Starting the 13 English Colonies

Chapter 3

Early Colonies Have Mixed Success

*Main Idea: Two early English colonies failed, but Jamestown survived – partly through individual effort and hard work.

*Reasons English go went America:-lack of economic opportunity (jobs)-stories of gold mines/wealth-religious persecution (discrimination)**By having colonies in the Americas,

England hoped to increase its trade and build up its gold supply!

*Two Early Colonies Fail:1. Roanoke (Virginia)2. Sagadahoc (Maine)*failed b/c….. harsh winters, conflict

with Native Americans, food shortages, and arguments among colonists.

Jamestown (In honor of King James)

*Established? 1607*Importance? First permanent English

settlement in the Americas!The Jamestown Colony

*hardships? YES! Malaria, harsh winters, food shortage, looking for gold rather than building houses and growing food!

*Many colonists died, but Jamestown remained!

*By 1612, developed a high-grade tobacco popular in England.-Lucrative (profitable) business.

*1619 – first African Americans arrive in Jamestown.

Population boom!: 1619: 600 1621: > 2,000

*House of Burgesses: Created (1619) to provide more local control. Elected representatives met once a year in an assembly.

-Importance???? First representative assembly in the American colonies!!!!

*Conflict with Powhatan:-Relations intensified as more colonists

arrived and wanted land.-Uneasy peace!!-Colonists learned how to grow corn,

catch fish, and capture wild fowl.-Expanding tobacco plantations took over

more and more Powhatan land.*1622: Powhatan killed hundreds of

Jamestown’s residents in response!

Bacon’s Rebellion*When? 1676 *Where? Jamestown*Led by? Nathaniel Bacon

*Why? Landless frontier settlers upset about high taxes & wanted a war against Native Americans approved to seize their land for tobacco plantations.

*Governor refused!*What happened? Marched into

Jamestown, took control of House of Burgesses, burned town to the ground!

*Outcome? Failure and Success!!! How????

Failure: rebellion ended with Bacon’s death

Success: House of Burgesses passed laws preventing a royal governor from assuming such power again.

New England Colonies*Main Idea: Religion influenced the settlement

and government of the New England colonies.

The Pilgrims Religious group that called for a total break

from the Church of England – believed it was too much like the Catholic Church.

-Attacked and criticized for rejecting England’s official church.

-Settled in America to escape harsh treatment.-Nov. 1620, the Mayflower arrived at

Plymouth, Mass.

“Thanksgiving is next week.”

*Signed the Mayflower Compact! Pilgrims vowed to obey laws agreed upon for the good of the colony.

*Importance?? Helped establish the idea of self-government and majority rule!

Question: Do we still have this today????Plymouth colony*Thanks to Squanto and other Native

Americans, the Pilgrims learned to survive in their new environment.

The Puritans*Religious group

that left England to escape harsh treatment by King James I.

*Unlike Pilgrims, Puritans wanted to reform, or “purify” the practices of the Church of England.

King James I of EnglandDevout Protestant

The Puritan Religion

New England Way*Basic unit: Congregation – a group of people

who belong to the same church.-Puritans gathered for town meetings, a form

of ______ - ___________ where people make laws & other decisions for the community.

*Elected representatives chose the governor.*By law: everyone had to attend church

services!-Provided instruction on the “New England

Way”*Emphasized duty, godliness, hard

work, and honesty.

*Believed amusements like dancing and playing games led to laziness!

-Believed God required them to work long and hard at their vocation!

*This work ethic contributed to the rapid growth & success of the New England colonies!!

*Laws required all children learn to read (Bible)

*1636 – Thomas Hooker moved his congregation to the Connecticut Valley.

*Wrote: Fundamental Order of Connecticut in 1639.

-These laws were a constitution!1. Extended voting rights to non-

church members2. Limited the power of the governor*Importance?? Expanded the idea of

representative government!!!

Challenges to Puritan Leaders!

-Roger Williams

-Disagreed with the New England Way-Minister in Salem, Mass.-Founded the First Baptist church in

America-Opposed forced church attendance!-Opposed taking Native American lands by

force!-Forced out of his colony!*1636: founded the colony of Rhode Island-Guaranteed religious freedom and the

separation of church and state!

Anne Hutchinson

*Anne Hutchinson

*Believed a person could worship God without the help of a church, minister, or Bible.

*Conducted discussions in her home that challenged church authority.

*Brought to trial!*Forced to leave mass.*She fled to Rhode

Island!

Quakers*Challenged the congregation of the

Puritans*Believed you could know God through

“an inner light”*Ministers or Bible were not needed*Believed in treating Natives fairly –

set them apart from other colonists!*For these beliefs, they were whipped,

imprisoned, and hanged*Many left for Rhode Island.

King Philips War: Puritans Vs. WampanoagCause and Effect!

REASONS FOR CONFLICT*LAND OWNERSHIP

*RELIGION*INCREASED POP. OF EUROPEANS

Led to….King Philips War!!Native American Losses European Losses

*3,000 killed *600 settlers killed*King Philip *>45 villages attacked (Metacom killed) *12 villages destroyed*500 Natives enslaved *European expansion

into Native land