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What Are International Institutions?Author(s): John DuffieldSource: International Studies Review, Vol. 9, No. 1 (Spring, 2007), pp. 1-22Published by: on behalf ofWiley The International Studies AssociationStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4621775Accessed: 12-03-2016 22:51 UTC

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2/23

n rn n ud R v w

REFLECTONEVALUATON NTEGRATON

Wh A r n rn n n u n

JOHNDUFFELD

D pr m n f P n G rg Un v r y

n rn n n u n r n r f u fn rn n r n

h r h p w f p y mk ng ff r r und h w r dD p

h r mp r n ur h r y r ur k wd y p d d f

n n f u wh h y r n d h r h v mp y d r ng f

rg y n n vr p png n p n n r bu n g fr gm n n f

h r ur n dh nd rng h r umu n Th y k

r mdy h u n f ry f ff r f r r v w h p rn p

wy n wh h n rn n n u n h v b n n p u d nd

d n f h r h r m ng h nd v p d fn n h p rm

b n u v f wh r mm ny rg rd d h m mp r n

n u n f rm w h u ng n y h rn A fn n

d u m f h n r b n f h r u f r m mp yng h

n w d fn n b h n m pr v ng x n g h r h p n dby u gg

ng v u b n w v nu f r r h

Th r r m ny d f n n f n rn n n u n h r r

h r p r p v

Th m R

Ov r h y r n r n n n u n f v r u yp r rg n

n r g m nv n n nd n h v gr wn gr y n numb r n d m

pr n P r ng h gr wh h h r y r ur n n rn n r n

h n u v w v f ff r d r b nd xp n n u n p hn m

n n d d n rn n n u n h v fr u ny b n h n r f d ng

h r d b n h f d

N vr h h h r y r u r k w d y p d d f n n f n r

n n n u n n b n h h h d vr unf r un n u n

Fr h rm fr u n y u d r fr d n y dff rn mp r ph n m

n u h n rg vrnm n rg n n G O n r n n r g m nd

f nrm N n yd h p r r u n mu hp n f r nfu n b u

m n h h f nd ng f m ud f n rn n n u n pp y

ny m d f n u n f rm F r x mp J hn R hrd

An r r vr n f h y w pr n d G rg Un vr y E mry Un vr y nd h nnu

m ng f h n rn n ud A n Nw Or n Th u h r w h h nk h mny

n dv du w h h v ff r d h pf u m m n n d ug g n n u dn gC hp C r y J ff Ch k M r h

F nn m r J ff L gr C Lyn h R n M h D n R r M h m h N n T nn nw d nd A Y

w h d r n d n nym u r v w r f numb r f u rn

n rn n ud R v w

Pub h d by B k w P ub h n g M n r M d n MA U A n d G r ng n R d O xf rd OX DQ U K


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3/23

Wh A r n rn n n u n

p v h ry f n rn n n u n n f n rn n yn r

r g u r y gr m n

n d n umb r f h r y w rk m y h v b n u nn r y f w d

b u f h rf ur r g n h v r u d n f rm h n rn n

n u n n k A r u m u d h v df n dn u n n n w y

n y u h rm r r fr h rf rm F r xmp B rb r Kr m

n C hr L p n nd Dun n nd d fn n rn n n u

n xp rr ng m n n g d mng n rn n r h

pr r b pr r b n d/ r u hr b h v r y h ypr d n ud n

h r n y h v ry dff r n f rm f n r n n rg n n h p rf rm

v r u fun n r r g n M r r u y m yb un kn w dg d

vr n n h n ur f h n u n h m v r h r h n h r f r h

un f r h p r n f u m h u h ud k xp n

Th rd h n rn n r n r ur r m n unn r yb k n d

dh rn f dff rn n p n k p n n h r wh n hy mp

mmun n p r u r h f d h r r d by rg y d

r n nd n r u v mp wh h mph m r r f rm ru nd

n r ub v n rm r p v y A h ugh g n f n p r gr b n gm d

w h n p f r r h pr gr m h r u h b n p hw rk und r n d ng

f n rn n n u n r h r h n h d v pm n f mpr h n v h r y

A Mr h Fnn mr b h n d n mm nur b d fn n m n

h d p m r n b ng r n nd g ppr h

d n u n h v n mm n N n yd gn r m b u

h u r n u n f n rn n n u n p n y m d

v d y bu p n y mp r n ph n mn n d n r ng u n h

r n n d h n p n mp y d by n dv du r r h pr g rm m y b

v r k d

n r dr r mdy h u n f ry f ff r br d df n n f n

rn n n u n h n rp r h m mp r n n u n f rm

r u r dC r n y u h d f n n pr r u f r h d v pm n f n y

u y mpr h n v h r n h ub A E n rO r m h r

gu d n n f f d n dv n f r f h p r p n d n h r mm n

un dr n dn g f k y r m L k w mp rh n v d f n n w u dp rv d

mm nfr mw rk w hn wh h n u d m r p f yp f n r

n n n u n nd r h m n n h r f ng fu r ppr n

f h r m r nd d ff rn w h nk b w n hm

Th y k ddr h n d f r r v w h pr n p w y nwh h

n rn n n u n h v b n n p u d nd dn f h r hr m

ng h nd v p d f n n f n rn n n u n h pr m b

n u v f wh r mm ny rg rd d h m mp r n n u n f rm

w hu ng n y h r n T h nd n rn n n u n r d

fn dh r r v y b f r d n u v r gu v nd pr d ur

n rm nd ru h p r n h n rn n y m h r n h y m

n ud ng w n n n nd h r v Th d f n n

n gr x ng n p n wh xpr ng w mp r n d n n n

o n oog c nd on f unc o n h r n o mu n ou y pr n n n y x ng

df n n A f n n d u m f h n r b n f h m yr u

fr m mp y ng h n w d fn n pr p d h h n w df n n w b h

mprov e e x t n g c h o arh p an du gg e t n ew av e nu e of re e arc h

Ex ng Df n n f n rn n n u n

R b r K h n r b rv n h n u n r f n d

u d w hou b n g d fn d or f r h v ng b n d fn d on y u y

h rd y ru d y hn wh n w m d n ry w d d g n d d v n




4/23

JOHNDUFFELD

wrk h purp r pr v d g nr urv y f n u n p h n mn f n

f fr n y h m ur ry d u n f h m n ng f h rm n u n f

h y pr v d n y n h ndm rk udy Th A nr h y f r x mp

H d yBu xp r h n rbu n f h n u n f n rn n

y n r n n rd r w h u n ywh r d f nng x p y h f r mr

L k w w h rw v u b r n v rv w f h n u n r ur f

gr pp w h h fund mn u n f u w h n r n n n u n r

A v nW b r fr nk y k n w dg h h w n k by h

h ng f d fn ng n n u n w h h u f n h h p pr h h

d u r u ff n y dff r n h d v p n df n n h w r v

r h mw ud b dff u n n r h n rbu n by L M r n nd

h m m n n h r nd mp r ud f n rn n n

u n n h p f f h nn v r ry u f n rn n Org n n d n

v nr h u n f df n n nd h p r f b yM r n nd m mn

n ub u n d d v um n n r n n n u n ff r n y

n p r gr ph d f n n mm n

Wh n h r h v p d r fu n n d fn n u h yh v m

m ff rd n p n h r x v ybr d n ud ng m n h r

b v w d d n f rm n u n F r x mp K J H

d r b n u n n rm f p r n d pr nd n f d r

b f nd n rm nd ru A hugh h n v h u nk b w n

h mp n n m ny h r w ud rg rd n r mr f h m u nn

ry r up rf uu d fn n f n u n p r

N fru r ng fr u d n f n rn n n u n h b n h x n

f v r g n r y n nv r pp ng n p n h r h n m pr h n v

A r u w n n n d ff r br ng r y h u b h v n m wy

ny dd d h nfu n Th n p n n b gr up d rugh y n f u r

g r n u n f rm r gn n pr ru nd n rm

T r d n C n p n n u n F rm Org n n

Tr d n y h r nd h r h v fr u n yu d h rm n rn n

n u n r fr f rm n r n n rg n n f r xmp h n r

n n f nn n u n f h n r n n M n ry Fund MF nd h

W rd Bnk Th u n f r gn n w h n u n m yh v md

r n m un f n n h nd wh nn rn n rg n n

w r h pr n p ub f n u n n ury by h r A ud f h r

n rn n n u n f rm u h r g m h v pr f r d n h p

hr d d h wv r u h r r d n ru n f h n p h b m

m d ng nd r u n ppr pr

N vr h h pr h r m n d m mn v n n hgh y h r

w rk F r xmp A rhur n fn mp y u n rn n

n u n w h n rn n r g n n n n u n nd C v A n

W yn ndh xp y d n f h C mm n f h Eur p n

Cmmun y n n u n n n u n f r h E rh P r H R br

K hn n d M r Lvy f u m x u v y n h v f

n rn n rg n n F n y n Cr db y C nd n u n L

M r n p r n n rn n n u n n r m f n rn

n r g n n

2S ee oB rryB u zan 2004169M ore g e ne r yB u zan 2004167 c kn ow edg e t h t mot En gh S c hoo

