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TABLES OF
SPECTRAL LINES
TABLES OF
SPECTRAL LINES
A. N. Zaidel', V. K. Prokof'ev, S.M. Raiskii, V. A. Slavnyi, and E.
Ya. Shreider
Translated from Russian
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC 1970
The Russian work underlying this translation is the third, revised
edition, published by Nauka Press in Moscow in 1969. The
translation is published under an agreement with Mezhdunarodnaya
Kniga, the Soviet book export
agency.
LUpeuoep l?Aena JlT<osAesna
ISBN 978-1-4757-1603-0 ISBN 978-1-4757-1601-6 (eBook) DOI
10.1007/978-1-4757-1601-6
© 1970 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Plenum Publishing Corporation New York in
1970
All rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without
written permission from the publisher
CONTENTS
PART ONE. Tables of Spectral Lines in•Order of Decreasing
Wavelength............... 35
PART Two. Tables of Spectral Lines by Elements
........................................ 351
Ac (actinium). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 Ag
(silver). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 AI
(aluminum). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 Am
(americium) ..................... 360 Ar (argon) ........ · . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 As (arsenic) . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 At (astatine). . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 Au (gold) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 B (boron) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 4 Ba (barium)
......................... 375 Be (beryllium). . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 378 Bi (bismuth) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 379 Bk (berkelium) ...................... 382
Br (bromine). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 C
(carbon) .......................... 387 Ca (calcium)
........................ 389 Cd (cadmium). . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 392 Ce (cerium) ......................... 394
Cf (californium) ...................... 400 Cl (chlorine)
........................ 400 Cm (curium). . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 405 Co (cobalt). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 406 Cr (chromium). . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 418 Cs (cesium). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 431 Cu (copper) ......................... 433 Dy
(dysprosium) ..................... 439 Er (erbium). . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441 Es (einsteinium)
...................... 444 Eu (europium) .......................
445 F (fluorine). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
448 Fe (iron). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 451 Ga (gallium). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
489 Gd (gadolinium). • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490 Ge
(germanium) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495 H
(hydrogen). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498 He
(helium). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
Hf (hafnium). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501 Hg
(mercury) ........................ 506 Ho (holmium). . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508 In (indium).. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510 Ir (iridium)
.......................... 512 J (iodine). . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514 K (potassium)
....................... 518 Kr (krypton) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 520 La (lanthanum) ...................... 528
Li (lithium).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532
Lu (lutetium). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533 Mg
(magnesium). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534 Mn
(manganese) ..................... 537 Mo (molybdenum). . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 544 N (nitrogen). . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 549 Na (sodium) ......................... 556
Nb (niobium). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558 Nd
(neodymium) ..................... 564 ~~~n)
........................... ~7 Ni (nickel) . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 4 Np (neptunium)
...................... 580 0 (oxygen). . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 581 Os (osmium) ......................... 587
P (phosphorus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591 Pa
(protactinium) .................... 594 Pb (lead). . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597 Pd (palladium). . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599 Pm (promethium)
.................... 602 Po (polonium). . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 607 Pr (praseodymium) ................... 608 Pt
(platinum). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613 Pu
(plutonium). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615 Ra
(radium). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622 Rb
(rubidium). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 Re
(rhenium) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625 Rh
(rhodium). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629
CONTENTS 6
Rn (radon). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633
Ru (ruthenium) ...................... 636 S (sulfur) . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644 Sb (antimony). . . . .
. . . . . 646 Sc (scandium). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
649 Se (selenium). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
651 Si (silicon). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
654 Sm (samarium) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659
Sn (tin). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665 Sr
(strontium). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667 Ta
(tantalum) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668 Tb (terbium). .
. . . . . . . . 675 Tc (technetium). . . . . . . . 678
Te (tellurium). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684 Th
(thorium). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686 Ti
(titanium). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695 Tl
(thallium). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702 Tu
(thulium). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703 U
(uranium). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706 V
(vanadium) ........................ 716 W (tungsten) . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725 Xe (xenon). . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 734 Y (yttrium) ......................... 740
Yb (ytterbium) ...................... 742 Zn (zinc)
............................ 746 Zr (zirconium)
....................... 748
PART THREE. Auxiliary Tables
............................................................
753
1. Sensitive Lines (by Element)
.................................................... 753 2.
Sensitive Lines (by Wavelength)
................................................. 761 3. Lines of
Hydrogen Isotopes (Balmer Series)
....................................... 767 4. Wavelength Standards
.......................................................... 767 5.
