity Management will be joint responsibility of THDC and State Forest Department. Catchment Area Treatment (CAT) Plan, Compensatory Afforestation and Wild Life Management will be implemented by State Forest Department. THDC will be responsible to undertake environmental awareness program in the area involving Van Panchayats, Gram Panchayats, schools and Mahila Mangal Dals (women’s group). Income Generation Activities, Managed River Flow responsibility and enhancement of cultural properties will be the responsibility of TDHC. THDC may also support research, documentation and monitoring program of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve. THDC will be responsible to organize health camp and periodic checkup in the project area in consultation with Public Health Centre (PHC) The large influx of labourers the project during construction & operational phases will be a major problem and requires monitoring – District Administration will maintain record of the same as the area is sensitive with respective national security. Van Panchayats The Van Panchayat is an important institute in the area and may be involved to carry following activities:

Protection of plantation sites in the project area Cultivation of Herbal species Develop nurseries for Plantation under the Project area

4.3.3 Activities in the Catchment

All the prescribed works in the CAT plan will be executed on the basis of annual approval received from Conservator of Forests, Garhwal circle Pauri and Conservator of Forests/ Director Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Gopeshwar on Annual Work Plan (AWP) prepared by the concerned Divisional Forest Officers. AWP will be submitted by the concerned DFOs to D.F.O, Badrinath Forest division, Gopeshwar who will work as Nodal Officer among all the divisions.


Revenue Department and Forest Department will work in tandem to follow the institutional process of Village Forest Panchayat (VFP). A clear understanding will also be reached with the line departments and other agencies through coordination with District Administration to prevent duplicity of works. Plantation will be carried by Forest Department. Forest department will ensure the participation of the local community. A large area of Civil Soyam and Van Panchayat falls with in catchment area. The plantation works will be done by Nanda Devi National Park, Kedarnath Wildlife Forest Division, Alaknanda Soil Conservation Division and Badrinath Forest Division. Maintenance of the plantation in Vanpanchayat area will be done by the respective village Panchayats. Van Panchayats will be also involved in protection of forests against fire. Plantation of medicinal plants will be also undertaken by Forest Department Soil conservation works will be carried by Forest Department and local communities and will maintain the same. Engineering works pertaining to landslide control will be executed by Forest Department with the help of expert agency who has the local engineering expertise for such treatments. This expert agency will be identified by the nodal officer, DFO Badrinath Forest Division under the guidance of Conservator of Forest (CF), Garhwal circle and Director/CF Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve (NDBR). The Nanda Devi National Park, Kedarnath Wildlife Forest Division, Alaknanda Soil Conservation and Badrinath Forest Division will be involved in Wildlife Management works. Arms training and tranquilizer gun training will be given to the Forest staff through Uttarakhand Police and Wildlife Institute of India. Patrolling team will be formed involving local youths, Panchayat members, Ex-servicemen for wildlife management under the DFOs of the concerned Forest Divisions. Village Van Panchayat (VP) will work for Eco-development and conservation oriented livelihood improvement programmes. The local forester, in-charge of the village will be the member secretary in the executive committee of VFC The Institutes Identified for implementation, guidance and technical support for various activities in the catchment area are given below.

Vivekananda Lab, IARI Almora and G.B Pant University will be collaborated for conducting participatory research on long-term basis on breed improvement of traditional crops with the farmers of this region.

Uttarakhand Cattle Board and Animal Husbandry Department will be

consulted for animal husbandry program. Technical/ Expertise / Collaboration from I.V.R.I Bareilly and Pant Nagar University, Pant Nagar will also be sought.


Horticulture Department will be consulted for giving technical trainings to the villagers for development of horticulture crops and rejuvenation of old orchards.

Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun will provide the technical guidance

regarding the census, monitoring, and evaluation of the faunal diversity in the area.

Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun will provide / assist in

monitoring the environmental aspects in the project area.

Herbal Research & Development Institute, Gopeshwar will be associated for technical knowledge and information regarding plantation and marketing of medicinal plants.

Uttarakhand Renewable Energy Development Agency (UREDA) will provide

technical support related to street lights, solar lanterns in villages where electrification are not possible due to some unavoidable reasons.

JAL Sansthan/ Jal Nigam will be sought for providing drinking water facility in

the villages.

Bamboo & Fibre Board, Uttarakhand, Dehradun will provide financial & technical support to villagers for planting of ringal. Forest Deptt. will arrange the tie up between Villages & Bamboo Board.

Indian institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS) and FSI (Forest Survey of India) will

provide necessary expertise in the digitization of the maps used for various purposes like reports, and documentation.

Internal monitoring will be conducted regularly by Conservator of Forest, Garhwal Circle and Director, Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve on the quality of project implementation process. For external monitoring, Project Implementation Monitoring Committee (PIMC) will be constituted at State level at Forest Headquarter Dehradun under the direction and guidance of PCCF, Uttarakhand for conducting external monitoring of the interventions made in this project.


4.4 BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT

Government of India, under Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF) constituted National Biodiversity Strategy & Action Plan (NBSAP) a, firm step towards addressing the various issues related to the use, status and conservation needs of biodiversity in the country. Under this initiative, it has been envisaged to produce a series of planning documents dealing with various facts related to the conservation of National Biodiversity. Under this initiative, 5% of the country’s surface area has been successfully declared as legally protected areas.

In order to conserve the rich biodiversity of the State the Government of Uttarakhand constituted State Biodiversity Board in 2006. Uttarakhand has also adopted the National Forest Policy (1980) that seeks to integrate biodiversity conservation and sustainable use by local people. A complete ban on hunting (1982) and green felling (1984) has been imposed in the state. A number of legislation having a bearing on biodiversity conservation in the state have been enacted in the state. The Biodiversity of the Project Area is described in Chapter 3- Section, 3.9.

4.4.1 Conservation plan of Project Influence Area

Responsibility for implementation of biodiversity management plan in Project Influence Area (7km radius of the project site) will lie with State Forest Department. Local people will be involved by the Forest Department on its discretion, for encouraging community participation. Various mitigation measures are required to be implemented to protect the biodiversity from adverse environmental and social impacts likely to be caused by the Vishnugad Hydropower Project. Control Timber and Fuel wood Demand: Timber demand by villagers is seriously affecting forests of the project influence area. The climax species of natural forests are under pressure due to increased timber demand. The timber species of forests such as Cedrus deodara (Deodar); Pinus roxburghii (Chir), Pinus wallichiana (Kail); Quercus incana (Ban oak), Quercus himalayana (Moharu oak); Picea smithiana (Rai); Grewia oppositifolia (Biul) etc. are under pressure due to illegal felling of trees. To reduce dependency on fuel wood by the villages, arrange alternative fuel such as LPG, Solar Cookers, etc. Awareness program may be organized against illegal felling of trees Control of Agriculture & Horticulture Activities: Horticulture, a cash crop/profit gaining activity i.e. cultivation of fruits, vegetable, flowers is increasing at the cost of forestland leading to loss of forest area year by year. There is also tremendous demand of timber for packing cases for marketing of fruits due to horticulture bloom, leading to increase pressure on


forest. Areas under dense forests cover will not be disturbed for agriculture/ horticulture activities Control of Grazing: Animal husbandry is an important vocation for agriculturist and almost every family rears livestock for rears livestock for their day to day requirement the livestock is mainly defendant upon natural resources mainly forests for sustenance. Extensive grazing of livestock and severe lopping of trees for fodder had adversity affected the forests of probed-influenced area. Overgrazing will be controlled by punitive as well as awareness building measures, as mentioned below:

In the permitted grazing areas, the animals will be allowed to enter the

forests well after the rains so that grasses would have grown sufficiently to withstand grazing and trampling.

To reduce the dependency of grazing on forest, stall feeding, balanced animal nutrition, improved cattle varieties application of concentrates etc. will be encouraged

Fencing or Vegataive Hedge will be planted along plantation area. Thorny species like Prinsepia utilis, Agave, Zizyphus, Euphorbia royleana, etc. will be planted so that it prevents animals from entering into the forest.

Plantation of fodder species such Quercus incana, Quercus dilata, Quercus floribunda, Boehmeria regulosa, Grevia oppositifolia, Debregeasia longiflolia, Melia azedarach, and Grass species Arundinaria falcate, Napier etc in wasteland / Panchayat land to meet fodder requirement.

Control Forest Fire: Forest fire is commonly recorded throughout the forest area. Most of the fires are due to local incendiaries with the belief that burning forest areas improve the resources by getting fresh grass & tender herbages. Effective fire protection measures like early detection systems, communications systems, equipment and public awareness will be implemented for forest fire control. Gram Panchayats and Van Panchayats will be involved to take care of the forest

4.4.2 Conservation plan of Project Affected Area The Biodiversity Management of Project Affected Area is the joint responsibility of THDC, State Forest Department and Local Community. Compensatory Afforestation Plan, Catchment Area treatment Plan and Wild Life Management Plan will be implemented by State Forest Department; Govt. of UA. Whereas, Muck/Quarry Area Redevelopment Plan, Avenue Plantation and Landscaping will be implemented by THDC. The local community will ensure protection of the plantation from human and livestock.


Plantation along the 4 approach roads and colony area will be carried to maintain slope stabilization, air quality and improvement of aesthetic view of the area. Development of Herbal Garden:

THDC must undertake development of Herbal garden at suitable place in consultation with Forest Department. The vulnerable species Berginia ligulata (Silpara), Hedychium spicatum (Banhaldi) and Thalictrum foliolosum (Mamiri) found in the area and propagation of the species must be taken. Besides the three species other species of medicinal value like Aegle marmelos (Bel), Embelica officinalis (Awla), Cinnamomum tamala (Tejpat), Ocimum basilicum (Tulsi), Adhatoda vasica (Vashaka), Centella asiatica (Brahmi), Thymus serpyllum (Ban ajwain), Asparagus officinails (Satvar), Ocimum kilimandscharicum (Kapoor Tulsi) may also be grown. Plantation of ornamental plants such as Silver Oak, Bottle Brush, Gulmohar, Baken, Jacaranda etc can be also taken to increase aesthetic nature of the disposal area and catalyze growth of biodiversity on the land and in surrounding area Wildlife Protection:

It may be ensured by the Contractor that no hunting is practiced at the site by any of the worker and that all site personnel are aware of the location, value and sensitivity of the wildlife resources

Part of the project area is located in the transitional zone of Nanda Devi

Biosphere reserve. Movement of wildlife is reported in the area therefore check post may be established in the project sites in consultation with Forest Department.

Roadside Plantation:

Tree felling for road construction/works should be kept bare minimum and strict control must be exercised in consultation with the Forest Department. Equivalent amount of new trees should be planted as integral part of the project within the available land and if necessary, separate additional land may be acquired for this purpose.

Depending on the availability of land and other resources, afforestation of

roadside land should be carried out to a sufficient distance on either side of the road.

4.4.3 Compensatory Afforestation Plan

In order to compensate diversion of forestland i.e. 100.39 ha (includes 23.13 ha land for underground works) for establishment of various project units, compensatory afforestation plan is proposed to be on 201 ha as per the Forest


(conservation) Act (1980). The compensatory afforestation will be carried out by the Forest Department. Local species must be preferred for plantation under compensatory afforestation. The species suggested for plantation is given in Table-4.4.1.

Table-4.4.1 Species Suggested for Plantation under Compensatory Afforestation Plan

Sl. No Scientific Name Common Name 1 Aesculas indica Pangar 3 Albizzia lebbek Siris 4 Alnus nepalensis Utis 5 Bauhinia variegata Kachnar 6 Cedrela toona Toon 7 Celtis australis Kharak 8 Cinnamomum tamala Dalchini 9 Cupressus torulosa Leuri 10 Quercus incana Banj 11 Quercus dilata Moru 12 Embelica officinalis Amla 13 Grewia oppositifolia Biul 14 Melia azadirach Denk 15 Pinus roxburghii Chil 16 Bombax ceiba Semul 17 Juglans regia Walnut 18 Pyrus malus Apple 19 Prunus armeniaca Apricot 20 Prunus communis Plum 21 Prunus persica Peach 22 Citrus sp. Malta

Source: CES 4.4.4 Budget for Biodiversity Management

A capital cost provision of Rs. 66.6 million has been kept towards the implementation of biodiversity management plan. Year wise budget is presented in Table-4.4.2.

Table-4.4.2 Year wise Budget for Biodiversity Management Activity I Year

(Rs.) II Year

(Rs.)III Year

(Rs.)IV Year

(Rs.) V Year

(Rs.) Total (Rs.)

Herbal Garden 3,68,000 1,69,000 39,000 12000 12000 6,00,000Wildlife

Protection 3,00,000 1,50,000 50,000 - - 5,00,000

Roadside Plantation

9,00,000 4,50,000 1,50,000 - - 15,00,000

Compensatory Afforestation

1,92,00,000 2,24,00,000 1,28,00,000 64,00,000 32,00,000 6,40,00,000

Total (Rs.) 2,07,68,000 2,31,69,000 1,30,39,000 64,12,000 32,12,000 6,66,00,000Percentage 31.18% 34.78% 19.60% 9.62% 4.82% 100%

Source: CES


4.5 CATCHMENT AREA TREATMENT (CAT) PLAN

4.5.1 Need for Catchment Area Treatment Area draining into dam through different local streams situated with in the CATCHMENT area mainly responsible for soil erosion. It disturbs the eco-logical balance by destroying the vegetated cover, dislocating wild life, removing precious topsoil, modification of stream morphology. Consequently natural vegetation is removed on either side of riverbank. Soil gets disturbed and is easily removed during periods of heavy down pour, leading to accelerated erosion of soil cover. This causes silt/sediment flow into streams below. Siltation of stream beds reduces the capacity of stream channel and reservoir. The study of erosion and sediment yield from catchments is of utmost importance as the deposition of sediment in reservoir reduces its capacity, thus affecting the water availability for the designated use. The eroded sediment from catchments when deposited on streambeds and banks causes braiding of river beach. The removal of top fertile soil from catchments also adversely affects the agricultural production. Another important factor that adds to the sediment load, and which contributes to soil degradation is grazing pressure. A large number of cattle, sheep’s, and goats graze the pastures during summer season continuously for about six months. Due to this pressure, the productivity of these pastures is also declining further. The lack of proper vegetal cover is a factor to cause degradation and thereby results in severe run off/soil erosion, and subsequently premature siltation of the reservoir. Thus, a well-designed Catchment Area Treatment (CAT) Plan is essential to ameliorate the above-mentioned adverse causes and process of soil erosion. The catchment area treatment involves understanding of the erosion characteristics of the terrain and suggesting remedial measures to reduce the erosion rate. For this reason the catchments of the directly draining rivers, streams, tributaries, etc. are treated and the treatment plan has been included in the project.

4.5.2 Project area in the CAT Plan The Catchment Area Treatment Plan for VPHEP has been prepared by the Badrinath Forest Division, Gopeshwar; Garhwal Circle, Pauri, Uttarakhand. The Plan includes 37 micro watersheds in 5 sub watersheds namely Saraswati, Dhauliganga, Rishigang, Budhiganga & Nagoigad. But as various CAT plans are already under implementation in this catchment particularly Tapovan Vishnugad CAT plan, only 18 micro watershed in 2 sub watersheds namely Budhiganga and Nagoigad has been selected for treatment. The total area of selected catchment is 84085.00 ha. Out of which, 12964.00 ha (15.42%) is rocky and snowbound. The remaining area of 71121.00 ha (84.58%) is treatable, of which, agriculture area is 6647.00 ha (7.90%), forest area is


40678.00 ha (48.38%) and blank area is 23.796 ha (28.30%). Therefore, total workable area is 71.121 Sq. Km.

Table-4.5.1 Land Use Classification in Revised Catchment Area Treatment Plan (in Ha) Treatable area Untreatable area Name of the

Catchment (Sub-Watershed)

Name of the micro watershed Agriculture

Forest Blank Rocky River

Bed Snow Bound

Total

Karmansa 537 2293 288 338 0 0 3456Senkora 395 3519 137 1562 0 0 5613

Garurganga 638 2556 126 592 0 0 3912Batula 594 950 31 500 0 0 2075Gauna 100 1150 0 1250 0 0 2500

Pulgadhera 200 3538 175 1187 0 0 5100Birahiganga 144 3337 1569 4000 0 938 9988

Gadiyal gadhera 37 2763 525 869 0 0 4194Taraktal 637 6463 250 0 0 0 7350

Lasi 1988 1944 80 38 0 0 4050

Budhiganga

Total Budgiganga 5270 28513 3181 10336 0 938 48238Jaisal 581 875 800 0 0 0 2256

Menagad 43 6506 8288 0 0 520 15357Topon 230 305 1353 0 0 0 1888

Bangina 486 1857 188 0 0 0 2531Kalpagad 0 731 3869 0 0 896 5496

Barki 19 556 937 0 0 0 1512Aroshigad 18 648 1109 0 0 0 1775Vishnugad 0 687 4071 0 0 274 5032

Nagoigad

Total Nagoigad:- 1377 12165 20615 0 0 1690 35847Grand Total :- 6647 40678 23796 10336 0 2628 84085

Source: CAT Plan prepared by Badrinath Forest Division, Gopeshwar Total area : - 84085.00 ha. Treatable area : - 71121.00 ha. Un-treatable Area : - 12964.00 ha.

4.5.3 Objective of the CAT Plan a) The Primary objective of this plan is to restore the ecosystem and

biodiversity of Impact Area affected by the Vishnugad-Pipalkoti Hydroelectric Project.

b) The actual project area is located in forest bound area which is on one hand

geologically fragile zone and on the other hand it houses rich in floral and faunal wealth. The wild animals of this area are highly endangered and needs special care & treatment in full movement zone in and around the project area. As such the plan will provide management inputs in the Impact Area for the conservation and management of floral and faunal diversity.


c) Project will give maximum emphasis on catchment treatment through plantation, soil and water conservation works. Treatment of land slide areas, improvement of habitat of wild animals and conserving biodiversity treatment of agricultural field of stake holders, which are sensitive to soil and water erosion to improve the life standard of the local people through Eco development works and ensure people participation. A certain amount of fund has also been earmarked for annual maintenance and upkeep of soil conservation works. The project will be implemented with integrated watershed management approach.

d) The project will be executed by three different agencies i.e. forest

department, expert agencies and the local communities depending upon the expertise needed to conduct these works and the stake of the community to own and maintain the intervention. Heavy engineering works pertaining to landslide control in and around the project area will have to be executed with the help of expert agency who has the local expertise for such treatment works. The expert agency will be identified in the annual plan to be made every year by the forest department.

e) The catchment area is strategically located between Nanda Devi National

Park, Kedarnath Wildlife Forest Division, Alaknanda Soil Conservation Division and Badrinath forest Division.

f) The CAT plan earmarks the provision for selected inputs in livelihood support

activities for the local community, which would facilitate eco-restoration as well as eco-development of the catchment area. Education and awareness of the community for catchment development on watershed approach will be central to all these activities. Apart from this, special care is to be taken on decreasing dependence of the local people on forest areas. For this special effort will be done by raising forest on Civil Soyam and Van Panchayats and doing pastoral development activities.

g) Village communities have been put to the center in the case of all village

related eco-development works. Institution and capacity building will be the major intervention areas for conducting any work in the village. Project will focus on the process development in participatory approach with the community in terms of owning the responsibility for maintenance of created assets.

h) Women are the main natural resource managers in the project area and the

poorest have the largest stake in the forests. To motivate the women in the project process, women social motivators will be appointed. Special support in the areas of rural technology, gender support, focus group and the public healthcare has been identified for this.

i) The approach to supporting the animal husbandry, agriculture, horticulture and energy conservation sectors will be mostly through technical training inputs and facilitation for forward and backward linkage, long term


participatory research programmes and demonstrations for trying out the adaptation and penetration of innovative technologies that lead to lesser dependence on natural resource use will be encouraged in this programme. Income generation activities to provide alternative livelihood opportunities have also been envisaged to reduce pressure on the forests and grazing lands.

j) Dovetailing the awareness training and technical inputs of the project with

the ongoing schemes of the line department will be done in order to sustain the initiatives taken up by the project and to prevent misuse of funds through duplicity.

k) A large area of agriculture field of stakeholders lies in the catchment area.

This area is also fragile and due to soil erosion land holding is decreasing day by day. So special efforts will be made to check soil erosion and conserving the moisture of agricultural fields of stakeholders by soil and water harvesting measures.

4.5.4 Plantation in the Reserve Forests Areas

Plantations will be carried out in the reserve forest areas in the project area with multi objective of soil conservation, water recharge and Eco restoration of degraded areas. These areas are in addition to the plantations which will be carried out by in nearby Civil and Forest Panchayat areas for meeting their fuel wood and fodder needs that would ultimately reduce the biotic pressure on forests. The participation of the grazer community will be very crucial to make the plantations successful in the reserve forest area in the higher hills. Forest department staff will ensure the participation of the local community in planning the plantation species and in protection of these plantations. Plantations that will be done in the soil conservation areas near the drainages for vegetative treatment will be in addition to the above plantation target. These plantations will be carried out by Nanda Devi National Park, Kedarnath Wildlife Forest Division and Badrinath Forest Division.

4.5.5 Plantation in the Civil Soyam and Van Panchayat Areas A large area of Civil Soyam and Van Panchayat falls with in catchment area. Mostly this area is blank and unable to work as buffer in between community and the reserve forest. Therefore, all the biotic pressure falls on the Reserve Forest. So there is special need to make plantations in these areas so that they could meet the requirement of the local people in and have and restoring the eco systems of the area. These plantations will also increase the livelihood of the people and also the income of the Van Panchayats. These plantation works will be done by Nanda Devi National Park, Kedarnath Wildlife Forest Division, Alaknanda Soil Conservation Division and Badrinath forest Division. A total of 1000 ha area will be treated for plantation activities. Out of this, 450 ha


area will be taken under densification, 50 ha under pasture development and 300 ha under medicinal plants. Apart from this, around 1200 ha area has been selected for assisted natural regeneration.

4.5.6 Drainage Line Treatment and Soil Conservation Work

The Impact Area is very fragile and there is a huge scope of soil and moisture conservation works. These works will be conducted as erosion control works in gullies and eroding stream and river training works. This component concentrates on protection works where lasting benefits will be assured in the lower catchment area. Works will concentrate on construction of site specific physical structures accompanied by tree planting to stabilize banks and planting for short vegetative cover in the landslide prone areas through brushwood and perennial grasses. Project will seek the technical assistance from the institutes identified for deciding the treatment measures and treatment norms. The plan has identified a number of streams which needs treatment from their primary source. The phasing of work in the selected stream has been done depending upon the urgency for treatment needs. The phasing of interventions and type of the structures will be decided based on the treatment needs of each stream on the ground right before the execution of work. Thus, the physical target kept in this plan has to be regarded as nearest possible indicative targets keeping in view the fragile geological condition of the catchment area. Effort will be made to synergies the treatment works with the soil conservation practices of the catchment community. For the works of drainage line treatment to be executed by Forest Department, the village community will be integrally involved in the execution of these works.

4.5.7 Wildlife/ Biodiversity Protection Works

The Impact area of Vishnugad Pipalkoti Hydroelectric Project is strategically located between Kedarnath Wildlife Division, Badrinath Forest Division and Nanda Devi National Park. The area is endowed with variety of flora & fauna, many of which fall under endangered category, e.g. Leopard, Himalayan Black bear and Ghural, Jungal Cat, Barking deer, Sambhar, Wild boar. The area also houses high-risk pheasant like Monal, Koklas and Chir Pheasants. The civil soyam areas lying in the impact area are also rich in wild Life. The overall objective of wild life and bio-diversity management plan of is:

Training and capacity building of the forest staff for protection and

surveillance Protection of floral and faunal resource and conservation of threatened flora

and fauna and protection of corridors Management of man animal conflict Wireless and mobile communication for protection support Infrastructure maintenance Habitat improvement works Biodiversity conservation support to the village communities


Mobility support for field staff The usage of the earmarked fund for wild life protection activity will be governed by wild life management plan of each division. The earmarked fund will remain as corpus with the department under a separate account head. This will remain as a corpus fund in fixed deposit in a nationalized bank giving competitive interest rate. Out of this generated interest approximately 90% will be used annually for wild life protection purpose and balance amount will be used to develop the corpus fund further.

4.5.8 Responsibility of Forest Department The responsibility of implementing the project will lie with the concerned Divisional Forest Officer (DFO). The DFO, Badrinath Forest Division, Gopeshwar shall be the nodal implementing agency who will be the Nodal officer. For effective implementation of this project, the DFO, Badrinath Forest Division/ Nodal Officer will need a Project Management Cell (PMC). The project will be closely monitored in terms of physical, financial progress and quality by Conservator of Forests, Pauri Garhwal & Conservator of Forest, Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Gopeshwar. The concerned Assistant Conservator of Forests (ACFs) will closely supervise the project in all respects. One ACF shall be posted at the Nodal Office who will act as the point of overall co-ordination of the staff from the all Implementation Units and specialists from different disciplines including Project Coordinator. The Project Coordinator shall be hired/engage or taken on deputation from the linked departments as per the needs. In PMC the Nodal Asst. Conservator of Forests (ACF) will work in close coordination with Project Coordinators (PC). The technical staff of PMC will comprise of one horticulture specialist, one livestock specialist and other specialists who shall be hired/consulted as per the site specific requirements. The concerned ACFs will be directly responsible for field level planning and monitoring of implementation of work under forestry and soil conservation to be executed by the Forest Department. Project coordinator (PC) will be directly responsible for overall planning and implementation of all the institution building and capacity building trainings, workshops, exposure visits for the project which includes project staff of all the ranks from different disciplines and the villagers. For Eco-Development Activities carried out by the V.P., Project Coordinator will make recommendations to the DFOs concerned for execution of all these activities through the ACF. PCs shall be primarily responsible for planning, coordinating and monitoring the execution of village based eco-development works and livelihood improvement works. PCs shall work in close coordination with horticulture specialist, livestock specialist, engineering specialist and the concerned line


agencies for appropriate field level planning and recommending social and technical inputs. PCs will make the joint recommendation in proposals, estimates and vouchers along with ACF for village based livelihood improvement works. Specialist of different components will plan and execute work through PIU office. PCs will also monitor the institutional health of the VPs, assess the adaptive challenges being faced by these institutions and give feedback to the concerned DFOs. PMC will be handled by assistant accountant and assistant programmer & other staff (as per the based needs) along with the normal ministerial staff of Badrinath Forest Division, Gopeshwar. It will be the responsibility of DFO, Badrinath Forest Division/ Nodal Officer to coordinate with all the expert /line agencies to seek adequate support partnership for study, research, documentation and information dissemination for planning and execution of work with quality participation of the local communities into the project work. DFO will closely work with concerned ACF and PCs for seeking their assistance for this work. It will be the responsibility of Conservator of Forests, Garhwal Circle, Pauri and Conservator of forest/Director, Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Gopeshwar ,closely monitor the quality of the project regularly through monitoring committee, coordinate with THDC and the Government for regular fund flow and give expert on hand guidance to PMC for effective implementation of the plan.

4.5.9 Responsibility of THDC

THDC will responsible for overall supervision of the CAT Plan implementation.

The Environmental Management Cell (EMC) of THDC will supervise the

implementation of each activity given in the CAT plan. EMC will also monitor physical & financial progress and prepare a quarterly progress report.

Year wise fund will released by THDC for which a Memorandum of

Understanding (MoU) may be signed between THDC & Forest Department.

4.5.10 Financial Provision for CAT Plan The project cost is estimated as Rs. 2491.58 Crores including IDC & FC of Rs 366.80 crores at March 2008 price level. As per the guidelines the provisions for CAT PLAN is being computed at the rate of 2 % of the project cost (excluding the IDC) which comes to Rs. 47.00Crore. This includes financial provision for the CAT plan 23.43 million rupees and for the Eco-restoration plan the provision is 446.66 million rupees. Breakup of the cost is given in Table-4.5.2 and year wise financial targets for Eco-restoration plan is given in Table-4.5.3.


For maintaining the assets created during the plan period, a corpus fund of Rs. 1.50 Crores is also being provided.

Table-4.5.2 Financial Provision for Eco-restoration Sl. No. Particulars Rs.

1. Forestry Work 375299002. Engineering Work 1911400003. Wild Life Management Work 243250004. Residential and Non Residential Building New Construction

and Renovation for Field Staff 25910000

5. Foot Path Renovation 120600006. Foot Bridge New Construction and Renovation 37000007. Other Developmental and Participatory Activities 152000000 Total 4466664900

Source: CAT Plan for VPHEP, prepared by Badrinath Forest Division, Gopeshwar

Table-4.5.3 Year wise Financial Target for Ecorestoration Issues I Year

(Rs) II Year

(Rs) III Year

(Rs) IV Year

(Rs) V Year

(Rs) VI Year

(Rs) VII Year

(Rs) Total

Forestry work

4478610 12373300 11499210 4918560 2224520 1986300 49400 37529900

Soil & Moisture

conservation

57185000 81605000 43290000 9060000 0 0 0 191140000

Wildlife Management

14875000 6250000 1800000 700000 700000 0 0 24325000

Capacity Building/ Exposure

visit

2000000 2000000 2000000 2000000 1000000 500000 500000 100000000

Other Activities

56310000 50700000 33660000 17000000 12000000 7000000 7000000 93670000

Total 134848610 (30.19%)

152928300 (34.24%)

92249210 (20.65%)

33678560 (7.54%)

15924520 (3.57%)

9486300 (2.12%)

7549400 (1.69%)

446664900

Source: CAT Plan for VPHEP prepared by Badrinath Forest Division, Gopeshwar

4.5.11 Agencies Involved in Implementation of the Plan Following institutions will provide technical support during implementation of the Catchment Area Treatment Plan:

Wildlife Institute of India (WII), Dehradun will provide the technical guidance regarding the census, monitoring and evaluation of the faunal diversity in the area.

Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun will assist in monitoring the

environmental aspects in the project area. Herbal Research & Development Institute, Gopeshwar


UREDA is a premier agency, which is working in the field of non-conventional energy.

JAL Sansthan/ Jal Nigam: There are various schemes executed by Jal

Nigam and Jal Sansthan for providing drinking water facility in the different villages. This facility will be made available in the affected villages by the above agencies under rural development program.

Bamboo & Fibre Board, Uttarakhand, Dehradun will provided financial &

technical support to villagers

Indian institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS)

Forest Survey of India (FSI) will give necessary expertise in the Digitization of the maps used for various purposes like reports, and documentation.