wr r p nd f ny m d fn ng wh h ym n by h n u n f n rn n y




5/23

Wh A r n rn n n u n

E r y g C n p n n u n Pr

Th m rg n f h r ur n n rn n r gm n h nd

r y d h fr n u f f r by n rn n r n h r

v w n rn n n u n n br d r rm nd d fn h m y m y

L dng r gm h r u h Or nY ung nd R br

K hn rgu d h rg m h ud b n p u d n

u n wh h n u rn r u r d h n u n b d fn d

Y ung h m fm d h f r r fu mp pr vd d fn n f

n rn n n u n B rr wng fr m gy h d v p d n n d f

n n f n u n r g n d p rn f bh v r rpr r und

w h h xp n n v rg n h Y ung pr n d

m r rf n dv r n d n f b pr n ng f r gn d r nk d

g h r by u r f ru r nv n n g v rn ng r n m ng h u

pn f h r Thu f r Y ung n r n n n u n r n

u n g vrn ng h v f h m mb r f n rn n y A h ugh

p h br k ng Y ung n mp d fn n r n n n u n n v r

d v p d r ng f w ng w hn h mmun y f n r n n r n

h r Th pr r n f r h k f p pu r y r d ff u r n

N v r h n n dn fy hr p f Y ung d f n n h

m d u fu n nd r v n

n n n h r r g n p nw n rr w Y ung

dr w h rp d n n b w n n u n n d

r g n n wh hh df n d m r n p ng phy n

r ff p r nn u pm n n d budg A rd ng Y ung

n u n n g n r n d n rn n n u n n

p r u r m y rm yn b mp n dby xp rg n n n f h

d n n w pr bb y x gg r d n f u ng n h m r p f

rg n n Y u ng v r k d h f h m ny n b y n rg v rnm n

rg n n r p rm ry f r nd ru

n n hr n h g n p n w br d n h v w f

mny p n r v d by Y ung m n h v n w r

n u n Bu Y ung C r ny h w y n

wh h wr h v b n pr d d ff rn m nd p m yh v b n h pd

by n u n bu m ny wu dd g r w h h r n h w r

f p n rm d f n pr n gd n f rr d nb w n n n r

r by n uh r v df n n Mrr n u n gv n

h n n r yru g vrn d fr x mp H h p r

P rh p h m pr b m p f h g n p n fr mwh h

ung dr wn pr n h w vr h d gr wh h hy n

u n w h b hv r Wh h r h pr rm u d b hv r r pr

h pr m ry mph n h n nd v f h r n rn d r h r

than other institutional features. Consistent with this interpretation, Young

fn xp y n h mp r n f b h v r p pr h h

m pr d n f n f rg m A h ugh h b h v r n p n f n

tutons may have some uses t nevertheess requres mt ng ones expanatory

ambtons accordngy or rsk ng commttng the ogca fa acy of frst dentfyng

n u n n h b f b rv db hv r nd h nu ng h m xp n h

m b h v r K h n

R n C n p n n u n R u

Much more common n the terature s the ratona st or ratona stc concepton

f n u n f m r r f rm ru n r n n y g n r

um d r n y m x m h ru ub x rn n r n




6/23

JOHNDUFFELD

Fgur ng mp r n y m ng h n r n r n u n wh h n h r

n n p n r n u y n ru d fr mw rk b h dby g n

k ng pr m r pr h r n r Kr nr

A rd ng mm n nd M r n m h r hv m

r grd n rn n n u n f ru m n g vrn n rn n b

h v r u h h ru r f n n v d f m n h f rb d r ur r

permt partcu ar knds of actons Somewhat more broady Keohane 1988343

h d f n dn u n p r n nd nn d f ru f rm r

nf rm h p r r b bh v r r n r n v y nd h p xp

n Th d f n n n dv r n f h v b n wd y h ugh n u n

v r y d n h r ud f n rn n n u n f r xmp

Mr n W b r M r vr d ng r f n u n h

r h dv n d v ry m r df n n M rh m r h rby

f ng n ru v d b b w n h wh fnd n rn n n u n

b hgh y n u n nd h wh d n

Wh h v b n h r n f h r n n p n f n rn n

n u n ru p y n mp r nw h h g n p n

xpr d by Y un g P rh p m mp r n y d n gu h h rp y b w n

n u n nd bh v r gv n h h purp f mu hr n h r ng

pr y xp n n n d u m f r xmp mm n nd Mr n

Thu h n p n v d h d ng r f u g r n ng h

n rn d h r f b h v r n p n n d d Yung x

h m f h f f r d rv d df n n f n u n h k K h n p

p rm ry mph n ru nd r yd ff r n b w n h m nd b hv r

A r u nd n n un n wh r n r ump n m r gn r y

h n p n h p r vn b v ry pr du v n rm f g nr ng p wrfu

y p r m n u xp n ry h r R n h r v w n rn n n

u n ff ng bh v r nd u m b y ru ur ng h n n v nd

n r n h h r r h r g nv rnm n w hn wh h n rum n y

m v d u y mx m ng r p r M r p f y n u n ru

n rdu r n n b h bn hm rk f r v u ng h b hv r f

h r pr vd n frm n pr m u nk g n d f nf r m n f r

xmp K h n Kr nr M r n

D p p pu r y nd dm n r d u fu n h r n n p n f

n rn n n u n f m r r f rm ru n n f ur

h hv m d p n n d w n pr b b y n nu d A

p r m r h n p n m m mp r n f n rn

n n u n v un r h u f n rn n rg n n m

d fn n n ud h m fr x mp K h n wh r h r d n

f r x mp mm n nd Mr n nd n rn n w And

w ud pp r h v n p f r h m f und mn n u n f h n

rn n y m u h v r gn y Th m n m y f w fr m w

m r fund mn m n

F r h m ph n ru h r n u yd v d by h wh w ud b

ub h m n r y b ur h n r ub v nd d n h r r

h r f n d w h n u n A n n y f h kndr dn w

3K oh n d dno h m f d r b h d fn o n r on nd d h v w d b ng po n y u fu

f rb h r n nd wh h rm d r f v ppr h h udy f n rn n n u n p r n

mmun n N v r h h u n f n u n w hru r ng y d w hr n h

r hp n n y np n b u n n m nd n mr r n y r gy w And v n K h n

fr x mp h m m mph d h m r f rm f rm

K hn h m f h r d v r gn h d n n u n H h r p d yd r b d

h w v r pr r hr hn f ru p r n h n x f h n u n h n f

g n r p rn f v y h r by v rg ng n Y ung b h v r n p n




7/23

Wh A r n rn n n u n

n u n m n n m h b rv d r mr y k n wdg h x

n f h ru y m r gn ng h v d y f h ru w h u n

r y b v ng h h ru r f r r u f d Y Fr dr h

Kr hw n d J hn Rugg rgu n m n r n n r

n n r gm h u d pp y u w h br d r n p f n rn

n n u n w k n w r gm by h r p r n p d n d h r d un dr n dn g

f d rb nd p b f rm f b hv r Hn h n gy f rg m

r up n r ng m n f n r ub v y n dd n h yn wh

d ngu h n r n n r g m f r m h r n r n n p h n mn f rm

r g n r n u y p f y n rm v m n

n d h r n n p n mph n h b h v r n u n f

ru d v r n n fr m h wy n wh h n u n m y nd w r w h

r n p w r nd p nd n m v n r h mA Rugg

h rgu d r n ppr h k ny n p f n u v

ru n d r nd h rn r r y p y r d g v n nd x g

n u h n u n n u n Kr nr

n n r Y ung h r d p u w gh n h r

nh rn n n rn n n u n nd h rgh d w h hm

C n ru v g C n p n n u n N rm

p r y n r pn h m n f h d m n n r n n p n

just discussed, yet another sociological conception of international i nstitutions,

wh h mm ny d n ru v h m rg dn m r r n y r n

h w rd f Fnn mr n d kk nk n ru v f u n h r

f d n rm k nw dg u ur nd rgum n n p r ng n pr

u r h r f v y h d r n r ub v d nd und r nd ng n

f A r dng y h n ru v n p n p pr mry nd f n

xp mph n h n rub v p f n rn n n u n A

u h n r u v r grd n u n fund mn y d n p hn mn

n v vng d h r h rd by m mb r f v y W nd n

n r h r n n p n dv f h p r p v mph h

n u n r f n n r d n u y by hum nb ng bu m rg w y

hr ugh d b r v pr nd h h y r fr u n y k n f rgr n d

by h p p wh r f f d by hm K hn B rn

Th rm h m f n mp yd r pr n h u n rm

W hn h r ur n u n r g nr y v wd n ng fn rm

r f nrm f r xmp K F nn mr n d kk nk

W nd N rm n u rn r u u yd fn dby n ru v y

h r d x p n und r n d ng r nd rd f ppr pr b h v r fr

r w h g vn d n y fr x mp K F nn mr

K n n L gr F nn m r nd kk nk B k

R b r g r n d W gn r

C n ru v yp y g n d ngu h b w n w m n yp f nrm

f r xmp K K n n F nn m r nd kk nk

1998891 Ruggie 1998871) First, there are regulative (regulatory or prescrip-

v n rm Th r m r h ru r d nr n n p n n fr

a t h ey ord eran d c on t ran b e h av orU n k e more or e f ormaru e h owe v er

h yh v n n y v u v r d n u y A Fnn mr n d kk nk

1998 891 h v wr n pr c y h p r cr p v o r v u v qu y of

ugh n h n rm p r f r m h r k nd f ru

n d n dr pr n n g m r f un dm n d p r ur f r mr n

c onc e pt on t h ere re c on t t ut v e n orm f ore xmp e Ke oh n e 1988382

Kr nr W nd nd Duv K B rn




8/23

JOHNDUFFELD

F nn mr n d kk nk Rugg Th mp nn f n u n

g nr g n nd w hm wh r n p b nd pw r n dd r mn

h r und ry ng d n n r nd pr fr n Th y d fn

v nd g r f n nd d n h wrd f Jhn r

hy r h v ry p b y f r n v

N n yd h n ru v n p n n nr h r n

ppr h hgh gh h n r ub v n d n u v p f n rn n

n u n d n gu h f n w y xp y b w n n u n nd

pr un k h r r g ppr h f r x mp W nd nd

Duv F nn mr nd kk nk N v r h h n ru v

n p n h n y h d n mp n h n rn n r n r ur

mp r b h f h r n v wp n n n r h g nd

r n n p n n dr d b v n nu k pr mn n d f n

n x pr n mp r b w h h pr v d d by Y un g nd K h n M r

g n r y h w d v pd f h vr u n p n n n m p r

b u m n y f dh r n h v n b n pr mr y n r n dw h x p r ng

h n ur d r m n n r n u n f n rn n n u n p r n

m p r n x p n R

A m r fund mn pr b m h n mp rr f r h h nn f

r n un rp r h n ru v n p n my g f r n h

hr d r n n p r u r m n g h f rm f ur h r

f n h r r f p f n rn n n u n h y r

p pu r y n v d Pr u mb y mny h r w u dd g r w h h n n

n h n mu n r y pr b b n h h urf f r n r ub v n rm

b fr n n rg rd p r u r r y r rg n n n n rn n

n u n

AN wD fn n f n rn n n u n

Ev n h ugh v r u fu n p n f n rn n n u n n b fund n

h n rn n r n r ur h h m n h p r v n fr m rv

ng n d u f und n fr h d v p mn f m pr h n v h r f

n r n n n u n n d d n n y y h rn y u ff n y

n m p ng d fn n h n f h r pr gr n b r d fr n

Th f w ng n p r pr vd u h d fn n

Th ff r b d n v r pr n p F r n d u d fn n h ud b

mpr h n v n u gh mm d mm n yr g rd d frm f n rn

n n u n A h m m h w v r d fn n h u d n b x

p n v b r nd rd n y y u On mu g urd g n b urr ng h

d n n b w n n rn n n u n nd r d bu r gu by d n

ph nm n u h d n gn r r n rn n p r n

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n n h ud n g f r E nr O r m wh h rgu d h h

mu p r fr n fr h r m n u n nd h m u p n p

needtobeseparateydentf edandtreatedasseparateterms Nevertheessany

defnton thatdoenot mutaneou y aythegroundworkforataxonomyof

n rn n n u n w u d b nd u

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t a t o n t s no t s uffc ent s mp y to p r o v d e a s t a nd d es crpto no fd ffer ent ty pe s

f n rn n n u n R h r mp r n p ny x nmy n d

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Ry m nd

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d fn d r v y b f r d n u v r gu v nd pr d ur




9/23

Wh A r n rn n n u n

n rm nd ru h p r n h n rn n y m h r n h y m

n ud ng w n n n nd h r v Any p r u r

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m n rn n n u n r un k y b mp mp r n

kn w dg h h rm r v y b nd r d r nh rn y ub

jective, so some clarification may be helpful. By the former is meant that an in-

u n w xh b m pr n d ur b y nd r n n h f

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k xpr w mp r n d n n n n g nd n

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rv h n y b f r mpr hn v x nmy f n rn n

