Struggle for Rights and Freedom

Revolt of Lakandula and Sulayman (1574)

0Cause: Lavezaris’ Reversal of Legazpi’s Policy

0August 20, 1572 – death of Legazpi0Governor Guido de Lavezaris – ordered the

confiscation of their patrimonial land - didn’t exempt the native rulers and descendants

from paying tribute0 Lakandula & Sulayman- rised in arms and gathered

their warriors in Navotas0Juan de Salcedo & Fr. Geronimo Marin- sent by

Lavezaris to persuade them not to carry out their plan0Attack of Lim-Ah-Hong in Manila in 1574

First Pampanga Revolt (1585)0Cause: Abuses of Encomenderos

0Pampangueno leaders- connived w/ the people of Manila and the Borneans to rise in revolt

0Native woman- married to a Spanish soldier, and happened to learn of it and warned the Spanish authorities about it.

0The leaders were arrested and executed w/o any fair trial.

The Tondo Conspiracy (1587-88)0Cause: Regain Lost Freedom

0Agustin de Legazpi (nephew of Lakandula), Martin Pangan (gobernadorcillo of Tondo), Magat Salamat (son of Lakandula), Jun Banal (another Tondo chief), Esteban Taes (chief of Bulacan), Pedro Balinguit (chief of Pandacan), Pitonggatan (chief of Tondo), Felipe Salonga (chief of Polo), and Geronimo Basi (brother of Agustin de Legazpi) - attempts to restore freedom and planned to overthrow the Spanish rulers.

0 Dionisio Fernandez – A Japanese Christian, through him Legazpi and his fellow-conspirator contacted a Japanese sea captain, Juan Gayo,

Magat Salamat Antonio Surabao A

Cuyo Native

Governor General Santiago de Vera Pedro Sarmiento

Spanish encomendero of Calamianes

Manila, October 26, 15888

0Arrest of all persons implicated in the revolutionary plot0Agustin de Legazpi & Martin Pangan were

brutally hanged . Their heads were cut off and placed in iron cages0Dionisio Fernandez was hanged and his

property was confiscated. Also Magat Salamat,Geronimo Basi, and Esteban Taes0 The five of the lesding members of the

conspiracy were exiled to Mexico.

Magalat’s Revolt, Cagayan (1596)0Cause: Tribute

02 brothers instigated the people of Cagayan to rise up in arms due to the latter’s arbitrary levy collection during the rule of Governor Fransisco Tello.

0One of the brothers was called Magalat; The uprising was supressed and his men were kept in Manila as exiles.

0The Dominican missionaries of Cagayan persuaded Governor Tello to pardon them

0Magalat was released and went back to Cagayan and incited the people to continue the fight

0Governor Tello sent Captain Pedro de to quell the revolt but Magalat remained undefeated0The Spaniards decided to hire native assassins;

Magalat was murdered in his own house.

Revolt of the Igorots (1601)0Cause: Refusal to Accept New Religion

0Spaniards were determined to convert the Igorots to Christianity.0They launched a crusade to proselytize the

highland natives and a strong expedition was sent to stop them from resisting colonial subjugation0Spaniards were only able to gain nominal

political and military control over them.

Revolt of the Irrayas, Northern Isabela in the Cagayan Valley (1621)

0Cause: Oppression of Spanish Officials0Fray Pedro de Santo Tomas- A Dominican missionary

tried to convince the rebels to avoid an uprising.0Gabriel Dayag and Felix Cutabay- leaders of the rebels0After the missionaries had left, the Irrayas began their

fight by killing the encomenderos and burning their houses

0Basili River- they went up after killing encomenderos and built their fortification

0Fr. Santo Tomas returned. The rebels stopped and the government pardoned them. The revoly ended without a fight

The Revolt of Tamblot, Bohol (1621-22)

0Cause: Return to Native Religion

0In 1621, Tamblot, a babaylan (native priest), reported the appearance of a diwata who promised the people a life of abundance.0He persuaded the natives to abandon the Catholic

religion and rise against the Spaniards. 02,000 Boholanos responded 0began the uprising at the time when they were in

Cebu celebrating the feast of the beatification of St. Francis Xavier.

0They burned the villages being supervised by the Jesuits, as well as their churches. They threw away all rosaries and crosses they could find. 0News of the revolt reached Cebu. Don Juan de

Alcarazo( alcalde mayor) sent an expedition to Bohol, consisting of 50 Spaniards and more than 1,000 natives from Cebu and Pampanga. 0Tamblot and his followers were crushed.

Hankow's Revolt Leyte (1622) 0Cause: Return to Native Religion

0Bankaw- The leader of this rebellion was the aged chieftain of Limasawa.

-one of the first local leaders who received Miguel Lopez de Legazpi in 1565.

0converted to Christianity and became loyal to Spain 0Bankaw with his sons and a native priest named

Pagali, led the people of Carigara, Leyte to rise in arms in defense of their old religion. Soon they had the whole island into armed resistance.

0Fr. Melchor de Vera -a Jesuit, went to Cebu and warned the Spanish authorities of the uprising.

0Alcalde Mayor Alcarazo - sent fleet of 40 vessels, manned by hundreds of Cebuanos and some Spanish arquebusiers to Leyte. The rebels were offered peace but they turned it down.

0The Spanish-Filipino forces pursued them in the hills and defeated them. Bankaw, together with his son and Pagali perished in the battle. -The second son was beheaded as a traitor. -His daughter was taken as captive. -Bankaw's head was placed on a stake as a public warning, to generate fear among the natives.

The Revolt of Ladia (1643) 0Cause: Spanish Oppression

0Pedro Ladia - a native of Borneo, who claimed to be a descendant of Rajah Matanda.

0instigated the people of Malolos, Bulacan to rise in arms against the Spanish government.

0Fr. Cristobal Enriquez- entreated the people to remain loyal to Spain.

0Ladia was later on arrested and sent to Manila to be executed.

The Revolt of Dabao (1650s) 0Cause: Controversial Decree to Send Carpenters to the Cavite

Shipyard

0Dabao- a Manobo chieftain in Northern Mindanao, allowed himself to be baptized to the Catholic faith, to move freely among fellow Christians.0He convinced some new converts to join him in

his plan to kill the religious and all the Spanish soldiers in the fort.

0Dabao's opportunity came when natives who stole a quantity of maize and rice were being hunted down. He offered himself to catch them.0took his men to act as prisoners.0Dabao attacked the captain and the supposed

prisoners joined him by taking out their concealed weapons0Governor Diego Fajardo- offered amnesty to

the rebels to end the Northern Mindanao unrest. 0The rebels who surrendered were either

hanged or enslaved or taken to Manila, where they were sold to Spanish household.

Sumuroy's Revolt, Samar (1649-50)

0Cause: Forced Labor

0Under Juan Sumuroy's leadership, the people of Palapag, Samar rose in arms against the government. 0Governor Diego Fajardo- ordered the sending of

men to Cavite shipyards. Hostilities began on June 1,1649, with the killing of the curate of the town.

0The revolt spread to Albay and Camarines, Cebu, Masbate, Camiguin, and as far as Northern Mindanao. At one time, the Spanish commander offered a large sum of money in exchange of Sumuroy's head. The rebels sent him the head of a pig instead. 0July 1650- the government forces staged an

assault on the natives' fort. The rebels were caught by surprise. Sumuroy's mother perished in the battle. The revolt ended with individual surrenders. The rebels themselves killed Sumuroy and brought his head to the Spanish commander.