TAIWO OLUGBILETAIWO OLUGBILEBIOLOGY 120-SECTION BIOLOGY 120-SECTION

WW2WW2PRESENTATION PRESENTATION

CHAPTER 2CHAPTER 2

LUNGSLUNGS

What are LungsWhat are Lungs?? The lungs are a vital organ in our body, located The lungs are a vital organ in our body, located

in our chests. These pairs of cone-shaped in our chests. These pairs of cone-shaped breathing organs bring oxygen into our body and breathing organs bring oxygen into our body and releases carbon dioxide. It is very important to releases carbon dioxide. It is very important to make sure that they are functioning accurately make sure that they are functioning accurately because our life depends on it. Each lung is because our life depends on it. Each lung is made up of lobes. made up of lobes.

The left lung has 2 lobes and the right lung has The left lung has 2 lobes and the right lung has 3. A hin membrane called pleura surrounds the 3. A hin membrane called pleura surrounds the lungs. Lungs are protected by rib-cage. Beneath lungs. Lungs are protected by rib-cage. Beneath the lungs is a dome-shaped muscle called the lungs is a dome-shaped muscle called diaphragm, that works with lungs allowing us to diaphragm, that works with lungs allowing us to inhale (breath the air in) and to ex-hale (breath inhale (breath the air in) and to ex-hale (breath the air out). the air out).

What do your Lungs do?What do your Lungs do?

Your lungs do a vital job. Each day, you Your lungs do a vital job. Each day, you take about 23,000 breaths, which bring take about 23,000 breaths, which bring almost 10,000 quarts of air into your lungs. almost 10,000 quarts of air into your lungs. The air that you breath in contains several The air that you breath in contains several gases, including oxygen, that your cells gases, including oxygen, that your cells need to function. With each breath, your need to function. With each breath, your lungs add fresh oxygen to your blood, lungs add fresh oxygen to your blood, which then carries it to your cells. The which then carries it to your cells. The main function of your lungs is respiration.main function of your lungs is respiration.

The Mechanics of BreathingThe Mechanics of Breathing

What is Respiration?What is Respiration? Respiration is the process of oxygen from Respiration is the process of oxygen from

incoming air entering the blood, and carbon incoming air entering the blood, and carbon dioxide, a waste gas from the metabolism of food dioxide, a waste gas from the metabolism of food leaving the bloodPrimary function is to obtain leaving the bloodPrimary function is to obtain oxygen for use by body's cells & eliminate carbon oxygen for use by body's cells & eliminate carbon dioxide that cells producedioxide that cells produce

Includes respiratory airways leading into (& out Includes respiratory airways leading into (& out

of) lungs plus the lungs themselves of) lungs plus the lungs themselves

Pathway of air: nasal cavities (or oral cavity) > Pathway of air: nasal cavities (or oral cavity) > pharynx > trachea > primary bronchi (right & pharynx > trachea > primary bronchi (right & left) > secondary bronchi > tertiary bronchi > left) > secondary bronchi > tertiary bronchi > bronchioles > alveoli (site of gas exchange) bronchioles > alveoli (site of gas exchange)

The flow of air from the nose to the The flow of air from the nose to the lungslungs

The noseThe nose is a PASSAGEWAY FOR AIR and is also a sensory organ. It warms and moistens air, and is a PASSAGEWAY FOR AIR and is also a sensory organ. It warms and moistens air, and hair like processes (cilia) filter the air before it reaches the lungs. hair like processes (cilia) filter the air before it reaches the lungs.

The pharynxThe pharynx or "throat" is a funnel shaped tube acting as a passage way for air and food. The or "throat" is a funnel shaped tube acting as a passage way for air and food. The lowest portion of the pharynx joins the esophagus (food tube). lowest portion of the pharynx joins the esophagus (food tube).

The larynxThe larynx or "voice box" is lined with mucous membrane, two folds of membrane divide the larynx or "voice box" is lined with mucous membrane, two folds of membrane divide the larynx in two, between these is the GLOTTIS which is the narrowest part of the air passage. The glottis is in two, between these is the GLOTTIS which is the narrowest part of the air passage. The glottis is protected by a lid of fibro cartilage (the EPIGLOTTIS), this closes over the glottis when you swallow. protected by a lid of fibro cartilage (the EPIGLOTTIS), this closes over the glottis when you swallow.

