Struggle for RightsAnd

freedom

Questions:1. What were the common grievances of the Filipinos

against the Spanish colonial administration?

2. Why did the early Filipinos fail to liberate the country from Spaniards?

3. What caused the Filipino-American collaboration

against the Spaniards?

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Cause: Lavezaris’ Reversal of Legazpi’s Sulayman

Leaders: Lakandula and Sulayman

1. Revolt of Lakandula and Sulayman

of Navotas (1574)

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Cause: Abuses of Encomenderos

2. First Pampanga Revolt (1585)

Proponents: Pampangueño leaders

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Cause: Regain Lost Freedom

Leaders: Agustin Legaspi (nephew of Lakandula)

Martin Pangan (gobernadorcillo of Tondo)

Magat Salamat (son of Lakandula)

Juan Banal (Tondo Chief)

Geronimo Basi (Agustin Legaspi’s brother)

Esteban Taes (Bulacan Chief)

Pedro Balinguit (Pandacan Chief)

Pitonggatan (Tondo Chief)

Felipe Salonga Polo Chief)

Dioniso Fernadez (Japanese Christian interpreter)

Conspirator:Antonio Surabao and Pedro Sarmiento

Retaliator: Governor General Santiago de Vera

3. The Tondo Conspiracy (1587-1588)

Cause: Tribute

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4. Magalat’s Revolt In Cagayan (1596)

Leader: Magalat

Conspirator: Filipino natives

Retaliator: Governor Francisco Tello

Cause: Tribute

Avemaria collegeCause: Refusal to Accept New Religion

Leaders: Gabriel Dayag

Felix Catubay

5. Revolt of the Igorots

(1601)

6. Revolt of the Irrayas in

Northern Isabela Cagayan Valley

(1621)

Peace Advocate: Fr. Pedro de Santo Tomas

Cause: Oppression of Spanish Officials

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Cause: Return to Native Religion

7. Revolt of Tamblot in Bohol (1621-1622)

Leader: Tamblot- a babaylan

Retaliator: Don Juan de Alcarazo

Cause: Return to Native Religion

8. Bankaw’s Revolt in Leyte (1622)

Leaders: Bankaw –aged chieftain of Limasawa Pagali-babaylan

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Leader: Pedro Ladia, descendant of Rajah Matanda

9. Ladia’s Revolt in Bulacan (1643)

Peace Advocate: Fr. Cristobal enriquez

Cause: Spanish Oppression

10.Dabao’s Revolt in Northern Mindanao (1650s)

Cause: Controversial Decree to Send Carpenters to the Cavite Shipyard

Leader: Dabao- Manobo Chieftain

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11. Sumuroy’s Revolt in Samar(1649-50)

Leader: Juan Sumuroy

Cause: Forced Labor

12. Maniago’s Revolt in Pampanga (1660)

Leader: Don Francisco Maniago- Chief in Mexico Village

Cause: frequent Recruitment of Men to Cut Timber in the Mountains and Bandala

Peace Negotiator: Governor Manque de Lara

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13.Andes Malong’s revolt in Pangasinan (1660-

1661)

Leader: Andres Malong

Cause: Spanish Oppression and the Desire to Replace the Spaniards as Personal Rulers of the People

Retaliator: Don Felipe de Ugalde Don Francisco Esteban

Leader: Pedro Gumapos

Cause:Continue Andres Malong’s Revolt (1661)

14. Gumapos’ Revolt (1661)

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15. Almazan’s Revolt in Ilocos (1660s)

Cause: Personal Ambitions

Leader: Pedro Almazan

16. Tapay’s Revolt in Panay (1663)

Cause:Found a New Religion Under Native Supervision

Leader : Tapay

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17. Dagohoy’s Revolt in Bohol (1744-1829)

Cause: Refusal to Give His Brother a Christian Burial

Leader: Francisco Dagohoy

Retaliator: Governor Mariano Ricafort

118. Silang’s Revolt in Ilocos (1762-1763)Cause:His Improsenment, Abusive Government Officials, Heavy

Taxation

Leader: Diego Silang

Retaliator: Miguel VicosLeader: Gabriela Silang

Retaliator:Don Manuel de Arza

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19. Palaris’ revolt in Binalayongan (1762-65)

Cause: Tribute, Spain’s Loss of Prestige Due to the British Occupation of Manila

Leader: Juan de la Cruz Palaris

Retaliator: Don Mariano de Arza

20.Basi Revolt in Ilocos Norte (1807)

Cause: Wine Monopoly 1786

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21. Revolt in Defense of the Spanish Constitution (1815)

Cause: Abolition of the Liberal Spanish ConstitutionLeader: Simon Tomas

22. Revolt of the Bayot Brothers (1822)

Cause: Feeling of Distrust between the Peninsulares and Creoles

Leaders: Manuel BayotJose BayotJoaquin Bayot

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23. Religious Revolt of Hermano Pule (1840-1841)

Cause: Religious Freedom

Prominent: Apolinario de la Cruz A.K.A. Hermano Pule

24. Muslim Wars (1578-1898)

Cause: Invasion of Mindanao and Sulu, Preservation of Islam and the love and adventure arising from the spoils of wars.