4.6 MUCK DISPOSAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

4.6.1 Introduction The construction of Vishnugad Pipalkoti Hydroelectric Project (444 MW) would involve excavation of earth and rock generating muck in large quantum i.e. in the volume of 1.5 Mm3. The muck thus generated needs proper disposal. With the objective to protect the disposal areas from further soil erosion and develop the surrounding areas in harmony with the environment the Muck Disposal Plan is formulated. The Muck Disposal Plan detailed in the following sections gives the quantification of muck, identifies location and activities wherein muck is generated (excavation and blasting operation) and quantifies muck generated from each activities with relevance to disposal options. The identified locations/sites of muck disposal is in conjunction with various characteristics viz. landscape, cost effectiveness, nearness to source of generation, groundwater/blockage to surface water, relief and scope of afforestation and erosion control/sediment arrest. The plan identifies landscaping measures for disposal of muck, modes of transportation for muck disposal and species selection for use of biofertilizer method for vegetative growth on muck spread, delineates muck disposal options for each site implementation and development of landscape.

4.6.2 Excavation of Muck and its Disposal As per Detailed Project Report (DPR) due to the construction of the various components of the project the total quantity of muck to be generated is estimated to be about 1.5 Mm3. Of the total muck generated 0.45 Mm3 will be used for construction purposes. For dumping of the remaining muck of 1.05 Mm3. Four areas viz. (i) Haat, (ii) Jaisaal, (iii) Gulabkoti and (iv) Guniyala, have been identified by THDC adjacent to project components. In these 4 identified sites dumping will be done and further they will be restored and revegetated with proper landscaping. The capacity and location of disposal areas are given in Table-4.6.1.

Table-4.6.1 Capacity and Location of Disposal Area Sr. No. Name of location & Area (in ha.) Capacity of Muck Disposal Area

(in m3) 1. Haat (4.03) 282,100 2. Jaisaal (2.47) 172,900 3. Gulabkoti (6.03) 422,100 4. Maina Nadi (Guniyala)(2.4162) 169,134 TOTAL 14.9462 1,046,234

Source: Survey carried out by CES


4.6.3 Muck Disposal Sites The description and details of the 4 muck disposal sites viz. (i) Gulabkoti (ii) Guniyala, (iii) Jaisaal and (iv) Haat are given in the following sections. i) Gulabkoti

Gulabkoti site has been identified for the disposal of muck to be generated due to the construction of the dam. The Gulabkoti area is more or less open with sparse vegetation cover in the form of scrubs with scattered trees. A survey was conducted to find out the total area of site. The map of muck disposal area at Gulabkoti with contour intervals is shown in Drawing No. 2008026/EC/EMP-01. The cross-section of the muck disposal site at Gulabkoti is shown in Drawing No. 2008026/EC/EMP-02. It is proposed to construct a 65 m Rock fill dam, sizeable quantity of the excavated material will be utilized as construction material for the rock fill dam. Muck for dam construction will be generated by open and underground excavation in the river bed and in the hard rock and will be dumped in a sloping gradient with a ratio of approx. 1:0.405 by constructing a retaining wall of 7 m on the down hill side along the river bank and a slope of 50 cm high with 50 cm thickness on the uphill side along the footpath line. The muck to be excavated comprising of mostly coarse aggregates will be utilized for different components from the construction of the foundation of the diversion dam, stone pitching on downstream of coffee dam, coffer dams works, and diversion tunnel. The clayey material excavated at dam site could be used for forming an impervious layer within the upstream coffer dam. The dumping site which is identified near Gulabkoti has a capacity of 4,22,100 m3. Typical Cross Section of filling area of muck disposal at Gulabkoti is shown in Drawing No. 2008026/EC/EMP-03.

Views of Muck Disposal Site at Gulabkoti near Dam Site


ii) Guniyala Guniyala site near Mainagad River has been identified for the disposal of muck to be generated due to the construction of the Head Race Tunnel. The general landscape of the area has vegetation cover in the form of scrubs mixed with trees. Dense vegetation growth in the form of dense to moderate forest can be seen on the steep slopes of the Mainagad River. A survey was conducted to find out the total area of site. The map of muck disposal area at Guniyala with contour intervals is shown in Drawing No. 2008026/EC/EMP-04(a) and (b). The cross-sections of the 2 muck disposal sites at Mainagad near Guniyala village are shown in Drawing No. 2008026/EC/EMP-05(a) and (b). Muck will be generated due to construction of 13.4 km long 8 m diameter Head Race Tunnel (HRT). Muck will be dumped in 2 different sites at Mainagad, near Guniyala village with steep sloping gradients with a ratio of approx. 1:1.009 and 1:1.5 respectively. Muck will be deposited along the slope by constructing a retaining wall of 7 m each on the down hill side along the river bank and a slope of 50 cm high with 50 cm thickness on the uphill side along the footpath line. The muck is proposed to be dumped at dumping sites at Mainagad and Guniyala, which are near to Guniyala (Mainagad) Adit No. 2. The dumping sites have a capacity of 1,69,134 m3. Typical Cross Sections of filling area of muck disposal at Mainagad near Guniyala village is shown in Drawing No. 2008026/EC/EMP-06(a) and (b).

Views of Muck Disposal Site at Guniyala near Head Race Tunnel


iii) Jaisaal Jaisaal site near Siyasin has been identified for the disposal of muck to be generated due to the construction of the Tail Race Tunnel. The terrain of the muck disposal site at Jaisaal has a steep topography for approximately 19 m followed by a more or less gentle topography for approximately 15 m and a very steep topography near the river bank for approximately 11 m. The general landscape is more or less barren with scanty vegetation growth in the form of scrub, grasses and scattered trees which are more prominent in the lower reaches of the river bank and along the streamlets and channels of water. A survey was conducted to find out the total area of site. The map of muck disposal area at Jaisaal with contour intervals is shown in Drawing No. 2008026/EC/EMP-07. The cross-section of the muck disposal site at Jaisaal is shown in Drawing No. 2008026/EC/EMP-08. Muck will be generated due to the construction of 22m dia and 130 m high restricted orifice type upstream surge shaft and 80 m high, 8 m dia horse shoe shaped tunnel of 3.07 km long downstream surge shaft. Muck will be generated due to underground and surface excavation works. The muck is proposed to be dumped at dumping site at Haat, Adit No. 3 and Jaisaal which is near to Jaisaal village. The muck disposal site has a sloping gradient with a ratio of approx. 1:0.545. Muck will be deposited along the slope by constructing a retaining wall of 7 m each on the down hill side along the river bank and a slope of 50 cm high with 50 cm thickness on the uphill side along the footpath line. The dumping site has a capacity of 1,72,900 m3. Typical Cross Section of the filling area of muck disposal Site at Jaisaal is shown in Drawing No. 2008026/EC/EMP-09.

Views of Muck Disposal Site at Jaisaal near Tail Race Tunnel


iv) Haat Haat site has been identified for the disposal of muck to be generated due to the construction of Surge Shaft and Power House. The terrain of the muck disposal site at Haat has a steep topography in the upper reaches (approximately for 41 m) and a gentle sloping topography in the lower reaches (approximately for 13 m) in the close proximity of the river bank. The general landscape of the area is more or less open with sparse vegetation cover in the form of scrubs with scattered trees concentrated along the arterial road. A survey was conducted to find out the total area of site. The map of muck disposal area at Haat village with contour intervals is shown in Drawing No. 2008026/EC/EMP-010. The cross-section of the muck disposal sites at Haat is shown in Drawing No. 2008026/EC/EMP-011. Excavation for the underground power complex comprising of two separate caverns viz. power house cavern which is 117m long, 18.5 m, and 41 m height and transformer cavern which is 92 m long, 13.5 m wide and 17.5 high will be carried out. The muck generated due to the underground excavation will be disposed on a sloping gradient with a ratio of approx. 1:0.578. Muck will be deposited along the slope by constructing a retaining wall of 7 m each on the down hill side along the river bank and a slope of 50 cm high with 50 cm thickness on the uphill side along the footpath line. The dumping sites has a capacity of 2,82,100 m3. Typical Cross Section of the filling area of Muck Disposal Sites at Haat is shown in Drawing No. 2008026/EC/EMP-012.

Views of Muck Disposal Site at Haat near Power House and Surge Shafts

4.6.4 Conclusion

From the discussions in the above sections it can be seen that the total volume of muck to be generated is approximately 1.5 Mm3 of which 0.45 Mm3 will be utilized in the projects construction and 1.05 M3 is required to be disposed off. The capacity of the muck disposal sites is estimated at 1.046 Mm3. In our


opinion, the balance amount, which is less than 4000 m3, can be easily managed to be disposed off in the identified muck disposal sites and there is no need for developing another site. It may also be possible that utilizable muck may be much more than the estimated 0.45 Mm3, which will be known at the execution stage of the project. Apart from this by using Tunnel Borrowing Machine (TBM) the generation of muck will also be less as there will be no over breaks. As discussed above apart from the disposition of the muck through construction of masonary gravity walls the counterfort gravity masonry walls can also be constructed which will incur additional costs due to construction of additional counterfort structures. A typical cross section of simple masonry gravity and a counterfort gravity retaining wall are shown in Figure-4.6.1 & 4.6.2.

Figure-4.6.1 Typical Cross Section of a Counterfort Gravity Retaining Wall


Figure-4.6.2 Typical Cross Section of a Simple Masonry Gravity Retaining Wall

With the start of excavation works in the initial phase the muck will be used for development of working and facility area, construction of the 4 approach roads, protecting, filling and soling works. Muck will be dumped with the help of the dumpers, taking into consideration the slope of the dumping areas.


4.6.5 Planning & Management of Muck Disposal a) Re-vegetation

Plantation will be carried out at the muck disposal sites for the stabilization of the slopes, landscaping and improving the aesthetic value of the area. The waste material dumped at spoil tip would be mechanically compacted and properly leveled with suitable safe slopes. A retaining wall of about 7 m will be constructed at the muck disposal sites. On the uphill side of the slope a 50 cm high and 50 cm thick wall would be provided to protect the uphill side of the terraces from slipping. In order to restore the area, all these dumping sites need to be rejuvenated by means of turfing and vegetation growth. A Schematic Diagram of the turfing of slopes is given in Figure-4.6.3. As the muck would be disposed on an unstable slope, for proper compaction and stabilization 1 m terracing along the contour at 5 m interval along the slope in staggered manner may be done for muck disposal. Muck disposal sites with gentler slopes viz. Gulabkoti, Jaisaal and Haat will be provided with stairway for accessibility and maintenance. For the muck disposal site like Guniyala which has a steeper gradient can’t be provided with stairway as rise and tread cannot be designed on a slope of more than 1: 1 m gradient.

Figure-4.6.3 Schematic Diagram of Turfing on Slopes All spoil tip areas will be developed as per specifications and its feasibility. Water treatment will be given for settlement of muck with suitable


compaction. Once the dumping is completed these areas will be developed into terraces and restored by laying of the top soil on the top, digging of pits and planting of plant sapling. Once the dumping activities are completed, these dumping areas will be developed into terraces and restored by laying of soil on the top and digging of pits and planting of plant sapling. These areas may be developed into parks, gardens and view point sites for tourists. In between the spoil tips drains or channels, will also be provided for draining of sprinkled water. The brief work plan formulated for revegetation of these spoil tips is through “Integrated Biotechnological Approach”

Development of the spoil tips taking into consideration their chemical properties to ensure supportive and nutritive capacity to sustain vegetation growth

Delineation of appropriate blends of organic waste and soil to develop rhizosphere of good nutritive and supportive capacity

Mass culture of plant specific bio-fertilizer and mycorrhizal fungi. Plantation of 4 spoil tips covering about 14.9462 ha. using identified

blend and biofertilizer inoculums

b) Plantation Plantation will be carried on spoil tips by digging of pits. These pits will be mixed with external soil, organic fertilizer and vermi-compost. Saplings will be planted in these pits. Refilling will be done by covering the entire root system. Turfing (sodding) and suitable shrubs will be grown at slopes. Thick layer of external soil will be spread on the slope area. Sod patches will be grown in form of patches. Before sowing the area should be properly amended with manure. Species for Plantation Afforestation with suitable plant species of high ecological and economic value and adaptable to local conditions will be undertaken in accordance to canopy requirement. The major plant species in the area are: Non Leguminous including fruit trees (i) Poplar (Populu sp.) (ii) White willow (Salix alba) (iii) Deodar (Cedrus deodara) (iv) Kail (Pinus wallichiaia) (v) Apricot (Prunu sp.) (vi) Mourning cypress (Cupressus torulosa) (vii) Pangar (Aesculas indica)


(viii) Utis (Alnus nepalensis) (ix) Kachnar (Bauhinia variegata) (x) Toon (Cedrela toona) (xi) Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) (xii) Semul (Bombax ceiba) (xiii) Biul (Grewia oppositifolia) (xiv) Denk (Melia azedarach) (xv) Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) (xvi) Plum (Prunus communis) (xvii) Peach (Prunus persica) (xviii) Pomegranate (Punica granatum) (xix) Malta (Citrus spp.) Leguminous (i) Locust tree (Robini psuedoacacia) (ii) Maharukh (Ailanthus excelsa) (iii) Indigiogofera pulchela (iv) Siris (Albizzia lebbeck)

Shrubs

(i) Rambans (Agave americana) (ii) Basinga (Eupatorium adenophorum) (iii) Shuru (Euphorbia royleana) (iv) Nagphani (Opuntia dilleni) (v) Karonda (Carissa spinarium) (vi) Ber (Zizyphus mauritiana) (vii) Bhilmora (Rumex hastatus) (viii) Kath Neem (Murraya koengi) (ix) Bindu (Colebrookea oppositifolia) (x) Rasaut (Berberis aristata) (xi) Barapilu (Salvodara sp). (xii) Basak (Adathoda vasica) (xiii) Safed musli (Asparagus sp.)

Grasses

(i) Gini ghas (Panicum maximum) (ii) Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) (iii) Doob ghas (Cynodon dactylon) The various species of leguminous and non-leguminous plant species will be grown on the spoil tips. A small portion (approx. 2%) of the vegetation cover will comprise of horticulture plants and one site will be kept for other plantations depending on its suitability.


c) Irrigation Facility The vegetation in the Vishnugad Pipalkoti area is mostly dependent on rainfall and to some extent on small streamlets. In general the afforestation programme in the vicinity is not supplemented by any irrigation system. However, in order to ascertain quick greenery and growth in the spoil tip areas, irrigation, especially during the drought period is to be provided. To cater to this need portable water pumps along with requisite PVC pipes need to be utilized to draw water from immediate down slope sources. For sites where no immediate source of water is available for this irrigation, the water will be provided by project tankers.

d) Fencing All the 4 sites will be properly fenced to protect the area from human and animal interference.

e) Watch and Ward Manpower in the form of watchmen and gardeners would be deployed for protection and maintenance of the sites for three years. The duties will include replacement of casualties, weeding, watering, repair of fence line etc.

4.6.6 Budget

The above mentioned activities involve capital investments, annual recurring and maintenance costs. Some of the activities like nursery and cost of vehicles are capital costs. Some of the costs are recurring which include purchase of seed, manure, salary and wages and miscellaneous expenditure. Capital costs other than the nursery are taken in Lump Sum. Recurring costs are determined based on annual basis. Contingency of 15% of total cost (sr. no. 1-7 of Table-4.6.2) is considered for plan implementation. The details of the budget are presented in Table-4.6.2.

Table-4.6.2 Budget for Implementation of Muck Disposal Plan

Issues I year II year III Year

IV year V year Total

Development of Nursery (or Contract)

600000 600000 600000 200000 2000000

Procure pumps & pump house

1800000 1800000

Plantation on spoil slope

600000 800000 600000 2000000

Turfing of slopes 200000 2500000 2500000 2500000 7700000

bio-fencing of site 200000 523000 120000 843000

Maintenance 150000 150000 150000 150000 600000 Watch & ward 800000 800000 1000000 2600000


Issues I year II year III Year

IV year V year Total

Contingencies /escalation

448000 448000 448000 448000 448000 2240000

Total 1048000 1398000 7098000 5421000 4818000 19783000

Source: CES

4.6.7 Recommendations For smooth implementation of the Muck Disposal Plan following measures may be considered. a) Retaining wall for muck disposal sites shall be completed by EPC

contractor prior to the start of dumping /disposal. b) Species of trees be selected which are fast growing and helpful in

stabilizing the dump sites c) Project authorities may have frequent review and coordinate the activities

of contractors for smooth and timely implementation of the Muck Disposal Management Plan

4.7 FISH MANAGEMENT PLAN

An aquatic study was conducted details of which are provided in detail in Chapter 3-Section 3.8. Snow trout (Schizothoraichthys progastus and Schizothorax richardsonii) is found in the project stretch. The fish management plan involves various options for management of Mahseer and Snow trout.

4.7.1 Characteristic of Endangered Fish

Snow trout (Schizothoraichthys progastus and Schizothorax richardsonii) is a freshwater fish. It is mainly herbivorous basically feed on plant material. Breeds in the upper reaches of river and travels down locally after breeding. Maximum size is 50 cm

The dam on river Alaknanda to be developed as a part of the project will act as a barrier to the local free movement of fish species. Due to its dorso-lateral compressed body, the snow trout is not an active swimmer.

4.7.2 Sustenance of Fisheries

Most of the fish species found in Alaknanda are abundant in nature. However two species of Mahseer (Tor tor ; Tor putitora ) are endangered as per NBFGR categorization, which are absent at the sampling sites S0, S1 and S2. Other two species of Schizothoraichthys progastus and Pseudecheneis sulcatus are vulnerable in nature.

4.7.3 Management Measures

Habitat Restoration: Mahseer is a migratory fish and comes in the Alaknanda and

its tributaries in search of feeding and breeding grounds. The Birahi is the most


appropriate habitat for Mahseer and able to provide suitable conditions for the survival of its young ones. The catchment of Birahi River can be improved by plantation along the bank. The anthropogenic activity like extraction of sand, pebbles, gravels, stones and fishing activity in the river should be completely banned. Efforts for diversion of route of Mahseer towards Birahi river may be done for effective management of Mahseer and other vulnerable fishes in the region. A capital cost provision of Rs. 10 lakhs has been kept towards habitat restoration of Mahseer through improvement of the catchment of Birahi River and conservation of fish stock in the study stretch of Alaknanda The Mahseer hatchery already constructed at the Tehri Dam on the Bhagirathi River is used for propagation of the Mahseer and will be utilized for VPHEP.

Management of Snow trout

For the management of the Snow trout (Schizothoraichthys progastus), Fish management program will be undertaken by THDC in consultation with Dept of Fisheries, GoUK/ Directorate of Cold Water Fisheries (DCFR), ICAR, Bhimtal. THDC has already consulted the DCFR, ICAR, Bhimtal. The Senior Scientist from DCFR Bhimtal have already visited the project site for identification of suitable site for establishment of Snow Trout hatchery for fulfillment of fishery action plan towards restoration of aquatic ecosystem. The MoU for implementation of Fishery Action Plan is under process.

Upgradation of Trout Hatchery

In this direction THDC has already consulted the Dept of Fisheries, GoUK /DCFR, ICAR, Bhimtal. The Senior Scientist from DCFR Bhimtal have already visited the project site for identification of suitable site for establishment of Snow Trout hatchery for fulfillment of fishery action plan towards restoration of aquatic ecosystem. The Dept of Fisheries, GoUK / DCFR, ICAR, Bhimtal will also utilize the Fish Farm, Baranganga, district Chamoli to meet the demand of fish seeds. The water supply facilities of the farm should be strengthened as there will be increase in water required at farm to produce fish seed for stocking at the site. For capacity enhancement existing tanks can be renovated and if necessary new rearing/ brood tank should be constructed. Provision for other requirement like feed, medicines net, aerator, etc should be also considered.

Production and rearing of Fish Seed Brood stock will be procured and maintained at the fish farm to produce the seed required for stocking. The hatchling will be reared at the farm upto the required stocking size. Health management and feeding of the reared stock should be taken care regularly.

Stocking of fish seed in the Stream

For stocking of fish seed at the site necessary facilities like packaging materials, oxygenation equipment, feeder/ graders etc will be purchased. A vehicle will also be


required for transportation of fish seed reared at the farm to the stocking site. Apart from this, the vehicle will also be used to carry items required for survey and monitoring of water quality and stock assessment fortnight / monthly. For assessment of fish stock and water / soil quality at the site technical expertise would be required. Manpower will also be required to carry out various activities at the farm ranging from maintenance of brood, stock, rearing of fish seed, health management and transport of the stocking material to the site. For this scientific and manpower, if needed will be arranged on contractual basis.

Table 4.7.2: Proposed budget by Dept of Fisheries, Govt. of Uttarakhand

S.No Component Cost (Rs)

1. Upgradation of Trout hatchery 8740000

3. Monitoring and assessment of water quality upstream and downstream of the project (including necessary equipments)

1000000

4. Miscellaneous expenditure (including administration HR,POL Contingency etc)

60000

Total 9800000

Source: Director Fisheries, Uttarakhand – Dehradun

Fish passes and ladder are not required as Mahseer is not available at S0, S1 and S2 so it makes no sense in investing in fish ladder and passes. Moreover seeing the performance of fish passes in other hydropower projects, the performance of these are very poor.

THDC will also maintain the minimum flow required for the survival of aquatic life

and maintain the water quality.

For management of Snow trout, Gram Panchyats must be involved along with Dept. of Fisheries, GoUK / DCFR, ICAR, Bhimtal. Dept. of Fisheries, GoUK / DCFR, ICAR, Bhimtal will provide the technical assistance and the Gram Panchayats will be involved in intensive culture of fish. This will be an income generating activity for the local inhabitants and also provide nutrition to the malnourished population of the area. Thus, it will contribute in enhancing the living condition of the people in the area.

4.7.4 Proposed Budget for Fish Management

Tentative budget proposed for Fish management is of Rs. 11.4 million given in the table below


Table 4.7.3: Budget for Fish Management

Issues I year II Year III Year IV Year V Year Total

Up-gradation of Hatchery including O&M

4740000 1000000 1000000 1000000 1000000 87,40,000

Vehicle for fish transportation

200000 200000 200000 6,00,000

Water Quality monitoring U/S and D/S

200000 200000 200000 200000 200000 10,00,000

Miscellaneous & Contingencies

12000 12000 12000 12000 12000 60,000

Plantation along Birahi 200000 400000 400000 10,00,000

Total 51,52,000 16,12,000 18,12,000 14,12,000 14,12,000 114,00,000

Source: CES

4.7.5 Recommendations

THDC may undertake separate study during construction phase to assess the Impact of flow on aquatic life so that appropriate discharge could be released from dam to provide conducive environment for fish survival. A detail fishery study is recommended in the river stretch to understand the exact route that is followed by Mahseer and to understand the microclimatic requirement of the species in the area.

For an in-depth study on fish potential and fishery biology in addition to aquatic

biodiversity any institute which has a reputation of undertaking this kind of work can be consulted. For that purpose the Department of Environmental Sciences, HNB Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand is recommended for further consultation.

A MOU may be signed between THDC & Department of Fisheries GoUK/ DCFR,

ICAR, Bhimtal or any other organization for Fish propagation in the area involving Gram Panchayats and local inhabitants.

Project : Environmental Studies for Vishnugad Pipalkoti Hydro-Electric Project Page: 37 Document : 2008026/EC/Final Report Date: Nov 2009 Chapter-4 : Environmental Management Plan Revision: R4

4.8 GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT PLAN

Although the forest loss due to various project appurtenances would be compensated as a part of compensatory afforestation, it is proposed to develop greenbelt around the perimeter of various project appurtenances, selected stretches along the periphery of water spread area, etc. The general consideration involved while developing the greenbelt are:

Local/native trees growing up to 10 m or above in height with perennial foliage

should be planted around various appurtenances of the proposed project. Planting of trees should be undertaken in appropriate encircling rows around the

project site. Generally fast growing trees should be planted Since, the tree trunk area is normally devoid of foliage up to a height of 3 m, it may

be useful to have shrubbery in front of the trees so as to give coverage to this portion.

The plantation should be at a spacing of 2.5 * 2.5 m. About 1,000 trees per hectare should be planted. The plantation and maintenance of the plantation area should be done by the project proponents.

4.8.1 Species Suggested for Plantation

Local species will be planted under the greenbelt development plan. The list of plant species suggested for plantation is presented below: Table-4.8.1 Species Suggested for Plantation under Greenbelt Development Plan

Sl. No Scientific Name Common Name Trees

1. Aesculas indica Pangar 2. Albizzia lebbek Siris 3. Alnus nepalensis Utis 4. Bauhinia variegata Kachnar 5. Cedrela toona Toon 6. Celtis australis Kharak 7. Cinnamomum tamala Dalchini 8. Cupressus torulosa Leuri 9. Dalbergia sissoo Shisham 10. Embelica officinalis Amla 11. Grewia oppositifolia Biul 12. Melia azedarach Denk 13. Pinus roxburghii Chil 14. Bombax ceiba Semul 15. Juglans regia Walnut 16. Pyrus malus Apple 17. Prunus armeniaca Apricot 18. Prunus communis Plum 19. Prunus persica Peach 20. Punica granatum Pomegranate 21. Citrus spp. Malta

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Sl. No Scientific Name Common Name Shrubs

1. Agave americana Rambans 2. Euphorbia royleana Shuru 3. Opuntia dilleni Nagphani 4. Jasminum humile Shunjai 5. Rosa brunonii JangliGulab

Herbs 1. Ageratum conzoides Gunriya 2. Artemisia capillaris Pati 3. Bergenia ligulata Silphara 4. Centella asiatica Brahmi 5. Oxalis corniculata Amrit sak 6. Solanum nigrum Makoi 7. Tridex procumbens Ground weed Source: CES

4.8.2 Precautionary Measures:

Plantation activity to be carried out in monsoon months The height of the plants should not be less than 1 ft and should be in

polythene bags and are not to be removed till the time of planting All plants supplied must be planted within three days of removal from the

nursery The contractor will be required to water the area in case of insufficient rains

after planting 2 kg of compost /manure are suggested for each pit before plantation. To ensure better growth and survival of plants, surface should have sufficient

layer of good quality soil (up to 45 cm)

4.8.3 Budget for Greenbelt Development Plan 6,153 Trees are likely to be felled for development of various project sites. Double no. of trees i.e. 12,306 trees may be planted to compensate the loss of trees. A capital cost provision of Rs. 6.153 million has been kept for development of greenbelt as given in Table-4.8.2. The budget includes cost of digging of pits, fertilizers, saplings and maintenance for 3 years.

Table-4.8.2 Budget for Greenbelt Development Plan

Issue I Year II Year III Year IV Year V Year Total Rs

Plantation 1500000 1500000 2000000 153000 - 5153000

Fencing 250000 250000 250000 250000 - 1000000

1750000 1750000 2250000 403000 - 6153000

Source: CES

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Species Suggested for Plantation under Greenbelt Development Programme

Bombax ceiba

Pinus roxburghii

Embelica officinalis

Prunus persica

Citrus spp.

Prunus armeniaca

Juglans regia

Melia azedarach Bauhinia variegata


4.9 SOIL EROSION & SEDIMENT CONTROL

There is a possibility of site erosion and sedimentation in the downstream if the site activities are not carefully managed. Erosion and sedimentation will be controlled during the construction phase. Areas of the site not disturbed by the construction activities will be maintained in their existing condition. A principal effort at the construction areas will be the management of erosion of excavated surfaces especially during the wet/monsoon season when the volume of the runoff is expected to be high. Management plan for control of soil erosion and sedimentation is given below:

Areas within the construction areas not disturbed by construction activities will be maintained in their existing conditions.

Soil erosion and sediment control practices will be implemented prior to any major

soil disturbance, or in their proper sequence, and maintained until permanent protection is established. Only approved areas due for construction activity according to the programme will be cleared and topsoil will be preserved;

Prior to wet season, the contractor shall implement appropriate measures to ensure

that erosion is minimized from works where the permanent drainage and erosion control measures, if any, are yet complete;

Materials excavated by the Contractor from open and underground excavation,

which are unsuitable for incorporation into the permanent works or are surplus to such requirements, will be disposed of as spoil dumps in spoil disposal areas. Materials suitable for roads, dams, slope protection, channel armoring or riprap and resettlement area fills will be stockpiled separately from spoil disposal areas, at agreed locations for later use by the Contractor or THDC;

Soil excavated during construction will be stockpiled separately. The soil will be

used for landscaping and restoration of work areas. All stockpiles and spoil dumps will be constructed and stabilized, including provision of drainage and erosion control measures in accordance with the Landscaping and Re-vegetation Plan. The height of stockpiles and spoil dumps in spoil disposal areas will be proposed in the Sub-Plan and will be limited to 3m for topsoil and material for future use. Topsoil stockpiles will be deep ripped to provide for moisture retention and re-growth. Drainage and erosion from the stockpiles will be controlled by locating them in areas away from drainage lines. The erosion of the base of the dump will be prevented by providing a silt fence to contain any sediment in any runoff resulting from stockpile or spoil dump;

Stockpiles and spoil disposal areas shall not be located on drainage lines or in

floodway zones or other areas important for the conveyance of floodwaters during major floods. Flooded area behind spoil disposal areas will be allowed to drain to the downstream channel;

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Plans for water management during construction will include development of drainage works, sediment traps, diversion, culverts and other structures designed to treat water before discharge into natural watercourses. All these structures will be constructed progressively prior to commencement of construction work and areas will be directed to the sediment settling areas. They will be inspected regularly for damage caused by scouring, sediment deposition, channel obstruction, and loss of vegetation cover.

Sedimentation controls will be implemented in the form of silt trap fences and

sedimentation ponds where appropriate depending upon the size of the catchment, and other physical and environmental constraints. The silt trap fences shall control flows along minor drainage lines, whereas the sedimentation ponds will be utilized for removing sediment-laden runoff from the construction areas. These will be built prior to the start of the activity and will be maintained until the completion of that activity.

Contractor will be responsible for implementation of the above mentioned plan. Following activities will be undertaken by the Contractor for proper implementation:

An assessment of the potential for water pollutants to be generated; Measures to be taken to collect, store and treat storm water prior to any discharges

form the site, (considering options for water re-use on site); Management of material storage areas, including raw materials, chemicals, fuels,

and oils; Measures to prevent litter entering water courses and details of permanent pollutant

treatment measures or other water pollution control devices proposed for the operational stage;

An inspection and maintenance program to maintain the effectiveness of erosion and sediment control measures

Budget: Budget for implementation of the plan will be prepared by the Contractor.

4.10 QUARRY & BORROW AREA MANAGEMENT

The contractor is required to take quarry material only from licensed quarries. In the case of existing quarries the contractor through the Engineer’s representative will have to ensure that all actions in these quarries are in accordance with the environmentally sound and acceptable manner.

In case the contractor establishes additional quarries and dedicated crusher plants, the contractor has to ensure that all actions are in accordance with the environmental requirements.

In the case of borrow areas, Contractor need to specify a detailed arrangement including the agreement with the owner of the land. The Contractor must comply with provisions of taxes, levies, royalties etc. of the State.