Provisional Wavelength Standards in Vacuum Region
.............................. 770 6. Absolute Values of Oscillator
Strengths for Some Lines of Selected Elements. . . . . . . . . . .
772 7. Correction llX for Conversion from Wavelength in Air (Xair)
to Wavelength in Vacuum
(Xvac)
.........................................................................
778 8. Inverse Linear Dispersion of Prismatic Spectrographs
............................... 778 9. Order of Appearance of Lines
in Carbon Arc When Sample Is Vaporized from Carbon
Anode Channel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 779 10. Ionization Energies of Atoms and Ions (in Electron
Volts) .......................... 780 11. Melting and Boiling
Points of Elements and Their Oxides ...........................
781
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION
The broad development of spectroscopy in our country and, in
particular, the extensive industrial applications of methods of
spectral analysis make the need for basic reference literature a
pressing one.
Tables of spectral lines, as basic, primary material necessary for
the identifica tion of spectra, are the most important of these
reference books.
The need for such tables is acutely felt by all who work in
spectroscopy, and numerous requests for such a book have been
received by the Commission on Spectroscopy of the Academy of
Sciences of the USSR.
On the world book market there are fairly complete tables that
cover a very great number of spectral lines and that have been
complied rather carefully, although they are not free of errors.
Tables of this kind are undoubtedly necessary in general
spectroscopic research and must be included among the reference
books of large scientific institutions. But the number of workers
who need such complete tables is comparatively limited. Therefore,
after long discussion it was deemed impractical to republish these
tables.
Bearing in mind, first of all, the interests of a vast circle of
practicing spectros copists, the Commission on Spectroscopy
considered it advisable to compile a new book that would contain
fairly complete lists of the spectral lines of the more important
elements but would not be overloaded with an abundance of weak
lines, especially those associated with relatively unabundant
elements, for an extremely large amount of data makes it difficult
to use tables. The judicious selection of the most important lines
was the first essential task of the compilers, who were guided by
the vast practical experience that has been accumulated in our
country. Their choice was based on the importance of particular
elements that form the basis of industrial materials or represent
impurities whose presence or absence is of technological
significance. These data make up the first part of the book, where
the spectral lines are arranged in order of decreasing wavelength.
Harrison's tables,* which were the most complete, served as the
starting material for this part of the book.
This part is basic tabular material containing the wavelengths of
approxi mately 40,000 lines (of Harrison's 109,000). It must be
consulted especially often in identifying spectra, performing
quantative spectral analysis, and in developing methods of
quantitative analysis.
Moreover, the book contains a number of other tables that represent
a different classification of spectral lines or include additional
data. Thus, in the second part
*G. R. Harrison, Wavelength Tables, M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Mass.
(1939).
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION 8
the spectral lines are arranged by element. These data are
particularly important in analyzing materials for purity, and also
in other theoretical and practical problems. It is often essential
to know the nature of excitation of a particular line. Therefore,
this part of the book indicates whether a line pertains to the
spectrum of an atom or ion, and it also gives the excitation
potentials of a great number of lines. These data greatly increase
the value of the tables and make it unnecessary for the reader to
resort to the insufficiently systematized and difficult-to-obtain
original literature. The selection of the material for this part of
the book also required careful consideration and was based on the
vast experience of the compilers.
The third part gives important reference material of an auxiliary
nature: tables of the principal physical constants of the elements
and their important compounds (molecular weight, melting and
boiling points, volatility tables, etc.); tables of recent lines of
the elements; tables of ionization potentials; data on the
dispersion of domestic spectral apparatus; etc.
Thus, this book gives, in convenient form, fairly completely all of
the reference material required for the everyday work of the
spectroscopist.
It was considered inadvisable to include photographic reproductions
of the more important spectra, as was done in the tables edited by
S. L. Mandel'shtam and S. M. Raiskii, which were published in 1938.
The need for good graphical material is, of course, very great, but
at present it cannot be met by such photo graphic reproductions.
What are required are atlases that have independent value and
correspond to the original Soviet apparatus with which our
laboratories are equipped. One atlas of this type (A. K. Rusanov)
is already on sale; others are being prepared for publication (S.
K. Kalinin, A. A. Yavnel', et al.). They are fully adequate texts,
which, along with the prenset tables of spectral lines, will afford
our spectroscopists normal working conditions.