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h n

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n nd h ud b d n gu h d n p u y n rd r xpr h d n n

u u h w rd n rm u d by n r u v r fr h n r ub

jective elements and the word rules, as used by rationalists, to refer to the formal

m n Adm d y h ngu h n u npr b m nd m r d r

m y b Th w rd n r m n d ru h v b n gn dnum ru

m nng n h n r n n r n r ur Typ y mr v r h m n

n g r u m r n d h wrd r f n u d n r hng b y f r

x mp K hn Kr h w Onuf C r nd

D v F nn m r nd kk nk R H N v r

h u h d n n n n n n w h h rbr d r u g nd fr k

f b r r m w ud m pr vd n d u w y f xpr ng h n

g d ff r n h f n r n hr

A h ugh fw n u n m yb n r y d n n n ur n r u v

hv md mp n g f rv wng h m n r ub v n pr

Thu n mp r n x n n u n m y x n h m nd f p p nd

n d n b w r n dwn nywh r A u h h ym yb h r r d h r d

mn m d D n u nd N r h W nd Kr hw n d

Rugg Th f ur f n u n yp y r p n n u y

rather than through a process of negotiation, although they may subsequently be

d f d n wr n g r f rm m n Th h b n h f r mny hum n

r gh n r m w f wr n dd p m nv n n L k w g vn h r

mp y n n u n u r n rm nn b m p d h ugh h y n b

5These are not the ony potenta y mportant dstnctons one can make among nternatona nsttutons For

x mp Y ung d ngu h b w n n r n n rd r br d fr m w rk r rng m n g v rn ng

h v f r m m mb r f n rn n y nd n rn n r g m h r mr p

d rr ng mn h p r n w d fn d v r ur r g gr ph r nd f n nv v n y

m u b f h mmb r f n rn n y m r y h Eng h h r ur d ff rn b w n

pr mry n u n wh h df n h b h r r nd purp f n rn n y n d nd ry n

u n wh h r m r k n r g m Bu n xv




10/23

JOHNDUFFELD

n u d v uh pr p r u n nd n f r xmp h

n r m f y d r b d nF nn m r n d k knk

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h y ugh b f w d Ch y n dCh y mph n h r g n

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w rd n n r y m n hr n n rm f nn mb n mmun y

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r u h y r k y x r dff rng dgr f nf un Th r ng h f

n rm d rm n dby w f r On h fr n f h mmb r f

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r mm n y B k R b r gr n dW gn r F r x mp

hr n r un vr gr m n h h m w p n h u dn vr b u d

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n d fr x mp R b r An h r h n n y w hwh h h

n rm yp y h dby mmb r f h y m m n rm m y nv v

n f b g n wh r h r my b d py n rn d b k n

f rgr n d C nr h pr r p n f h u f fr w h h n v ry nrm

Hw d w kn wwh h r uh n u n u y x M r p f y h w

n w h wwd y h rd p r u r nrm r hw r ng y h d N

h r y n n u x n h m ur mn f nrm N v rh n nb hv

r v dn f r h x n f nrm n b u d fr m n umb r f u r

n u dng u rv y xp r mn n r v w nd pr p n b rv n f r

x mp H h r n dOpp And n h udy f n r n n n r m n

wh h f n d ff u n r d r y w h h r nv v d n n nd

mu x mn wh p p y nd wr u ng u hm h d n n d ur

nd h r n y f r xmp R ym nd

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w n h v ny nd r v d n f h r x n u w n ny h v

nd r v d n f m h rm v n f r p n N v r h

pr y b u n rm by df n n m b dy u y f u gh n nd h r d

m r m n nrm pr mp u f n f r n nd v n x n v

r f mmun n m ng r h w n u dy nd d n rm mu b

xpr d fr m m m v rb y r n pp r n u y run n u y

f r h rw h y u dn b h r d by mmb r f gr up Wh p p

y nd wr n n yr v bu r f frm r r n fr h r b f nd n m

v n h p r n wn rm

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theneedtoexamnecommuncatveprocessesord scourse norderto dentfy

nrm f r xmp K F nn m r

nd d mu h w d d g K r h w n dRugg rgu df r

h n d f r n n rpr v ppr h h udy f rg m n g h f h r

nh r n yd g n ur n h n d n fy ng nrm k n h pr

L k w F nn mr n d kk nk m n n h b h h n r ub v n d h v u v d

m n n r n p b wh nd u n g nrm nd G r nd D h wr h h rm n rm

r f h d n g mp nn h k ng n h rm ru




11/23

Wh A r n rn n n u n

fd r mn ng wh h r u m ry n rn n w x mu p r v

h p r u r pr b g r y r r ur dby w H w h n d w kn w

h h A rd ng n rn n g h r n mp r n pr f h

pr n x m n n f h m n f g vrnm n d r n d p k

p r n A r nd

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x n F nn m r h p n d u h m ny n rm r n rn

d nd k n f rgr n d h v n d n ur nd h n rm h rd

r gn A n u r n h h nrm f h d h n y ppr

p r nd g m p un n n rn n p nd d d p y r

d h n rm h m h r hp h r d nd n nu r

n ur y urr ng nd n v b r h r hn y n r u d nd h r

y n n g n F nn m r

n rub v n rm d n x hu h h r r f n u n h wv r

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rm ru nd d h m n f n rn n n u n h r m

f m r C nd r u r n h Un d N n Ch r r h N rh A n

Tr y h Ky Pr r h N r h Am r n F r T rd A gr m n

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pr fr m h g n h d v d h m Nrm n d h r n r ub v

ph nm n r ur hum n n u n b u n d

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r pnd wh ny ff d pr y u y pr fr r h nk h u db h n

n r h n r ub v m n f n rn n n u n h yn d n

p ny v u v r d n n n n m r p pr br um n r y

h d h r v n R h r ru mp y n r nwh h ng r nd hw

h ng r d n f r n n h m mb r hp f h U N ur y C un

h d p u r u n m h n m f h W r d Tr d Org n n WTO nd

h v n gru f h MF nd d h x mp ugg ru m y h w h

h n rm v b f f m ny f h r wh h h y pp yThu ru m y b

mp d by n r n h r wh r n rm my n nd h up n

wh m h ru mp d my f n n f b g n dh r h ugh

h y my mp yf r h r r n

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m y r frm n Ch r L p n h d ngu h db w n mr r

f rm g r mn n h b f h v wh h h gr m n m d

w h n h g vrnm n n d h frm h k Thu ru m y b d

v rb y u h hr ugh n r gr m n r wr n dwn u h n n n r

r y Au F r h r p r r m y mp y b gn d n n

x u v g r m n r b u b f rm r f n by g v b dy O h r

p b y ng ng h p rum n u d mm r nd f und r n d ng

x hng f n nd n mmun u m r y m n rn n g

h r h v u gh m k d n n b w n hrd g n nd

v arou n t rume nt of of t aw C h n k n 1989 Abbo t t and Sn d a2000 Amon g

h r fgur n r gr m n h r x p y nn g y bnd ng u h

h H nk F n A n nb nd ng r v u n ry r u n f rmu d

n d d o pt ed b y n te rn t o n n d re g on o rg n z a t on u ch t ho e u ed b y

h UN Gn r A m b y f rm r h k d n fb r gh nd b

g o n n d co d o f c on du c o r gu d n d op d b y G O T h d g r o f

f rm n d rm n h r ng h f ru p y wh n m d

g y b n d ng

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pr or p rn o fb h vor A n o d b ov om ho r h v d f n d