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Management Plan: The contractor is required to provide following details:

Name, location and ownership of the borrow or quarry area; Existing land use of the area (including the access road to be developed) to be

quarried; Approximate quantity of the material available; The number of trees and the species of the trees to be removed; Total area involved; Arrangement with the owner; Whether purchased or leased; A statement from the owner saying the actual arrangement (not in terms of exact

monitory compensation) with him is agreeable for him; The exact restoration plan indicating the number of trees that will be planted; The action plan for leveling and landscaping in order to bring the area in conformity

to the neighboring land uses; and The access roads rehabilitation. Compliance certificate of tax, levy, royalty etc. provisions.

The objective of the rehabilitation programme is to reinstate the quarry /borrow pit sites to a safe and secure area, which the general public should be able to safely enter and enjoy. Securing borrow pits /quarry sites in a stable condition should be a fundamental requirement of the rehabilitation process. This could be achieved by filling the quarry/ borrow pit with suitable materials to approximately the access road level.

Quarries and borrow pits may be backfilled with rejected construction wastes and will be given a vegetative cover. Plantation will be done extensively for slope stabilization. The species suggested for slope stabilization are given in the Table-4.10.1. If this is not possible, then excavation slopes will be smoothed and depression will be filled in such a way that it looks more or less like the original ground surface.

Table-4.10.1 Species Suggested for Slope Stabilization

Sl. No. Scientific Name Common Name 1 Agave americana Rambans 2 Eupatorium adenophorum Basinga 3 Euphorbia royleana Shuru 4 Opuntia dilleni Nagphani 5 Carissa spinarium Karonda 6 Zizyphus mauritiana Ber 7 Rumex hastatus Bhilmora 8. Murraya koengi Kath Neem 9 Colebrookea oppositifolia Bindu

Source: CES During works execution, the contractor shall ensure preservation of trees during piling of materials; spreading of stripping material to facilitate water percolation and allow natural vegetation growth; re-establishment of previous natural drainage flows; improvement of

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site appearance; digging of ditches to collect runoff; and maintenance of roadways where a pit or quarry is declared useable water source for livestock or people nearby. Once the works are completed, the contractor shall restore the environment his own expense around the work site to its original splits.

A provision of Rs. 5.00 million shall be earmarked for quarry slope stabilization. The details of cost required for various measures are given in Table-4.10.2.

Table-4.10.2 Cost Estimate for Restoration of Quarry Sites

Items I Year II Year III Year IV Year V Year Total Filling up of excavated sites

- 400000 400000 400000 300000 1500000

Purchase green manure

- - 250000 200000 50000 500000

Digging pits - - 30000 30000 20000 80000 Plantation of saplings

- - 15000 15000 10000 40000

Purchase Fertilizer

- - 200000 150000 150000 500000

Weeding & maintenance

- - 50000 50000 50000 250000

Fencing - - 100000 100000 100000 300000 Watch & ward 4 persons

- - 192000 211200 232320 1830000

TOTAL - 400000 1237000 1156200 912320 5000000 Source: EIA Report prepared by WAPCOS / CES

4.11 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

A sufficient number of garbage bins and containers will be made available at the worker camps, the areas of planned and spontaneous resettlement and at the main work sites. Garbage and other waste will be regularly collected and be transported to a designated waste disposal site.

Suitable sanitary and solid waste collection and disposal facilities or systems will be provided at all camps, workshops, stores, offices, main work sites and personnel will be provided to operate and maintain the systems. During construction phase, labour, clerical staff and technical personnel are likely to congregate. The increase in population is expected to be of the order of 8,200. The average per capita solid waste generated would be of the order of 425 gm/day/person. The solid waste likely to be generated from labour camps will about 3.5 tonnes/day. For solid waste collection, 30 number of masonry storage vats, each of 2 m3 capacity will be constructed at appropriate locations in various labour camps. These vats will be emptied at regular intervals and the collected waste can then be transported to disposal site.

Two covered trucks to collect the solid waste from common collection point and transfer it to the disposal site will be put to service. A suitable landfill site should be identified and designed for disposal of municipal waste generated from project township, labour colonies, etc. The waste disposal site will be located at least 2km from the nearest village. Generally,

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from sanitary landfill sites, there is little risk from methane, generated due to the decay of organic or degradable component, as it slowly diffuses at low concentration through the covering material. To minimize groundwater pollution from leachates, bed of the disposal site(s) should be covered with an impervious material, so as to ensure that leachate does not lead to soil and water pollution. Paper and other material also flies off the landfill area due to wind action. This often creates a nuisance in the immediate vicinity of the landfill site. The landfill site, therefore, needs to be skirted with wire fence of about 3 m high wire fence with paper catchers to avoid fly of papers. Once landfill operation is complete, the entire landfill site will be covered by a depth of 1.5m of soil, and then re-vegetated according to relevant requirements included in the Landscaping & Re-vegetation Plan. A separate collection and storage procedure will be developed for hazardous or toxic waste, such as batteries, unused paint, thinners and hydrocarbons, disused electronic equipment, etc. These wastes will be stockpiled in accordance with the requirement of the applicable Laws and subsequently transported to special solid waste treatment plant capable of proper disposal of such hazardous or toxic waste as approved by UKPCB. EMC of THDC will ensure proper management of solid waste generated by project activities during construction period and will also assure that the solid waste is disposed as described in the solid waste management plan. A total provision of Rs.9.8 million needs to be earmarked for this purpose. The details are given in Table-4.11.1.

Table-4.11.1 Budget for Solid Waste Management

Items I Year II Year III Year IV Year V Year Total

Covered truck 2500000 2500000 50,00,000

Employee Persons

878000 878000 878000 878000 878000 43,90,000

Miscellaneous 100000 100000 100000 100000 9100 409100

3478000 3478000 978000 978000 887100 97,99,100

Source: EIA report prepared by WAPCOS / CES

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4.12 MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR ROAD CONSTRUCTION

The approach roads will have to be constructed as a part of the access to the construction site. In a hilly environment, construction of roads sometime disturbs the scenic beauty of the area. In addition, landslides are often triggered due to road construction because of the loosening of rocks by water trickling from various streams. A total length of 25.6 km of new roads needs to be constructed as a part of the proposed project. The detail of approach roads is provided in Chapter 1, Section 1.8.2, d and Chapter 3, Section 3.9.8.

Steeply sloping banks are liable to landslides, which can largely be controlled by provision of suitable drainage. The basic principle is to intercept and divert as much water as possible, before it arrives at a point, where it becomes a nuisance. The other erosion hazard is that of surface erosion of the bank, which is best controlled by vegetation. However, in a steeply sloping terrain, difficulty lies in growing vegetation on steeply sloping banks. Engineering solutions such as surface drainage, sub-surface drainage, toe protection and rock bolting can be used. Landslides can be stabilized by several methods-engineering or bio-engineering measures alone or a combination of these. The cost required for implementation of various measures has already been incorporated in the overall budget earmarked for construction of roads.

In hilly terrain, road construction often generates significant quantity of wastes (muck) due to the stripping of the rocks to make way for the roads. The stripped muck is generally cleared by dumping the material along the slopes. These dumped material finally flow down to the valleys and ultimately finds its way in to the river. However, it is recommended to adopt a more systematic approach. The stripped material should be collected and dumped in the designated muck disposal area which will have check dams to prevent the muck to flow down into the river. After disposal operation is complete at the dump site, dump yard should be contoured and vegetated. Due to the construction of the roads landslides results due to destabilization of the slopes. Muck will be generated due to cutting of the slopes and stripping. Various measures to be taken for cutting, stabilization of the slopes and proper disposal of muck, preventing it to go into the river are shown in Figure-4.12.1 to Figure-4.12.2

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Figure-4.12.1 Ground Conditions and Shape of Cut Slope

Figure-4.12.2 Treatment for Cut Slope Failure of Rock Mass

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Figure-4.12.3 Typical Cutting and Filling Works in Landslide Area (Large Sliding Type)

Figure-4.12.4 Typical Cutting and Filling Works in Landslide Area (Creeping Type)

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Figure-4.12.5 Typical Fill Slopes with Berms

Figure-4.12.6 Stabilization of Slopes

The various aspects to be considered while making the project roads are briefly described in the following paragraphs.

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Construction

Area for clearing and grubbing shall be kept minimum subject to the technical requirements of the road. The clearing area shall be properly demarcated to save desirable trees and shrubs and to keep tree cutting to the minimum.

Where erosion is likely to be a problem, clearing and grubbing operations shall be so scheduled and performed that grading operations and permanent erosion control of features can follow immediately thereafter, if the project conditions permit; otherwise temporary erosion control measures shall be provided between successive construction stages. Under no circumstances, however, a very large surface area of erodible earth material be exposed at any one time by clearing and grubbing.

The method of balanced cut and fill formation shall be adopted to avoid large difference in cut and fill quantities.

The cut slopes shall be suitably protected by breast walls, provision of flat stable slopes, construction of catch water and intercepting drains, treatment of slopes and unstable areas above and underneath the road, etc.

Where rock blasting is involved, controlled blasting techniques shall be adopted to avoid over-shattering of hill faces.

Excavated material should not be thrown haphazardly but dumped duly dressed up in a suitable form at appropriate places where it cannot get easily washed away by rain, and such spoil deposits may be duly turfed or provided with some vegetative cover.

Drainage

Drainage of the water from hill slopes and road surface is very important. All artificial drains shall be linked with the existing natural drainage system.

Surface drains shall have gentle slopes. Where falls in levels are to be negotiated, check dams with silting basins shall be constructed and that soil is not eroded and carried away by high velocity flows.

Location and alignment of culverts should also be so chosen as to avoid severe erosion at outlets and siltation at inlets.

An amount of Rs. 9.0 million (Table-4.12.1) is earmarked for the purpose of implementing these management measures described above. Contractor will be responsible for implementation of the plan.

Table-4.12.1 Budget for Implementation of EMP Measures for Road Construction

Items I Year II Year III Year IV Year V Year Total

Clearing & grubbing 4000000 4000000

Construction of breast walls

3000000 3000000

Drainage 2000000 2000000

Total 9000000 0 0 0 0 9000000 Source: EIA Report prepared by WAPCOS

Department


4.13 CONSTRUCTION CAMP & CONSTRUCTION WORKERS

During construction there will be potential for construction work camps and spontaneous settlement areas to be developed without sufficient consideration of planning, health, and environmental requirements.

The contractor shall plan, design and construct construction work camps for the construction workers and the officials of the contractors’ organization, which satisfy the following specific requirements. The EMC will be responsible for monitoring activities within the camps to ensure compliance with the plan.

Normally, it has been observed in construction phase of many projects that labour camps are not well planned and are generally haphazard in their layouts, without adequate facilities. The spatial distribution of concentration of construction activities ensures that labour population is likely to be concentrated at two or three major construction sites, i.e. dam, power house and along tunnel alignment. It is recommended that project authorities can compulsorily ask the contractor to make semi-permanent structures for their workers. These structures could be tin sheds. These sheds can have internal compartments allotted to each worker family. The labour camp site should have facilities like electricity, water supply and community latrines. The water for meeting domestic requirements may be collected from the rivers or streams flowing upstream of the labour camps. The water quality of Alaknanda River is good and can be used with/ without chlorination.

4.13.1 Sanitation Facilities

One community latrine can be provided per 20 persons. The sewage from the community latrines can be treated in septic tanks. For each 500 persons, one septic tank should be provided. The effluent from these septic tanks can be disposed off through soak pits. Drinking water facilities and waste disposal sites will be located away from each other. The total construction time for the project is about 5 years. At peak construction phase, there will be an increase in population by 8,200. To ensure that the sewage from the labour camps do not pollute the river water, it has been estimated that about 410 community latrines and 17 septic tanks need to be constructed. The total cost required will be Rs. 12.5 million.

Table-4.13.1 Budget for Sanitary Facilities for Labour Camps Items I Year II Year III Year IV Year V Year Total

Construction of Community latrines with water supply

4000000 4000000 200000 8200000

Construction of Septic tanks

1500000 1750000 1000000 4250000

Miscellaneous & Contingencies

10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 50000

Total 200000 200000 200000 200000 200000 12500000 Source: EIA Report prepared by WAPCOS / CES

Department


4.13.2 Provision of Fuel The cost required for LPG and Kerosene distribution shall be Rs. 9.72 million and Rs. 30.60 million respectively. The total cost required for provisions of fuel works out to Rs.40.32 million. The cost has to be borne by the contractor; hence, the same has not been earmarked in the cost required for implementation of Environmental Management Plan. However, THDC can provide subsidized fuel for such labour population and their families. An amount of Rs 1.0 million needs to be earmarked for this purpose

Table-4.13.2 Cost Estimate for LPG Distribution Year No. of

Employees Annual requirement

@1cylinder/family/month (No. of cylinders)

Total Cost @Rs. 300/cylinder(Rs. million)

I 400 4800 1.44 II 500 6000 1.80 III 600 7200 2.16 IV 600 7200 2.16 V 600 7200 2.16

Total 9.72 Source: EIA Report prepared by WAPCOS

Table-4.13.3 Cost Estimate for Kerosene Distribution

Year No. of labours

Quantity @15 litre/family/month (litres/year)

Total Cost @ Rs. 20/litre (Rs. million)

I 1000 180,000 3.60 II 1500 270,000 5.40 III 2000 360,000 7.20 IV 2000 360,000 7.20 V 2000 360,000 7.20

Total 30.60 Source: EIA Report prepared by WAPCOS

Table-4.13.4 Year wise Budget for Fuel Item I Year II Year III Year IV Year V Year Total Rs. Kerosene/ LPG

200000 200000 200000 200000 200000 10,00,000

4.13.3 Other Facilities

1. Paved internal roads, storm water drainage systems to prevent stagnant

water, adequate day time, night time and security lighting will be provided 2. Camp areas will be sited to allow effective natural drainage. 3. Camps shall consist of living facilities with housing mess, recreational and

sanitary facilities for all workers accommodated within the camps. 4. Effective sediment control measures during construction and operation of

the construction work camps in accordance with the Environmental Requirements, especially near rivers.

Department


5. Fire fighting equipment and services and portable fire extinguishers will be provided for all building

6. Medical and first aid facilities will be provided at each camp area 7. The camp areas shall have an adequate supply of potable water compliant

with WHO criteria and Applicable Laws 8. Ventilation of buildings within the camp areas will be in accordance with

Applicable Laws and Standards 9. Adequate provision for medical facility; signage for awareness on health

and hygiene; and condom vending machines and other awareness materials to combat HIV/AIDS

4.14 PUBLIC HEALTH DELIVERY SYSTEM

The increase in water fringe area provides suitable habitats for the growth of vectors of various diseases and they are likely to increase the incidence of water-related diseases. Malaria is one such disease. Malaria control measures which aim at destroying the habitat and interrupting the life cycle of mosquitoes by mechanical or biological or chemical means need to be implemented. The anti-malarial operations can be coordinated by Primary Health Centre (PHC) in the nearby villages and Hospital at District Headquarters in association with the project proponents. The suggested measures are given in following paragraphs:

Site selected for habitation of workers should not be in the path of natural drainage.

Adequate drainage system to dispose storm water drainage from the labour colonies

should be provided.

Adequate vaccination and immunization facilities should be provided for workers at the construction site.

Labour camps and resettlement sites should be at least 2 km away from a main

water body or quarry areas.

4.14.1 Development of Medical Facilities A population of about 8,200 is likely to congregate during the construction phase. The labour population will be concentrated at two or three sites. There is no medical facility in the immediate vicinity of the project area. It is recommended that necessary medical facilities be developed at the project site. It is also recommended that the dispensary should be developed during project construction phase itself, so that it can serve the labour population migrating in the area as well as the local population.

4.14.2 Proposed Health Facilities at Construction Sites and Labour Camp It is possible that during the construction period, technical staff operating different equipments is not only exposed to the physical strain of work but also to

Department


the physical effects of the environment in which they are working. The workers and other technical staff may come up with common manifestations such as insect bites, fever, diarrhoea, work exhaustion and other diseases. In addition they may invariably come up with injuries caused by accidents at work site. Under all circumstances, workers need immediate medical care. A first-aid centre is to be provided at each of the major construction sites, so that workers are immediately attended to in case of an injury or accident. This first-aid centre will have at least the following facilities:

First aid box with essential medicines including ORS packets First aid appliances-splints and dressing materials Stretcher, wheel chair, etc.

4.14.3 Health Extension Activities

The health extension activities will have to be carried out in the villages situated in the nearby areas. It is important to inculcate hygienic habits of environmental sanitation especially with respect to water pollution by domestic wastes. There would be possibility of the transmission of communicable diseases due to migration of labour population from other areas at the construction site. The doctors from the dispensary should make regular visits to these villages and organize health promotional activities with the active participation of the local village Panchayat, NGOs and available local health functionaries. The health functionaries would undertake the following tasks as a part of health promotional activities:

Collect water samples to ascertain the potability of water from different sources so as to monitor regular disinfection of drinking water sources.

Maintain close surveillance on incidence of communicable diseases in these

villages.

Maintain close liaison with the community leaders and health functionaries of different departments, so that they can be mobilized in case of an emergency.

4.14.4 Budget for Public Health Delivery System

The cost estimated for implementation of Public Health Delivery System is Rs. 37.30 million. The details are given in the following paragraphs.

Department


Table 4.14.1 Budget for Public Health Delivery System

Items I Year II Year III Year IV Year V Year Amount ( Rs.)

Construction & establishment of Hospital / Dispensaries

16000000 - - - - 16000000

Doctors 840000 840000 840000 840000 840000 4200000

Nurses 576000 576000 576000 576000 576000 2880000

Health workers 480000 480000 480000 480000 480000 2400000

Attendants 288000 288000 288000 288000 288000 1440000

Drivers 300000 300000 300000 300000 300000 1500000

Health assistants

192000 192000 192000 192000 192000 960000

Dressers 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 600000

Drugs & Medicine

600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 3000000

Ambulance 1600000 800000 2400000

Recurring Expenditure & Contingencies

204000 204000 204000 204000 204000 1020000

HIV / AIDS Protection

200000 200000 200000 200000 200000 900000

TOTAL 21,400,000 4,600,000 3,800,000 3,800,000 3,700,000 37,300,000

Source: EIA Report WAPCOS / CES Infrastructure Hospital / Dispensary: It is proposed that THDC may establish Hospital / Dispensary at two locations where the influx of labour is maximum. The two locations i.e dam site and colony/powerhouse site are identified for establishment of the Hospital / Dispensary. In addition to this Ambulances equipped with necessary medical aid shall be procured by the project. Assistance as and when required shall be taken from District Hospital functional at Gopeshwar. A total budget of Rs. 16 million and Rs. 2.4 million has been earmarked towards establishment of Hospital/ Dispensary and Ambulances respectively. .

Department

Project : Environmental Studies for Vishnugad Pipalkoti Hydro-Electric Project Page: 55 Document : 2008026/EC/Final Report Date: Nov 2009 Chapter-4 : Environmental Management Plan Revision: R4 4.15 RESPONSIBILITY MATRIX

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is the key to ensure a safe and clean environment. The desired results from the environmental mitigation measures proposed in the project may not be obtained without a management plan to assure its proper implementation & function. The EMP envisages the plans for the proper implementation of mitigation measures to reduce the adverse impacts arising out of the project activities during pre-construction, construction and operation stage. • Pre-construction Stage: During the pre-construction stage, management measures required will include land acquisition, the

clearance of the site, borrow area & quarry area identification, arrangement of construction water, measures for relocation of sensitive receptors (if any) such as temple, mosque etc. and other utilities likely to be impacted etc.

• Construction Stage: Construction stage is the most crucial and active stage of the EMP. The construction activities shall increase

pollution load in the atmosphere as well as there shall be some other impacts. Therefore, in addition to the monitoring of construction activity to ensure that the environment is not impacted beyond permissible limits, safety of the workers, labour camp management, disposal of construction waste and risks associated with construction activities such as accidental spillages and consequent damage to the surrounding environment in terms of loss of flora, fauna, agricultural crops or loss of fertile land shall be monitored simultaneously.

• Operation Stage: The operation stage shall essentially entail monitoring activity within the project area. The monitoring for

pollutants specified in the monitoring plan will serve two purposes. In addition to checking the efficacy of the protection/mitigation/enhancement measures implemented, this will help to verify or refute the predictions made as a part of impact assessment. Thus, it will complete a very important feedback loop for THDC.


Table-4.15.1 Environmental Management Measures & Responsibilities - Pre-construction Stage Sl. Environmental Impacts (Direct/ Indirect) Management Measures Responsibility No. Issues Planning and

Execution Supervision/ Monitoring

P1. Acquisition of Forest land

Diversion of 100.39 ha(includes 23.13 ha land forunderground works) forest land

100% compensation shall be provided towards the cost of forest land to be diverted and cost of compensatory afforestation. Cost of compensatory afforestation shall be decided by the Forest Department at the time of Forest Clearance.

Forest Clearance for 15.063 ha of Forest land already

been obtained and possession has been taken by THDC

For remaining forest land, THDC has submitted the documents to Nodal Office at Dehradun, which is under progress

State Forest Department,

EMC of THDC

THDC

P 2. Felling of Trees The tree density in the project area ranges from 570-640/ha, which indicates the area have moderate tree cover

All efforts shall be made to preserve trees including evaluation of minor design adjustments (as applicable) to save trees. Specific attention shall be given for protecting trees of importance and of big sizes. Tree cutting is to be carried out only after all the legal requirements are completed and subsequently a written order is issued to the Project Proponent by the Forest Department. Stacking, transport and storage of the wood shall be done as per the relevant norms. Systematic corridor level documentation for the trees cut and those saved shall be maintained by the EMC.

State Forest Department,

EMC of THDC

THDC

Project : Environmental Studies for Vishnugad Pipalkoti Hydro-Electric Project Page: 57 Document : 2008026/EC/Final Report Date: Nov 2009 Chapter-4 : Environmental Management Plan Revision: R4 Sl. Environmental Impacts (Direct/ Indirect) Management Measures Responsibility No. Issues Planning and


P.3 Clearing &

Grubbing Loss of biodiversity Loss of habitat

Vegetation shall be removed from the construction zone before commencement of construction. All works shall be carried out such that the damage or disruption to flora other than those identified for cutting is minimum. Only ground cover/shrubs that impinge directly on the permanent works or necessary temporary works shall be removed with prior approval from the Environmental Expert of EMC. The Contractor, under any circumstances shall not cut or damage trees. Trees identified under the project shall be cut only after receiving clearance from the State Forest Department or after the receipt of written permission from THDC.

The Contractor EMC / THDC

P.4 Construction vehicles, equipment and machinery

Deterioration of air quality,noise level and surface water quality

All vehicles, equipment and machinery to be procured and brought to site for construction shall confirm to the relevant Bureau of India Standard (BIS) norms and the manufacturer’s specifications. The discharge standards promulgated under the Environment Protection Act, 1986 shall be strictly adhered to. Noise limits for construction equipment to be procured shall not exceed the value specified in the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986. The equipment proposed to be used for construction and




installed close to waterway/streams, must be checked and certified fit, especially with respect to the potential leakage of oil and grease. The inspection should verify that: Equipment is clean (free of mud, dirt and oil) Equipment is in good working order. A drip pan is available for equipment that shall be stored on site.

Contractor has a spill kit Operator is trained on the refuelling, maintenance and emergency spill procedures.

A log book shall be maintained documenting all fuelling and maintenance events (date, time, location, condition of site, weather conditions, amount of fuel on maintenance event, issues).

Adequate inspections shall be conducted during the construction period.

P.5 Labour

requirements Employment opportunity The Contractor is encouraged to the extent practicable &

reasonable to employ staff and labour with appropriate qualifications from sources within India and in particular from the local area. The contractor shall keep the Panchayat informed of opportunities for employment of local labour.


P.6 Construction Likely sanitation & healthhazards & other impacts on the

Sitting of the construction camps shall be as per the The Contractor EMC / THDC



camp – location, design and lay-out

surrounding environment due to inflow of construction labourers.

guidelines below: Construction camps shall not be proposed within 500 m from the nearest settlements to avoid conflicts and stress over the infrastructure facilities with the local community. The waste disposal and sewage system for the camp shall be designed, built and operated such that no odour is generated. Unless otherwise arranged by the local sanitary authority, arrangements for night soils (human excreta) disposal approved by the local medical health or municipal authorities or as directed by Environmental Expert of EMC shall have to be provided by the contractor.

P.7 Arrangements fortemporary land

Temporary acquisition of land The Contractor as per prevalent rules shall carry out negotiations with the landowners for obtaining their consent for temporary use of lands for workers camp, construction sites etc. The Environmental Expert of EMC shall ensure that the clearing up of the site prior to handling over to the owner (after construction or completion of the activity) is duly carried out by the Contractor. From P.1 (given in Annex-4.15.1) shall be used for reporting status of temporarily acquired land to Environmental Expert




P.8 Orientation of Implementing Agency and the Contractors

The EMC of THDC shall organize orientation sessions and regular training sessions during all stages of the project. This shall include on-site training (general as well as in the specific context of a sub-project). The Contractor shall ensure that his environmental staff attends these sessions.

EMC / THDC EMC / THDC


Table-4.15.2 Environmental Management Measures & Responsibilities - Construction Stage Sl. Environmental Impacts (Direct/ Indirect) Management Measures Responsibility No. Issues Execution/ Civil

Work Supervision/ Monitoring

C.1 Preservation oftop soil

Loss of top soil The topsoil from all areas of cutting and all areas to be permanently covered shall be stripped to a specified depth of 15 cm and stored in stockpiles. A portion of the temporarily acquired area shall be earmarked for storing topsoil. The locations for stock piling shall be pre-identified in consultation and with approval of Environmental Expert of Supervision Consultant (SC) & EMC. The following precautionary measures shall be taken to preserve them till they are used: (a) Stockpile shall be designed such that the slope doesnot exceed 1:2 (vertical to horizontal), and height of the pile is restricted to 2 m. To retain soil and to allow percolation of water, the edges of the pile shall be protected by silt fencing (b) Stockpiles shall not be surcharged or otherwise loaded and multiple handling shall be kept to a minimum to ensure that no compaction shall occur. Such stockpiled topsoil shall be utilized for - covering all disturbed areas including borrow areas top dressing of the muck disposal areas in the agricultural fields of farmers, acquired

temporarily. Residual topsoil, if there is any shall be utilized for the plantation.

The Contractor Environmental Expert of SC

and EMC

Project : Environmental Studies for Vishnugad Pipalkoti Hydro-Electric Project Page: 62 Document : 2008026/EC/Final Report Date: Nov 2009 Chapter-4 : Environmental Management Plan Revision: R4 Sl. Environmental Impacts (Direct/ Indirect) Management Measures Responsibility No. Issues Execution/ Civil


C.2 Earth fromBorrow Areas for Construction

Disfiguration of topographydue to indiscriminatedigging of borrow pits

No borrow area shall be opened without permission of the Environmental Expert of EMC & SC.

Uncontrolled digging ofborrow pits resulting inwater accumulation &breeding of vector disease.

The Contractor shall rehabilitate the borrow areas as soon as borrowing is over from a particular borrow area in accordance with the Borrow Area Rehabilitation/ Redevelopment Guidelines or as instructed by the Environmental Expert.


and EMC

C.3 Quarry operation Loss of vegetation Deterioration of surface

water quality Dust generation Slope instability

The Contractor shall develop a Comprehensive Quarry Redevelopment Plan as per the Mining Rules of Uttarakhand and submit a copy to EMC and SC prior to opening of the quarry site. The quarry operations shall be undertaken within the rules and regulations in force. Sediment traps will be installed Dust suppression measures will be implemented Landscaping will be carried out by the Contractor to rehabilitate the quarry areas as soon as quarrying is over from a particular area In borrow pits, the depth shall be so regulated that the sides of the excavation shall have a slope not steeper than 1 vertical to 2 horizontal, from the edge of the final section of the bank.


and EMC

C.4 Constructionwater

Impact on the local water sources due to use of

The Contractor shall arrange adequate supply and storage of water for the whole construction period at his own costs.




construction water. The Contractor shall submit a list of source/s from where water shall be used for the project to SC and EMC. The Contractor shall take all precaution to minimize the wastage of water in the construction process. Form C.1 (given in Annex-4.15.1) shall be used for reporting.

and EMC

C.5 Construction ofapproach roads

Soil erosion Dust Generation Slope instability

The Contractor shall provide necessary drainage measures to control soil erosion & fly of dust etc., and shall take necessary slope protection measures for making the slopes stable, as directed by Environmental Expert of SC & EMC.


and EMC

C.6 Muck disposal Loss of vegetation Loss of top soil Heavy siltation of river

specially during monsoon season due to muck falling in surface water/ river

Loss of aesthetic value of the area

Top soil will be reused for landscaping activities

Suitable retaining walls shall be constructed at muck disposal sites to develop terraces so as to support the muck on vertical slope and for optimum space utilization. Loose muck would be compacted layer wise. The muck disposal area will be developed in a series of terraces of boulder crate wall and masonrywall to protect the muck from flood water during monsoons. In-between the terraces, catch water drain will be provided. The terraces of the muck disposal area will be ultimately covered with fertile soil and suitable tree species will be planted.


and EMC



C.7 Water pollution

from - construction wastes and fuel & lubricants

Increase of sediment load in the run off fromconstruction sites and increase in turbidity in receiving water bodies.

The Contractor shall take all precautionary measures

to prevent the wastewater generated during construction from entering into Alaknanda River & its tributaries,

Water pollution due tosewage from construction camps.

All waste arising from the project is to be disposed off

in the manner that is acceptable to the State Pollution Control Board or as directed by Environmental Expert.

Deterioration of surface water quality.

Construction activities shall be prohibited during the rainy season.

The Contractor shall ensure that all construction vehicle parking location, fuel/lubricants storage sites, vehicle, machinery and equipment maintenance sites are located at least 100 m away from water body.

The Contractor shall also ensure that spillage of fuels and lubricants do not contaminate the ground.

All location and lay-out plans of such sites shall be submitted by the Contractor prior to their establishment and shall be approved by the Environmental Expert of SC and EMC. The Contractor shall arrange for collection, storing and disposal of oily wastes to the pre-identified disposal sites


and EMC

C.8 Air pollution Deterioration of air quality due to fugitive dusts emission from construction activities like excavation,

The Contractor shall take every precaution (water sprinkling etc.) to reduce the level of dust generating from construction site.


and EMC



backfilling & concreting,and hauling & dumping of earth materials & construction spoils, and vehicular movement along unpaved roads.

The Contractor shall provide necessary certificates to confirm that all crushers used in construction conform to relevant dust emission control legislation.

Deterioration of air qualitydue to gaseous emissions from constructionequipment & vehiculartraffic.