Academician G. S. Landsberg
FROM THE PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
The second edition incorporates very valuable comments from a
number of spectroscopists, to whom the authors are deeply
indebted.
Information on the spectra of elements studied in recent years has
been included. The list of lines belonging to the spectra of
individual elements has been expanded, and a great number of lines
in the vacuum ultraviolet and lines of multiply charged ions have
been included. The table of spectral lines of molecular hydrogen
has been omitted, but tables of wavelength standards and of spectra
of hydrogen isotopes have been added. The data on linear dispersion
are represented as a graph, which allows the basic types of
prismatic instruments to be evaluated. Finally, references have
been added to the tables.
Part One was compiled by S. M. Raiskii, Part Two by A. N. Zaidel'
and E. Ya. Shreider, and Part Three and the excitation potentials
for a great number of the elements in Part Two were compiled by V.
K. Prokof'ev.
I. I. Komissarova, E. A. Ptitsyna, R. P. Rebezova, V. A. Slavnyi,
and L. V. Sokolova rendered a great deal of assistance in checking
the wavelengths and calculating the excitation potentials. We also
thank G. Gorodnigus for making available his excitation-potential
calculations.
The Authors
PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION
The book has been substantially revised for the third edition. The
data in Part One have been supplemented and made more accurate.
Part Two has been completely redone, and Part Three has been
enlarged and partially replaced with new material. The nature and
arrangement of the material remain the same, however.
The basic information on atomic spectra necessary for the
overwhelming majority of work in applied spectroscopy is covered,
as is certain other information of interest primarily to analytic
spectroscopists.
All of the data on wavelengths and excitation potentials have been
rechecked and recalculated according to modern publications. The
references have been enlarged and annotated. Part One was compiled
by S. M. Raiskii and V. A. Slavnyi, Part Two by A. N. Zaidel' and
E. Ya. Shreider, and Part Three by V. K. Prokof'ev.
We sincerely thank all of the spectroscopists who sent their
comments, and we shall appreciate comments on this edition.
The Authors February 1968
INTRODUCTION
This book has three parts. Part One contains the spectral lines of
60 elements in order of decreasing wavelength. Part Two gives the
spectral lines of 98 elements individually for each element. Part
Three provides auxiliary reference material. The most difficult
problem in compiling the tables in which selected data are given
was the selection itself. The lines have been reselected in
accordance with new information and the increasing requirements of
practicing spectroscopists. The total number of lines has been
increased and is approximately 52,000 in Part One and about 38,000
in Part Two. Parts One and Three cover the region from 8000 to 2000
A, i.e., the region that is usually used in quantitative and
qualitative spectral analysis.
In Part One, the lines of 32 elements that are necessary for
analysis of the most important metals and alloys are given very
completely. These elements are aluminum, antimony, arsenic,
bismuth, cadmium, calcium, carbon, cerium, chromium, cobalt,
copper, gold, indium, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum,
nickel, niobium, phosphorous, platinum, silicon, sodium, sulfur,
silver, tin, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zinc, and
zirconium.
The spectral lines of air (oxygen and nitrogen) excited in the
light sources that are usually employed in spectral analysis are
also given rather completely, as are the lines of mercury, which is
used everywhere in the laboratory, and the spectra of elements that
have few lines: boron, lithium, beryllium, and hydrogen.
The spectra of 21 elements whose content in ordinary industrial
materials is small are given with considerable abridgments, due to
low line intensity. These elements are barium, cesium, gallium,
germanium, hafnium, iodine, iridium, osmium, palladium, potassium,
rhenium, rhodium, rubidium, ruthenium, scandium, selenium,
strontium, tantalum, tellurium, thallium, and yttrium.
In order not to overload the tables with lines of elements that are
rarely encountered in spectral analysis of metals and alloys, we
omitted entirely from Part One the lines of the inert gases, the
radioactive elements, halogens (except iodine), lanthanides (except
cerium), and actinides.
Part One also gives the wavelengths of the edges of the intense
molecular bands that are usually present in the spectra (designated
by the letter K in front of the symbol of the element).
Analysis of the totality of the data in the literature has shown
that measure ment accuracy does not allow wavelengths to be given
to 0.001 A, as was done in part in the earlier editions of this
book. The discrepancies between the data of different authors
sometimes exceed 0.1 A, and discrepancies of 0.02-0.03 A are
common. Therefore, the wavelengths of all lines, with the exception
of the standards, are given to 0.01 A, and the last significant
figure cannot be considered reliable. The tables show the data that
seemed to us most accurate, but their
INTRODUCTION 12
selection contains an element of arbitrariness, since it was
impossible to compare the experimental conditions under which
measurements were made.