12/23

JOHNDUFFELD

n u n n rm f pr bu h ppr h h f und f vr w hn h

f d f n rn n r n n d d h n d d n gu h n u n n rm

nd ru fr mb hv r d ng r f gr m n m ng r n nd

n ru v On r n h p rn f bh v r u h r u rr ng mp

m n n b n f pw r my n nf rm r b nf un d by n y

p r u r n rm r ru M r fund mn y h u n f n u n w h

h v r r pr pr u d h u f h frm r xp n h r

n pr p f n u n m n n um w d rng f frm

m w b p ur r u h r w b p ur n r m n dy h r p rh p

m r b h r r d by m mb n n f ru k f rm nd nrm

k n r ub v h r r F r x mp f rm ru m yb mp n

d by r ng n r ub v b f n g m y M r vr h n u r f

p r u r n u n m n n h ng v r m T hu n rm m yb m

f rm d n n p n m ny u r n fr m h w f w r hum n

rgh nd dp m r n wh r f rm r u m ygr du y m r

f r v r m

N v r h h u d b p b ny p r u rn u n m n

g v n mm n w hn w d m n n n g p F gur mp

d h u ng x mp fr m v r y f d m n On f h d mn n n h

h v r d fn d n r m f h r ng h f h nrm k h r r

f ny Th h rd mn n h h r n h r d rm nd by h

d gr f f rm n f h ru k h r r f ny mp r n

r h n h n gy h n rm nd ru k h r r r r hg n

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13/23

Wh A r n rn n n u n

n n h rr h r hn yng ng ng n nuum m m ugg d

f r x mp nm

Fun n D n n

T h nd mp r n d n n p u rd by h d fn n n r n h fun n

h d ff r n n u n m n p rf rm Th fun n n b dv dd n

hr b r d g r h n u v h r gu v nd h pr dur T h

d n n b w n h n u v nd r gu v f un n r dy u m

n ym d A xp n db w u fu d ngu h h rd h p r

dur f un n B f r pr d ng h u db n d h m n rm n d ru

m yb b h n u v n dr gu v h m m F r xmp h ru

rg rd ng h m v mn f h p mu n u y df n wh h p

h ur m r y h d um n b h ng mny n rn n

b d pu wh h b d n nd n n d B u mny nrm n d

u r n b h n u v nd r gu v hu r m n mp r n b b

d ngu h n y y m ng h hr f un n

C n u v F un n Th n u v fun n f n rn n n u n

n n h m fund mn g v n h n u v ru nd nrm r

h v ry p b y f ng gng n n du f r n k nd h ur

W h u h pr r n u n f r f r n n h r n b n n

r gu A hugh m r n wr ng n n u n h n h r n

u v r f r xmp N rh h p h b n d v p dpr mr y

n h w rk f n ru v nd h y r d Eng h h h ry f

n rn n r n Bu n

u fu d ngu h m ng v r m r p f n u v fun n n

h fr p n u n ru n d n rm n r n r nd

d r mn h r vry p b nd h r nd wm n r d n u h

gh nd d h ph n mn n p r hp m bv u n h r m f n

rn n r n n wh hv r u y r r n u n y n u d

n mp r n x n Th m f m r xmp f u h n h v rgn

By n w h b nw b hd h h n ru

fr x mp B r k r nd W b r H A n r n h n r

n n y m h n y bund f r nd r d r gh

d w h g v n g gr ph rr ry h r d rm nd by h b

ru f uh ry h d f n n rn n r n P h p Th n

u n f v r gn yh b m n r ng y frm d v r h y r

bu r n r ng n r ub v b

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n r n n ff r h w v r Anumb r f h r r d w h n rn

n rg n n M mm n m ng h r v n rg vrnm n

b d u h h UN ur y C un nd Gn r A mb y h N r hA

n C u n NAC h C u n f Mn r f h E ur p n Un n E U n d

h M FB rd f Gv rn r w upr n n x u v b d u h

h UN r r h Eur p n Cmm n n d h ff f h W r dB nk

A p b b u u r r r u pr n n ud nd g v

d mp d f d r pp n d nd v du u h h n rn n

C ur f Ju h E ur p n C ur f Ju nd h E ur p n P r m n

Y ung ff r yp g y fr gm r n u n k h d ngu h b w n r gu v p r d

ur pr gr mm nd g nr v r g m D p h m ng m r y h yp gy dff r fr m h n

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n Thu ny pr gr mm r gn r v r g m f r xmp n n pr n p b d mp d n m

mb n n f n u v r gu v nd pr dur m n




14/23

JOHNDUFFELD

n r gv rnm n nd upr n n r r yp y n u d by frm

r gr m n nd n vn n m ng u h h UN Ch r r nd

h N r hA n Tr y r h d n f n r gv rnm n b d u h

h r u n b h n g h UN Hum n Rgh C un

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p r n C n d r f r x m p h U N r ry Gn r h N ATO u pr m

A d C mm nd r h D r r G nr f h W TO h Pr d n f h W r d

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phy x n ru nd nrm n dw h mw h g nf n r nd

rgh

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r n n u n pr R hr h y yp y p h u f b h

n u n d fn dh r nd g n T h UN ur y Cun f r x mp

mu n u y v r nd n r n r f rum n wh h mmb r

n r n n r ru y un r y r m r vr mu h f h v y f u h

v b d m d ng rgu v ru f rm mb r n d uh r n g

g m ng r nd mn ng n k nby h m C ud Wh h r

m r fru fu r grd n n rn n rg n n n n u n r n

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h rb hv r w rd h r r nd d rm n h r n rn p r n

h hr

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p y n d rm n ng h r d n n r g nd pr fr n wh h

rm n n h m n h n ru v r ur n n rm f r xmp

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w g nr y p n dn y h d n fr m h f ny h r n y nd

n n r n pr m n g h w b n g f h r gn n nd m mb r hp

n h r h wv r pr x n g r n b y nd h r d r my

u r nw dn nd pr fr n r u f h rpr n p r p n

r mb dd dn n n n r n n n u n hr ugh pr f pr u n

nd n Jhn n n h rg rd pr u r n n h b n

p d ng pr w hn Eur p nn u n u h h EU nd

N ATO f r x mp Ch k

M r vr n u n m y n u v nd g r f n D r

hu r r T b ur m ny f rm f b h v r

p y h f phy n ur n nd d k p w hu h m d n

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u f b n r vn n r wh h r r ff v n f n rn n w r

g m r ry v y Th y p fy wh un p r u r v y

And n m h ym y d fn v h w ud n h rw v n x

u h h x r f h v n h UN ur y C un L k v r gn y h

n n wh h m y rmu ng g h v b m n r ng yf rm d

v r h y r n d r h V nn C nv n n n h L w fTr nd h

Lawo fCons ua r a nd Dp oma t c mmunte s Butforma z a t o ns no t a p r e -

r qu for h r x n v n hough m y ff h r mp nd nf un

g u v F un n P rh p m f m r h r gu v fun n f n

u n M ny ru nd nrm k r gu h v r yd yb hv r f r

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w d f nd gu d o on or nd rd ng for h on h m mb r o f

n n u n r x p d p rf rm r r fr n f r mp rf rm ng u nd r




15/23

Wh A r n rn n n u n

ppr pr r um n m r y n r u v yp y d rb n rm

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b g ng r b hv n r n w y Ex mp n ud h p rv n f

m r y n wh n k d h p ym n f d du n

n rn n rg n n n d n rv n n pr vn r p gn d Th y

my pr r b pr hb r frb dv r u n H r n m gh h UN

C hr r b r d n un n r fr n fr m h h r r u f fr h b n n

r ur nd r r n n h pp n f u r dd g d R gu v

nrm nd ru m y b p rm v wng r ng g n n h

v rh r m n p n u h f df n h mp n f r ff up

gr d v nd h x p n f r u r n h n n n h f Wh n

f uy p f d u h nrm n dru nd h y p f n h r v n

r nd h r um n und rwh h h y r p r v

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n dry r ux r yr gu v m n n n dd n r h k h d f