The Contractor shall ensure that all vehicles, equipments and machineries used for construction are regularly maintained and confirm that pollution emission levels comply with the relevant requirements of State Pollution Control Board (SPCB).

The Contractor shall submit PUC certificates for all vehicles/ equipment/ machinery used for the project and maintains a record of the same during the contract period. Monitoring results shall also be submitted to SC and EMC as per the monitoring plan.

Appropriate Ventilation in Underground works.

C.9 Noise pollution Increase in noise level due to construction activities like operation of construction equipment, blasting & vehicular traffic.

The Contractor shall confirm the following:

All plants and equipments used in construction shall strictly conform to the CPCB noise standards.

All vehicles and equipment used in construction shall be fitted with exhaust silencers.

Servicing of all construction vehicles and machinery shall be done regularly and during routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of exhaust silencers shall be checked and if found defective shall be replaced.

At the Construction sites noise be restricted as per the


and EMC



norms under Environment Protection Act 1986. A noise meter be installed for time to time measurements.

Form C.2 (given in Annex-4.15.1) shall be used for pollution monitoring during construction.

C.10 Safety Personal safety measures for labour

Risk from electrical equipments

The Contractor shall provide: Protective footwear and protective goggles to all

workers employed on mixing asphalt materials, cement, concrete etc.

Protective goggles and clothing to workers engaged in stone breaking activities, welding activities etc.

Earplugs to workers exposed to loud noise, and workers working in crushing, compaction, or concrete mixing operation.

Adequate safety measures for workers during handling of materials at site.

Helmets & Boots for workers working underground and in open excavation areas.

Safety Belts etc. The Contractor shall comply with all the precautions as required for ensuring the safety of the workmen as per the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention No. 62 as far as those are applicable to this contract. The Contractor shall make sure that during the


and EMC



construction work all relevant provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 and the Building and other Construction Workers (regulation of Employment and Conditions of Services) Act, 1996 are adhered to. The Contractor shall not employ any person below the age of 14 years for any work and no woman shall be employed on the work of painting with products containing lead in any form. The Contractor shall also ensure that no paint containing lead or lead products is used except in the form of paste or readymade paint. He shall provide facemasks for use to the workers when paint is applied in the form of spray or a surface having lead paint is rubbed and scraped. The Contractor shall mark ‘no smoking’ in high risk areas and enforce non-compliance of use of PPE with zero tolerance. These shall be reflected in the Construction Safety Plan to be prepared by the Contractor during mobilization and shall be approved by SC and EMC. All machines to be used in the construction shall conform to the relevant Indian Standards (IS) codes, are free from patent defect, are kept in good working order, regularly inspected and properly maintained as per IS provision and to the satisfaction of the Environmental Expert.



C.11 First aid Health related problems toconstruction workers due toinadequate health & safetymeasures.

The Contractor shall arrange for –

A readily available first aid unit including adequate supply of sterilized dressing materials and appliances as per the Factories Rules in every work zone

Availability of suitable transport at all times to take injured or sick person(s) to the nearest hospital

Equipment and trained nursing staff at construction camp.


and EMC

C.12 Labour CampManagement

Likely sanitation & healthhazards & other impacts on the surrounding environment dueto inflow of constructionlabourers.

Accommodation:

The Contractor shall follow all relevant provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 and the Building and the other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 for construction and maintenance of labour camp. Potable water: The Contractor shall: a) Supply of sufficient quantity of potable water in every

workplace/labour camp at suitable and easily accessible places and regular maintenance of such facilities.

b) If any water storage tank is provided, the bottom of the tank shall be kept at least 1mt. above the surrounding ground level.

c) Testing of water shall be done every month as per parameters prescribed in IS 10500:1991.


and EMC



Sanitation and sewage system: The Contractor shall ensure that: The sewage system for the camp shall be designed,

built and operated in such a fashion that it should not pollute the ground water or nearby surface water.

Separate toilets/bathrooms, shall be arranged for men and women

Adequate water supply is to be provided in all toilets and urinals

All toilets in workplaces are with dry-earth system (receptacles) which are to be cleaned and kept in a strict sanitary condition

Night soil (human excreta) is to be disposed off by putting layer of it at the bottom of a permanent tank prepared for the purpose and covered with 15 cm. layer of waste or refuse and then covered with a layer of earth for a fortnight.

Waste disposal: The Contractor shall provide segregated garbage bins (biodegradable and non- biodegradable) in the camps and ensure that these are regularly emptied and disposed off in a hygienic manner as per the Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan approved by the Environmental Expert of SC. Form C.3 (given in Annex-4.15.1) shall be used for hygiene reporting of construction/labour camps.



Environmental Expert of SC shall be required to inspect the labour camp once in a week to ensure the compliance of the EMP.

C.13 Contractor’sDemobilization

Clean-up operations,restoration and rehabilitation

The Contractor shall prepare site restoration plans, which shall be approved by the Environmental Expert of SC and EMC. The clean-up and restoration operations are to be implemented by the Contractor prior to demobilization. The Contractor shall clear all temporary structures; dispose all garbage, night soils, POL waste and all construction zones as per Comprehensive Waste Management Plan and as approved by SC. All disposal pits or trenches shall be filled in and effectively sealed off. Residual topsoil, if any shall be distributed on adjoining/ proximate barren land or areas identified by Environmental Expert


and EMC

C.14 Cultural Property Chance find duringconstruction, if any.

Whenever chance finds of cultural or historical artifacts (moveable and immovable) are made the Department of Archaeology of the state Government, the Archaeological Survey of India will be informed. Should the continuation of work endanger the historical and cultural artifacts, the project work will be suspended until a solution is found for the preservation of these artifacts, or advice from the Archaeological Survey of India is obtained. • Contractors, employees of the contractors and all project

employees will be responsible for informing the Project Director immediately after discovery of the chance find,

Construction Contractor / THDC

Archaeological Survey of

India



without any judgment on their own on the value of the chance find. The Project head will be responsible to inform the Department of Archaeology of the State Government, and the Archaeological Survey of India, local Office, within 48 hours of such discovery.

• The Project Head will request for a representative of the State Department of Archaeology, Government of Uttarakhand, and/or the Archaeological Survey of India, local Office in Uttarakhand to make a site inspection.

• Project Head will order cessation of work in the vicinity of the chance find until the visit of a representative (usually required within 48-72 hours of notification); and follow the advice by the State Department of Archaeology, and / or the Archaeological Survey of India on possible salvage or excavation (usually required within 48-72 hours of notification).

• Failure to report a chance find within the 48 hours of discovery, is a punishable offence under the relevant Indian legislation. Similarly, (intentional) damage to a historical or cultural artifact is a punishable offence.

C.15 SocialManagement

The Social Impact of Work force of this size will be significant especially in small communities near the camp. Although the impact will be short term (Construction

• Understanding existing conditions & trends related to demography and employment.

• Identifying potential impacts of camps and related construction activities, including the work force requirements and potential impacts on services and communities in the project areas, impact on natural



period). There are also a number of specific impacts arising from the interaction between the social & physical environment which requires immediate mitigation such as the risk of exposure to Dust, the increase risk of traffic accidents etc.

resources such as forest produce and developing procedure to minimise the impacts.

• Identification of Mitigation measures. • Direct work force local labour recruitment policy. • Social management of potential risks associated with

spontaneous camp followers. • Management & Monitoring of health issues in the

Contractor’s camp area / work areas which shall necessarily include test for HIV.

• Provision of free fuel wood, kerosene oil, or LPG to workers.

• Community outreach & communication programme including resolution mechanism to deal with issues and concerns that they may arise during the construction period.

• Code of Conduct – Work Force behaviour. • Detailed procedures for receiving and addressing

complaints including a complaint register. • Educating the work force on traditional village life. • Communicating risks to villagers and river user etc.


Table-4.15.3 Environmental Management Measures & Responsibilities – Operation Stage Sl. Environmental Impacts (Direct/ Indirect)/

Implications Management Measures Responsibility

No. Issues Execution/ Civil Work

Supervision/ Monitoring

O.1 Monitoring Operation Performance

Enhancement of surroundingenvironment of the project area

The EMC shall monitor the operational performance of the various mitigation/ enhancement measures carried out as a part of the project.

The indicators selected for monitoring include the survival rate of trees; utility ofenhancement provision for relocated utilities and structures; status of rehabilitation of borrow areas; quarry areas; muck disposal sites etc.

EMC THDC

O.2 Pollution Monitoring To evaluate the performance of mitigation measures proposed in the EMP

To suggest improvements in management plan, if required

To enhance environmental quality To satisfy the legal and community

obligations

The periodic monitoring of the ambient air quality, noise level, water quality, soil pollution/contamination in the selected locations as suggested in Environmental Monitoring Plan shall be the responsibility of EMC.

EMC shall appoint SPCB approved Pollution Monitoring Agency for this purpose. Form O.1 (given in Annex-4.15.1) shall be used for pollution monitoring.

Pollution Monitoring Agency, EMC

THDC

O.3 Terrestrial Biodiversity

100.39 ha (includes 23.13 ha land for underground works)forest land

Compensatory Afforestation plan towards loss of forest

Effective Catchment Treatment Plan

State Forest Department/ EMC

THDC


Sl. Environmental Impacts (Direct/ Indirect)/ Implications

Management Measures Responsibility

No. Issues Execution/ Civil Work

Supervision/ Monitoring

and associated vegetation will be affected by the project

Improved accessibility of the area and increased human population in the area will increase pressure on natural resources and wildlife

Increased land erosion in the catchment area

Control measures for grazing Control measures for forest fire


4.16 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN 4.16.1 Introduction

Environmental monitoring is an essential component for sustainability of any water resources project. It is an integral part of any environmental assessment process. Any water resources project introduces complex inter-relationships in the project area between people, various natural resources, biota and the many developing forces. Thus, a new environment is created. Monitoring will determine during the concession period (pre-construction, construction and operation) whether the mitigation measures undertaken by construction contractor, THDC and other agencies responsible for implementation of activities are achieving their objectives. A monitoring plan is framed to monitor the implementation of activities provided in EMP. EMC, VPHEP in association with Corporate office shall be monitoring the EMP. However, a third-party monitoring for the implementation of the EMP will be conducted by an agency or a committee of experts who will visit the Project site twice a year to oversee and evaluate the EMP implementation and suggest improvements. In addition, THDC has retained an International Panel of Experts on Environment and social to advise THDC during preparation phase and this will continue in the implementation phase as well. An Environmental Monitoring Programme has been designed with the following objectives:

Assess the changes in environmental conditions, if any, during construction and operation of the project;

Monitor the effective implementation of mitigation measures; Warning of any significant deterioration in environmental quality so that

additional mitigation measures may be planned in advance

From the monitoring point of view, the important parameters are water quality, ecology, land use, induced impacts etc. The suggested monitoring details are outlined in the following sections.

4.16.2 Water Quality Construction Phase: It is proposed to monitor the effluent before and after treatment from septic tanks. The frequency of monitoring could be once per month. Since, 17 septic tanks have been proposed for labour camps, a total of (17 septic tanks* 12 months* 2 samples, i.e. before and after treatment) 408 samples/year need to be analysed. The parameters to be monitored include pH, Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand, Total Suspended Solids and Total Dissolved Solids. The cost of treatment of one sample is expected to be Rs. 2,000/-. Thus, total cost for analysis of 408 samples is expected to be Rs. 0..96 million/year. The total cost over the entire construction phase works out to Rs.4.98 million.


The analysis work can be done by a laboratory recognized by the State Pollution Control Board or the same can be done in-house by THDC. Operation phase: The surface water quality of the impounded water and river Alaknanda needs to be monitored thrice a year. The proposed parameters to be monitored include pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, calcium, magnesium, total hardness, chlorides, sulphates, nitrates, DO, COD, BOD, Iron, Zinc and Manganese. The sampling sites shall be: • 1 km upstream of reservoir periphery • 1 and 3 km downstream of the confluence of the tail race discharge • Reservoir water The total cost of analysis will be Rs.0.09 million/year. This analysis shall be done throughout the entire life of the project. The analysis work can be conducted by a reputed external agency recognized by State Pollution Control Board or the same can be done in-house by THDC. During project operation phase, a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) is proposed to be set up to treat the effluent from the project colony. Once every week, it is envisaged to analyse a sample each before and after treatment from the STP. The parameters to be analysed include pH, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total Suspended Solids and Total Dissolved Solids. The cost of analysis of 104 samples @ Rs.2000 per sample works out to Rs.0.21 million/year. Thus, total cost for analysis in project operation works out to Rs.0.30 million/year. The analysis work can be conducted by a reputed external agency recognized by State Pollution Control Board or the same can be done in-house by THDC.

4.16.3 Ambient Air Quality and Meteorology Construction Phase: The ambient air quality monitoring during construction phase can be carried out by an external agency, approved by State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) at four locations. Monitoring location will be finalized in consultation with SPCB. Every year monitoring is to be done for three seasons namely, winter, summer and Post-monsoon. The frequency of monitoring could be twice a week for four consecutive weeks at each station for each season. The parameters to be monitored are Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM) and Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Nitrogen Oxides (NOx). Every year, ambient air quality is to be monitored for (4 stations * 2 days/week * 4 weeks * 3 seasons) 96 days. A total cost of Rs. 0.56 million/year can be earmarked for this purpose. For a project construction phase of 5 years, the total cost required shall be Rs. 2.84 million. A meteorological station will be set up (by UKPCB with financing from the project) at one of the ambient air quality monitoring stations. Automatic recorders for temperature, wind speed and direction, humidity, rainfall needs to be


commissioned at the site. An amount of Rs. 0.50 million has been be earmarked for this purpose.

4.16.4 Noise Construction Phase: Noise emissions from vehicular movement, operation of the construction equipment may be monitored during construction phase at major construction sites. The frequency of monitoring could be once in every three months. Monitoring location will be finalized in consultation with SPCB. An amount of Rs. 0.05 million has been earmarked for this purpose.

4.16.5 Ecology Construction Phase: A detailed ecological survey covering forestry, fisheries, wildlife is recommended during the entire construction phase. The survey can be conducted once every year for the entire construction period. The various aspects to be covered include qualitative and quantitative assessment of flora & fauna and monitoring of restoration of muck disposal area. Operation Phase: Monitoring of aquatic ecology will be essential to achieve sustainable yield of fish. Some of the parameters to be monitored are phytoplanktons, zooplanktons, benthic life and fish composition etc. The parameters can be monitored twice every year at the water sampling sites. The monitoring can be conducted by a reputed external agency for which an amount of Rs.0.3 million/year has been earmarked. Status of afforestation programmes, changes in migration patterns of the aquatic and terrestrial fauna species should be studied. The staff at the proposed unit of the Environmental Management Cell can undertake the work. A provision of Rs.0.2 million/year has been kept for this purpose.

4.16.6 Soil Erosion and Siltation Operation Phase: Soil erosion rates, slope stability of embankments of barrage, efficacy of soil conservation measures need to be closely monitored twice a year. The study can be done by the staff of the proposed Environmental Management Cell. The study should be undertaken throughout the life of the project so as to design the soil erosion prevention measures and also for the rehabilitation/decommissioning of the project. Following parameters like soil erosion rates, stability of bank embankment would be measured. In addition to above, soil quality at various locations in the catchment area needs to be monitored once every year. The parameters to be monitored are pH, organic matter and texture. A provision of Rs.0.16 million/ year has been made for this purpose.


4.16.7 Incidence of Water-Related Diseases Construction Phase: Identification of water-related diseases, adequacy of local vector control and curative measures, status of public health are some of the parameters which will be closely monitored three times a year with the help of data maintained in the government dispensaries/hospitals. The monitoring can be done by Public Health Department and other agencies e.g. hospitals and dispensaries constructed by the project proponents. The total cost required for monitoring over the entire project construction phase of 5 years shall be Rs. 2.44 million. Operation Phase: Increased prevalence of various vector borne diseases and adequacy of local vector control and curative measures need to be monitored. The monitoring can be done three times in a year. The monitoring can be done by Public Health Department and other agencies, e.g. hospitals and dispensaries constructed by the project proponents.

4.16.8 Land Use Operation Phase: During project operation phase, it is proposed to monitor land use pattern once every year using satellite data as procured by National Remote Sensing Agency, Hyderabad. Summary of environmental monitoring programme are given in Table-4.16.1 and Table-4.16.2.

Table-4.16.1 Summary of Environmental Monitoring Programme during Construction

Phase S. N. Component Parameters Frequency Location

1. Effluent from septic tanks

pH, BOD, COD, TSS, TDS

Once every month Before and after treatment from each septic tank

2. Air quality SPM, RPM, SO2 and NOx

Once every season At four locations

3. Meteorological aspects

Wind speed & direction, temperature, relative humidity, rain fall

Thorough out the construction period

At one of the ambient air quality sampling sites

4.

Noise Equivalent noise level (Leq)

Once in three months

At major construction sites.

5. Water-related diseases

Identification of water related diseases, adequacy of local vector control and curative measure, etc.

Three times a year Labour camps and colonies

Source: EIA Report prepared by WAPCOS


Table-4.16.2 Summary of Environmental Monitoring Programme during Operation Phase

S. N. Component Parameters Frequency Location 1. Water

Quality pH, Temperature, EC, Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids, Calcium, Magnesium, Total Hardness, Chlorides, Sulphates, Nitrates, DO. COD, BOD, Iron, Zinc, Manganese

Thrice a year 1 km upstream of dam site Submergence area 1 and 3 km

downstream of Tail Race discharge

2. Effluent from Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)

pH, BOD, COD, TSS, TDS Once every week

Before and after treatment from Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)

3. Soil Erosion & Siltation

Soil erosion rates, stability of bank embankment, etc.

Twice a year -

4. Ecology Status of afforestation programme; green belt development programme

Once in a year

-

5. Water-related diseases

Identification of water-related diseases, sites, adequacy of local vector control measures, etc.

Three times a year

Villages adjacent to project area

6. Aquatic ecology

Phytoplanktons, zooplanktons, benthic life, fish composition

Once a year 1 km upstream of dam site Submergence area 1 and 3 km d/s of

Tail Race discharge7.

Land use Land use pattern using satellite data

Once in a year

Catchment area

8. Soil pH, EC, texture, organic matter Once in a year

Catchment area


4.16.9 Environmental Monitoring Budget

A capital cost provision of Rs. 22.31 million has been kept for implementation of environmental monitoring programme as presented in Table-4.16.3.

Table-4.16.3 Budget for Environmental Monitoring Programme

Construction Phase Items I Year II Year III Year IV Year V Year

Operation Phase

Total

Water Quality 90000 90000

Air Quality& meteorology

568000 568000 568000 568000 568000 2840000

Noise Level 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 500000

Water related diseases

488000 488000 488000 488000 488000 2440000


Construction Phase Items I Year II Year III Year IV Year V Year

Operation Phase

Total

Effluent/ Water Quality monitoring

996000 996000 996000 996000 996000 300000 5280000

Aquatic ecology- Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, macro-zoobenthos, fish

500000 500000

Soil erosion & siltation

160000 160000

Environmental Expert Panel (1+5)

2100000 2100000 2100000 2100000 2100000 10500000

Total 4252000 4252000 4252000 4252000 4252000 1050000 22310000

Source: EIA Report prepared by WAPCOS / CES 4.16.10 Adaptive Environmental Management Requirements

The concept of adaptive management has become a foundation of effective environmental management for initiatives characterized by high levels of ecological uncertainty. Adaptive environmental management is based upon the premise that managed ecosystems are complex and inherently unpredictable. Adaptive management accepts the uncertainty that exists in the real world rather than ignoring it. Consequently adaptive management views management actions as experiments rather than solutions. Generally, adaptive management of environmental issues involve the monitoring and evaluation of the environmental performance of a particular program or activity and responding to that evaluation with appropriate changes to the program or activity. This is an iterative process, repeated for as long as it takes for an environmental system to stabilize after an impact. THDC recognizes that changes may need to be made to the methods used to address and implement the impact management and monitoring objectives determined for the Project. An Adaptive Management approach will therefore be adopted for environmental and social management components. Adaptive management will be applied to following project related impacts for at least five years irrespective of changes to these over five years period. If any impact does not show uncertainty within five years then that component will be assumed to be stabilized for environmental complexity point of view: • River Water Quality: THDC will continuously monitor river quality for three

seasons every year at 4 locations viz. at 1 km upstream of dam site; submergence area and 1 and 3 km downstream of Tail Race discharge. The monitored results will be utilized for adaptive management of environmental and ecological issues generated from managed flow.


• Silt Load and Grain Size Distribution: Siltation is common phenomenon in

Alaknanda river. Upstream project activities and other natural disasters often dump large amount of silt in the river causing heavy load on power generating units downstream. For the Vishnugad Pipalkoti Hydroelectric Project, measurement of silt load & grain size distribution in the Alaknanda river within the project stretch will be undertaken every year to evaluate the effectiveness of CAT plan and further mitigation/improvement measures required if any. State of the art tools and latest models will be used for this study.

• Indoor Air Quality at Power House Area: This is important parameter for

measuring occupational health of the operators in the powerhouse. Indoor air quality will be monitored twice a year for internationally established indoor air quality parameters. The results will be utilized for designing effective air quality management in the area and continuous improvement of the same.

• Erosion and Landslide: Erosion and landslides will be monitored through

photographic analysis of pre selected areas of rock and land strata at 6 monthly intervals. THDC team will undertake survey of the potential areas, mark and photograph them on visible scale of clarity. Exercise will be repeated every six month and comparative analysis will be made of photograph to identify changes, if any in the rock, vegetation and strata locations. A record will be maintained of changes occurring in the character of the land strata and /or rock. Evaluation will be used for advance warning of possible erosion and landslide possibility.

• Fish Management: Fish management as approved by State Fishery

Department will be implemented and evaluated for progress every year. Adaptive management principles will be implemented in case the progress is not found satisfactory. Budget for fish management will be prepared by the State Fishery Department.

• Review of Adaptive Management Targets: In the first five years, adaptive

management targets and related monitoring requirements will be reviewed and amended. Thus, the adaptive management process will accommodate any changes based on new information.

• Future Studies: In addition to studies already done, other studies are either

ongoing or will be conducted for the project to assist in preventing, mitigating potential project impacts. These studies will also, in some cases, facilitate each of the major areas identified for adaptive management, particularly:

The effect of CAT Plan implementation on reduction on sediment and silt load;

Effect on the landscape of the river banks due to reduced flow of the river; Effectiveness of the EMP implementation


• Budget: The monitoring and evaluation process will require additional and at times, extensive surveys and primary data collection, either to establish a base line or to measure changes. In order to respond to evolving management needs, a contingency budget may be required-especially where response may require capital works.

4.17 GOOD PRACTICES

4.17.1 Landscaping & Re-vegetation

For Landscaping and Re-Vegetation Plan, Contractor will follow the biodiversity management plan, muck disposal management plan, greenbelt development plan and borrow & quarry area management plan.

All areas disturbed by construction activity, including temporary access

roads, will be landscaped to reflect natural contours, restore suitable drainage paths and encourage the reestablishment of vegetation.

Spoil heaps and excavated slopes will be re-profiled to stable batters and

grassed to prevent erosion. Topsoil stripped from the areas occupied by the spoil heaps will be used for landscaping works. Re-establishment of vegetation will be commenced at the earliest possible opportunity.

The EMC will be responsible for ensuring the compliance of the construction

contractors. The EMC will also inspect the construction areas at the end of the construction phase to ensure that the areas have been re-graded to conform to the natural topography and that appropriate grasses and shrubs have been planted to start the re-vegetation process. The constructor contractor will be responsible for the stabilization of construction areas before they are allowed to vacate the construction areas.

4.17.2 Vegetation Clearing

During construction there will be a potential for areas to be cleared in excess

of real requirements and insufficient consideration given to retaining vegetation. THDC will minimize vegetation clearing for construction activities and control erosion and sedimentation from the disturbed areas. All such additional clearance will be subject to the approval of the State Forest Department, if the land is designated as forest land, or if the land supports forests.

All land and forest/vegetation clearing activities will be carried out according

to a site plan, which enforces the minimization of vegetation disturbance.

Areas proposed for clearing will be submitted to and agreed by THDC, and only those proposed areas will be cleared. The design of roads, including temporary and permanent access roads, shall avoid crop areas where


reasonable and practical. The application of chemicals for vegetation clearing will be minimized to the greatest extent reasonable and practical. Chemicals, if any, will be selected on the basis of being non-residual and with regard to human health. Herbicides used in the Project shall have negligible adverse human health effects; be shown to be effective against the target vegetation species; have minimal effect on the natural environment; and be demonstrated to be safe for inhabitants and domestic animals in the treated areas, as well as, for personnel applying them. Herbicides will be appropriately packaged, labelled, handled, stored, disposed of and applied according to international standards to be proposed by the Contractor. Persons applying herbicides will be provided with appropriate training, equipment, and facilities to handle, store, and apply these products properly. All herbicides shall have labels in both English and local Languages to allow those handling the herbicides to comprehend the labeling fully.

Vegetation clearing will be carried out in accordance with the ‘Logging and

Removal of Waste Forestry Products’ discussed below.

4.17.3 Logging and Removal of Waste Forestry Products

Prior to commencement of construction, THDC shall have the right, but not obligation, to remove or arrange for the removal of commercial and non-commercial timber as well as other forestry products from the designated construction areas. After commencement of construction the Contractor shall have the right to log and remove forestry products remaining as required to clear areas to carry out the construction works, as necessary. However, in either case, the ownership and any value accruing remains with the State Forest Department. The contractor shall submit plans for removal of the remaining timber and other forestry products in the areas permitted under this clause to THDC for approval at least three months in advance of any work being executed by the Contractor. The plan will be in accordance with the Contractor’s obligations of the contract Requirements, including in particular, the following items:

erosion and sedimentation control and mitigation vegetation clearing air quality noise pollution

The contractor’s plan shall provide detailed information regarding the proposed logging and clearing work, including the following:

Clear identification and justification of the areas to be logged and cleared; Name of the company or organization to do the logging and clearing work; Schedule for logging and clearing to be undertaken;


Clear identification of disposal sites for the timber and forestry products; All works involving the logging and removal of timber and other forestry products after commencement of construction works must be carried out in accordance with the Contractor’s non objected Vegetation Clearance Plan. Other than the contractor’s right to use timber obtained from the site for construction/ temporary works, the contractor must not sell, use or obtain any other benefit from the commercial timber/ forestry products. The contractor, with explicit permission from the State Forest Department, shall dispose of any timber or forestry products resulting from the clearing not used in the construction Works and which are not sold, in a manner selected by the contractor including leaving the timber and forestry products at the perimeter of the cleared construction areas or areas selected by the Contractor. For timber and forestry products discarded by the contractor, the THDC shall have the right to arrange for the removal of such discarded timber and forestry products.

4.17.4 Storage, Handling & Emergency Response for Hazardous Chemical

During construction there will be a potential for the pollution of downstream waterways if site activities are not carefully managed. The contractor will be responsible for preparation of the management plan for storage & handling of hazardous chemical, which will be approved & monitored by the EMC. The plan will incorporate measures and process to handle situations resulting from accidental spills of hazardous materials, including chemicals and hydrocarbons or other similar incidents. General outline of the plan is given below: Refueling/Maintenance Procedure

There will be no storage of fuel, oil or fluids within 100m of any surface water body.

Prior to re-fueling or maintenance, drip pans and containment pans will be placed under the equipment. Absorbent blankets may also be required to be placed under the equipment and hoses where there is a possibility of spillage to occur.

All used oils or fluids will be properly contained and transported to appropriately licensed (authorized) disposal sites.

Spill Procedure (inside the stream, river or pond /open surface) In the case of an accidental spill, overflow or release of fluid occurs into the stream, open surface; the following steps will be followed: a) Stop the follow

Shut down the equipment Close valves and pumps Plug hoses


b) Remove Ignition Sources

Shut down the vehicles and other engines Do not allow tiger torches, vehicles, smoking or other sources of ignition

near the area. Keep a fire extinguisher on hand but keep it a safe distance away from the potential ignition source (if a fire starts, the extinguisher must be easily accessible)

c) Contact the Concerned Officials and initiate emergency response

Notify the site supervisor and the Contractor’s Environmental Officer as soon as possible

The Environmental Officer will review the situation and decide if Emergency Services (like Fire Brigade) are required or not.

Appropriate parties to be informed: - The Contractor’s Project Manager - The Site Engineer of SC through his designated Environmental

Officer - Environmental Management Cell of THDC - Regulatory Agencies like Pollution Control Board, Municipal

Authorities, as applicable - Site Safety Officer

d) Cleanup and Disposal

Emergency Services will be engaged for the cleanup and disposal of contaminants released into the environment.

e) Reporting

The Contractor’s Environmental Officer will document the event and submit the reports to THDC and appropriate regulatory agencies like the State Pollution Control Board etc. The report should include reason for the spill, remediation action taken, consequences/ damages from the spill and proposed corrective actions.

f) Procedure Review

The Site Engineer of Supervision Consultant and THDC will review the report, determine if changes are required to the procedures and will recommend to implement all required changes. The plan will be subsequently updated and submitted to THDC for no objection, every time such an accidental spill happens.


4.17.5 Emission & Dust Control Fugitive dust from the site disturbances and emissions from the vehicles and plant have the potential to negatively affect air quality in the vicinity of the construction sites and access roads. THDC will minimize emissions from vehicles and equipment used for construction activities and minimizes fugitive dust from construction areas and from unpaved roads within the construction areas. Responsibility for incorporating specifications for regular maintenance of vehicles and equipment used will be with construction contractor. The EMC of THDC will review the contracts to ensure that these specifications are incorporated. The Contractor will aslo prepare an Emissions and Dust Control Plan. The EMC will develop a monitoring program to ensure that specifications within the construction contracts are respected. The Contractor’s Emissions and Dust Control Plan will include the following:

Proposed methods and action to control dust resulting from construction related activities, including quarry sites, crushing and concrete batching plants, earthworks including road construction, embankments and channel construction, haulage of materials and construction work camps. Dust will be controlled by water spraying or any other similar measures. These are to be applied as necessary to reduce to a minimum spread of dust from unpaved roads when construction equipment is active, in areas of major earth excavation and any other areas which produces dust;

The exhaust gases from the construction machinery and vehicles will be inspected and adjusted as required to minimize pollution levels;

For all underground works/activities, the Contractor shall install mechanical/ forced ventilation systems which shall provide air pollution concentration that comply with the requirements of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard.

When internal combustion engines are operated in the underground works, only diesel engines will be used. The burning of waste and/or garbage will be done in designated areas at a distance of at least 2km downwind from the nearby villages and in accordance with Applicable Law and the Contractor’s Environmental Monitoring and Management Plan. Burning of any material which produces toxic gases will not be allowed.

