STAGES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Developmental psychology is the scientific study of changes that occur in human beings over the course of their life. Originally concerned with infants and children, the field has expanded to include adolescence, adult development, aging, and the entire lifespan.

Developmental psychologist Erik H. Erikson ( 1902-1994) was best known for his theory on social development of human beings, and for coining the phrase identity crisis

Infancy (birth to 18 months)

Trust vs Mistrust

Early Childhood (2 to 3 years)

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

Preschool (3 to 5 years)

Initiative vs Guilt

School Age (6 to 11 years)

Industry vs Inferiority

Adolescence (12 to 18 years)

Identity vs Role Confusion

Young Adulthood (19 to 40 years)

Intimacy vs Isolation

Middle Adulthood (40 to 65 years)

Generativity vs Stagnation

Maturity(65 to death)

Ego Integrity vs Despair

Development of post-Freudian theory

Erikson was a student of Anna Freud, the daughter of Sigmund Freud, whose psychoanalytic theory and psychosexual stages contributed to the basic outline of the eight stages, at least those concerned with childhood. Namely, the first four of Erikson's life stages correspond to Freud's oral, anal, phallic, and latency phases, respectively. Also, the fifth stage of adolescence is said to parallel the genital stage in psychosexual development: