INDIA’s STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM BEFORE 1947 AND AFTER 1947

BY-KANAK DAGA 10-B

BEFORE 1947…

In ancient times, people from all over the world were keen to come to India. The Aryans came from Central Europe and settled down in India . The Persians followed by the Iranians and Parsis immigrated to India. Then came the Moghuls and they too settled down permanently in India. Chengis Khan, the Mongolian, invaded and looted India many times. Alexander the Great too, came to conquer India but went back after a battle with Porus. Lastly, the Britishers came and ruled over India for nearly 200 years. After the battle of Plassey in 1757, the British achieved political power in India.

"Long years ago we made a tryst with destiny and now the time comes when we shall redeem our pledge, not wholly or in full measure, but very substantially. At the stroke of the midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom." This was the speech made by Jawaharlal Nehru, as the Prime Minister of an Independent India, addressing the constituent assembly and the Indian nation on 15 August 1947.

The freedom struggle had various stages, in the form of many rebellions and armed revolts. There were many rebellions, throughout the nation during the first 100 years of British rule.

Role of Associated Movements 

• India’s struggle for freedom had been a long drawn out battle. Though it actually began in the second half of the 19th century, isolated attempts were made in various parts of the country to bring the British rule in India to an end about a century earlier. The real power in northern India passed into the hands of the British in 1757. The loss of indepen dence provided the motive force for the struggle for freedom and Indians in different parts of the country began their efforts to throw off the yoke of the alien rulers. It took over 100 years for the struggle to gain full momentum. 

Great Revolt of 1857 The British, however, refused to heed the warning or even to care for it as they had developed on over -weaning confidence in their strength in India. Therefore when the Great Revolt of 1857 took place, they were completely stunned. It was the first organised attempt on the part of the Indians for the emancipation of their country. No doubt, the British came out victorious at the end but the Indians too gained in the sense that the movement became a symbol of inspiration and sacrifice for the subsequent generations The failure of the outbreak of 1857 opened a new phase in India's struggle for freedom. The idea of open armed resistance against the British was at a discount, that it was not altogether discarded as is evident from the various rebellions which broke out in several parts of the country during the years 1859-1872.

 KHILAFAT MOVEMENT…

Shaukat Ali and Mohammed Ali, the two brothers, and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad organized the Khilafat Movement. on the question of dis memberment of Turkey after her defeat in World War I. The Ulemas of Deoband and Firangi Mahal and Hakim Ajmal Khan zealously parti cipated in the Movement. Though basically a congregation of Ulemas, the Khilafat Movement also contained in its rank and leader ship men of diverse political persua sions-nationalists, revolutionary nationalists, and even Communists and Bolsheviks. They were all com bined in their hatred of British rule. Gandhiji wholeheartedly supported the Khilafat Movement which pro vided a rare opportunity to bring Hindus and Muslims closer.

ALL INDIA COMMUNIST PARTYThe influence of the Communist ideas made itself felt in India shortly after the Russian Revolution in 1917.  And  as  early  as  1920  the  Communist  Party  of  the  USSR decided  “to  take  concrete measures  to  spread  revolu tion  in the East.” M.N. Roy a member of the Executive Committee of the  Communist  International  was  res ponsible  for  sending Indian  com munists  trained  in  Russia  to  spread  communist ideology  in  India  and  set  up  its  centres. However  his  efforts met with no conspicuous success till the Communist Party of Britain  took  up  the  matter  and  sent  some  agents  to  India; Philip  Spratt  being  the  most  important.

STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM..

 After 1947.

When people don't follow rules and regulations,When people bend the laws by using their power or money,When people are ignorant to the mistakes they made,When people blame others for the consequences of their mistakes ,When people find themselves in trouble by the consequences arose from their mistakes,When people are not ready to accept their mistakes and don't want to change either,Then a revolution arises which we all know as India's Fight Against Corruption.....

Corruption is found in the government when instead of thinking about the interests of the citizens as a whole, the members of the government are chiefly interested in promoting their own selfish interests.Corruption is found in both public and private organizations and everyone starting from the clerk to the Managing Director of a company is corrupt in a way or the other. Corruption is an incurable disease which all the citizens should try to combat by hook or by crook. It is only because of the corrupt politicians that today India is burdened with enormous loans from the developed countries especially America and is not a fully developed and free nation. It is confines by the handcuffs of corruption.

INDIA’s STRUGGLE AGAINST

FEMALE FOETICIDE…

Female Foeticide is about aborting a foetus only because it is girl. This is a major social problem in the country. Sex determination and abortion only because the foetus is a girl are two major social ills. Social discrimination against women and preference for sons are promoted by this. The Beti Bachao, or Save girls campaign, has been underway in many Indian communities since the early 2000s. The campaign uses the media to raise awareness of the gender disparities creating, and resulting from, sex-selective abortion. Beti Bachao activities include rallies, posters, short videos and television commercials, some of which are sponsored by state and local governments and other organizations

India’s fight against this social and psychological crime began when ultrasound techniques became widespread in India and selective abortions started taking place in 1990. The fight and protests still continue to give freedom and equality to the girl child.

INDIA’s FIGHT AGAINST

LABOUR LAWS..

Unnecessary rules is major problem in India. The few lobbyists in the society work very hard to make these unnecessary rules so they can benefit from people's hardwork. "...As an example, Firms employing more than 100 people cannot fire workers without government permission. The effect of this is to discourage firms from expanding to over 100 people. It also discourages foreign investment. Trades Unions have an important political power base and governments often shy away from tackling potentially politically sensitive labour laws."These are just a few of the problems facing India today. Life in certain parts of India is nothing but absolute poverty with little hope for survival in the near future. Good education is the key to economic improvement yet India is lacking this essential key. India has a long way to go to fight for it and achieve a fully free India. 

THANK YOU…