4.17.6 Environmental Training for Construction Workers

During construction there will be a potential for workers to damage the forests and waterways adjacent to camps and work areas. The contractor shall prepare a training plan for all construction workers. The training will need to ensure that all employees of the contractor are aware about their duties, responsibilities, liabilities and consequences of non-compliance. All employees of the contractor will be required to comply with environmental protection procedures and they will be able to provide evidence that they have attended the training sessions detailed in the plan.


The goal of the “Environmental Training for Construction Workers” program will be to educate all construction workers on the following issue: traffic regulations, illegal logging and collection of non-timber forestry products (particularly in the resettlement areas), hunting and fishing restrictions, sanitation practices, waste management, erosion control, general health issues including the information and education, specific health issues related to HIV/AIDS, safety issues and general information on the environment in which they will be working and living. Training will also include awareness generation that (personal, not related to work) use of explosives and chemicals is not permitted; or hunting and fishing is not permitted. Contractors will establish rules and penalties for violation. These training sessions will be organized by the contractor, and would include formal training sessions, posters, signage in construction and camp areas, and tool box meeting. These would be in addition to the training program organized by EMC, THDC. However, both training program could be coordinated.

4.17.7 On-Site Traffic & Access Management During construction there will be a potential for use of large numbers of vehicles of variable size, leading to hazardous conditions on public roads, camps, project roads and work areas. To address the potential hazardous conditions, the contractor will prepare and implement an On Site Traffic and Access Management Plan. The plan shall address the following:

Details regarding expected road quality, maximum permissible vehicular speed on each section of road, establishment of safe sight distance including within the construction areas and construction camp site;

Detailed plans for signage around the construction area to facilitate traffic movement;

Estimated maximum concentrations of traffic and effects on existing traffic patterns for different times of day, and at individual locations within the construction area;

Provisions to be made by the contractor for adequate off-road parking of all construction related vehicles;

Plan to be followed while moving special loads, such as hazardous material, or heavy loads. Plan for controlling site access, including both construction areas and construction camp areas;

Monitoring and methods of enforcing the requirements of the traffic management plan.

Construction traffic, including heavy loads, must not damage public roads. Personnel authorized to the construction areas will be briefed on traffic regulations applicable to the construction area. Parking will be provided for all classes of vehicles traveling to the site. At no time shall construction vehicles be parked in a manner which may restrict movement of traffic on public roads.


Signage should provide directions to various components of the works, provide safety advice and warning. All signs will be in both English and Local Language.

4.17.8 HIV/ AIDS Prevention Measures To effectively address the HIV/AIDS issues and the associated risks, the contractors will associate with the State AIDS Control Society (SACS) fully and without any failure or excuse. THDC will insist that the contractor implement all advice from the SACS. In addition, the contractors will be obliged to implement regular and periodical awareness campaign on HIV/AIDS, provide for all awareness materials and their dissemination, including erecting large signage in prominent areas; and to provide for and maintain condom vending machines in all work areas including construction camps, pubic toilet booths, and work sites annually are as under;

Table 4.17.1: Responsibility for AIDS/HIV Protection Contractor Responsibility THDC Responsibility

(Project Hospital Authorities) Item No./unit Item No./unit

Condom vending machine , (1 machine per 250 workers at any point of time)

8 No. In discussion with (SACS) finalize referral system. (State Hospital, Gopeshwar)

-

Signboards on AIDS/HIV Awareness.

(At least one prominent at each work site)

10 No. SACS collaboration – initial development of testing procedures at VPHEP Hospital

5 times per year

Workers awareness camps ( twice a year )

20 camps

Monitor Contractors Compliance

monthly

HIV/ AIDS testing of workers (At least one camp annually for one week )

1 camp

Contractor may tie up with district / state hospital for regular referrals

5 times a year

Support SACS , if needed by SACS to organize HIV / AIDS Camp at Pipalkoti.

2 camps

per year

Budget for HIV/ AIDS control for contractor is provided in EPC contract. A budget of Rs 9,00,000 lakhs (Rupees Nine Lakhs) is earn marked for THDC under Public Health Delivery System.


4.18 CAPACITY BUILDING OF THDC

THDC is committed to power development in a sustainable manner. The vision document of THDC states as: “A major global player in power sector, providing quality affordable and sustainable power with commitment to environment, ecology and social value

& Create work ethos of growth through professionalism and achievement of excellence” Driven by its commitment for sustainable growth of power, THDC has evolved a well defined environment management policy for minimizing environmental impact arising out of setting up of power units and preserving the natural ecology. THDC has adopted an Environment, Policy which reiterates company’s commitment to sustainable development which is within the carrying capacity of the ecosystem and promotes the improvement of quality of life. 4.18.1 Environmental Management measures taken by THDC

The Tehri Hydro Power Project is now fully operational and THDC has successfully implemented environmental management measures and have ensured that their efforts towards improving the environment match with the developmental efforts in the power sector. THDC has prepared and followed a comprehensive Environment. Management plan and Rehabilitation & Resettlement Plan for its Environmental and R&R related activities in Tehri Hydro Power Project. The various environmental measures undertaken by THDC is given below:

Implemented CAT Plan in 52,204 ha in the Catchment of the project. Command Area Development Plan (CADP) for 2.7 lac ha and stabilize

existing irrigation area in 6.04 lac. ha area. Prepared Disaster Management Plan (DMP) Carried Water Quality modeling study Established River Valley Authority under Uttranchal River Valley

Development & Management Act 2005 To meet the existing international standard in safety a Project Safety Manual

is prepared and implemented Foundation of Engineering College and Hydro Power Institute at Village

Dibnu in Tehri- unique Institute for meeting the requirement of skilled Manpower particularly in the Power Sector

Adopted 2 ITI under public private partnership model located close to the project sites at Chamba,Tehri Garhwal and Gopeshwar, district Chamoli, Uttarakhand

THDC is also engaged in the engineering consultancy work for stabilization of Varunavat Parvat in Uttarkashi entrusted by Government of Uttarakhand


4.18.2 ISO 14001 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

i Introduction & Approach

The ISO 9000 Quality Management System (QMS) and ISO 14401 Environmental Management System (EMS) standard take a management system approach to achieving specific objectives. In case of ISO 9000, the objective is enhanced product quality; for ISO 14001, it is enhanced environmental quality. It contrast to performance-based controls that establish specific requirements, the ISO approach focuses on the process by which organizational policies and objectives are established and achieved. The rationale behind the approach is based on three general assumptions:

1. effective policies will be developed and achieved within the context of

effective management system; 2. by exploiting common characteristics, the same management can help any

organization in any industry to achieve designated objectives and targets on a consistent basis; and,

3. an effective management system must be flexible enough to accommodate characteristics specific to any organization to which it is applied.

ii The ISO 14001 Environmental Management System (EMS) Standard

The ISO 14001 Standard establishes a framework of basic requirements for the design of an effective and responsible environmental management system. Although companies can self declare their compliance with the standard, it is also amenable to independent third-party certification. Its requirements include: the development of an environmental policy; the implementation of a management system based on the concept of “plan-do-check-act” (PDCA); and a commitment to continual improvement of the management system.

“It should be noted that this International Standard does not establish absolute requirements for environmental performance beyond commitment, in the policy, to compliance with applicable legislation and regulations and to continual improvement”.

iii The 14001 EMS Approach

1. A commitment by top management to define the organization’s environmental policy and implement the EMS;

2. The establishment of a procedure by which all aspects of the organization’s

activities which have, or can be expected to have, environmental impact are identified and documented;

3. The establishment of an effective procedure by which all relevant legal and

regulatory requirements are identified, and to comply with them; this also


involves a commitment to comply with any non-regulatory guidelines to which organization voluntary subscribes (e.g. policies and objectives stated by an industry association.

4. The identification of environmental objectives and targets, quantified where

practicable, which effectively address each of the following: the overall environmental policy, the organization‘s environmental impacts, and the organization’s legal and regulatory requirements;

5. The development of a procedure to monitor performance against the objectives

and targets, and to channel this information back into the EMS; 6. Creation of a workplan (subject to financial constraints) through which all

objectives and targets are to be achieved; this workplan may consider changes in production processes, product design and services provided, employee training, communication of results, evaluation of performance indicators and documentation of the above;

7. A regular management review which addresses the possible need for changes to

policy, objectives and other elements of the environmental management system, in the light of the EMS audits of the entire management system;

8. A commitment to continual improvement and the prevention of pollution.

The ISO 14001 standard is a generic standard which is intended to be applicable to any sized organization in any sector. It does not refer to relevant international guidelines or agreements that may exist. ISO has established a new type of document to help meet the needs of different industrial sectors. These technical specifications must be reviewed every three years and, at the end of the second review, must either be withdrawn or revised to become a full ISO standard. As ISO is the process of harmonizing ISO 9000 with ISO 14001, any structural change in one will have to be mirrored by changes in the other. This ISO 14001-based-specific standard would have to be reviewed every three years; after six years (two cycles of review) it would qualify to become a full ISO standard. Even while it remains a technical specification document, auditors could refer to the guidelines it contains when assessing the quality of a dam operators management system against the ISO 14001 standard.

iv Benefits of the ISO 14001

There are a number of benefits associated with the ISO-based approach. These involve the benefits of

Working with a strong institutional partner;


Access to funding for the development of the standard; Implementing the guidelines through a management framework that

corporate/companies are familiar with; Assessing training needs and developing training programmes; and Ensuring that the guidelines are regularly reviewed.

A Strong Institutional Partner: Developing an international certification system through ISO would give access to the strong institutional components that make up ISO. In particular, the vast network of national standard bodies and the well defined standard-drafting procedures will obviate the need to establish its own consultation and distribution networks. In many cases, national standard bodies have participation mechanics that enable national stakeholders to be involved in the international process. Financial Support: Second, the development of an international dam certification system through, ISO would reduce the fund-raising pressure on the project proponents. If ISO agrees to develop a standard, the drafting process is managed and funded by one or more national standard bodies. Although these bodies do not have particular abundance of funds, they do have close links with the access to industry associations and relevant government departments. These links give national standard bodies access to public and private sources of funds that may not be readily available to the project proponents. Private Sector Familiarity: Third, using the ISO-approach will help companies to guidelines, and may increase their credibility. Many companies are already familiar with ISO management system approach. Capacity Building: Clause 4.4.2 of the ISO 14001 standard requires organizations to identify training needs, to require all personnel to acquire relevant training, and to ensure that employees are aware of potential impact of their activities. In this way, the ISO 14001 standard can help dam operators to develop the institutional capacity needed to comply with the requirements of the World Commission of Dams (WCD) guidelines. Evolution of the Standard: Fifth, as per the WCD, ISO standard, certification system will be continually reviewed. Not only are national standard bodies responsible for the development of standard, so too must they review and update the standards at least every years.

v Environmental Management System (EMS)

THDC India Ltd. wants to incorporate an Environmental Management System for managing and implementation of the Environmental and Social Management Plan (including the Rehabilitation Plan) as part of the proposed dam construction project. The THDC India Ltd. has therefore planned to introduce a formal ISO 14401 compliant EMS into its construction and corporate operations and aims at achieving a certification. The main objective of THDC is to implement an operational level EMS system with a regional function with practical measures to protect the environment.


As part of implementation of EMS plan and process will be developed in the context of organizations environmental and aquatic policies, and the various environmental risks will be identified as part of corporate review processes.

THDC will call for a open bid for consultancy services for attaining ISO 14001 2004 certification for the Vishnugad Pipalkoti Hydro Electric Project (4 X 111 MW), Chamoli District, Uttarakhand. The different activities to be carried out by the consultant as part of ISO 14001 2004 implementation and certification are given under the various phases starting from A to D.

Phase A

1. Visit of the consultants to Vishnugad- Pipalkoti site to analyse the gap 2. Preparation and submission of gap analysis report and action plan for carrying

out consultancy process within a limited time frame

Phase B

1. To prepare awareness program for key personnels on ISO 14001:2004 2. Listing out all the activities involved at VPHEP 3. Conducting study for identifying the aspects, related to their construction and

operation activities 4. Identifying significant aspects/activities of the project 5. Assistance/guidance in identifying all legal and other statutory requirements 6. Identifying objectives, targets related to significant aspects 7. Preparation of environmental monitoring programs for achieving as part of

Environmental Management System (EMS) for achieving objectives and targets laid out by THDC for VPHEP project

8. Development of a Corporate Policy for THDC 9. Development of Environmental Management System (EMS) Manual &

Procedure for THDC

Phase C

1. Consultant will help in providing internal auditor training to key identified personals of THDC on ISO 14001:2004

2. Assist /guide THDC officials in identifying corrective actions 3. Assist / guide THDC officials in conducting management review meeting and

finalising the issues to be taken up for discussion 4. Assist / guide THDC in identifying certification bodies to get themselves certified

Phase D 1. Assist / guide THDC officials in complying with the non-conformances and

closing the points raised by the certification body during Pre-Assessment audit 2. Assist / guide THDC officials in complying with the non-conformances and the

points raised by the certification body during documentation/surveillance audit


3. Assist / guide THDC officials in complying with the non-conformances and the points raised by the certification body during certification audit

4. The consultant should be responsible and should ensure that ISO 14401:2004 certification is awarded to THDC by the accreditation body within the time frame as set out in the contract with the ISO consultant

vi Departmental Training of ISO 14001-2004

All departments of THDC will be covered under the Environmental Management System (EMS) under ISO 14001:2004 implementation.

Training Programs

a. Induction / Awareness Training

Induction Training and awareness programs will be conducted by the ISO consultants for all the staffs of THDC at different levels. Different training programs will be conducted for different level of officials in different batches.

At the executive levels awareness programs on ISO 14001:2004 series will be held for approximately 35 in 2 batches.

b. Training on ISO 14001:2004 Documents (Manual, Procedure & Document

Controls)

Training program will be conducted by the ISO consultants on ISO Manual and Procedure and control of documents for each of the functional head and his or her representatives for all the personnels in separate batches depending on the total staff strength of THDC involved in VPHEP. The different responsibilities of each of the functional heads will be clearly spelt out as part of the ISO procedure and their duties adequately explained by the ISO consultants.

c. Internal Quality Auditors Training

Training program will be conducted by the ISO consultants for Internal Auditors to carry out Internal Quality Audits prior and after the surveillance and recertification audits to be carried by the certification firm. Internal Auditors training is an important part of implementation and monitoring of EMS as part of ISO 14001:2004. The duration of the above programs shall be finalized by the ISO consultants in discussion and in mutual agreement of the THDC officials.

d. Other Training Programs

Any other training program if required and felt necessary will be carried out by the ISO consultants for implementing ISO 14001:2004 for the THDC office at Vishnugad-Pipalkoti office at Chamoli. The consultants will specify and fix the


duration and details of such programs if any in consultation with the THDC officials, if any.

e. Logistics, Equipment and Accessories

All the training programs to be carried out by the ISO consultants will be framed and conducted in coordination and consultation with concerned THDC officials of Vishnugad Pipalkoti Project. All training programs will be carried in their THDC office either in Pipalkoti or in Rishikesh wherever feasible where adequate space and logistics in the form of presentation equipments in the form of Over Head Projectors (OHP), projectors, screen, Audio system and auditorium or hall is available to accommodate for at least 25 persons at one time. However any other equipments or accessories, stationeries required in connection for imparting such training program shall be the responsibility of the consultant. THDC will provide the local transportation facility to the ISO consultant for carrying out the training program.

f. Study & Course Material

All the study and course material required in connection with various training programs to be carried out by the consultants while imparting ISO 14401:2004 training program will be provided by the consultants to each of the participant(s) of THDC free of cost.

g. Consultants Visits for follow up

Two (2) representatives from the ISO consultants side will visit THDC office at Pipalkoti at least twice (2) a month or as required for the accomplishment of the job. These consultants will be provided with company vehicle/ taxi from Rishikesh to Vishnugad Pipalkoti Hydro Power Project and back. THDC will also arrange for their accommodation in one room of their THDC Guest House / Hotel whichever available at Pipalkoti with lodging facilities free of cost.

vii Surveillance /Recertification Audit

Once the ISO consultant ensures that an ISO 14001:2004 certification has been accredited to Vishnugad Pipalkoti Hydro Electric Project of THDC by a certification audit body, timely surveillance and recertification has to be carried out for operational level implementation of EMS by the third party audit to be carried by the certification agency. By this significant non compliances with procedures will be reported for maintaining the certification. For timely attending to and removal of the non conformances as per the ISO 14001:2004 procedures and to the comments raised by the certification company, internal audits has to be carried out by the group of Internal Auditors of THDC trained by the ISO consultants for this purpose.

Timely recertification Audits will also be carried out by the certification audit body for upgradation of the EMS as per the latest certifications.


A summarized Concepts of ISO 14001:2004 is given in Annex-4.18.1.

Applicability of EMS for various activities of VPHEP

viii Monitoring Activities during Implementation of EMP

Water quality, heavy metals, and the fishery. To monitor the development of the physio-chemical environment of the new storage,

including changes associated with thermal stratification and decay of flooded vegetation;

To assess the spatial and temporal distribution of metal contamination in the water and sediments.

To assess the effect of any contamination on the productivity. To monitor the fish population and development of the trout fishery. To assess the effect of release from the lake on the water quality in the river

Alaknanda and its Tributaries.

The monitoring programme included water, soil and sediment sampling; lake productivity measurement; and investigation into aspects of the fishery such as heavy metals levels in trout, distribution of fish in the rivers, growth rates, physiological condition and reproductive success of the fish.

Ongoing monitoring had established there were no major problems with either copper toxicity or the development of the river fishery. Dissolved organic matter binds with copper, rendering it biologically unavailable, and so protects organisms from any toxic effect of this heavy metal. Based on these results, the remediation works were found to be adequate for the protection of the fishery. The river supports snow trout fishes for which constant monitoring of copper and other heavy metals like nickel and cobalt residues from the proposed turbines has to be carried out on a routine basis.

Oxygen depletion is likely to occur in trail race water soon after commissioning of the power project. Water containing very low levels of oxygen accompanied by hydrogen sulphide is likely to be noted in the tailrace, a common problem in the early life of rivers or water bodies. The low level of oxygen is likely to be caused by thermal stratification. This results in the release of cold, de-oxygenated bottom water into the river. So after investigation and considering mitigation option, water discharged downstream from the power station may be aerated by operation of a jet pump installed on the turbine. This may be utilized to increase dissolved oxygen concentrations at appropriate times. Ongoing and continuous monitoring of the quality the water leaving the tailrace ensures adequate notice of low dissolved oxygen levels, and timely utilization of the air injection facilities in the turbine.

Once operational, with respects of auditing, VPHEP, THDC should undergo frequent internal audits as part of the organization EMS, and periodic external audits to maintain ISO 14001:2004 certification.


ix Main Lessons Learned

The example illustrates six aspects of relevant practice:

Voluntary adoption of an EMP in the absence of any regulatory requirement. Attention to visual aspects of design and construction so as to minimize impacts on visual values, important both intrinsically and in relation to tourism and recreation.

Detailed attention to water quality during design, construction and operation, with specific attention to recreational and commercial fisheries.

Partnering with other stakeholders to develop the science-based knowledge needed for power station operations, in this case through the Environmental Study of Vishnugad Pipalkoti Hydro Power Project, Chamoli District for THDC India Ltd.

x Compliance with national Guidelines and Policy

EIA Notification of September 14, 2006 Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and Cess Act of 1977 Forest (conservation) Act, 1980 and its amendment in 1988 Forest (conservation) Rules and its amendment Act,2003 The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act,2002 Ancient Monuments and Archaeological sites & Remains Act,1958 The Land Acquisition Act, 1894 & 1989

xi Budget

The above mentioned activities involve capital investments, annual recurring and implementation costs. Some of the activities are like initiating the process of Quality Management System for Vishnugad Pipalkoti Office; implementing Environment Management System (ISO 14001:2004); formulation of Quality Manual & Quality Procedure and Planning, Monitoring and Implementation of EMS. An approximate lump sum budget of Rs.0.8 million has been kept towards hiring of the ISO Consultant. Once EMS (ISO 14001:2004) implementation in Vishnugad Pipalkoti Project THDC office has been initiated and implementation has been completed by the consultant it will also ensure VPHEP, THDC of a proper certification from an accredited certifying agency. Periodic surveillance and recertification audit will be carried out by the certification agency during its total project life. The budget for the ISO 14001:2004 certification firm has not been considered as part of the above budgetary estimate as the budget can only be provided by the accreditation firm to be shortlisted by the VPHEP, THDC officials as per their requirement. Some of the costs are recurring which include periodic surveillance audit and recertification audits to be carried out by the certification agency as part of third party audit.


4.18.3 OHSAS 18001

It is suggested that THDC may adopt Occupational Health & Safety (OHSAS) 18001. The Occupational Health & Safety (OHSAS) 18001 is an internationally recognized voluntary, management system to enable organizations to manage their occupational health and safety (OHS) risks, and thereby improve their overall performance. OHS pertains to the conditions and factors that affect the well being of all employees, temporary workers, contractor, visitors and any other person in the workplace.

The OHSAS 18001 specification is compatible with ISO 9001 (Quality) and ISO 14001 (Environment) management systems.

Objective

The primary objective of this advanced course in OHS Auditing is to impart training on the principles and practices in auditing management systems for conformance with national and internationally accepted norms on OHS, in particular those of BSI-18001.

The major elements of the course, providing both knowledge and practical skills essential to an OHS Auditor, are reproduced below.

Occupational Health & Safety Basics Introduction to the OHSAS 18001 Implementing OHSAS 18001 Introduction to OHS Management System Auditing OHS Management System Planning Techniques Auditors Qualifications- ISO 19011: 2002 OHSAS 18001 Requirements: The “Plan” Elements of the PDCA Cycle OHSAS 18001 Requirements: The “Do” Elements of the PDCA Cycle OHSAS 18001 Requirements: The “Check” Elements of the PDCA Cycle OHSAS 18001 Requirements: The “Act” Elements of the PDCA Cycle OHS Legislation in India OHS Auditing Principles The Registration Cycle

This course is designed to build understanding and develop skills essential to auditing an OHS management system. The course is therefore useful to

Internal auditors in companies with an established OHS management system Professionals/ Practitioners who conduct OHS audits, in various organizations Companies planning to establish an OHS management system in the near future

An approximate lump sum budget of Rs1.2 million has been kept towards OHSAS 18001

4.18.4 Safety Manual of THDC

It is the policy of THDC to provide a safe place to work for its employees. THDC has their own Safety Manual for the Hydropower Projects. It is acknowledged that THDC has the ultimate responsibility for compliance with all the requirements of applicable safety rules and orders on the VPHE Project. THDC management will ensure that all


employees – including contractors and subcontractors, are aware of their personal responsibility in maintaining an accident-free and healthy work environment.

The purpose of the safety Manual is to present information & rules, the observance of which will be helpful in preventing occupational injuries. Every employee of THDC India Ltd. is required to comply with all the rules laid in the manual, that are applicable to his area of operation, the purpose of this manual is to aid employees to discharge fully their duties as regards to the safety of themselves, their colleagues, plants equipment, materials and all other valuable resources.

Guiding Principles

The occupational health & safety policy is guided by the following principles:

It is essential to respect human life All accidents are preventable To ensure that injuries are prevented Working safely is a condition of employment All hazards can be safe guarded either physically or through safe working

procedure Safety training is essential at all levels Whatever we do, we shall do it safely

Safety Management Arrangement

As per the manual, Safety Committee to be formed according to Section 38 of B&OC Act, 1996 & 41 ‘G’ of the Factory Act, 1948, as follows:

Representative of the Management: General Manager (Project); a Senior Officer

nominated by the GM (Project); one representative from each site, operation, maintenance, purchase, contractor, safety and P&A.

Representative of the Workers: one nominated member each from all department.

At all project sites, a Health Center should be well equipped to detect and prevent occupational/work related diseases/ injuries and facility to treat them. A Medical Office will head the Center.

Responsibility

a) General Manager (Project)

Is entrusted with the responsibility of ensuring effective health and safety management at Site/ in Plant.

b) Engineer-in-Charge/ Departmental Heads

Are responsible to maintain the safe working conditions and prevention of accidents in their own area/sites.


c) Chief Safety Officer

To advise on planning & organizing, measures necessary for effective control of

personal injuries To advise on safety aspects in a building and other construction/ commissioning

works and to carry out detailed safety studies of selected activities. To advise on purchase of personal protective equipment conforming to national

standard and ensuring their quality. To investigate all fatal and other selective accidents and take remedial measures. To investigate the cases of occupational diseases contracted and report their

occurrences and dangers involved therein. To organize, in association with concerned departments, campaigns, competitions,

contests and other activities, which will help to develop & maintain the interest of workers in establishing and maintaining safe conditions of work and procedures.

Supervise and guide safety precautions to be taken in construction/ commissioning works of the organization.

d) Materials Management Department

Consider the safety aspect while purchasing plant machinery, equipment,

materials etc., where necessary consult Safety department. Obtain and provide to the user/ plant, material safety data sheet (MSDS) while

purchasing any chemicals.

e) Obligation of Workers

To observe safety rules and practices to protect themselves and the fellow workers.

To report all injuries, however minor and to avail first-aid. To report unsafe conditions, equipment and practices as soon as the same are

observed. To take all precautions against hazardous foreseen.

f) Obligation of Contractors

Obtain permission from the concerned site-engineer/ departmental head before

starting any work at sites Discuss all possible hazards with the Chief Safety Officer and workers, their

remedial measures and implement those before starting the work. The contractor shall not employ any workers below the age of eighteen years. Ensure that every worker uses personal protective equipment provided to them. Fulfill all statutory obligations and appraise the Corporation as per requirement

e.g. Building & Other Construction Workers Act & Central Rules; Indian Electricity Rules, Factories Act/ Rules, coverage of workmen under Insurance Policy act.

In order to supervise the work from safety point of view, the contractor shall provide a full time safety engineer, who shall report to the Safety Officer/ Site


Engineer of the THDC and shall be responsible for coordinating the safety programme. Contractor shall also provide necessary certificates and documents to the THDC as and when required by them.

The Contractor shall provide all necessary fencing and lights to protect the public from accidents and shall be bound to bear all expenses of defense of every suit, action and other proceedings at law that may be brought by any person for injury sustained owing to neglect of the precautions and to pay any damages and costs which may be awarded in any such suit, action and proceedings to any such persons or which may with the consent of the contractor be paid to compromise any claim by any person.

g) Transporters

Strictly follow all laws relating to safe transportation of material and men inside the

work premises. Follow all safety rules while parking their vehicles.

Safety Programme and Its Implementation

a) Within 30 days from the date of issue of the notice to commence, the Contractor

shall submit, in writing, his proposal for a comprehensive safety programme covering all aspects of the works.

b) This safety programme shall have detail policies, procedures and plans which the

Contractor intends to implement to ensure the safety and health of his employee. It shall comply with the standards and regulations in force in India applicable to construction safety.

c) The Contractor shall designate a competent employee specially trained and

experienced to act as Safety Officer, who will administer and be responsible for the implementation of the Safety Programme. He shall carry out frequent and regular safety inspections of the working areas, materials and equipment. The name and qualifications of the Safety Officer shall be submitted for approval of the Engineer-in-Charge prior to his appointment.

d) The Contractor shall be responsible for enforcement of the health & safety

provisions for his subcontractors to be employed at the site. e) Prior to the start of any major construction activity or hazardous operation, the

contractor shall submit to the Engineer-in-Charge for approval of a specific plan for safety precautions covering such operation.

f) All accidental occurrences with serious accident potential such as major equipment

failures, contact with high voltage lines, exposure to hazardous materials, slides, caveins etc., shall be immediately reported to the Engineer-in-Charge.


g) All serious and fatal injuries and diseases caused by the progress of work shall be immediately investigated by the Contractor and a comprehensive report shall be submitted to the Engineer-in-Charge.

h) In case of a fatal accident, only rescue and emergency teams and operations shall

be permitted at the place of the occurrence until the Engineer-in-Charge gives permission to resume normal operations.

Fire Prevention

a) All construction areas and storage yards shall be kept clean and well arranged. b) A clear space of 15 m around the outer boundary of saw mill and lumber storage

area may be provided. All lumber shall be stored in sections with firebreaks with a distance of 15 m between consecutive sections.

c) All combustible waste material, wood scaling, solid rags etc. shall be removed daily

and burned in suitable burning areas. Sawmill and lumberyard shall be kept free from accumulation of combustible debris.

d) All buildings, rooms and compartments where flammable liquids are present shall

be adequately ventilated. e) Smoking shall be prohibited in all flammable material storages viz. carpentry, paint

shops, garages, service stations etc. “No Smoking” signs shall be posted on all such areas.

f) Accumulation of flammable liquids on floors, walks etc. shall be prohibited. All spills of flammable liquids shall be cleaned up immediately.

g) Smoke pipes from Diesel Engines passing through roof of combustible material e.g.

in compressor stations at dam site and quarry shall be insulated by asbestos. All joints of smoke pipe shall be riveted, welded or otherwise securely fastened together and supported to prevent accidental displacement or separation. The joint shall not be leaky.

h) Petrol or other flammable liquids with a flash point below 100 degree F shall not be

used for cleaning purposes. i) All electrical installations shall be properly earthed. Repairs shall not be made on

electrical circuits until the circuit has been de-energized.

Fire Fighting Arrangements

a) Fire extinguishers and fire buckets, painted red shall be provided at all fire hazardous locations viz. batching & mixing plant, winch house, workshops, store yard, saw-mill, switch gear room, compressor station, office establishment etc. The extinguishers shall be inspected, serviced and maintained in accordance with


manufacture’s instruction. Extinguishers shall be located outside doorways or other places of relative safety and accessibility.

b) Full reliance shall never be placed on portable hand extinguishers as all of these

have a very limited capacity. Water, in ample amounts and under adequate pressure, shall always be available for fire fighting.

c) Sprinkling systems, automatic carbon dioxide or foam systems or automatic fog-

type systems shall be installed when the value of the buildings, equipment or supplies to be protected justifies the cost of installation.

d) Where a group of buildings are located beyond the range of protection from a public

water supply, the installation of a water system for private fire protection may be warranted.

e) Excavation facilities and fire exit may be provided at all locations featuring fire

hazards. f) Siren or other suitable fire alarm arrangement shall be made on all projection.

Warning signs may be posted at all locations having fire hazards. g) All staff shall be conversant with the use of all types of fire extinguishing

apparatuses. h) Demonstrations and training in fire fighting shall be conducted to ensure that

sufficient personnel are familiar with and are capable of operating fire-fighting equipment.

First Aid and Medical Care

At every work site adequate and suitable arrangement for rendering prompt and efficient first aid to injured persons shall be maintained under the guidance of the medical officer-in-charge of the project. First aid appliances including an adequate supply of sterilized dressings and sterilized cotton shall be maintained in a readily accessible place. The appliances shall be kept in good order and they shall be placed under the charge of a responsible person who shall be readily available during working hours. The minimum requirements to the first aid kit shall be as under:

24 small sterilized dressing 12 medium size sterilized dressing 12 large size sterilized dressing 12 large size sterilized burn dressing 12 (15 cm) packets of sterilized cotton wool A sufficient number of eye wash bottles filled with distilled water or suitable liquid

clearly indicating by a distinctive sign which shall be visible at all time.