Where it was possible, it is noted whether a line pertains to a
neutral atom or an ion (by use of the symbols I, II, III, etc.,
after the element symbol or before the wavelength). When data on
the classification of the spectrum are absent, the lines attributed
to an atom or an ion of one or another multiplicity are not
reliable. In Part One, such designations are given in parentheses.
In Part Two, this un certainty is indicated by the absence of
information on the excitation energy.
Line intensities in Part One are given for three light sources:
arc, spark, and discharge tube (in the latter case, the numbers are
in parentheses).
The data on intensity should be used with great care and considered
provi sional, since the relative intensity of the spectra of atoms
and ions varies greatly according to the parameters of the power
supply of the light source.
Moreover, intensity measurements are often made incorrectly-without
proper quantitative calibration of the instrument and receiver. As
a result, the measure ments made by various authors can differ by
a factor of 100 or more. In particular, the very elaborate
measurements of Meggers, Corliss, and Scribner, who studied the
intensities of a great many lines of 70 elements (11}, were, as a
Corliss later showed, invalid for all lines shorter than 2450 A. In
this case, the factor for converting from the old measurements to
the new reached 300. The corresponding recalculations were made
where we used the data of I 11} in Part Two. There are bases for
assuming that the data of Meggers et al. on the intensity of lines
in the infrared are also understated.
It should be borne in mind that the intensity estimates for an arc
are for a constant current of ,...._,10 A.
The intensity scale proposed by Harrison I 1} is used in Parts One
and Three. A proportional scale in which the most intense line of a
given element has 1000 relative intensity units (individual,
especially intense lines have up to 9000 units) is used to estimate
the line intensity of each element. Thus, these intensity estimates
can serve only for comparison of the lines of one and the same
element. Great care, however, should be exercised in comparing
lines located in widely separated regions of the spectrum.
With all of the shortcomings of the Harrison scale, the principal
one being the subjective nature of the intensity estimates, it has
the indubitable virtue that all of the data in I 1} were obtained
by a single method in the same laboratory.
Part Two of the tables contains the wavelengths of the lines of all
elements whose spectra have been studied grouped by element. The
lines are arranged in order of decreasing wavelength, and the
elements are in alphabetical order by their chemical
symbols.*
The line wavelengths of 98 elements-from hydrogen (1) to
einsteinium (99)-are given. There are no data in the literature on
the spectra of francium (87) or any element whose atomic number is
greater than 99.
Unlike Part One, we included in Part Two information on lines in
the vacuum ultraviolet and infrared regions, and also the
excitation potentials of the lines.
All wavelengths of less than 2000 A are adjusted to a vacuum. The
excitation energies are read from the normal states of the atoms
and ions
and are given in electron volts. The lines of Th III and U II, for
which the reference point is not always known,
are exceptions. All excitation energies were obtained from the
spectroscopic values of the
levels (1 eV-8067.1 cm-1).
• Note that J rather than I has been used for iodine.
13 INTRODUCTION
When two or more excitation energies are given for a single line,
it is because of accidental coincidence of the wavelengths of lines
that correspond to transitions between levels with different
upper-level energies. If lines that belong to ions with different
multiplicities coincide, the excitation potential of the line of
the ion with the lower degree of ionization is given first.
Most of the data on excitation energy are taken from original
works. When these data are absent in original articles, however,
the excitation energies are taken from the tables of Moore { 3, 4}
and Meggers et al. { 11}.
It was considered inadvisable to retain the Harrison intensity
scale in Part Two. For a number of lines, the intensity data were
taken from the tables of Meggers et al. { 11}. The intensity scale
in these tables is constructed as follows. The spectra of the 70
elements studied were excited in an arc between copper or silver
elec trodes. The element under study was contained in the
electrode material as an impurity in atomic concentrations of 0.1,
0.01, 0.001, 0.0001, ... %. The lines that appeared in the spectrum
only at a 0.1% concentration were assigned an intensity of 1; the
lines that appeared at a 0.01% concentration were assigned an
intensity of 10; etc. Thus, this scale is well-adapted to the
requirements of spectral analysis of metals and alloys.