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rm n b u r p nd n n rd r f d rm n n

f m p n nd nn mp n M h Ex mp r MF rp r ng

r u rm n n p n pr v n n rm n r g r mn nd urv n

rgh u h h n n d n h Op n k Tr y Th g ry n

ud ru nd n rm r g rd ng h w r h u dr p n d n n f

n n mp n by h r A h u gh u h n fr m n m ur r m wh

r rr n n r d y p n pr mn n x mp u h h C vn n f h

L gu f N n wh hr u r dm mb r v r n m r n w h

n ggr r n d h pr v n n h WTO gr m n h w mmb r

mp r d n n n r n r um n

Pr dur F un n Th p r d ur f un n f n rn n n u n

b r r ng r mb n h r gu v fun n nd mgh w b h u gh

f ub f h r N v r h n u n h r h v m m

k np n d ff rn b w n h w f r xmp Y ung

O r m nd m f d r b d n u n ud h v f u d

n r y n pr dur f r xmp G rr nd T b H wd h y

d ff r R gu v r u nd n rm y p y n r nb h v r h d r y f f

h phy w rd O r m wh r pr dur yp y gv rn

n by r w hr p n n h rw hn h n x f n u n r

w h r p h n u n h m v n pr u r pr dur rr ng

m n f n pr vd m hn m h w p r p ng r rr v

v h r grd ng pr b m h r n h u r v rd by n

n u n Y ung

Obv u y r n d n w y x b w n h w fun n n

p r b u h y r f n y r d F r x mp h UN Ch r r n

n b hr gu v m n u h h g nr p r hb n n h hr nd

u f fr nd pr dur m n n b y h v n gru f h UN Gn

e r A e mb y n d Se cu r ty C ou nc w e m po rt n t c on t t ut v e e em en t

L kw h n u n n rn ng n rn n mp r b h rgu h

r r n h un r n p n r d nd pr vd pr dur f r h

n go on of o w r r d b r r r nd h r o u on of d p u

A h ugh h pr d ur f un n f n u n f n d wh frm

ru p y n h n x f GO n m n x p rf rm d

r mr y r x u v y by n r ub v n r m M r v r v n h

d n mk ng pr dur f GO r n w y frm d Th f

h UN ur y Cun EU n dMF r p d u n n d rb d n




16/23

JOHNDUFFELD

TABLE Typ gy f n r n n n u n

On g F rm

C mb n n f

N r m n d

n r ub v Ru n ud B u

N rm N L m d

n ud C d f d C u m r yF r m R u

Cu m ry n rn n n ud mp d

n r n n L w Lw nd m R gm nd m

p n n u Ng d N g d

F un ct on Re gme Re gme Re gme

C n u v v r gn y u f dp m GO n u n

h d n d f r x mp MF

u y d p m m n Ar f

g V n n A gr m n C AO

C nv n n n C n v n n

Dp m

R n

Rgu v Tr d n w f Cd f d w f w r n r

n u d r g m w r f r x m p r gu r y

n r m nd ru f r x mp Ju G n v g r m n f r

W rd r n C nv n n x mp m

G n r A mb y m GAT T r d

d r n ru p

n vn n O pn

k T r y

Pr du r N r m f Pr dur f r F rm GO

n ud r g m n n u r y ng n pr dur

r dur un n m y n dr f n n d f r x mp

v r gn n r pr n ur y C un

u y n g V nn v ng ru WTO

n v C nv n n n h d pu r u n

Lw f Tr pr dur

h gr m n n wh h h b d r b d n n r h N rh A n

Tr y n n h p r d ur b f w dby h NAC n wh h d n

m kng h n u n y b n gu d dby h n r m f v r gn u y n d

n nu

P n C n rbu n f h N wD fn n

n h ng rgu n h b r h p r u rd f n n up r r h

rn v b u y n h r d m n r h d p nw r u n b r

h r nd mp r r r hA r dng y h f n n d u hr

p n n rbu n f h n wd fn n

C r fy ng h N u r f Pr u r n rn n n u n

n h fr p h d fn n n h p h r m k r r h n ur f h

p r u r n u n h r h u b f n ury nd hu h r n g f ph

nm n wh h h r m n df nd ng u y p py Th n g nd

fun n d n n x pr d n h d f n n pr vd h n y b f r




17/23

Wh A r n rn n n u n

m pr hn v x nmy f n rn n n u n d n d nT b

H r h umn r d fn d n r m f h n g n ur f h n u n

r ng ng fr m h p ur y f rm h p ur y n r ub v r n v v ng m

mb n n f frm nd n r ub v m n T h r w p ur h v r u

un n h n u n n prf rm

C n n w h h b v f pr vd ng mpr h n v df n n f

n rn n n u n h u d b p b u h f h d n

f rm f n rn n n u n w h n h x nmy T b ur h k

mp d by h f h m ny n u n h v mu p m n f n mk ng

d ff u gn h m ng g ry A r u m h r m y b

h p f h r r n u gg d h r Bu u h b n h ud

n n g h v u f mp ng r fy h n ur f p r u r n u n

mn

mpr v ng Ex ng n u n h r h p

Th f ur r g n m p r n vr n n n u n f rm n r u n

f wd r r h n h u nd n u n f n rn n n u n Th

d f n n p rp d h r n h p um n u h f w n d ugg h w h y

m gh b r m d d r v d dn h f r p On p n pr b m h h

df n n m yh p pr v n h f u r p f y h fu r ng f p b u

m w hn r ng n rn n n u n d pnd n v r b A n x mp

n b f und n h R n D gn pr pr n d by B rb r K r mn

Ch r L p n nd Dun n n d wh h k xp n dff rn n

h f rm h n rn n n u n k An mp r n r n n rbu n

h h r r ur n n rn n n u n d p nd n vr b h

pr d fn h m xp rr ng mn n g d m ng n rn n

r h p r r b p r r b nd/ r u hr b hv r K r m n L p n

nd n d By mph ng h r gu v fun n h wv r h d f

n n n g h mp r n n u v h h r f n nv vd n h

r n f n rn n n u n N n ymu r d d wh h r rn

b h frm rg n n b u h y mu h b w n d ff rn y p f

b d n r g vrn mn upr n n nd n n d d r mn w h f un

n u h r y nd p b gr n h b d A r u f n

r d f u h R n D gn pr m y vr k m pr n r d ff n h

d gn f n rn n n u n

A nd p n p f h h d fn n my h pw h h f ur p fy

h fu r ng f r v n n u n u v r b wh n xp rng h f f f

n rn n n u n h r by runn ng h r k f m d vr b b F r

x mp h xp n ry fr m wrk m p yd n h R n D gn pr

v r k h p b y h n rm my b n mp r n d rm n n f n

u n d gn A d g n h m p m n f f n y gr und m y nv r

h b r grd d n ppr pr r g m nd hu m y n b h n n

h b f n rm v n dr n n d d n f h ud x u df r

h pr n pr n r f w r r h w hw p r x ng f n rm w r

f or m d n r y f or m M or ro w 20 01

A m r v r gh m r Jffr yL gr h rw v u b ff r m

p r h r v m p f n rn n n rm n d rg n n u ur E x m

n ng g h nv v ng h u f pr u r m n f wrf r h m

w p n r g b mb ng n d u bm r n w rf r d ur ng W r dW r h

f nd h rg n n u ur pr vd m r n n x p n n f

pr fr n h nd n r n n n rm L gr n y d n h wv r d

ngu h xp y b w n h f rm nd n r ub v p f n rn n

n u n n f m f h n rn n n rm h h n dr u h

h G nv Pr h dmp r n f rm mp nn nd d h m d




18/23

JOHNDUFFELD

d pr n d by Lgr u gg r ng r r r n b w n pr fr n

nd n rn n n u n h n h udy fund f h r r m ur d n

rm f f rm n C n u n y n d f gn r n g ng p rd n fr

h f h h r n u n u nd r n d r n m gh h v b n dv b

m u r n rm r n g h nd ru f r m n p r y D n g w u d h v

m d p b h nf u n f b h n rub v nd f rm n

u n m n w h f rg n n u ur

A hrd p n pr b m h h d fn n my h p v d h f u r

d n fy n dd ff r n m ng d n u p h wy ugg d by Andr w

Cr nd Jm D v p h br k ng u dy f h w y n wh h n r

n n n rm n dru ff b hv r hr ugh h n f d m

p r A ky n d n r n rv n ng v r b n h rm d f n

u n nf u n h d m n f ru r nrm Th ym u r

n n r m f h g m y rd d h ru r nrm n h d m

p n x w v f dm mm mn nd d by d r n

f upp r by uh r v r r f n n r r n n p y

h nd frm n r pr n n d m pr Th y hn

h m d h rugh n xm n n f w h ur ud f U p y

m k ng h U m n du r ndu ry ff r p ru d h R g n

Adm n r n pr J pn mp yw h h r u f h G n r Agr m n

nT r ff n d Tr d G ATT nd ngr n ff r pr ur h

Bu hAdm n r n pur u mu r r gy f w ng r nv n f

Kuw

B u h udy xp y d n d ff rn b w n f rm nd n r ub

jective institutional elements, however, it obscures the possibility that very different