Four percent xylocaine eye drops, boric acid eye drops and soda bicarbonate eye drops

One 200 ml bottle of certimide solution (1%) or suitable antiseptic solution One 200 ml bottle of mercurochrome solution (2%) in water One 120 ml bottle of salvolatile having the dozes and mode of administration

indicated on the label One bottle (30 ml) containing potassium permanganate crystals One pair of scissors One roll of adhesive plaster (6 cm x 1 m) Two rolls of adhesive plaster (2 cm x 1 m) 12 pieces of sterilized eye pads in separate sealed packets 12 roller bandages of 10 cm wide and 5 cm wide each A bottle containing 100 tablets of asprin or any other analgesic One tourniquet A set of suitable splints Three packets of safety pins Kidney tray A snakebite lancet One copy of first-aid leaflet Six triangular bandages Two pairs of suitable, sterilized, latex hand gloves

Adequate identification and directional markers shall be provided to readily denote location of all first aid centers. An ambulance shall be provided to transport seriously injured persons to the hospital.

4.18.5 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

THDC is committed for fulfillment of its social obligation under Corporate Social Responsibility. The scheme addresses the issue of Community Development (CD) in the neighbourhood area of operating stations where construction has been completed and rehabilitation and resettlement issues addressed stand as per the R&R policy of Corporation applicable for project under construction stage /planned for construction.

i Aims & Objectives: To undertake community development in the neighbourhood area of operating

stations with particular focus on women, children, disabled persons and senior citizens.

To create appropriate partnership with concerned stakeholders for the effective delivery of community development programs through consultation and participation.

To explore and work in various domains of community development such as Health, Education, Drinking Water, peripheral development etc. on individual basis or partnership basis with the help of Govt, NGOs, Private firms etc as per requirement to promote sustained livelihood, overall development and well being of the target communities.

ii Program covered under unit level CSR-CD


Since, THDC’s operating stations are located under varying socio-economic conditions , the community development programs have to be identified and formulated based on the specific needs and requirement of the particular location. The suggestive list of the programs which could be considered by the operating stations while formulating the annual plan is:

Education: To organize skill development /vocational training and other training program to improve the skill and employment. It will include sponsoring peple for vocational training, ITI training, Computer training etc Scholarship for the selected local children for studying in near by schools or in THDC township. Preference may be given to girl child/ poor child Supply of study material like School bags, books and stationery etc Health: To conduct health surveys, identification of health concern, awareness campaign, publicity printed material/ films etc. To organize regular immunization program for children and medical checkup in schools To organize regular health camps like family planning, medical checkup for eye and heart etc. Supporting health facility by way of providing health staff including ambulance facility. Others: Provide community infrastructure, upgradation of community health/potable water/ Sanitation/ education facilities. Promote community plantation and forestry programs. Organize veterinary camp for the cattle stock. Corporate Centre: The Corporate S& E Group will be responsible for policy matters, compilation of information and annual reports, organizing annual CSR –CD meet and facilitating the processing of allocation of funds to stations.

Operating Stations: The CSR-CD policy will be implemented through dedicated CSR Cell constituted at unit level under functional guidance of Corporate S&E Group.

Voluntary Work by THDC Employees & Their Family members: The volunteering by THDC employees will be promoted through collective efforts by THDC employees at station, who will partner in planning and implementation of the identified CD programs. THDC employees and family members will also be encouraged to mentor the needy local population and participate in the relief work in cases of national calamities. Their work will be recognized as a special activity.

iii Implementation mechanism a) Planning and Co-ordination

The specific program will be identified based on the need of communities, which will change from time to time and location to location. The CD program will, therefore be formulated based on Need Assessment Survey (NAS) for identifying the specific areas


of concern. Based on the survey, a detailed program report will be prepared detailing the need for a CD program, time frame of implementation and budget. The S&E Department at project will prepare annual plan including budget estimate for each year and forwarded by January of each year to corporate S&E group who shall consolidate and up for the approval of CMD. b) Consultation and Participation of Stakeholders

The targeted communities and the local authorities will be closely involved in the process of planning and implementation of the CD programs to the extent possible. Efforts will be made to evolve development al partnership with local administration The Annual plan will be prepared based on the findings of need assessment surveys. c) Monitoring & Evaluation The head of Project at operating stations will review the CD program on monthly basis and submit monthly Progress Report to Corporate S& E. The Incharge of S&E will review progress on quarterly basis. d) Reporting

Each station will prepare an annual report of community development activities delineating the activities identified, benefits accrued to neighbouring communities and the number of people benefited. The Corporate S&E Dept will compile and prepare an annual report for the corporation. The summary of the report will be published in print and also posted on the THDC website under a separate dedicated section on CSR. e) Budget For implementation of CSR activities a budget of 1% of Net Profit is being provided. Upto 60% will be utilized in nearby villages, upto 25% in the valley area and the balance at other places. The scheme shall be affective from financial year 2008-09. Major steps taken for the sustainable development of the Society are as under Providing Medical facilities and Organizing Medical Camps

Construction of Drinking water schemes

Development of Educational Facilities : An engineering college (Hydro Power

Institute) near Tehri HPP is being set up

Adoption of Industrial Training Institutes (ITI)

Improving road connectivity in the vicinity of the Project Area


4.18.6 Disaster Management Plan

Dam Break Analysis for VPHEP was carried out by the DPR Consultant. The National Weather Service’s DAMBRK model developed by Dr. D. L. Fread has been used for the analysis. This model simulates the failure of a dam, computes the resultant outflow hydrographs and also simulates movement of the dam break flood wave through the downstream river valley.

It can be inferred from the hydrographs below the dam that the attenuation of the outflow hydrograph from the breached dam is significant only in the initial reaches and rate of attenuation of the hydrographs decreases when the distance increases from the breached dam. The water depth and water spread at various distances downstream of the dam are outlined in Table-4.18.1.

Table-4.18.1 Water Depth and Spread Downstream of Dam in the event of Dam Break

Distance from dam (km)

Max. elevation above MSL (m)

River bed level (m)

Water depth (m) Water spread width (m)

3.7 1200.00 1223.44 23.44 86.1 10.2 1080.00 1104.39 24.39 114.8 11.5 1050.00 1071.96 21.96 72.0 15.8 1030.00 1060.57 30.57 110.7 18.4 1010.00 1044.20 34.20 172.2 20.0 1000.00 1038.33 38.33 229.6

Source: Dam Break Analysis Report The water will flow with force eroding the banks and causing damage to life and property located at the elevation given in the Table-4.18.2. Most of the villages are located at higher elevations and there are no villages located close to the bank of the river Alaknanda. The villages which are located at lower elevation and may suffer some lose of property and life are identified and given below. The villages may not be impacted directly but may be impacted in terms of loss of access route and agricultural land.

Table-4.18.2 List of Villages which will be affected in case of Dam Failure Sl. No

Name of Village

River Bank

Latitude (N) Longitude(E) Elevation (m)

Approx. Distance from the

Dam

Loss

1. Tapon R 30° 29′ 43.2″ 79° 28′ 25.4″ 1280 3 Access route

2. Langsi L 30° 29′ 25.8″ 79° 28′ 57.1″ 1345 3 Access route 3. Tirosi R 30° 29′ 15.5″ 79° 28′ 02.2″ 1126 6 Access route 4. Hyuna R 30° 28′ 23.4″ 79° 26′ 20.7″ 1117 8 Access route 5. Guniyala R 30° 27′ 32.1″ 79° 25′ 30.3″ 1213 10 Access route,

Agricultural land, Structures

6. Tenduli R 30° 26′ 34.5″ 79° 25′ 30.1″ 1220 12 Access route, Agricultural land

7. Pipalkoti L 30° 26′ 04.8″ 79° 25′ 41.6″ 1259 13 Agricultural land


Sl. No

Name of Village

River Bank

Latitude (N) Longitude(E) Elevation (m)

Approx. Distance from the

Dam

Loss

8. Haat R 30° 25′ 18.8″ 79° 24′ 53.7″ 1075 15 Access route, Agricultural land

9. Siyasain R 30° 24′ 58.7″ 79° 24′ 29.8″ 1069 16 Access route, Agricultural land

10. Batula L 30° 24′ 47.5″ 79° 25′ 00.5″ 1160 16 Agricultural land11. Durgapur R 30° 24′ 38.6″ 79° 23′ 14.2″ 1063 20 Access route 12. Birahi L 30° 24′ 31.8″ 79° 25′ 46.3″ 1071 20 Agricultural land13. Bowala R 30° 24′ 45″ 79° 22′ 38″ 1083 22 Access route, 14. Chhinka R 30° 24′ 54″ 79° 22′ 0″ 1041 23 Access route,

Agricultural landSource: CES THDC will prepare a map showing danger level. No construction work may be planned in the danger area by the govt. authorities / private owners. Signboard showing no construction zone may be placed in the area. Several dam safety surveillance systems have been suggested to ensure that the dam never fails even under most adverse conditions. However, in case of a dam break, the measures which can be implemented to minimize loss of lives and property are as follows:

To establish an effective Dam Safety Surveillance and monitoring programme

including rapid analysis and interpretation of instrumentation and observation data periodic inspection and safety reviews/evaluation by an independent panel of experts

To formulate and implement an Emergency Action Plan to minimize, to the maximum extent possible, the probable loss of life and damage to property in the event of failure of dam.

Surveillance

Surveillance activities which are an important part of any Dam Safety Programme are generally limited to post fill monitoring of performance and aging process of most of the dams. For the VPHEP more rigorous and effective dam safety surveillance and monitoring programme, encompassing rapid analysis and interpretation of instrumentation and observation data along with periodic inspection and safety reviews and evaluation have been suggested. Such programmes will have to be implemented during the following five critical phases in the life cycle of a dam: 1. Design and Investigation Phase 2. Construction Phase 3. First Reservoir Filling 4 Early Operation Period 5. Operation and Maintenance Phase


Emergency Action Plan (EAP)

Dam safety programme as indicated above includes the formation of an Emergency Action Plan for the dam. An emergency is defined as a condition of serious nature which develops unexpectedly and endangers downstream property and human life and requires immediate attention. Emergency Action Plan should include all potential indicators of likely failure of the dam, since the primary concern is for timely and reliable identification and evaluation of existing or potential emergency.

This EAP presents warning and notification procedures to follow during the monsoon season in case of failure or potential failure of the dam. The objective is to provide timely warning to nearby residents and alert key personnel responsible for taking action in case of emergency.

Administration and Procedural Aspects

The administrative and procedural aspects of the Emergency Action Plan consist of a flow chart depicting the names and addresses of the responsible officials. In order of hierarchy, the following system will usually be appropriate in the event that the failure is imminent or the failure has occurred or a potential emergency conditions is developing, the observer at the site is required to report it to the Junior Engineer/Assistant Engineer who will report to the Executive Engineer/ Superintending Engineer for their reporting to the Chief Engineer through a wireless system or by any available fastest communication system. The Engineer-in-charge is usually responsible for making cognizant with the developing situation to the Civil Administration viz. District Magistrate. Each personnel is to acknowledge his/her responsibilities under the EAP in an appropriate format at a priori.

The technical aspects of the EAP consist of preventive action to be taken with regards to the structural safety of the dam. The EAP is drawn at a priori for the regular inspection of the dam. For this purpose, providing an adequate and easy access to the dam site is a necessity. The dam, its sluices, and non-overflow sections should be properly illuminated for effective operations during night time. Whenever sinkholes, boils, increased leakages, movement of rock, gate failure, rapid rise or fall of the level in the reservoir, rise in the level of reservoir beyond the maximum working level, or wave overrun of the dam crest are observed, the personnel on patrol is required to inform immediately to the Junior Engineer (JE)/Assistant Engineer (AE) for initiation of the execution of EAP. They are required to inform the Engineer-in-charge and the local administrative authorities. It is desirable if the downstream inhabitants are warned using siren, if available, so as to make them aware of the likely imminent danger.

The other preventive measures may include availability of a sufficient number of sandbags at several selected downstream locations and logs (for holding and sandbags) and at the dam site, one tractor, one motor boat, lanterns and rope. Areas from where the labour can be mobilized should be chalked out at a priori. In


addition to these, public participation in the process of execution of the EAP may further help in amelioration the adverse impacts of the likely disaster and for this, it is necessary that the public should be aware of its responsibilities.

Preventive Action

Once the likelihood of an emergency situation is suspected, action has to be initiated to prevent a failure. The point at which each situation reaches an emergency status shall be specified and at that stage the vigilance and surveillance shall be upgraded both in respect of time and level. At this stage a thorough inspection of the dam should be carries out to locate any visible sign(s) of distress. Engineers responsible for preventive action should identify sources of equipment needed for repair, materials, labour and expertise for use during an emergency. The amount and type of material required for emergency repairs should be determined for each dam, depending upon its characteristics, design, construction history and past behaviour. It is desirable to stockpile suitable construction materials at an appropriate site. The anticipated need of equipment should be evaluated and if these are not available at the dam site, the exact location and availability of these equipments should be determined and specified. The sources/agencies must have necessary instructions for assistance during emergency. Due to the inherent uncertainties about their effectiveness preventive actions should usually be carried out simultaneously with appropriate notification on alert situation or a warning situation.

Mock Drills It is imperative that periodic mock drills are conducted by the project authorities. The mock drills will be carried-out step by step as stated below:- First Step: Test the effectiveness of communication system.

Second Step: Test the speed of mobilization of the plant emergency teams.

Third Step: Test emergency isolation of all the actions to be taken during an emergency

Fourth Step: Conduct a full rehearsal of all the actions to be taken during an emergency.

The Disaster Management plan need to be periodically revised based on experience gained from the mock drills.

Communication System

An efficient communication system and a downstream warning system are absolutely essential for the success of an emergency preparedness plan. The difference between a high flood and a dam-break situation must be made clear to the downstream population.

Evacuation Plans


Emergency Action Plan includes evacuation plans and procedures for implementation based on local needs. These could be:

Demarcation/prioritization of areas to be evacuated Notification procedures and evacuation instructions Safe routes, transport and traffic control Safe areas/shelters Functions and responsibilities of members of evacuation team

Any precarious situation during floods will be communicated either by an alert situation or by an alert situation followed by a warning situation. An alert situation would indicate that although failure or flooding is not imminent, a more serious situation could occur unless conditions improve. A warning situation would indicate that flooding is imminent as a result of an impending failure of the dam. It would normally include an order for evacuation of delineated inundation areas.

Public Awareness for Disaster Mitigation

Guidelines that have to be followed by the inhabitants of flood prone areas, in the event of a flood resulting from dam failure, which form part of public awareness for disaster mitigation may also include following:

Listen to the radio for advance information and advice. Disconnect all electrical appliances and move all valuable personal and household

goods beyond the reach of floodwater, if one is warned or if one suspects that flood waters may enter the house.

Move vehicles, farm animals and movable goods to the higher place nearby Keep sources of water pollution i.e. Insecticides out of the reach of water Turn off electricity and gas one has to leave the house. Lock all outside doors and windows if one has to leave the house Do not enter floodwaters.

Management after receding of Flood Water

It is to be accepted that in the event of dam break, even with maximum efforts, the loss of human lives, livestock and property would be inevitable. Under such a scenario, a massive effort would be used by various government agencies to provide various relief measures to the evacuees. Some of the measures which need to be implemented are listed as below:

Provision of various food items & shelter to the evacuees Provision of fuel for various evacuees Provision of adequate fodder supply Arrangements for potable water supply Commissioning of low cost sewage treatment & sanitation facilities, and disposal of

treatment sewage Approximate disposal of dead bodies human & livestock


Immunization programmes for prevention of outbreak of epidemics of various water related diseases

Adequate stocks of medicines of various diseases. especially water-related diseases.

4.18.7 Adaptive Capacity Building

Capacity building is concerned with human resources and the development of institutions, it emphasis on the overall environment within which organizations operate and interact. Unlike capacity building efforts, adaptive capacity is something organizations pursue in an ongoing manner through measures that embed the four attributes of adaptive capacity- external focus, network connectedness, inquisitiveness and innovation. A capacity development approach requires that, even if the focus of concern is a specific capacity of an organization to perform a particular function, there must nevertheless always be a consideration of the overall policy environment and the coherence of specific actions with macro-level conditions. Capacity development is therefore concerned with the micro and macro factors that determine how institutions translate their capacities into actual performance. Following suggestions are given for strengthening the environmental management of the projects. The components which must be taken care described below

ii. Ecological Monitoring

THDC can undertake comprehensive Ecological Monitoring through Satellite Imagery Studies over project area and vicinity. These studies would reveal significant environmental gains in the vicinity areas as a result of pursuing sound environment management practices. Some of these important noticed may be a change in forest area, agriculture area, waste land etc. Such studies conducted from time to time around and in vicinity of a project would establish the environment status at various post operational stages of the project.

iii. Aquatic monitoring

Aquatic ecology is critical issue in Hydropower projects. Monitoring of aquatic life in the river during construction and operation phase must be carried out. Changes observed in the aquatic life with the change in flow associated impacts must be documented to provide framework for future development policies. Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) must be formed with State Fisheries Department for management of fish.

iv. Monitoring of Environmental Parameters

A broad based Environment Monitoring Programme needs to be formulated Environmental parameters for water quality and sediment quality must be monitored at the stipulated frequency.

v. Environmental Reviews

To maintain constant vigil on environmental compliance, Environmental reviews must be carried out at all sites and remedial measures should be undertaken wherever necessary. Such periodic Environmental reviews and extensive monitoring of the


facilities carried out at all locations help in compliance with the environmental norms and timely renewal of different environmental permissions.

vi. On-Line Data Base Management

It is imperative to have an on-line, reliable and efficient environment information system on the operational to achieve effective environment management. In consideration of this, a GIS based computerized programme, which could provide reliable storage, prompt, and accurate flow of information on environmental performance of project locations should be developed and installed in THDC. This software will help and facilitate direct transfer of environment reports and other environment related information from project locations to the Regional and Corporate Centre. This system will help in achieving continuous improvement in THDC's environment performance through improved monitoring and reporting system by using the trend analysis and advanced data management techniques.

vii. GIS Facilities

To facilitate, on-line data base management, environmental management and monitoring requirements related to different proposed and on going project developments advanced remote sensing and GIS facilities at corporate level should be set up. This cell will not only serve the in-house project requirements but also proposed to take up the charge of capacity building of other similar institutions

viii. Photographic Monitoring

Photograph monitoring is simple and reliable method to monitor the changes in environmental features. Plantation can be monitored through photographic analysis of pre selected areas at 6 monthly intervals. Similarly erosion and landslides can be monitored for pre selected areas of rock and land strata at fixed intervals. THDC team will undertake survey of the potential areas, mark and photograph them on visible scale of clarity. Exercise will be repeated every six month and comparative analysis will be made of photograph to identify changes, if any in the vegetation, rock, and strata locations. A record will be maintained of changes occurring in the character of the land strata and /or rock. Evaluation will be used for advance warning of possible erosion and landslide possibility.

ix. Setting up Environmental lab

An environment lab with the following facilities should be setup by THDC for: Water quality analysis Air quality analysis Meteorological Observations

x. Staffing and Training Requirements

THDC has a Social and Environmental Dept at Corporate level however adequate persons with relevant expertise to take care environmental issues linked with various ongoing and proposed projects are required. In view of existing organizational structure at THDC Corporate office, following is suggested:


The Social and Environmental Dept should be able to handle all issues related to different environmental attributes. Deploy professionals from relevant environmental discipline such as EIA, Terrestrial Biodiversity, Aquatic Ecology, Chemist, GIS and Socio economics. Emphasis may be given on specialized areas to be filled up at THDC.

Establish an Environmental Management Cell (EMC) at project level. The EMC will handle all issues related to different environmental attributes, it will be responsible for overall environmental management in project being undertaken by THDC from investigation level to execution at project level

Training on EIA procedure, Legal status, EMP, Monitoring, Disaster Management Plan, ISO-14001 EMS, Sound construction practices may be given to Corporate and Project Staff.

Undertake to national /international exposure visit. In the first five years, adaptive management targets and related monitoring requirements will be reviewed and amended. Thus, the adaptive management process will accommodate any changes based on new information. A budget of Rs.64.08 million has been proposed for Adaptive Capacity Development

Table 4.18.3 : Budget for Adaptive Capacity Development Items I Year II Year III Year IV Year V Year Total

Amount Manager Level and above

840000 900000 960000 1020000 1080000 4800000

Water & WQ Unit

840000 1920000 2160000 2400000 2640000 9960000

EIA & Compliance Unit

840000 1920000 2160000 2400000 2640000 9960000

Aquatic Ecology Unit

420000 1440000 2160000 2400000 2640000 9060000

Biodiversity & Forestry Unit

420000 1440000 2160000 2400000 2640000 9060000

Climate Change & Carbon Finance Unit

480000 1620000 2400000 2640000 7140000

Corporate Recruitment

Sub Total 3360000 8100000 11220000 13020000 14280000 49980000 Manager and above

840000 900000 960000 1020000 1080000 4800000

Environment Engineer / Scientist

840000 960000 1080000 1200000 1320000 5400000

Project Recruitment

Sub Total 1680000 1860000 2040000 2220000 2400000 10200000 Water Quality 250000 250000 Air Quality 200000 200000 Meteorological 100000 100000

Laboratory Equipments

Sub Total 550000 550000 Special Studies, Compliance Reporting, regular quarterly report

400000 400000 600000 600000 1000000 3000000

Photographic monitoring

50000 50000 50000 50000 50000 250000

Documentation & Communication

Web 20000 20000 20000 20000 20000 100000


Items I Year II Year III Year IV Year V Year Total Amount

Dissemination Sub Total 470000 470000 670000 670000 1070000 3350000

Grand Total 6060000 9410000 12790000 14650000 16370000 64080000

Source : CES

4.18.8 Institutional Setup and Capacity Building

The THDC India Ltd. is headed by Chairman & Managing Director. The Board of Directors constitutes of total 12 executive staff. There are 3 Directors - Personnel, Technical and Finance in the board. The organizational setup of the THDC is given in Flow Chart - Annex- 4.18.2. There are 22 internal departments under corporation and the strength of executive staff of THDC is 696.

THDC has established a separate Social & Environment department at Corporate Office Rishikesh. The total strength of Social & Environment department at Corporate Office is 19 (Nineteen).

i Staffing Requirement

THDC has moved from single project (Tehri Dam Project) organization to multiple projects. At present THDC have 13 projects at National level and 2 Overseas (Sankosh Multi Purpose Project (4060 MW) and Bunakha HEP (180 MW) in Bhutan). The Tehri Power Station is now fully operational. The list of projects with THDC under various phase of development is given below.

Table 4.18.4 Projects under THDC within India

Name of Project Location Phase

Tehri Hydro-Electric Power Project (THPP) Stage - 1 Uttarakhand Operation

Koteshwar Hydro-Electric Power Project (KHPP) Uttarakhand Construction

Tehri Pump Storage Plant (TPSP) Uttarakhand Construction Vishnugad Pipalkoto Hydro-Electric Project (VPHEP) Uttarakhand Construction Jhelam Tamak Hydro-Electric Project (JTHEP) Uttarakhand Survey & Investigation

Malari Jhelam Hydro-Electric Project (MJHEP) Uttarakhand Survey & Investigation Malshej Ghat Pump Storage Scheme (MGPSS) Maharashtra Survey & Investigation Humbarli Pump Storage Scheme (HPSS) Maharashtra Survey & Investigation Kishau Multipurpose Project (KMP) Uttarakhand Survey & Investigation Karmoli Hydro-Electric Power Project (KHEPP) Uttarakhand Survey & Investigation Jad Ganga Hydro-Electric Project (JGHEP) Uttarakhand Survey & Investigation Gohana Tal Hydro-Electric Project (GTHEP) Uttarakhand Survey & Investigation


Name of Project Location Phase

Bokang Bailing Hydro-Electric Project (BBHEP Uttarakhand Survey & Investigation Source: THDC

Table 4.18.5 Overseas Projects under THDC Name of the Project Country Phase

Sankosh Multi Purpose Project (SMPP) Bhutan Survey & Investigation

Bunakha Hydro-Electric Project (BHEP) Bhutan Survey & Investigation

Source: THDC

With increase in projects of THDC the increasing role of the organization is also felt. The man power efficiency is a key issue along with the technical and non technical inputs. The work load stresses on to the capacity building and staffing requirement for proper management and successful implementation of the projects. Requirement of qualified man power for the various Hydro Projects and enforcement of environmental activities at various stages - Construction, Commissioning, Operation & Maintenance phase, is essential. Comparative Strength of THDC

Table 4.18.6 Comparative Strength of THDC with National & International

Hydropower Companies

International National THDC Staffing

BC Hydro (2009)

NHPC (2009)

2008 (Corporate executive )

Ideal case Corporate executive (2011)

Total Staff 3547 1000 696 1000

Environmental Staff 127 25 7 20

The strength of Environmental staff of BC Hydro is 3.5% of the total staff and that of NHPC is 2.5%. The No. of Environmental executives at corporate office is 1% . It is proposed that by 2014 the No. of Environmental executive staff should be at least 2.5 % of total staff. THDC is committed to the environmental management of the projects and a Social & Environment Department headed by General Manager assisted by Senior Managers and Senior Environmental Officers at Corporate Office is already established. However strengthening of the Department is imperative with the increasing projects and responsibilities to carry out specific environment related functions. The Social & Environment Department will be responsible for monitoring environmental and social issues related to all projects undertaken by THDC. Therefore the Department must deploy professionals from relevant environmental discipline such as EIA, Terrestrial Biodiversity, Aquatic Ecology, Environmental Science/ Env Engineering and Biology background, Chemist, GIS and Socio economics. The


proposed structure of the Social and Environmental Department at Corporate office is given as Figure-4.18.1. A Corporate Division (CS) will be formed under the AGM/DGM Environment. The Corporate Division will consist of five sub- units which will be Water & Air Quality, EIA & Compliance, Aquatic Ecology, Biodiversity & Forestry and Climate Change and Carbon Finance. Each unit will have at least four staff. Water & Air Quality Unit will deal with monitoring and quality aspects of the projects and necessary inputs EIA & Compliance Unit will look after the EMP compliance and regulatory requirements. Aquatic Ecology Unit: Will be responsible to conduct aquatic study and related issues. Biodiversity & Forestry Unit will responsible look after the terrestrial components. Climate Change and Carbon Finance Unit will work for carbon credits and necessary requirements. The qualification and specification of the staff in the four units is given in Table 4.18.6


AGM / DGM (Social)

AGM / DGM (Environment)

Sr. Mgr. / Mgr. Ongoing Projects

Dy.Mgr / Sr. Engr

Dy.Mgr / Sr. Engr

Dy.Mgr / Sr. Engr

Dy.Mgr / Sr. Engr

Sr. Mgr. / Mgr. New Project Aquatic

Ecology Unit

EIA & compliance Unit

Biodiver-sity & Forestry Unit

Climatic Change & Carbon Finance Unit

Water & Air QualityUnit

4 Specialist

4 Biodiv.

Specialist

4 Aquatic

Specialist

2 Env. Eng 2 Env planners

2 Env. Eng 2 Env Scientist

Corporate Division

General Manager (S&E)

Chairman & Managing Director

Fig 4.8.1: Organizational Structure of Social & Environment Department at Corporate Office

118


119

Table 4.18.7: Qualification of Environmental Staff in the five units in Corporate

Division in S&E Department Name of Env Unit

Professional required

Qualification Exposure / Experience Roles / Responsibilities

2 Env Engineers Degree in Chemical Engg

3 years of experience of working in CSIR / CPCB approved labs or 5 years monitoring experience

Air, Water Soil, Noise quality parameters

Water & Air Quality Unit

2 Env Scientist M.Sc Env Science / Chemistry / Diploma in Env Mgmt,

5 years of working experience

Air, Water Soil, Noise quality parameters

1 Env Engineers Degree in Environmental Engg


EMP Compliance and monitoring

2 Env Scientist M.Sc in Env Science / Diploma in Env Mgmt


Regulatory requirements and EMP monitoring

EIA & Compliance

1 Env Planner M.Sc / Diploma in Remote sensing & GIS


Database preparation & on-line presentation, updating of website and dissemination of environmental inventory

1 Aquatic specialist

M.Sc Zoology with specialization in Fisheries


Fisheries, Macro Zoobenthos Aquatic ecology, etc


M.Sc . Zoology with specialization in invertebrates/ microorganisms


Zooplanktons, Aquatic ecology, etc


M.Sc / diploma in microbiology


Phytoplanktons , Zooplanktons aquatic ecology

Aquatic Ecologist


M.Sc Botany with specialization on phytoplanktons


Phytoplanktons , Zooplanktons aquatic ecology

1 Biodiversity Specialist

M.Sc Env Science 5 years of working experience

Terrestrial ecology, CAT plan Compensatory afforestation, Restoration of quarry sites, muck disposal areas etc


M.Sc Forestry 5 years of working experience

Do

Biodiversity Unit


M.Sc Botany specialization in Taxonomy


Do

Biodiversity 1 Biodiversity M.Sc Zoology with 5 years of working Do


120

Name of Env Unit

Professional required

Qualification Exposure / Experience Roles / Responsibilities

Unit Specialist specialization in Wildlife

experience

1Climate hange

Economist C

M.Sc Economics / Diploma in climatic change

5 years of working experience in similar projects

Carbon credits and necessary requirements

2 Env Specialist Env Engineering / MSc Env Science



Climate Change & Carbon Finance

1Carbon Finance Specialist

Specialization in Carbon Financing



The future requirement for carrying out Environmental activities in various projects of THDC is summarized below.

Table 4.18.8: Future Environmental Manpower required for various Projects

Year/ Man Days Projects 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Man Days

Tehri & Koteshwar HEP

315 315 315 335 170 140 140 140 110 110 2090

VPHEP & Gohana Tal HEP

429 735 815 815 770 325 180 180 180 180 4609

Malari Jhelam & Jhelam Tamak HEP

20 300 890 965 980 905 905 905 320 245 6435

Jadhganga & Karmoli HEP

60 90 90 1130 975 925 895 895 895 300 6255

Bokang Bailing HEP

50 170 145 635 630 600 600 600 600 187 4217

Kishau HEP & Other New Projects

- - 1075 1205 1360 1190 1120 700 600 480 7730

Total 874 1610 3330 5085 4885 4085 3840 3420 2705 1502 31336

No. of Staff

4 7 15 24 23 19 18 16 13 7 150


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Recognizing the importance of protection of the environment with development of the power sector, it is proposed to form an Environmental Management Cell (EMC) at project level. The EMC will handle all issues related to different environmental attributes, it will be responsible for overall environmental management in project being undertaken by THDC from investigation level to execution at project level. EMC will be strengthened by posting at least one specialized Environment specialist and one Social specialist at each project site. However during execution stage of various environmental mitigation measures, the individual teams can be reinforced from the Corporate Head Quarter Environment team. The Institutional setup of EMC is given as Figure-4.18.2.

