Solid Waste System for Energy Generation

8/7/2019 Solid Waste System for Energy Generation

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BY

AMIRINENI RAJESH


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Energy is an input in all the sectors of a countryseconomy. The standard of living of a given countrycan be directly related to the perception of energyconsumption. Today every country draws its attention

on energy needs, and search for variety of sources. Asthe demand of energy need is more on the other handthe production is less.

The energy crisis is due to two reasons, firstly thatthe population is of the world has increased rapidlyand secondly the standard of living of human beings

has increased. At present the consumption of energy isabout 20millions M.W by 2010 A.D it would be 4 times.Thus it leads to search for the alternative source ofenergy generation


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Of the solid discarded into landfill(waste going todisposal), the organic portion decomposes andgenerates landfill gas(LFG) as a by-product of

decomposition process. Typical LFG from a disposalsite contains about 55% methane(CH4), and 44%carbon-dioxide(CO2) with the remainder composed ofmoisture and trace organic compounds

The methane component of LFG is referred to asbiogas. There is no difference between this biogas andthe natural gas used in residences and business forheating and cooking


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As it require only the combust able solid wasteproducts, the non-combustibles such as kitchen,appliances from refuse, are removed. For this process it

requires extensive, air-classification, re-shredding, anddrying. In conjugation with this, recycle the glass andmetals caught from waste.


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-SHREDDING: In this process most of the in-coming solidwaste is done into a relatively constant particle size

-AIR-CLASSIFICATIO

N: This process is used to remove thelarge non-combustibles, but the smaller non-combustiblescan not be removed from the solid waste. The metal foilsand fine glass are not removed by air-classification. Thelighter combustibles are pneumatically transferred through

air classifier, often the denser combustibles, such as rubberand leather are removed with heavy frat ion.

-DRYING: This is adopted to remove excess fuel moister.When animal manure or sewage sludge are used as a fuel


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-STORAGE: It is to be stored in the large bins.

-MATERIAL RECOVERY: The system is available forremoving steel, AL, other non-ferrous metals and glassfrom the heavy product air-classified stream . Materialrecovered from air-classifier refuse has a higher value,than that recovered from the waste after the energyconversion system, usually in the form of slag or frit


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-producing electricity CPU-400

SUPPLIMENTAL UTILITY BOILER

-producing gas and oil GARRETT PYROLYSIS PROCESS

BIOLOGICAL METHANE PRODUCTION

UNION CARBIDE PUROX SYSTEM

-produce steam WATERWALL INCINERATOR

AMERICAN THERMOGEN PROCESS

MONSANTO LANGARD PROCESS


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GARRETT PYROLYSIS PROCESS: It employs two stages ofshredding, air-classification, and drying to produce aminsu-24-mesh fuel for the pyrolysis reactor. The heat

required for pyrolysis is driven from the combustion ofpyrolysis off-gases and from the portion of the charproduced. From the pyrolysis unit the gases areexhausted through a cyclone to remove the char thenscrubbed to remove the oil, water and solids and

liquids.


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This involves the anerobic digestion of a solid wasteand water at 60 c for five days to produce a methanerich gas.

Solid waste is prepared by shredding and air-classifiedbefore being blended with water or sewage sludge to a10 to 20 % solid concentration. The slurry is heated andplaced in a mixed digester at 60c for 5 days detention.

This process is very well suited for use of sewagesludge, animal manure, and other high moisturecontent solid waste.

It is estimated that the process will reduce the volumeof volatile solids by 75%, while producing about 85

cubic meters of methane per one tone of incoming


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The system employs the high temperature particleoxidation process to produce medium- but gas. oxygenis used to particle combuat the solid waste. Whichprovide the heat required to pyrolsis

By using oxygen high process temperature andalternatively small quantity of exhaust are achieved


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-They are renewable and non-exhaust

-They do not require mining operations

-They are environmental friendly

-They do not require storage cost


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As intensity of users of electricity in Indian economy hasshown a steady increase. This trend necessitated substantialincrease in share on investments. It is essential to keeptransmission and distribution losses and consumption of

energy by auxiliaries in the power stations to minimum outof total non-conventional fuels the share of the fire wood isnearly 65%

The availability of animal dung and agriculture waste islikely to increase in the future due to increase agricultureproduction and animal population ,with the popularizationof solid waste systems which can be efficient utilized.

These are expected to contribute to any significant extent tothe energy supplies by the turn of the country.


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1. Energy technology hand book Douglas M.Considine

2. Energy recovery from solid waste as a

supplementary fuel in power plant boilers USEnvironmental agency.

3. Non-conventional energy sources G.D.Rai


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Solid Waste System for Energy Generation