The tables of Meggers, Corliss, and Scribner, however, do not
contain a great number of lines. We attempted to extend their scale
to lines taken from other sources, so that the intensities of the
greatest possible number of lines of each element could be given in
the same units. With this in mind, we selected in the spectrum of
an element several lines for the intensities of which there were
data by Meggers et al. and in other places. A factor for conversion
from one scale to another was calculated from the set of these
intensity values.
It should be noted that the conversion factors calculated from
different lines of the same element sometimes differ by a factor of
more than 100. In these cases, the scales are incomparable for all
practical purposes, and we were forced to abandon conversion of the
other data to the Meggers scale.
In all other cases, the intensity values are given in the scale
used in the original work. The light source used is also indicated.
It should be borne in mind that the data for the different sources
have little relationship to one another and only the intensities of
lines for the same source can be compared.
Note, also, that although the intensity of the lines of Fe I and Fe
II is given according to Harrison's tables, the intensity of the
lines of Fe II shorter than 2250 A is given according to Moore's
tables !3}.
A dash in an intensity scale, as a rule, indicates the absence of
quantitative intensity estimates, although the line is intense
enough to be included in the table.
The following principle underlies the selection of the lines in
Part Two: the spectra of hydrogen, helium, aluminum, and other
elements with few lines are represented as completely as possible,
while the other elements are represented by their intense lines.
The lack of reliably comparable data on the intensity of lines that
belong not only to the spectra of different elements but also to
the spectrum of the same element makes such a selection
nonunique.
In selecting the material for Part Two, we attempted to represent
more thoroughly the elements that are of industrial importance, but
of course, our personal tastes and interests probably played a
certain role, and we cannot claim that the selection of lines is
the best possible.
The following reference data for spectral analysis are included in
Part Three. 1. A table of sensitive lines arranged in the
alphabetical order of the elements. 2. A table of sensitive lines
arranged according to wavelength. 3. A table of line wavelengths
for the isotopes of hydrogen. 4. A table of wavelength
standards.
INTRODUCTION 14
5. A table of provisional wavelength standards for the vacuum
region of the spectrum.
6. A table of oscillator strengths. 7. Corrections for conversion
from wavelength in air to wavelength in a
vacuum. 8. A graph of the linear dispersion of spectrographs.
Approximate values
of the linear dispersion of the main types of prismatic instruments
are given. 9. A table of the order of appearance of the lines of
the elements in a carbon
arc. 10. A table of the ionization potentials of atoms of the
elements and their ions. 11. A table of melting and boiling points
of the elements and their oxides. 12. A periodic table. The data
published in the works listed below were taken into account in
the
preparation of the third edition.
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
The following symbols are used in the References. 1. The letters
'KJI" indicate that data on the classification of the spectrum or
on the level
energy are given. 2. The words "wavelength standards" mean that
lines that are assumed to be or are used
as wavelength standards are given.
Tables and Reference Publications
{1} G. R. Harrison, M. I. T. Wavelength Tables of 100 000 Spectrum
Lines, New York, 1939.
{2} A. Gat t ere r, J. Junk e s, Atlas der Restlinien, Italia.
Specola Vaticana. Bd. I. Atlas der Restlinien von 30 chemischen
Elementen. 1937. Bd. II. Spektren der seltenen Erden, 1945.
{3} C. E. M o o r e, An Ultraviolet Multiplet Table. Circular of
the National Bureau of Standards 488, Section I, Washington, 1950,
Section II, 1952. Section III, 1964.
{4} C. E. Moore, A Multiplet Table of Astrophysical Interest
Princeton. Part I, Part II, 1945. {5} W. R. Brode, Chemical
Spectroscopy, 2d ed., New York-London, 1943. {6} Handbook of
Chemistry and Physics. Chemical Rubber Publishing Co. Cleveland,
Ohio, 38th
ed., 1956. {7} L a n d o I t B o r n s t e i n, Zahlenwerte und
Funktionen aus Physik, Chemie, Astronomic,
Geophysik und Technik. VI. Auflage, I. Band, I. Teil, Berlin, 1950.
{8} C. E. Moore, Atomic energy levels., vol. I, 1949; vol. II,
1952; vol. III, 1958, Washington. {9} A. F ow I e r, Report on
Series in Line Spectra. London, 1922.
{10} R. N. K niseI e y, V. A. Fa sse I, C. F. Lentz, Spectrochim.
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16
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17 BIBLIOGRAPHY
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19 BIBLIOGRAPHY
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 20
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