Sr. Mgr./ Mgr. (Environment)

Sr. Mgr./Mgr. (Social)

DGM (EMC)

Dy. Mgr. / Sr. Engr. / Sr. Officer ( 2 )

PROJECT HEAD

Dy. Mgr. / Sr. Engr. / Sr. Officer

( 2 )

Figure-4.18.2 Proposed Environmental Management Cell at Project level The Head of EMC may be equivalent to DGM or above. The personnel deployed may be familiar with the National Environmental Legislation and R& R policy The EMC at Project sites will send the detail of EMP Implementation progress through their Project In-charge to Corporate Social & Environment Department. There are 32 (thirty two) staff at Vishnugad Pipalkoti Hydro -Electric Project site, of which two officials look after the Environmental affairs of the project.


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ii Environment Activities at Corporate Level The roles of Corporate Environment Department will be:

Obtaining statuary and Non-statuary clearances, viz. Site / Environment Clearances, Forest Clearance, Wild Life Clearance and No Objection Certificate from SPCB etc.

Coordination and interaction with MOP, MOEF, SPCB etc. Coordination with the Project on environmental matters and providing

required assistance/ inputs Compliance reporting to statuary/ monitoring agencies. Monitoring of all environmental studies / implementation of environmental

conditions. Policy related issues, viz National Environment Policy, NPV for Forest Land

transfer, apportionment of CAT etc. Material for Standing Committee of Parliament reply of Parliament/ Assembly

Questions related to environment and other VIP references Preparing Terms of References of Environment Impact Assessment studies

for the Projects Award of EIA Studies based on approved TOR by Ministry of Environment,

GOI Finalization of EMP for inclusion in to the EIA Report based on Public

Hearing of each Project. Co-ordination for finalization of CAT Plan proposal in consultation with

project authorities or the Forest Department and other external agencies. Assistance for completion of EIA Studies by constantly interacting with

agency for sampling and preparation and finalization of report thereof. Preparation of comments and guidelines for project environment for timely completion of these studies. Preparation of agendas for approval of these studies.

Regular monitoring of approved Environment Management Plan for each project. For effective implementation the Corporate Environment will undertake periodic visits to site and will seek monthly / quarterly progress reports on Muck disposal, Environment Monitoring, Compensatory afforestation and CAT plan, etc.

Prepare implementation guidelines and monitoring mechanism so as to address the EMP Implementation in letter and spirit at the project site in coordination with project head.

Preparation of technical reports, technical papers, status reports and other inputs for Management from time to time.

Environment related consultancy services to other outside agencies undertaken by THDC’s consultancy wing.

Collection and dissemination of relevant environmental information indicating amendments to environmental protection acts

Proposals for Carbon Financing involving environmental aspects.


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iii Environment Activities at Project Level The following activities have been identified for Project Environment Management Cell for implementation of Environment Management Plan:

Carrying out EIA/EMP Studies, Public Hearing and preparation of details of submission of proposal for environmental appraisal

Implementation of Environment Management Plan, viz CAT, CAD, Compensatory Afforestation, Water Quality Monitoring, Health Impact Assessment, Ambient Air Quality Monitoring, Green Belt Development, Biodiversity Management etc and other conditions of environment clearance.

Coordination with State Implementing Agencies. Reporting of compliance of environmental conditions periodically as required

by MoEF/ State authorities. Carrying out studies related to Aquatic Life, Catchment Area Treatment and

other Environmental Issues. Prepare schedule of implementation of the approved Environment

Management Plan (EMP); based on schedule implement the EMP the activities will be monitored and compliance report will be submitted to Corporate Environment Dept.

Interact with Contractor throughout the course of study and seek guidance if required on matters of Environment aspects of the project from the Corporate Environment Department.

Undertake compliance monitoring to provide periodic checks Submit monthly / Quaterly progress reports on environment aspects of the

project to Corporate Environment Department. Establish Environmental Management System (EMS) as per ISO-14001 at

project site. Establish an environment lab with some facilities for water quality, noise and

air pollution facilities will be setup so as to keep a check from time to time. Undertake environmental training activities.

4.18.9 Training for Environmental Staff THDC have a Training and Learning Policy for its staff with an objective to:

Identify Training Needs of the human resources keeping in view objective of the organization.

Provide a minimum of seven days training in a training year to all employees. A separate budget provision equivalent to minimum of 1.5% of the salary

expenditure (i.e. Basic Pay + D.A. of all employees) will be kept in the annual Revenue Budget of the Corporation as minimum investment for Training of Employees, which will be progressively enhanced to 5%.

On the basis of duration/training programmes (in-house /external) are categorized as under:


124

Short duration : up to three training days Medium duration : up to five training days Long duration : above five training days

THDC has already taken initiative to augment the capacity on environmental management. The detail of training program attended by environmental staff of THDC is attached as Annex 4.18.3. It is suggested that along with the HR policy the training policy for Environmental staff may be developed and incorporated. An annual calendar may be prepared for attending training programs and the Environmental Staff may be nominated to attend workshops / seminars/ conferences on environmental issues.

Training Need The objective of training program is to identify Training Needs of the employees and upgrade their skill in respective fields. In order to identify training, learning and developmental needs of the staff, a Training Need Analysis (TNA) may be carried out periodically. Successful operation of hydro electric project demands regular monitoring of various activities related to civil works, environmental issues and social issues. In addition, an overall development of the project area by association with local organizations in various development schemes is required. In view of existing organisational structure at THDC Corporate office and at project office (Vishnugad Pipalkoti Hydropower Project), following, is suggested: a) The existing staff working on environmental aspects in THDC will be kept

abreast with the latest tools and methodologies in Environment field including Impact Assessment Studies.

b) They should undergo short and mid duration trainings on environmental

issues linked with hydro electric projects and their remediation practices being followed in other areas from prestigious institutions in India or abroad. In India, it could also be in the form of attachment with some organizations already involved in implementing environment mitigation requirements for hydro power development like NHPC or conceptual up gradation by attachment with TERI, NEERI etc.

c) Short term overseas training could also be undertaken at University of

Oklahoma or East West Centre, Hawaii with emphasis on modeling of various environmental parameters. These are the institutes which are pioneer in the field of Environment managements.

d) Exposure visit may be undertaken to Hydro project site where EMP

implementation has been undertaken in India / Abroad.


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Training Components Considering the requirements for environmental and social management of projects, training components have been identified. The various components identified for training on Environmental Management are given in the Table below. The relevant World Bank safeguard policies must be also considered for compliance of environmental and social aspects of the project along with the requirement of the Government of India.

Table-4.18.9 Trainings Identified for Environmental Management S. N. Target Trainee Trainings Trainer

EIA – Case studies, Screening & Scoping, Guidelines for EIA and EMP

National Experts

Indian Environmental Regulations, Acts & Procedures

CPCB/ MoEF

World Bank Safeguard Policies World Bank / National Experts

Procedure for baseline survey: physical ecological, cultural properties, health etc

National Experts

Procedure for Impact Assessment National Experts Monitoring Methodologies National &

International Experts / Exposure visit

Risk Assessment and Management International Expert / Exposure visit

Public Consultation / Information dissemination

World Bank / National Experts

Implementation of THDC Corporate Policies

National Experts

EMS Quality System: ISO 14000 OSHAS 18000 EMS Audit

National & International Expert

1 Environmental Management Cell (EMC) / Environmental Dept. Officials

Carbon Finance: Opportunities, methodologies & monitoring for claims

World bank Exposure visit

Environmental Impacts of Hydropower projects, storage run off river

National Expert

Dam Safety – Indian experience, Preparedness & Response, Safety Issues, Emergency Warning System

National & International Expert / Exposure visit


CPCB/ MoEF

Project EMP : monitoring output, outcome of EMP and Owners responsibility


2. Project Engineers

Clean Construction Technology Waste Minimization and Management

National & International Expert Exposure visit


126

S. N. Target Trainee Trainings Trainer Health & Safety Management System and Responsibilities


Risk Assessment and Management National & International Expert


National Expert


National Expert

THDC Corporate Policies Env Dept THDC Environmental Impacts of Hydropower projects, storage run off river

Env Dept THDC / Exposure visit


Env Dept THDC Exposure visit

Detail Safety manual and Safety Plans National Expert EIA / EMP Content and Phases National Expert National / State requirements for EIA and Other relevant Rules

SPCB/ other Experts

3. THDC - Corporate Unit (Social & Env Dept Technical, Planning, Finance, Procurement) & Senior Management

Responsibility for EMP and Resource need for Env Mgmt in THDC

National Expert

Indian / State Environmental Regulations, Acts

SPCB

THDC Environmental Polices / Guidelines

EMC THDC

Implementation of THDC Corporate Policy

EMC THDC

Details of Project EMP Contractors responsibilities

EMC THDC

Monitoring outputs, results and outcome of EMP

EMC THDC

Contactors reporting on : Environment, Health and Safety

Contractors Env- Incharge

Detail Safety Manual & Practices Outside Expert

4. Construction Contractor & Its Staff

Safe Construction Practice and Clean Construction Technology

Contractors Env- Incharge / Project Engineer THDC

Source: CES Any new staff joining in Social & Environment Dept should undergo short duration trainings on EIA, EMP and THDC’s Corporate Policy, the Dept. will provide in house training. Subsequently other identified trainings may be imparted to the staff. Any person suggested for external training program in India or abroad, the Corporate Social & Environment Dept will process nominations for the same to the institute.


127

List of Training Institutes Given below is a list of training institutes which can be contacted for providing training in various issues related to environmental management and capacity building. These institutes are certified by Central Electricity Authority (CEA) for providing training.

Table-4.18.10 List of the Power Sector Training Institutes Recognized by CEA

Sl. No. Name of Institutes Corporation 1. Renu power Technical Training & Thermal

Management Development Centre, HINDALCO, Hindalco Industries Ltd, (Renusagar Power Division) P.O. Renusagar, Sonebhadra - 231218 (UP)

HINDALCO

2. Lineman Training Centre, T&D Dholighat, HPSEB, Solan (H.P.)

HPSEB: Himachal Pradesh State Electricity Board

3. Training Centre, Chamera Power Hydro Station-I, Khairi, Post- Khairi, Dist.- Chamba (H.P.)

4. Hydro Power Training Institute, Uri- Hydro I Hydro Power Station, Gingle, Dist. Baramulla (J&K) - 193 122

5. O&M Training Centre, Salal HEP, Hydro Jyotipuram - 182 312

6. 6 Hydro Training Centre, Tanakpur, Hydro P.O. NHPC Campus, Banbassa, Champawat 262 310, Uttarakhand

NHPC: National Hydro Power Corporation

7. National Power Training Institute, Thermal, Hydro, NPTI Complex, Sector-33, T&D, Power Faridabad -121 003 , Haryana

NPTI: National Power Training Institute

8. Power Management Institute (PMI), Thermal, Hydro & NTPC Ltd, Plot No. 5-14, Sector- Power 16A, NOIDA-201301 (U.P.)

NTPC: National Thermal Power Corporation

9. Employee Development Centre, T&D 400 kV Ballabgarh Sub-Station, PGCIL, Near Village Samaipur, Ballabgarh, Dist. Faridabad (Haryana)

10. Employee Development Centre, T&D 400 KV Kishenpur Sub-station, Manwal, Via-Dansal, Dist. Jammu (J&K) - 181 224

PGCIL

11. Officers Training Institute, RVPN


128

Sl. No. Name of Institutes Corporation RVPN, T&D JMC Building, Kabir Marg, Bani Park Jaipur

12. Electricity Training Institute, U.P. T&D Power Corporation Ltd, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow - 226 008 (U.P.)

UPPCL

13. Centre for Research and Industrial Hydro Staff Performance, GPO, Box 92, Shyamala Hills, Manas Bhavan, Bhopal - 462 002 (M.P.)

Autonomous Society (in MP)

14. Centre for Power Sector T&D Development, Pune, Mahatransco, (Maharashtra) NPTI

Mahatransco (YASHADA)

15. National Power Training Institute, Thermal, Hydro & South Ambazani Road, Opp. T&D V.N.I.T., Gopal Nagar, Nagpur - 440 022 (Mahrashtra)

NPTI: National Power Training Institute

16. Employees Development Centre, T&D 400 kV Itarsi Sub-Station, PGCIL, Betul Road, Pathrota, Itarsi-461 111, Dist. Hoshangabad (M.P.)

PGCIL: Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd.

17. Reliance Energy Management Power Institute, Reliance Infrastructure Management Ltd, 19 Aarey Colony, J-V Link Road, Goregaon (E), Mumbai- 400 065 (Mahrashtra)

REL

18. National Power Training Institute (Ministry of Power, Govt. of India) PO Box No. 8201, Subramanyapura Road, Banashankari II Stage Bangalore- 560 070 (Karnataka)

NPTI; National Power Training Institute

Source: CES Besides the above mentioned institutes educational institutes, universities and Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) also provide training programs. Some institutes providing training in Environmental Aspects are given below.

Table-4.18.11 Training Institutions that can be contacted for Capacity Building Sl. No. Name of the Training Institutes Address 1. Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of

Himalayan Environment & Development (GBPIHED) - Kosi Katarmal, - Almora (Uttarakhand)

Kosi-Katarmal, Almora- 263643, Uttarakhand, Gram:HIMVIKAS Phone: (05962) 241041, 241014, 241015 Fax: 05962-241150, 231507 http://gbpihed.gov.in/

2. Environment Protection Training and Research Institute (EPTRI) Hyderabad

91/4, Gachibowli, Hyderabad - 500 032 Andhra Pradesh – INDIA


129

Sl. No. Name of the Training Institutes Address Phone : +91-40-23000489, 23001241, 23001242, Fax : +91-40-23000361 Email : [email protected] URL : www.eptri.com

3. Administrative Staff College of India (ASCI) - Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh)

Administrative Staff College of IndiaBella Vista, Raj Bhavan Road, Khairatabad,Hyderabad-500082 Phone:+91-40-66533000 Fax : +91-40-23312954

4. Irrigation Management & Training Institute(IMTI), Kota

Irrigation Management & Training Institute(IMTI) Dadabari Road, Kota, Rajasthan- 324 009 Tel.: 2500642, 2500682, 2500970 Fax: 0744- 2500682 E.mail: [email protected]

5. Pollution Control Research Institute (PCRI)

BHEL House, Siri Fort, New Delhi - 110049, Fax:+91 11 26493021; +91 11 264, 92534 phone : +91 11 26001010 Email: [email protected]

6. Forest Research Institute(FRI) Dehradun

Forest Research Institute (FRI) (Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education) P.O. New Forests DEHRADUN - 248006 E-Mail : [email protected]

7. Indian Institute of Public Administration (IIPA) - New Delhi

IIPA New Delhi Phone:23702434(D) 355504 / 8321(Fax) 23702440 email: [email protected]

8. National Institute of Finance Management (NIFM) - Faridabad (Haryana)

NIFM, Sector-48,Pali Road, Faridabad 121001.Haryana phone: 2418857,2418875,2418893, Fax:91-0129-2418867 91-0129-2423593

9. National Institute of Training & Industrial Engineering (NITIE) -Mumbai

NITIE Campus, Near Vihar Lake, Mumbai 400087 Phone : 022 28575590 Fax : 022 28575670 Website: http://www.nitie.edu

10. National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI)

NEERI Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020,


130

Sl. No. Name of the Training Institutes Address Nagpur (Maharastra) Tel: 0712-2249885-88 & 2249970-72.

Fax: 0712-2249900. e-mail: [email protected], URL: http://www.neeri.res.in

11. National Water Academy Maharashtra (India)

National Water Academy Central Water Commission Pune-Sinhagad Road, Khadakwasla, Pune - 411024, Maharashtra (India) Telephone No. : 091-020- 24380678; NWA EPBX (DID) : 091-020-24380392, 24381517 Fax Nos.: 091-020-24380110/24380224; E-mail: [email protected]

Source: CES Some of the reputed International Institutes which can be contacted for providing training are given below.

Gailillee College, International agricultural Training Centre, Ruth Fishmann, Nahalal, Israel.

Charted Institute of Water & Environment Management, UK. (www.ciwem.org)

UNEP-Environmental Impact assessment Training institute , Production & Consumption branch (www.uneptie.org)

Asian Institute of Technology –Bangkok Centre for International Postgraduate Studies of Environmental Management

– CIPSEM, Dresden, Germany. University of California ,Barkeley –College of Natural Resources, Centre for

Sustainable Resource Development, Environment Leadership Programme (http;//enr.berkeley.edu/BeahrsELP)

British Columbia Hydro, Canada, World Bank Institute, Washington, USA Yangtze River Three Gorgers Study tour through Yangtze Cruise, Inc.

(www.YangtzeCruises.com) University of Oklahoma East West Centre Hawaii –Japan AOTS -Japan Sponsored Program

4.18.10 Budget for Capacity Building

The Corporate HRD group will prepare the detailed training calendar in consultation with EMC and allocate an annual budget for it. The sum invested on Training shall be monitored quarterly. Tentative budget proposed for capacity building of VPHEP is Rs. 21.38 million. The break up for 5 years is given below.


131

Table-4.18.12 Year wise Estimate for Environmental Training Items I Year II Year III Year IV Year V Year Total

Environment Engineer / Scientist-EMC & Env Dept.

1600000 1985000 1550000 1640000 1000000 7775000

Project Staff 1000000 1700000 1550000 1300000 1500000 7050000

Corporate staff 340000 1575000 1150000 1500000 940000 5505000

Contractor staff-Trainings

500000 500000 50000 1050000

Grand Total 3440000 5760000 4300000 4440000 3440000 21380000

Table-4.18.13 Proposed Tentative Capacity Building Budget for VPHEP S.No. Target Trainee Trainings Schedule for

Training Training Budget

EIA – Case studies, Screening & Scoping, Guidelines for EIA and EMP

30 person days in India

20 person days abroad

4.5 lakh 5.0 lakh



1.5 lakh

World Bank Safeguard Policies 12 person days in India

2.5 lakh

Procedure for baseline survey: physical ecological, cultural properties, health etc


4.5 lakh

Procedure for Impact Assessment 30 person days in India

4.5 lakh

Monitoring Methodologies 30 person days in India


4.5 lakh 5.0 lakh

Risk Assessment and Management 30 person days in India


4.5 lakh 5.0 lakh



2.0 lakh



2.0 lakh

EMS Quality System: ISO 14000 OSHAS 18000 EMS Audit


2.0 lakh

1 Environmental Management Cell / Environmental Dept. Officials

Carbon Finance: Opportunities, methodologies & monitoring for claims



4.5 lakh 5.0 lakh

2. Project Environmental Impacts of Hydropower 24 person days in 3.0 lakh


132

S.No. Target Trainee Trainings Schedule for Training

Training Budget

projects, storage run off river India Dam Safety – Indian experience, Preparedness & Response, Safety Issues, Emergency Warning System



3.0 lakh 5.0 lakh



2.0 lakh

Project EMP : monitoring output, outcome of EMP and Owners responsibility


2.0 lakh

Clean Construction Technology Waste Minimization and Management


2.0 lakh 5.0 lakh

Health & Safety Management System and Responsibilities


3.0 lakh

Risk Assessment and Management 24 person days in India

3.0 lakh



2.0 lakh

Engineers



2.0 lakh

THDC Corporate Policies 6 person days in India

2.0 lakh

Enpro

vironmental Impacts of Hydropower jects, storage run off river



2.0 lakh 5.0 lakh




2.0 lakh 5.0 lakh

Detail Safety manual and Safety Plans 5 person days in India

2.0 lakh

EIA / EMP Content and Phases 5 person days in India

2.0 lakh

National / State requirements for EIA and Other relevant Rules


2.0 lakh

3. THDC - Corporate Unit (Social & Env Dept Technical, Planning, Finance, Procurement) & Senior Management

Responsibility for EMP and Resource need for Env Mgmt in THDC


2.0 lakh

Indian / State Environmental egulations, Acts R


1.0 lakh

THDC Environmental Polices / Guidelines


1.0 lakh

Implementation of THDC Corporate Policy


1.0 lakh

Details of Project EMP -Contractors responsibilities


1.5 lakh

Monitoring outputs, results and outcome of EMP


1.0 lakh

4. Construction Contractor & Its Staff

Contactors reporting on : Environment, 5 person days in 1.0 lakh


133

S.No. Target Trainee Trainings Schedule for Training

Training Budget

Health and Safety India Detail Safety Manual & Practices 5 person days in

India 1.5 lakh

Safe Construction Practice and Clean Construction Technology


1.5 lakh

Source: CES

Table-4.18.14 Tentative Estimate for Environmental Training Person days of training planned by Category of

officers

Person days training planned source of training

Scheduled Year of Training

Middle level Senior Management

In India Abroad Visit In House

Budget (INR Lakh)

2009-2010 72 24 72 24 48 34.4 2010-2011 100 45 100 45 48 57.6 2011-2012 60 30 60 30 48 43.0 2013-2014 72 30 72 30 48 44.4 2014-2015 42 24 72 24 48 34.4

Total Budget for Training on Environmental Management 213.8 Source: CES

The training requirements have been suggested keeping in view the strengthening and capacity building requirements of THDC, particularly the officials and staff involved in VPHEP, to enhance their capability in the management of environmental and social issues related to the project and to ensure compliance of applicable safeguard policies of the World Bank and the Government of India. Environmental Training should be prioritised for Environmental Staff. The order of training program should be as Environmental Staff - Project Staff - Corporate Staff – Senior Management. A. 30 % Environmental staff should be trained then only training to Project Unit staff

should be provided B. 50% Environmental staff should be trained then training to Corporate staff (Technical,

Planning, Finance, Procurement) should be provided C. After completing training of 70% Environmental staff Senior Management should be provided

training.

4.18.11 Lesson Learnt By TDHC

Tehri Dam Project was approved by the Planning Commission in 1972 and was accorded the administrative clearance in 1976 by Uttar Pradesh Government. Various Project activities related to R&R and Catchment Area Treatment (CAT) works started during 1976 to 1978. Forest (Conservation) Act came into existence in 1980; Environmental (Protection) Act came into existence in 1986 while National Forest Policy was framed in 1988, National Environment Policy in 2006 and National Water Policy in 2002, thus there were no guidelines and hence there was no clarity about environmental safeguards. The National R&R Policy was adopted in 2007 The EIA notification of


134

19994 has been revised in September 2006. In view of the above, there were no guidelines at that time on R&R as well as environmental aspects. Following experience were gained from implementation of Tehri Hydropower Project:

The “CAT” programme should be developed by the Project in consultation with the

State Forest Department keeping in mind (i) the results of fauna study, (ii) botanical species required for the desired fauna considering the fauna study, and (iii) soil conservation works in direct draining areas. CAT plan should include plantation of all types of the area including fruit bearing plants, medicinal plants, herbs and shrubs etc. The CAT plan should be implemented by Forest Department of the State Government, adopting their Joint Forest Management (JFM) Scheme

Compensatory afforestation should fulfill the requirement of an ideal forestry, that is:

Supply of forest goods and services to the people with a well thought out plan of production; and long term ecological security through conservation of forest cover and its restoration. A massive social forestry programme is needed to meet the demands of local people for fuel, fodder, timber etc. Compensatory afforestation in the same eco-system is more effective and compensate the damages due to deforestation in that eco system .

Measures should be taken for propagations of Fisheries

Stabilization of Hill Slopes and Reservoir Rim

A plan for re-vegetation of muck disposal sites should be adopted.

Treatment of borrow areas, abandoned quarries should be undertaken by the project.

People displaced from the affected areas may not be moved up-stream of the watershed as, use of forest and cultivation by them can change land use pattern and increase soil erosion, leading to increased sedimentation thereby reducing storage capacity and affecting water quality. Therefore, it is always advisable to resettle the displaced families in the plains or command area of the Project.

Employment provision to local inhabitants for unskilled work.

Promotion of improved ecotourism

EIA and SIA study should be conducted and a detailed Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring plan should be framed

With the hind sight of the lessons learnt during implementation of the Tehri Hydro Project, the management of VPHEP have taken a conscious decision to initiate actions on all the above aspects, as applicable to the project. Thus, the VPHEP have already taken up or going to take up shortly, at appropriate time, the work relating to catchment area treatment, compensatory afforestation, hatcheries for fish propagation, resurfacing/ re-vegetation of muck disposal sites, quarry and borrow area relocation and rehabilitation of project affected people and so on.

Project : Environmental Studies for Vishnugad Pipalkoti Hydro-Electric Project Page:135 Document : 2008026/EC/Final Report Date: Nov 2009 Chapter-4 : Environmental Management Plan Revision: R- 4

4.19 BUDGET FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A capital cost provision of about Rs. 760.90 million has been kept towards the environmental protection measures in the EMP. The details are given in the following tables and the summary is presented in Table-4.19.1. Budget for Biodiversity Management Activity Cost (Rs. million)Herbal Garden 0.6Wildlife Protection 0.5Roadside Plantation 1.5Compensatory Afforestation 64.0Total (Rs.) 66.6

Source: CES Budget for CAT Plan Particulars Rs. in Crores CAT Plan 2.37 Forestry Work 3.75 Engineering Work 19.11 Wild Life Management Work 2.43 Residential and Non Residential Building New Construction and Renovation for Field Staff

2.59

Foot Path Renovation 1.20 Foot Bridge New Construction and Renovation 0.37 Other Developmental and Participatory Activities 15.21

Total 47.00 Source: CAT Plan prepared by Badrinath Forest Division, Gopeshwar Budget for Implementation of Muck Disposal Plan Cost Cost (Rs. million)Plantation on spoil slope (plain area) 2.00Turfing of Slopes 0.490Fencing cost for 2092 Rm(biofencing) 0.843Cost of 4 portable pumps (flow 20 cm/hr,20 m head, along with 200m pipe) and pump house

1.800

Cost of nursery 2.000Maintenance of Nursery (for 4 years) 0.600Watch & Ward 2.600

Contingencies) 2.240Grand Total 19.783

Source: CES Budget for Fish Management

S.No Component Cost (in Rs. million) 1. Up-gradation of Hatchery including O&M 8.740

2. Vehicle for fish transportation 0.600

Water Quality monitoring U/S and D/S 1.000


S.No Component Cost (in Rs. million) Miscellaneous & Contingencies .0600

Plantation along Birahi 1.000

Total 11.400

Source: CES Budget for Greenbelt Development Plan Description Unit Quantity Cost

(Rs.) Total Cost (INR)

Plantation of 12,306 trees

No. 12,306 500 6153000Rs. 6.15 million

Source: CES Budget for Restoration of Quarry Sites Activities/purpose Cost (Rs. million)Filling up the land with soil 1.50Cost of green manure 0.50Cost of sapling (10,000 saplings/ha) @ Rs. 4.00 per sapling 0.04Cost of fertilizers and pesticides 0.50Fencing with RCC pillars and barbed wire 0.30Maintenance activities including cleaning of weeds @ Rs.50,000 for 5 years

0.25

Digging of pits 0.08Watch and ward (4 persons for 7 years @ Rs. 4000/month including escalation of 10% every year)

1.83

Total Rs 5.00 million Source: EIA Report prepared by WAPCOS /CES Budget for Solid Waste Management Item Cost (Rs. Million)Covered truck 5.000

Employee Persons 4.390

Miscellaneous 0.409

Total 9.799

Source: EIA report prepared by WAPCOS / CES Budget for Implementation of EMP Measures for Road Construction Item Cost (Rs. million)Clearing and grubbing 4.0Provision of breast walls, construction of catch water and interceptor drains

3.0

Provision of drainage system along roads 2.0Total 9.0

Source: EIA Report prepared by WAPCOS /CES


Budget for Sanitary Facilities for Labour Camps Unit Rate

(Rs./unit)Number

Total cost

(Rs. million)

Construction of Community latrines with water supply

20,000 410 8.200

Construction of Septic tanks 250,000 17 4.250Miscellaneous & Contingencies 0.050Total 12.500Source: EIA Report prepared by WAPCOS/CES Budget for Provision of Fuel The total cost required for provisions of fuel works out to Rs.40.32 million. The cost has to be borne by the contractor; hence, the same has not been earmarked in the cost required for implementation of Environmental Management Plan. However, THDC can provide subsidized fuel for labour population and their families. An amount of Rs. 1.0 million needs to be earmarked for this purpose. Budget for Public Health Delivery System: Rs. 37.30 million Items Total cost

(Rs. Million) Construction & establishment of Hospital / Dispensaries 16.000

Doctors 4.200 Nurses 2.880 Health workers 2.400 Attendants 1.440 Drivers 1.500 Health assistants 0.960 Dressers 0.600 Drugs & Medicine 3.000 Ambulance 2.400

Recurring Expenditure & Contingencies 1.020

HIV / AIDS protection 0.700

TOTAL 37.300 Budget for Environmental Monitoring Programme Component Construction Stage

(Rs. million)Operation Stage

(Rs. million) Total

(Rs. million)Water Quality 0 0.090 0.090

Air Quality& meteorology 2.840 2.840

Noise Level 0.500 0.500

Water related diseases 2.440 2.440

Effluent/ Water Quality monitoring 4.980

0.300 5.280


Aquatic ecology- Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, macro-zoobenthos, fish 0

0.500 0.500

Soil erosion & siltation 0 0.160 0.160

Environmental Expert Panel (1+5) 10.500

10.500

Grand Total 21.260 1.050 22.310


A budget of Rs.64.08 million is proposed for Adaptive Capacity Building

Item Cost (Rs. Million)

Corporate Recruitment 49.980

Project Recruitment 10.200 Laboratory Equipments 0.550 Documentation and Communication 3.350 Total 64.080

Budget for Capacity Building

Person days of training planned by Category of

officers

Person days training planned source of training

Scheduled Year of Training

Middle level

Senior Management

In India Abroad Visit

In House

Cost (Rs. million)

2009-2010 72 24 72 24 48 3.44 2010-2011 100 45 100 45 48 5.76 2011-2012 60 30 60 30 48 4.30 2013-2014 72 30 72 30 48 4.44 2014-2015 42 24 72 24 48 3.44

Grand Total 21.38 Source: CES Budget for ISO 14001 Environment Management System & OHSAS 18000 :Rs. 2.0 million

Item Cost (Rs. Million) ISO 14001 0.8

OHSAS 18001 1.2 Total 2.0

Archaeological Budget is: 2.5 million

Item Cost (Rs. Million) Opening museum 1.5

Conservation of Heritage Structure 0.5 Enhancement of Village TemplesTotal 0.5

Total 2.5


Table-4.19.1 Summary of EMP Budget S. No. Item Cost

(Rs. million)

1. Biodiversity Management 66.600

2. Implementation of CAT Plan 470.095

3. Muck Disposal Management Plan 19.783

4. Fish Management 11.400

5. Greenbelt Development Plan 6.153

6. Restoration of Quarry Sites 5.000

7. Solid Waste Management 9.799

8. EMP Measures for Road Construction 9.000

9. Sanitary Facilities for Labour Camps 12.500

10. Provision of Fuel 1.000

11. Public Health Delivery System 37.300

12. Environmental Monitoring Programme 22.310

13. Adaptive capacity 64.080

14. Capacity Building 21.380

15. ISO 14001 Environment Management System 2.000

16. Archaeological Management 2.500

Grand Total 760.900

An EMP Evaluation Format is developed to monitor the activities provided in EMP. The Corporate S&E Dept will be responsible for Monitoring Statutory stipulation provided by MoEF, State Pollution Control Board and Forest Department. (Format attached as Annex 4.19.1).