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25. The Rise of Filipino Nationalism

Factors that give rise to the Filipino Nationalism:

1. Spread of liberalism.

2. Sentiments against principles.

3. Racial prejudice.

4. Cultural changes.

5. Secularization controversy.

6. Cavite Mutiny of 1872.

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26. The Propaganda Movement

Aim: Peaceful Assimilation

Reforms:

1. Equality of the Spaniardsa nd Filipinos before the Laws

2. Restoration of the Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes

3. Secularization of Philippine parishes and expulsion of friars

4. Human rights for Filipinos

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Propaganda Movement

Leaders:

Marcelo H. del Pilar

Graciano Lopez Jaena

Jose RizalPedro A. Paterno

Antonio Luna

Pedro Serrano Laktaw

Isabelo de los Reyes

Spanish Friends: 1. Juan Atayde

2. Professor Miguel Morayta

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La Solidaridadwas established by Graciano Lopez Jaena on December 31, 1888 in Barcelona.

La Liga Filipina was founded by Jose Rizal on July 3,1892 at Doroteo Ongjunco, Tondo, Manila.

Objectives: Unification of the whole archipelago into one compact, vigotrous, and homogeneous body

Defense against violence and injustice

Encouragement of instruction, agricultur and commerce

Study and implementation of reforms

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27. The Katipunan

Kataastaasan Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan was formed on July 7, 1892 led by Andres Bonifacio.

-revolutionary society

- A government• Sanguniang Bayan- province• Sanguniang Balangay- town

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La Semilla

Gregoria de JesusBenita RodriguezJosefa RizalTrinidad Rizal

Kalayaan-newspaper of the Katipunan

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28. The Revolution

Teodoro Patiño

-betrayed by telling the secrecy to Father Mariano Gil on August 19, 1896

Cry of Balintawak

“Long Live the Philippine! Long live the Katipunan”

On, August 29, 1896,Melchora Aquino was arrested

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29. Rivalry in the Katipunan

Magdalo Council- headed by Baldomero Aguinaldo

Magdiwang Council

-headed by Mariano Alvarez

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30. Biak na Bato Republic

Provincial Constitution of the Philippine Republic aimed for separation of the Philippines from Spanish Monarchy and the formation of an independent state

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BIYAK –NA-BATO

July 2 1897, President Aguinaldo issued a proclamation in which the revolutionary demands were listed:

1. the expulsion of the friars and the return of the lands to the Filipinos they appropriated themselves.

2. Representation in the Spanish Cortes

3. Freedom of the press and tolerance of all religious sects.

4. equal treatment and pay for civil servants.

5. Abolition of the power of the government to banish citizens

6. Legal equality for all persons.

November 1,1897, the Biyak-na-Bato Constitution was signed and promulgated.

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THE PACT OF BIYAK-NA-BATO

December 14 to December 15, 1897, the Pact of Biak-na-Bato was signed. Consisting of three documents, it called for the following agenda:

1. Program (first document):

1. The surrender of Aguinaldo and the rest of the revolutionary corps.

2. Amnesty for those who participated in the revolution..

3. Exile to Hong Kong for the revolutionary leadership.

4. Payment by the Spanish government of $400,000 (Mexican peso) to the revolutionaries in three installments: $200,000 (Mexican peso) upon leaving the country, $100,000 (Mexican peso) upon the surrender of at least 700 firearms, and another $200,000 (Mexican peso) upon the declaration of general amnesty

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2. “Act of Agreement” reiterated the granting of general amnesty to the rebels

who would lay down their arms.

3. The third document contais “Contains the questions of indemnity.

Primo de Revera would pay the additional sum of P900,000 to the families of non-combatant Filipinos who were caught in the cross fire and suffered injury during the armed conflict.

FAILURE OF THE PACT OF BIYAK-NA-BATO

The failure of the Pact was that certain provisions were not faithfully followed by both parties.

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31. Spanish-American war

The Spanish American War broke out on April 25,1898 and ended on August 12 of the same year.

Reasons for Spanish American war1.Cuban struggle for independence2.Efforts of the Americans to extend influence

overseas3.Sinking of the U.S. warship Maine

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32.Filipino-American War Collaboration

Commodore Dewey of America began the battle on May 1, 1898.

On ay 21, Dewey urged the people to rise in arms and join the American in a common struggle against the Spaniards.

On May 24, 1898, Aguinaldo established a dictatorial government to revoke the authority of Biak-na-Bato and unite the revolutionary forces.

Dewey squadron dominated the bay thus the Spaniards were trapped in within the city walls. Aguinaldo’s men had cut of the supply and water during the seige

Dewey demanded the surrender of Manila on August 7 and consequently, the Spanish governor honorably conceded.