u m h n m m yb w rk n dff rn n r n n n u n n x

vn f h u m r m r n pr u r h ud ugg h d ff rn

y p f n u n nd h m v d ff rn f rm n dd gr f dm

n M r f rm n u n u h h GATT ru r m r k y b

f rm y n rp r d n d m w n dpr dur wh r h m p f

pr mr y n rub v ph nm n u h h n rm f v ur y d

p nd r g y n h x n wh h hy u r g m y n h dm n

x Thu xp r g n n f h n g d n n pr p d h r u d

h p pr du r h r m r dff rn d h r y f n u n ff

A f ur h p n pr b m w h wh h h d fn n pr p d h r u dh p

n rn h f ur n u n h r mp r b p b

wh h ugg d by L n B h v n dL M r n u fu f fr

xp n h ff f n rn n n u n n r m f wh h r hy pr m

nv rg n r dv rg n n b hv r Th h r hyp h n pr

u r h nv rg n m r k y ur wh n r g n h

n n mp n w r u n ub n x rn nd h r v n n u n

p d u m n r ng m hn m T b h h p u b y f h

hyp h h y xp r d hr h xh b v r n n h v f x r

n d v pm n d p r n mng OECD u n r h b

hm n f h n g Eur p nM rk nd n rn n p r n m

r p h r n dp n

Th h r h wv r xh b g nf n d ff rn n h n ur f h

r gu v r u nd norm o f b h v or on wh ch h n u o n w r b d

B h h ng E ur p nM rk nd n rn n p r n n n n v v d

f rm y g r dup n g y bnd ng ru h n h m v nf r m n n

n r h OECD dv p mn d rg m w b d n g % f GNP

nnu y h w n h r g y b nd ng nr nf r b nd d h p r n

r g d d n v n mm nd n r m v n n u g v n h m ny OE CD

m mb r xpr d r rv n nd w h dn p d v nw h r r

v n Lum d n Argu b y h fund m n




19/23

Wh A r n rn n n u n

dff r n n h n u r f h b ru nd nrm u dby h m v un

f rmu h f h v r n n n u n ff h B h v n dM r nf und

C n u n y fu ur r r h n h ub m gh b n f f r m h r fu

n f nv v ng n u n b d n hgh y m r f rgu v

n r m n d r u

G nr ng Nw R r h Qu n

A fur h rp n b nf f h d fn n pr p d h r h n h pg n

r u fu n wr r h u n h m gh h rw b v r k d Th y p

f u n h r k r n r n d by h ump n h u nd r h r

m d Thu r n nd n ru v by mph ng h r u nd nrm

k h r r f n rn n n u n r p v y m y h v unn r y

nd n ppr pr y r r d h m b f n u n r r h n h r h rw

ud b u rv y f h n u n r ur f r x mp M r n nd m mn

pr n pur y r n r r h g nd f r h udy f n

u n ff n wh h mu p rf r n g h w y nwh h rg

n umb r f n rn n n u n m r

A w br d f u n u gg d by h d f n n m w rh

p ur u ng On n r n h d f fr ng u r n h p b w n r gu v

n rm n dru nd pnd n v r b n h n h nd n d n rn n

b hv r nd u m d pnd n vr b n h h rTh r n d r n

f h L gr d b v ugg h f r p mp r n udy

h r v m p f r gu v n r m nd ru und r dff r n r u m n

u hw rk h ud n u rn mu nd nf rm ff r d v p b r m

p r v u n dr n d ng f h d f f r n m h n m h r ug h wh h f r m r u

nd n r ub v n rm p r h p b hv r h v u f wh h ug

g d by h C r nd Dv udy Thr ugh u h p r h r

h ud b n v p b n r n b w n h n r ub v n d f rm

m n f p r u r n u n r h r h n r n g hm mp y rn v

xp n ry v r b Wh d ff r n d m k f r x mp wh h r r n

rng n rm f rm d r h gh yf rm d ru mp n d by r ng

n f b g n

A nd br d nd p n y v u b r f r r h n rn h b

f rm n r ub v r f rm h n rn n n u n k F r n n

m h rw f un n y m r n u n u h h pr hb n n h u

f h m nd nu r w p n h v um dv ry dff r n f rm W hy h

h A r d u n w h n nd h wh b n ur f n u n

h ng m p rm r yf rm r rng m n m y u r r ng n r ub v

mn f b g n v r m wh r h r my n nd y h r my x

p r n f g m y C nv r y h v f rm d m n rn n

n rm r bu n h r And wh r m gh f rm r u p y n h

d v p m n f n rm nd v v r F r x mp h ugh Fnn m r n d

kk nk d n x p y d ff r n b w n h w h y h n

m n mrg n nrm mu b m n u n d n p f f

pr u m by f rm r u n d rg n n b f r w d y d p d A rg ub y

h r p h br k ng n y f h n r m f y w u dh v b n r h r n dm r

ur f h d b n nf rm dby h d f n n pr n d h r

C n u n

Th y bg nw h h pr m h h f rmu n f d u d fn n f

k y n p n h pr f h ry d v p m n Th h r y

r u r on n r n o n n u o n h uff r d from h k of w d y p d

d ef n t o n th t n c u d e t he m o t m p or t n t fo rm T he p ur po e o f t h e y w




