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South Korean Energy Outlook: Demand, Supply, & Policy October 12, 2015 Colorado Springs

South&Korean&Energy&Outlook:& Demand,&Supply,&&&Policy& · 2015-05-02 · South&Korean&Energy&Outlook:& Demand,&Supply,&&&Policy& October&12,&2015& Colorado&Springs&

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Page 1: South&Korean&Energy&Outlook:& Demand,&Supply,&&&Policy& · 2015-05-02 · South&Korean&Energy&Outlook:& Demand,&Supply,&&&Policy& October&12,&2015& Colorado&Springs&

South  Korean  Energy  Outlook:  Demand,  Supply,  &  Policy  

October  12,  2015  Colorado  Springs  

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South  Korea  13th  Largest  Economy    5th  in  Asia-­‐Pacific  aHer    China,  Japan,  India,  and  Australia    GDP  is  only  $40  billion    less  than  Australia,  but  over  $520  billion  greater  than  next  largest  in  the  Asia  Pacific  (Indonesia)  

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Source:  US  Energy  InformaTon  AdministraTon  

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Korea’s  Recent  Energy  Policies  

•  Has  acknowledged  the  need  to  reduce  emissions  and  increase  efficiency  since  1987  

•  As  early  as  1989,  legislaTve  debate  about  requiring  uTliTes  and  manufacturers  to  scrub  emissions  

•  Energy  sector  was  the  only  part  of  the  economy  not  liberalized  in  1993  aHer  the  transiTon  to  democracy    

•  Price  controls  were  finally  eliminated  on  all  fuels  in  1998  

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Korea’s  Recent  Energy  Policies  

•  In  1997,  the  Ten  Year  NaTonal  Plan  for  Energy  set  2006  as  the  deadline  to  develop  new  technology  to  diversify  energy  mix  –  solar  thermal,  solar  photovoltaic,  wind,  hydro,  fuel  cells,  coal  liquefac0on  and  gasifica0on,  Tdal,  waste  gasifica0on,  geothermal,  etc.  

•  In  1999,  alternaTve  energies  only  accounted  for  1.3%  of  all  of  Korea’s  energy  supply,  of  which  96%  was  waste  and  biomass  –  gasificaTon  of  municipal  solid  waste  since  2001  

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Korea’s  Recent  Energy  Policies  

•  Had  a  feed-­‐in  tariff  system  to  promote  alternaTves  and  renewables  from  2005-­‐2012  

•  Replaced  with  Renewable  Porfolio  Standards  in  2012  due  to  persistent  low  adopTon  of  alternaTves  by  uTliTes  

•  Began  an  Emissions  Trading  Scheme  in  January  2015  (2nd  largest  globally  aHer  EU)  – covers  525  business  enTTes  from  23  sectors  

•  TargeTng  a  37%  emissions  reducTon  below  BAU  by  2030  

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Korea’s  Energy  Mix  

•  Oil  consumpTon  was  66%  of  total  at  peak  in  mid-­‐90s  

•  Rise  in  coal,  gas  &  nuclear  accounts  for  oil’s  decline  

•  Nuclear  capacity  goal  of  43%  of  all  electricity  by  2029  

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Korea’s  Energy  Mix  

•  Higher  emissions  targets  resulted  in  4  fewer  coal  plants  planned  (25à21)  

•  Coal  projected  as  32.3%  of  total  2029  energy  consumpTon  

•  Natural  gas  projected  as  24.8%  in  2029  

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Korea’s  Electricity  GeneraTon  by  Fuel,  2000-­‐2015  

   0  

 5  000  

 10  000  

 15  000  

 20  000  

 25  000  

 30  000  

 35  000  

 40  000  

Jan-­‐00  

Oct-­‐00  

Jul-­‐0

1  

Apr-­‐02  

Jan-­‐03  

Oct-­‐03  

Jul-­‐0

4  

Apr-­‐05  

Jan-­‐06  

Oct-­‐06  

Jul-­‐0

7  

Apr-­‐08  

Jan-­‐09  

Oct-­‐09  

Jul-­‐1

0  

Apr-­‐11  

Jan-­‐12  

Oct-­‐12  

Jul-­‐1

3  

Apr-­‐14  

Jan-­‐15  

Source:  InternaTonal  Energy  Agency,  Monthly  Electricity  StaTsTcs,  Revised  Historical  Data  -­‐  June  2015.  

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Coal  •  Has  ~139MMst  of  

recoverable  coal  (mostly  anthracite)  

•  60%  used  for  electricity  producTon,  40%  by  industry  and  manufacturing  

•  Imports  from  Australia  (42%),  Indonesia  (28%),  Russia  (14%),  Canada  (10%),  US  (3%),  China  (2%)  

•  GE  supplied  systems  for  Korea’s  1st  gasificaTon  plant,  Taean  IGCC  

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Natural  Gas  •  Negligible  domesTc  &  offshore  

reserves  •  Price  is  nearly  1/3  of  what  it  

was  18  months  ago  •  2nd  largest  importer  of  LNG  

globally  •  KOGAS  is  effecTve  monopoly  on  

imports,  sales,  &  distribuTon  •  Imports  from  Qatar  (35%),  

Indonesia  (14%),  Oman  (10%),  Malaysia  (10%),  Nigeria  (9%),  Yemen  (8%)  

•  Contracts  in  place  for  imports  from  Sabine  Pass  (2017,  20  yrs)  and  Freeport  (2019,  onake)  

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Future  Demand  

•  Electricity  demand  expected  to  increase  2.2%  annually  to  2029,  reaching  657  TWh/yr  

•  Export  market  slowdown  &  aging  populaTon  may  reduce  demand  in  coming  years  

•  4  nuclear  plants  under  construcTon,  8  more  planned  

•  21  coal  plants  called  for  in  gov’t  energy  plan  must    apply  “best  available  technology”  

•  Gov’t  has  commired  to  invest  in  Coal  to  Liquid  and  Carbon  Capture  pilot  plants,  but  no  CCS  requirement  for  new  coal  plants