Project : Environmental Studies for Vishnugad Pipalkoti Hydro-Electric Project Page:1 Document : 2008026/EC/Final Report Date: Nov 2009 Annex-4.15.1 : Forms for Environmental Management Plan Revision: R4

Annex-4.15.1

FORMS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

FORM P.1 SITE IDENTIFICATION AND SETTING UP OF WORKERS CAMP AND CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT

(Reporting by Contractor to EMC after certification by Environmental Expert) Construction Stage Report: Date ……………………………… Month…………….Year…………….. (Site layout of Construction camp and working drawings of dwelling units with allied facilities to be attached with format) Format to be submitted before target date (decided by PD) of establishing camps as Camp no. WC Location of Camp (_________) S. N.

Item Unit Details Remarks by SC, if any

Detail of item camp m x m 1. Size of Camp Sq.m 2. Area of Camp 3. Distance from Nearest settlement Type/Size/

Capacity/Present use/Ownership

4. Distance from nearest water source 5. Date of camp becoming operational dd/mm/yy 6. Present land use 7. No other trees with girth>0.3m Details of top soil stacking 1. Quantity of top soil removed Sq.m 2. Detail of storage of topsoil Describe stackling Details of workforce 1. Total no. of labourers Nos. 2. Total no. of Male Workers Nos. 3. No. of male workers below 18 years of age Nos. 4. Total no. of female workers Nos. 5. No of female workers below 18 years of age Nos. 6. No. of children Nos. Details of dwelling units 1. No of dwellings Nos. 2. Minimum size of dwelling m x m 3. No of opening per dwelling Nos. 4. Minimum size of opening Nos. 5. Walls Specifications 6. Roofing Specifications 7. Flooring Specifications 8. Drinking water tank Specifications 9. Capacity of Drinking water tank Cum 10. Size of drinking water tank m x m x m


S. N.

Item Unit Details Remarks by SC, if any

11. Total No. of WC Nos. 12. No. of WCs for female workers Nos. 13. Maximum size of WC m x m 14. Total no. of bathrooms for female workers Nos. 15. Size of septic tank for WCs m x m x m 16. Capacity of Water Tank for WCs/Bathrooms and

general purpose

17. Fencing around camp Y/N Details of facilities 1. Availability of security guard 24 hrs a day Y/N 2. Details of First Aid Facility Y/N 3. Availability of Day Care Centre Y/N Certified that the furnished information is correct the quality of work is as per god practice and all relevant information as required is attached Environmental Expert Contractor (Environmental Management Cell)


FORM C.1 - WATER REQUIRED FOR CONSTRUCTION (Reporting by contractor to Environmental Expert) Construction Stage: Monthly Report – Date………………. Month……………..Year

Sl. No.

Source (Name) Location Distance from Railway Track

Water Drawn (m3/day)

Remarks

1. Rivers

2. Streams/Canal

3. Ponds

4. Tube well

5. Other source / tankers Total Water Used

Certified that the above information is correct Environmental Expert Contractor (Supervision Consultant) Environmental Expert (Environmental Management Cell)


FORM C.2 - POLLUTION MONITORING (Reporting by Contractor to Environmental Expert of SC) Construction Stage: Report -Date________ Month__________ Year_________ (Locations at which monitoring to be conducted as per EMP) S. N.

Location Details of location

Duration of monitoring

Instruments used

Target Date

Date of completion

Reason for Delay if any

Air Monitoring 1 2. 3. 4. 5.

Water Monitoring 1 2 3 4 5

Soil Monitoring 1 2 3 4 5

Noise Monitoring 1 2 3 4 5

Certified that the Pollution Monitoring has been conducted at all the locations specified in the EMP and as per the directions of the Environmental Expert SC Environmental Expert Contractor (Supervision Consultant) Environmental Expert (Environmental Management Cell)


FORM C.3 - HYGIENE REPORTING AT CONSTRUCTION SITE AND WORKER CAMPS

(Reporting by Contractor to Environmental Expert of SC) Construction Stage: Monthly Report – Date ……………Month…………….Year………….. S. No. Item Unit Quantity Remarks

1. Total No. of WCs 2. No. of WCs Functioning 3. No. of bathrooms functioning 4. Water Tank cleaned 5. First Aid facilities available 6. Emergency Vehicle available & functioning 7. Camp visit by Doctor/month No. of times 8. Accident occurred, if any Details to be given 9. Measures taken Details to be given 10. Security available 24 hrs daily Yes/No 11. Water logging if any in Camp Yes/No 12. If yes, measures taken

Certified that the furnished information is correct and all relevant information as required is attached.

Environmental Expert Contractor (Supervision Consultant) Environmental Expert (Environmental Management Cell)


FORM O.1 - POLLUTION MONITORING Operation Stage: Report -Date________ Month__________ Year_________ (Locations at which monitoring to be conducted as per EMP)

Completion S. N. Location Details of location

Duration of monitoring

Instruments used Target

Date Date of

completion Reason for Delay if any

Air Monitoring 1 2. 3. 4. 5.

Water Monitoring 1 2 3 4 5

Soil Monitoring 1 2 3 4 5

Noise Monitoring 1 2 3 4 5

Certified that the Pollution Monitoring has been conducted at all the locations specified In the EMP and as per the directions of the SC Nodal Officer Field Officer (THDC) (EMC)

Project : Environmental Studies for Vishnugad Pipalkoti Hydro-Electric Project Page:1 Document : 2008026/EC/Final Report Date: Nov 2009 Annex-4.18.1 : ISO 14001:2004 Requirements Revision: R4

Annex-4.18.1 ISO 14001:2004 REQUIREMENTS

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Establish, document, implement, maintain and continually improve an environmental management system. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY Define the environmental policy. a) Appropriate; b) Commitments:

i) Continual improvement, ii) Prevention of pollution, iii) Comply with requirements,

d) Framework for environmental objectives; e) Documented, implemented, maintained, f) Communicated; g) Available to the public PLANNING Environmental Aspects: Identify environmental aspects to determine those that have or can have significant impacts on the environment. Legal and other requirements: Identify and have access to legal and other requirements. Determine how these requirements apply. Objectives, targets and programme(s): Establish, implement, and maintain environmental objectives and targets (measurable where practicable), considering. a) Legal and other requirements, b) Significant environmental aspects, c) Technological options d) Financial, operational and business requirements, e) Views of interested parties. Establish, implement and maintain programs for achieving objectives and targets, Include: a) Designation of responsibility; b) Means and timeframe.

Project : Environmental Studies for Vishnugad Pipalkoti Hydro-Electric Project Page:2 Document : 2008026/EC/Final Report Date: Nov 2009 Annex-4.18.1 : ISO 14001:2004 Requirements Revision: R4 IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION Resources, Roles, Responsibility and Authority a) Ensure the availability of essential resources. b) Define and communicate roles, responsibility, and authorities. c) Appoint a specific management representative for establishing, implementing, and

maintaining the system and for reporting.

Competence, Training and Awareness a) Persons performing tasks are competent based on education, training, and/or experience. b) Identify training needs and provide training or other actions. Communication: Internal and external communications. Documentation: Information to describe the management system Control of Documents

a) Approve documents for adequacy; b) Review and update as necessary; c) Ensure changes are identified; d) Relevant versions are available; e) Identify and control distribution of external documents f) Prevent unintended use of obsolete documents. Operational Control: Identify and plan operations, and carry them out under specified conditions. This includes informing suppliers of any requirements

Emergency Preparedness and Response: Identify potential for and respond to accidents and emergency situations. Review, revise, and test procedures. CHECKING Monitoring and Measurement a) Monitor and measure the key characteristics of operations. b) Calibrate or verify and maintain monitoring equipment. Evaluation of Compliance

Periodically evaluate compliance with applicable legal requirements. Evaluate compliance with other requirements.

Project : Environmental Studies for Vishnugad Pipalkoti Hydro-Electric Project Page:3 Document : 2008026/EC/Final Report Date: Nov 2009 Annex-4.18.1 : ISO 14001:2004 Requirements Revision: R4

Nonconformity corrective action and preventive action Deal with actual and potential nonconformities. a) Identify and correct nonconformities. b) Investigate nonconformities, determine causes, take actions to avoid recurrence. c) Evaluate need to prevent nonconformities and implement appropriate actions. d) Record results. e) Review effectiveness of actions taken.

Actions taken are appropriate to the magnitude of the problems and the environmental impacts encountered. Control of Records: Establish and maintain legible, identifiable and traceable records to demonstrate conformity and results achieved. Internal Audit: Environmental management system internal audits at planned intervals.

a) Determine if the system

1) Conforms to planned arrangements; 2) Has been implemented and maintained;

b) Provide information to management. Base the program on activity importance and the results of previous audits. Selection of auditors and conduct of audits to ensure objectivity and the impartiality of the audit process. MANAGEMENT REVIEW Review the environmental management system at planned intervals for continuing suitability, adequacy, and effectiveness. Assess opportunities for improvement and the need for changes to the system. Input to management reviews include

a) Results of internal audits and evaluations of compliance, b) Communication(s) from external interested parties, c) Environmental performance, d) Extent objectives and targets have been met, e) Estatus of corrective and preventive actions, f) Follow-up actions from previous reviews, g) Changing circumstances, and h) Recommendations for improvement. Outputs include decisions and actions related to possible changes to the system.

Annex 4.18.2

Flow Chart: Organizational Setup of THDC India Limited

Director (Personnel)

CHAIRMAN & MANAGING DIRECTOR (CMD)

COMPANY SECRETARY (CS)

G. M. (Corp planning)

Rishikesh

G. M. (Finance & Accounts) AGM (Commercial) AGM (Internal Audit)

E. D. (Contracts) Rishikesh

Director (Technical)

CHIEF VIGILANCE OFFICER (CVO)

AGM (MPS)

Rishikesh

G. M. (Liaison)

Noida G.M. (Tehri Power Plant & Tehri PSP) G. M. (Koteshwar HEP) G.M. (Social & Environment, CSR) G.M. (Design-Civil/HM) G.M. (Design – EM) GM (VPHEP) AGM (QA&I, OMS Safety) AGM (New Projects)

Director (Finance)

AGM (Law & Arbitration) G.M. (Services) E.D. (HRD) G. M. (P & A) DGM (Corporate Communication) DGM (IT)

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Project : Environmental Studies for Vishnugad Pipalkoti Hydro-Electric Project Page:1 Document : 2008026/EC/Final Report Date: Nov 2009 Annex-4.18.3 : Details of Training Programs attended by VPHEP Staff Revision: R4

Annex-4.18.3

Details of Training Programs attended by VPHEP Staff S No.

Name Designation Type of Training

Training Institution Training Component

1 Mr. R. Khare General Manager

ST Marcos Env. Mumbai CDM

2 Dr. D. L. Bhatt Senior Manager MT SJVNL Exposure visit

MT Centre for Science & Environment

EIA 3 Mr. R. P. Bhatt Senior Officer Environment

MT SJVNL Exposure visit

MT SJVNL Exposure visit 4 Mr. V. Thapliyal Senior Officer Environment ST ESCI, Hyderabad EIA

MT Centre for Science & Environment

EIA 5 Mr. Manoj Rangar Senior Officer Environment


6 Mr. S. Ghildiyal Senior Officer MT SJVNL Exposure visit

7 Mr. R. S. Negi Senior Engineer MT SJVNL Exposure visit

8 Mr. N. C. Bahuguna Senior Engineer MT SJVNL Exposure visit

9 Mr. Sanjeet Singh Supervisor (GRI) MT Centre for Science & Environment

EIA

ST ESCI - Hyderabad EIA 10 Mr. M. S. Rana Supervisor (GRI)


Source: CES Note: ST- Short Term, MT – Mid Term

Annex 4.19.1

2010-

11

2011-

12

2012-

13

2013-

14

2014-

15

2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

Selection of Site year √ 300,000 300,000

Selection of

species

year √

Nursury

Development

percent 63 37 65,000 36,000 23,000 6,000

Plantation work Percent 10 75 15 167,000 20,000 126,000 21,000

Maintenance √ v √ √ √ 68,000 12,000 20,000 12,000 12,000 12,000

Slection of

species

year √

Plantation &

Fencing

percent 80 20 1,500,000 900,000 450,000 150,000

Setup Monitoring

units

No. 2 2 200,000 200,000

Awareness

Programs

No. 6 2 1 1 1 1 300,000 100,000 150,000 50,000

Selection of Site ha 201 120 80

Selection of

species

year year √ √

Selection/

development of

nurseries

year year √ √

Plantation &

fencing

ha 201 85 64 60 64,000,000 19,200,000 22,400,000 12,800,000 6,400,000 3,200,000

66,600,000 20,768,000 23,169,000 13,039,000 6,412,000 3,212,000

Catchment Area

Activities

Gap plantation

ha 364 124 120 120 9,100,000 3,100,000 3,000,000 3,000,000

Pasture

Development

ha 280 100 100 80 2,800,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 800,000

Social Forestry

ha 60 20 20 20 1,500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000

Fuel wood and

fodder

ha 60 20 20 20 600,000 200,000 200,000 200,000

Nursery

development

no 5 3 2 1,000,000 600,000 400,000

Forest Dept

GoUK

THDC/ Joint

Body

Sub Total

Catchment Area

Treatment Plan

Road Side

Plantation

Wildlife

Protection

Compensatory

Afforestation

Develop Herbal

Garden

Forest Dept

GoUK

THDC/CS

CC

Forest Dept

GoUK

Bio Diversity

Management

Plan

Physical Targets TOTAL Financial Targets Operation

Phase budget

Implementation

Responsibility

Special

Monitoring

Requirement

A

Vishnugad Pipalkoti Hydro Electric Project (VPHEP)

Environmental Management Plan Budget

Item Activity Sub-Activity Unit TOTAL

B

1

Annex 4.19.1

2010-

11

2011-

12

2012-

13

2013-

14

2014-

15

2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15


Phase budget

Implementation

Responsibility

Special

Monitoring

Requirement


Nursery

maintenance

no 5 5 5 500,000 250,000 250,000

Barbed wire

fencing

km 5 3 2 500,000 300,000 200,000

Watch & ward

10 persons

manmont

h

360 12 12 12 1,800,000 600,000 600,000 600,000

Contour bunding

ha 15 15 380,000 380,000

Step drain

m 500 200 200 100 1,250,000 500,000 500,000 250,000

Check dams

no 20 10 10 4,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000

Ecorestoration Plantation

ha 200 150 50 5,815,800 2,580,450 2,397,650 699,400 90,800 47,500

Densification

ha 450 90 230 130 10,933,650 1,273,770 4,069,330 3,985,090 1,358,220 154,140 93,100

Pasture

development

ha 50 50 1,085,150 666,500 376,950 22,700 9,500 9,500

Medicinal

Plantation

ha 300 80 140 80 8,723,700 1,376,240 3,228,420 2,910,920 1,009,640 141,480 57,000

ANR

ha 1200 200 200 200 300 300 10,971,600 1,828,600 1,828,600 1,828,600 1,828,600 1,828,600 1,828,600

Engineering Works

Vegetative check

Dams

No. 3750 1200 1400 1150 24,750,000 7,920,000 9,240,000 7,590,000

Gully plugging

No. 6000 2000 2000 2000 9,900,000 3,300,000 3,300,000 3,300,000

Stone

checkdams

No. 6000 1200 2400 1200 1200 45,300,000 9,060,000 18,120,000 9,060,000 9,060,000

Cratewire

checkdams

No. 4000 1250 1750 1000 66,000,000 20,625,000 28,875,000 16,500,000

Spur

No. 2200 700 1050 450 33,440,000 10,640,000 15,960,000 6,840,000

Percolation tank

No. 2500 1200 1300 11,750,000 5,640,000 6,110,000

Wildlife

Management

Work

Anti Poaching

hut

No. 10 6 4 2,500,000 1,500,000 1,000,000

Forest guard

residence

No. 10 6 2 2 5,500,000 3,300,000 1,100,000 1,100,000

Wildlife Chetana

centre

No. 2 2 3,000,000 3,000,000

2

Annex 4.19.1

2010-

11

2011-

12

2012-

13

2013-

14

2014-

15

2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15


Phase budget

Implementation

Responsibility

Special

Monitoring

Requirement


Fire

Extinguishing

centre

No. 10 6 4 4,500,000 2,700,000 1,800,000

Wireless Room

No. 2 2 700,000 700,000

Watch Tower

No. 6 4 2 3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000

Conservation of

Water Resources

No. 25 15 10 1,250,000 750,000 500,000

Water Chery

No. 25 15 10 375,000 225,000 150,000

Man Animal

Conflict

3,000,000 600,000 600,000 600,000 600,000 600,000

Evaluation 500,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000

New Construction Wages Hut

No. 14 9 5 4,200,000 2,700,000 1,500,000

Forester

Residence

No. 4 3 1 3,000,000 2,250,000 750,000

Deputy Ranger

Residence

No. 1 1 850,000 850,000

Forest Rest

house

No. 1 1 5,000,000 5,000,000

Store room

No. 4 4 1,400,000 1,400,000

ACF Residence

No. 1 1 2,500,000 2,500,000

T.O Quarter

No. 2 2 6,000,000 6,000,000

Renovation

Forest Guard

Residence

No. 4 4 600,000 600,000

Forester

Residence

No. 4 3 1 1,000,000 750,000 250,000

Resin Chowkidar

Quarter

No. 1 1 350,000 350,000

Check gate

No. 1 1 150,000 150,000

ACF Residence

No. 1 1 400,000 400,000

3

Annex 4.19.1

2010-

11

2011-

12

2012-

13

2013-

14

2014-

15

2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15


Phase budget

Implementation

Responsibility

Special

Monitoring

Requirement


TO Quarter

No. 1 1 400,000 400,000

Range Ordalee

residence

No. 1 1 60,000 60,000

Foot Path new

construction

No. 178 50 80 48 8,900,000 2,500,000 4,000,000 2,400,000

Foot Path

renovation

No. 158 40 80 38 3,160,000 800,000 1,600,000 760,000

Foot Bridge new

construction

No. 4 2 2 2,200,000 1,100,000 1,100,000

Foot Bridge

renovation

No. 6 2 2 2 1,500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000

Other

Development

activities

percent 100 25 25 25 12 13 152,000,000 37,500,000 35,500,000 32,000,000 19,000,000 13,000,000 15,000,000

470,094,900 144,028,610 161,578,300 97,849,210 33,678,560 15,924,520 17,035,700

Selection of

dump sites

No. 4 4

Handover sites

to Contractor

No. 4 4

Construction of

retaining wall

No. 4 4 EPC Contract

Identify rediness

for rehabilitation

(part of site)

year √

Prepare plan year √

Development of

Nursery (or

Contract)

year √ √ √ 2,000,000 600,000 600,000 600,000 200,000

Procure pumps &

pump house

No. 4 4 1,800,000 1,800,000

Plantation on

spoil slope

sites 4 √ √ √ 2,000,000 600,000 800,000 600,000

Turfing of slopes √ √ √ √ 7,700,000 200,000 2,500,000 2,500,000 2,500,000

bio-fencing of

site

√ √ √ 843,000 200,000 523,000 120,000

Maintenance √ √ √ 600,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000

Watch & ward √ √ √ 2,600,000 800,000 800,000 1,000,000

CC

CC

THDC/ CS

Sub Total

Construction of

retaining walls on

disposal sites

Muck

Management

Plan

Rehabilitation

C

4

Annex 4.19.1

2010-

11

2011-

12

2012-

13

2013-

14

2014-

15

2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15


Phase budget

Implementation

Responsibility

Special

Monitoring

Requirement


Contingencies/es

calation

√ √ √ √ √ 2,240,000 448,000 448,000 448,000 448,000 448,000

19,783,000 1,048,000 1,398,000 7,098,000 5,421,000 4,818,000 0

upgradation of

Hatchery

including O&M

Year √ 8,740,000 4,740,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000

Vehicle for fish

transportation

No 1 600,000 200,000 200,000 200,000

Water Quality

monitoring U/S

and D/S

2 per

season

30 6 6 6 6 6 1,000,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000

Miscellaneous &

Contingencies

year 5 √ √ √ √ √ 60,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000

Plantation along

Birahi

year 5 √ √ √ √ √ 1,000,000 200,000 400,000 400,000

11,400,000 5,152,000 1,612,000 1,812,000 1,412,000 1,412,000 0

Selection of site year √

Selection of

species

year √ √ √

Plantation No 12306 4000 4000 4000 306 5,153,000 1,500,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 153,000

Fencing No 4000 4000 4000 306 1,000,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 250,000

6,153,000 1,750,000 1,750,000 2,250,000 403,000 0 0

Filling up of

excavated sites

year 4 √ √ √ √ 1,500,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 300,000

Purchase green

manure

year 3 √ √ √ 500,000 250,000 200,000 50,000

Digging pit year 3 √ √ √ 80,000 30,000 30,000 20,000

Plantation of

saplings

year 3 √ √ √ 40,000 15,000 15,000 10,000

Purchase

Fertilizer

year 3 √ √ √ 500,000 200,000 150,000 150,000

Weeding &

maintenance

years 5 √ √ √ 250,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 100,000

Fencing year 2 √ √ 300,000 100,000 100,000 100,000

Watch & ward 4

persons

years 7 √ √ √ 1,830,000 192,000 211,200 232,320 1,194,480

5,000,000 0 400,000 1,237,000 1,156,200 912,320 1,294,480

THDC THDC /CS

CC THDC /CS

Dept of

Fisheries,GoUK /

DCFR ICAR

Bhimtal

THDC / CS

Sub Total

Restoration of

Quarry Site

Green Belt

Development

Plan

Sub Total

Sub Total

Fish

Management

Plan

Sub Total

E

F

D

5

Annex 4.19.1

2010-

11

2011-

12

2012-

13

2013-

14

2014-

15

2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15


Phase budget

Implementation

Responsibility

Special

Monitoring

Requirement


Selection of

Disposal Area

year √

Covered truck No 2 1 1 5,000,000 2,500,000 2,500,000

Employee

Persons

No 10 10 4,390,000 878,000 878,000 878,000 878,000 878,000

Miscellaneous 409,100 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 9,100

9,799,100 3,478,000 3,478,000 978,000 978,000 887,100 0

Clearing &

grubbing

Year √ 4,000,000 4,000,000

Construction of

breast walls

Year √ 3,000,000 3,000,000

Drainage Year √ 2,000,000 2,000,000

9,000,000 9,000,000 0 0 0 0 0

Construction of

Community

latrines with

water supply

No 410 200 200 10 8,200,000 4,000,000 4,000,000 200,000

Construction of

Septic tanks

No 17 6 7 4 4,250,000 1,500,000 1,750,000 1,000,000

Miscellaneous &

Contingencies

year 5 50,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000

12,500,000 5,510,000 5,760,000 1,210,000 10,000 10,000 0

J Fuel Kerosene / LPG Year √ √ √ √ √ 1,000,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 0 CC / THDC THDC /CS

Construction &

establishment of

Hospital

/Dispensaries

No 2 2 16,000,000 16,000,000 THDC THDC /CS

Doctors

No 2 2 4,200,000 840,000 840,000 840,000 840,000 840,000

Nurses

No 4 4 2,880,000 576,000 576,000 576,000 576,000 576,000

Health workers

No 4 4 2,400,000 480,000 480,000 480,000 480,000 480,000

Attendants

No 4 4 1,440,000 288,000 288,000 288,000 288,000 288,000

Drivers

No 5 5 1,500,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000

Health assistants

No 2 2 960,000 192,000 192,000 192,000 192,000 192,000

CC THDC/ CS

THDC THDC / CS

CC THDC /CS

Sub Total

Sub Total

Road

Construction

Public Health

Delivery Plan

Sub Total

Solid Waste

Management

Plan

Sanitary Facility

Labour Camp

I

K

G

H

6

Annex 4.19.1

2010-

11

2011-

12

2012-

13

2013-

14

2014-

15

2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15


Phase budget

Implementation

Responsibility

Special

Monitoring

Requirement


Dressers

No 2 2 600,000 120,000 120,000 120,000 120,000 120,000

Drugs &

Medicine

years 5 3,000,000 600,000 600,000 600,000 600,000 600,000

Ambulance

No 3 2 1 2,400,000 1,600,000 800,000

Recurring

Expenditure &

Contingencies

years 5 1,020,000 204,000 204,000 204,000 204,000 204,000

* HIV / AIDS

Protection

years 5 √ √ √ √ √ 900,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 100,000 THDC THDC/CS

37,300,000 21,400,000 4,600,000 3,800,000 3,800,000 3,700,000 0

Water Quality

No 15 90,000 90,000 THDC

Air Quality&

meteorology

days 480 96 96 96 96 96 2,840,000 568,000 568,000 568,000 568,000 568,000

Noise Level

quaterly 20 4 4 4 4 4 500,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000

Water related

diseases

No 15 3 3 3 3 3 2,440,000 488,000 488,000 488,000 488,000 488,000

Effluent/ Water

Quality

monitoring

samples 2040 408 408 408 408 408 5,280,000 996,000 996,000 996,000 996,000 996,000 300,000 CC / THDC

Aquatic ecology-

Phytoplankton,

Zooplankton,

macrozoobentho

No 10 500,000 500,000

Soil erosion &

siltation

No 10 160,000 160,000

Environmental

Expert Panel

(1+5)

No of

visits

10 2 2 2 2 2 10,500,000 2,100,000 2,100,000 2,100,000 2,100,000 2,100,000

22,310,000 4,252,000 4,252,000 4,252,000 4,252,000 4,252,000 1,050,000

Manager Level

and above

No 2 1 1 4,800,000 840,000 900,000 960,000 1,020,000 1,080,000

Water & WQ Unit No 4 2 2 9,960,000 840,000 1,920,000 2,160,000 2,400,000 2,640,000

EIA &

Compliance Unit

No 4 2 2 9,960,000 840,000 1,920,000 2,160,000 2,400,000 2,640,000

Aquatic Ecology

Unit

No 4 1 2 1 9,060,000 420,000 1,440,000 2,160,000 2,400,000 2,640,000

Biodiversity &

Forestry Unit

No 4 1 2 1 9,060,000 420,000 1,440,000 2,160,000 2,400,000 2,640,000

Climate Change

& Carbon

Finance Unit

No 4 1 2 1 7,140,000 480,000 1,620,000 2,400,000 2,640,000

THDC 2 visits per year

each expert

THDC THDC/ CS

CC

THDC /CS

THDC

Sub Total

Sub Total

Corporate

Recruitment

M

Environmental

Monitoring Plan

L

Adaptive

Capacity

7

Annex 4.19.1

2010-

11

2011-

12

2012-

13

2013-

14

2014-

15

2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15


Phase budget

Implementation

Responsibility

Special

Monitoring

Requirement


49,980,000 3,360,000 8,100,000 11,220,000 13,020,000 14,280,000 0

Manager and

above

No 1 1 4,800,000 840,000 900,000 960,000 1,020,000 1,080,000

Environment

Engineer /

Scientist

No 2 2 5,400,000 840,000 960,000 1,080,000 1,200,000 1,320,000

10,200,000 1,680,000 1,860,000 2,040,000 2,220,000 2,400,000 0

Water Quality No 1 1 250,000 250,000

Air Quality No 1 1 200,000 200,000

Meteorological No 1 1 100,000 100,000

550,000 550,000 0 0 0 0

Special Studies,

Compliance

Reporting,

regular quaterly

No 1 √ √ 3,000,000 400,000 400,000 600,000 600,000 1,000,000

Photographic

monitoring

monthly 60 12 12 12 12 12 250,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000

Web

Dissemination

Year √ √ √ √ √ 100,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000

3,350,000 470,000 470,000 670,000 670,000 1,070,000

64,080,000 6,060,000 10,430,000 13,930,000 15,910,000 17,750,000

Environment

Engineer /

Scientist-EMC &

Env Dept.

percent 100 30 30 20 15 5 7,775,000 1,600,000 1,985,000 1,550,000 1,640,000 1,000,000

Project Staff percent 60 15 15 10 10 10 7,050,000 1,000,000 1,700,000 1,550,000 1,300,000 1,500,000

Corporate staff percent 30 2 8 15 3 2 5,505,000 340,000 1,575,000 1,150,000 1,500,000 940,000

Contractor staff-

Trainings

Trainings 10 5 4 1 1,050,000 500,000 500,000 50,000

21,380,000 3,440,000 5,760,000 4,300,000 4,440,000 3,440,000 0

ISO 14000 Year √ 800,000 800,000

OHSAS 18001 Year √ 1,200,000 1,200,000

2,000,000 0 800,000 1,200,000 0 0 0

THDC /CS

THDC THDC / CS

THDC THDC /CS

Documentation &

Communication

Sub Total

TrainingCapacity

Building Plan

Sub Total

Sub Total

Systems THDC

Sub Total

Sub Total Adaptive

Sub Total

Project

Recruitment

Laboratory &

Equipment

N

O ISO /OHSAS

8

Annex 4.19.1

2010-

11

2011-

12

2012-

13

2013-

14

2014-

15

2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15


Phase budget

Implementation

Responsibility

Special

Monitoring

Requirement


Opening

Museum

Year √ 1,500,000 1,500,000

Conservation of

Heritage site

Year √ 500,000 500,000

Enhancement of

Village teples

Year √ √ 500,000 500,000

2,500,000 0 0 2,500,000 0 0 0

760,900,000 226,086,610 225,187,300 155,655,210 78,072,760 56,517,940 19,380,180

76.09 Crores

* The budget towards HIV / AIDS protection for Construction Contractor(CC) has been incorporated in EPC .

THDC THDC /CS

Sub Total

GRAND TOTAL

CS: Construction Supervisor/Third Party Monitoring

Note CC: Construction Contractor

P Archaeological

Management

Plan

9