20/23

JOHNDUFFELD

r mdy h d f n y by b r n g mpr h n v y d ff r n d d f

n n f n rn n n u n h n rv d f und n f r h

d v pm n f b r und r n dng f h r n ur u nd n u n

n gr h d f n n r w d n n n n g nd n fun n

h n urn rv h b f r x nmy wh nwh h yp f

n rn n n u n n b d

Th d fn n pr m dv n h udy f n rn n n u n n

v r w y A m nmum h ud pr m n ppr n f h f u rng f

p b n u n f rm nd m u n u yh p r fy h x n n d m f

x ng nd fu ur ud f n rn n n u n n dd n h d f n n

h ud h p mpr v w rk n h ub by mk ng h r m r n v

p n v r n n n u n f r m B y nd m py h p ng r mdy r pr

v n h r p n f p m k h ud m u h d v p m n f b h

r hr nd mr mpr h n v h r f n rn n n u n And n

mp r n h d fn n h ud h p p np n y v ub v nu f r r h

b yg n r n g n w u n n d n pr ng fr u fu mp r n T h r

pr gr w n v by ur h r k nr ng y r d ff rn n

u n f rm n n h r A h m m by f ng h dff rn n

f n u n n h r n u n n g nd fun n mp n n h

d f n n m y h p d p n ur und r n d ng f p f n u n yp

R f r n

A BB OT T KE NN ET H W A ND D UN CA N N DA L H r d n d f L w n n r n n G v r n n

n rn n O rg n n

A RE ND A NT HO NY C LA RK L g R u n d n r n n y N w Y r k Ox f rd U nv r y

Pr

A U T AN TH ON Y M d r n Tr y L w n d Pr C m br d g C m br dg U n v r y Pr

BARNETT M CHAEL v r gn y N n m n d Rg n Ord r n h A rb y m

n v r gn y C n ru d d by Th m J B r k r nd Cyn h W b r Cm

b r d g C m b r dg U n v r y P r

B ER T EK ER T HOM A J A ND CYNT HA WE BER E D v r g n y C n r u C m


BO E K LE HE N N NG VO L K ERRTTBERG ERA N DWO LF G AN G WAG NE R Cn ru v F r g n

P y Th r y nG rm nF r gn P y n Un f n Th r nd C ud d d by V kr

R b rg r M nh r M n h r Un v r y Pr

B OT CH EVA L L ANA A ND L A L MART N n u n Eff n B h v r C n v rg n

nd Dv rg n n r n n ud Qu r r y

B ULL H ED LEY T h An r h y A ud y f Or dr n W r d P N w Y rk C u mb

Un v r y P r

BUZAN, BARRY. (2004) From International to World Society? English School Theory and the Social Structure of

G b n C m br d g C m br dg U n v r y P r

C HA YE A BR AM A N D AN TO N A HA ND LE R CH AY E T h N w v r g n y C m p n W h n r

n n R g u r y Ag r m n C m br d g M A H r vr d Un v r y Pr

CHECKEL JEFFREY T ED n r n n n u n nd n n Eur p n rn n

Org n n p u

CH NK N C M Th C h n g f f L w D v p mn nd Ch ng n n rn n L w

n r n n n dC mp r v L w Qu r r y

CLAUDE N L JR C v L g m n P Fun n f h UN n rn n

Org n n

C OR TEL L AND RE WP A ND JAM E W DAV J R H w D n r n n n u n M r T h

D m mp f n rn n Ru nd Nrm n r n n ud Qu r ry

D EN ZAU A RTH UR A ND DOU GLA NOR TH h r d M n M d d g n d n u n

Kyk

DE LER DAV D Wh k n h A gn ru ur D b n rn n O rg n n

F NNEMORE MARTHA N n n r n n r n n y h C rn Un vr y Pr




21/23

Wh A r n rn n n u n

F NNE MO RE M AR TH A b N r m C u ur n dW r d P n g h f r m g y n

u n m n rn n O rg n n

N NE MO RE M AR TH A T h Pu rp f n r v n n C h ng ng B f A b u h U f F r h

C rn U n v r y P r

F NN EM OR E M AR TH A A ND K AT HR YN K K NK n r n n N r m Dy n m n d P

C hng n r n n Org n n

F NN EM OR E MA RT HA A ND K AT HR YN K K NK T k n g k T h C n r u v R r h P r gr m

n n rn n R n n d C mp r v P Annu R v w f P n

G AR RE TT G E OF FR EY A N D GE OR GE T E B EL A n n u n C r u f n r g v r nm n

m n rn n O rg n n

G OE RT Z GA RY A ND P AU L F D EH L T w r d T h r y f n r n n N r m m C n p

u nd M ur mn u J urn f Cnf R u n

H AA P ET ER M R O BE RT O K EO HA NE A ND M AR C A LE VY n u n f r h E r h u r f

Eff v n r n n E nv r nm n Pr n C mb rd g M A MT Pr

HALL RODNEY BRUCE N n C v d n y C n ru nd n rn n y m N w

Y r k C u mb U nv r y Pr

E CH TE R M CH AE L AN D KA RL D ET ER OP P ED N r m N w Y r k Ru g

F un d n

HOL T K J T mng h v r gn n u n Ch ng n n r n n P C mbr dg

C m b r dg U n v r y P r

JE P PE RO N RO NA LDL A LE XAN DERWE NDTA N DP ETE RJ KA TZ E N TE N N rm d n y nd

Cu ur n N n ur y n T h Cu ur f N n ur y N rm n d d n y n W r dP

d d by P r J K n n N w Y rk C u mb U n v r y P r

JOHN TON ALA TA R AN Tr ng n rn n n u n Env rnm n n r

n n ud Qu r ry

KATZEN TE N PETER J n r du n A rn v P r p v n N n ur y n T h

Cu ur f N n ur y N rm n d dn y n W rd P d d by P r J K n n N w

Y r k C u mb U n v r y P r

KE OH ANE R OB ER TO Af r H g m ny C p r n n d D r d n h W r d P E n m y

Pr n n P rn n Un v r y P r

KEOHANE ROBERT n r n n n u n T w Appr h n r n n ud Qu r r y

KEOHANE ROBERT N b r n u n m AP rp v n W r dP n n r

n n n u n n d P wr E y n n rn n R n Th ry d d by R br O

K h n B u dr W v w Pr

K EOH ANE R OB ER TO M u r m A nAg nd f r R r h n r n n J ur n

KE OH ANE R OB ER T T h An y f n r n n R g m T w rd E ur p n A m r n

R r h Pr gr m n R gm T h ry n d n rn n R n d d b yV k r R b r gr N w

Y r k O xf r d U n v r y P r

KLOTZ AUD E N rm n n r n n R n T h rugg A g n A p rh d h C rn

U n v r y Pr

K OR EM EN O B A RB AR A C HA RL E L P O N A ND D UN CA N N D AL T h R n D g n f n r

n n n u n n r n n Org n n

KRA NER T EPHEN D v r gn y An n u n P rp v C mp r v P ud

K RA NE R T EP HEN D v r g n y Or gn d Hyp r y P rn n P rn n Un v r y P r

K RAT OC HW L FR ED ER CH V R u N rm n dD n O n h C n d n f Pr n dL g

R n ng n n r n n R n n dD m Aff r C mbr dg C m br dg U n v r y Pr

K RA TO CH WL F R ED R CH V A N D JO HN GE RA RD R UG GE n r n n O rg n n A f

h Ar f h Ar f h n rn n Org n n

LEGRO JEFFREY W Wh h N rm M r R v ng h F u r f n r n n m

n rn n O rg n n

L PON CHARLE Why Ar m n rn n A gr m n nf rm n r n n O rg n

n

LU MD ANE D AV D HAL LO RAN M r V n n n r n n P T h F r gn A dR g m


MART N L AL C r v C p r n Exp n ng Mu r E n m n n Pr n n

r n n Un v r y P r

MART N L AL Cr db y C nd n u n C p r n n E nm n n W rd

P




22/23

JOHNDUFFELD

MART N L A L AND BETH MMON Th r nd Emp r ud f n r n n

n u n n r n n Org n n

MART N L A L AND BETH M MON E D n r n n n u n A n n r n n O rg n n

R d r C m br d g M A M T P r

MEAR HE MER JOHN J Th F Pr m f n rn n n u n n rn n

ur y

M TC HE LL R ON ALD B ur f Tr n p r n y n fr m n y m n n r n n

R gm n rn n ud Qu r ry

MO RR W LL AM E D Th A m r n H r g D n ry f h E ng h L n gu g B n H u gh

nMf f n

M ORROW JAME D Th n u n F u r f Pr n r f W rTr n r n n

Org n n

NORTH D OUGLA C n u n n u n C h ng nd E n m P r frm n C mbr dg

C m b r dg U n v r y P r

O NU F N CH OL A GR EE NW OO D W r d f O ur M k ng R u n d Ru n T h r y n d

n rn n R n C u mb Un vr y f u hC r n P r

O TRO M EL NO R An Ag nd f r h u dy f n u n P ub C h

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