The tracheaThe trachea or "windpipe" is a tube composed of cartilage and lined with mucus membrane lying in or "windpipe" is a tube composed of cartilage and lined with mucus membrane lying in front of the esophagus. The trachea diverges into the right and left bronchi. front of the esophagus. The trachea diverges into the right and left bronchi.

The bronchiThe bronchi are "C" shaped rings of cartilage lined with ciliated mucus membrane that 'sweeps' out are "C" shaped rings of cartilage lined with ciliated mucus membrane that 'sweeps' out dust particles. The bronchi branch into SECONDARY BRONCHI as they enter the lungs, these dust particles. The bronchi branch into SECONDARY BRONCHI as they enter the lungs, these further divide into BRONCHIOLES. As the secondary bronchi and bronchioles divide the walls further divide into BRONCHIOLES. As the secondary bronchi and bronchioles divide the walls become thinner and more elastic, branching into minute ALVEOLI which transfer gases in the lungs. become thinner and more elastic, branching into minute ALVEOLI which transfer gases in the lungs.

The lungsThe lungs are the main organ of respiration. In the lungs millions of ALVEOLI and blood Capillaries are the main organ of respiration. In the lungs millions of ALVEOLI and blood Capillaries exchange Oxygen and carbon dioxide. Each lung is housed in a separate PLEURAL CAVITY (which in exchange Oxygen and carbon dioxide. Each lung is housed in a separate PLEURAL CAVITY (which in turn are located in the larger THORACIC CAVITY). PLEURA are SACS of membrane that line the turn are located in the larger THORACIC CAVITY). PLEURA are SACS of membrane that line the pleural cavity to lessen friction caused by breathing. pleural cavity to lessen friction caused by breathing.

The diaphragmThe diaphragm is the main muscle of respiration located at the base of the thoracic cavity. The is the main muscle of respiration located at the base of the thoracic cavity. The muscle contracts and flattens so that the thorax and lungs have room for incoming air causing you to muscle contracts and flattens so that the thorax and lungs have room for incoming air causing you to INHALE, it then relaxes causing you to EXHALE. INHALE, it then relaxes causing you to EXHALE.

Diseases that affect the LungsDiseases that affect the Lungs

Mesothelioma and Mesothelioma and asbestosisasbestosis are diseases that affect the are diseases that affect the lungs. They are caused inhalation of asbestos. lungs. They are caused inhalation of asbestos.

Common infectious diseases of the lung include Common infectious diseases of the lung include pneumoniapneumonia, , tuberculosistuberculosis, , lung cancerlung cancer, cystic fibrosis, and , cystic fibrosis, and emphysema.emphysema.

A pulmonary embolism is a sudden blockage in a lung A pulmonary embolism is a sudden blockage in a lung artery.artery.

Chronic Beryllium Disease is a serious and sometimes Chronic Beryllium Disease is a serious and sometimes fatal lung disease.fatal lung disease.

Silicosis is very serious and sometime fatal lung disease.Silicosis is very serious and sometime fatal lung disease.

Black Lung Disease is a disease that often affects coal Black Lung Disease is a disease that often affects coal miners.miners.

Medical Terminology related to lungsMedical Terminology related to lungs

Roots, Suffixes, and PrefixesRoots, Suffixes, and Prefixes

component meaning example

A- lack of anosmia = lack of the sense of smell.

PNEA- breath dyspnea = difficult or painful breathing.

BRONCH- bronchi Bronchoscope = instrument to examine the

bronchi.

LARYNG- larynx laryngitis = inflammation of the larynx.

PULMO- lung pulmonary metastases = lung secondaries.

PNEUM- lung / Air pneumonia = severe infection of the lungs.

Rhino- nose rhinoplasty = cosmetic surgery, a 'nose job'.

LUNGS REFERENCESLUNGS REFERENCES

Medical Terminology: A Living Language 4Medical Terminology: A Living Language 4thth Edition. Edition. Fremgen & Frucht. Pearson Education. Inc.Fremgen & Frucht. Pearson Education. Inc.

http://www.mamashealth.com/organs/lungs.asphttp://www.mamashealth.com/organs/lungs.asp

www.wikipedia.comwww.wikipedia.com

http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/health-and-human-http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/health-and-human-body/human-body/lungs-article.htmlbody/human-body/lungs-article.html

http://www.medicinenet.com/lungs/focus.hhttp://www.medicinenet.com/lungs/focus.h

http://www.cancerindex.org/medterm/medtm11.htm#termhttp://www.cancerindex.org/medterm/medtm11.htm#term