Soc Review 2

8/18/2019 Soc Review 2

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Dr. Scott Renshaw

Soc 101

Review Guide for Test # 2 (the test will be on Tuesday, 20 ove!ber 2012"

The Socioloical $ers%ective, Sy!bolic &nteraction, and the 'onflict $ers%ectivesy!bolic interaction

READINGS before the First Exam

sociological imagination- ability of self to understand our placement in history and structure toitness our self of or!ing

structure- history- self- itness

self can influence history and strucure

"#$ )ills, *The Socioloical &!aination+

"%$ erer, *&nvitation to Socioloy+

cs-

"&$ *o!en and the irth of Socioloy+

wo!en are i!!ensely to the world and develo%!ent of socioloy

1/00s wo!en challened church

"&a$ 'oa-ley, *ow ould a Socioloist 3oo- at S%ort+($osted into lac-board 'ourse Docu!ents"

socioloy vs %sycholoy social structure vs %erson4individual !ind

"'$ )iner, *The ody Ritual of the acire!a+

"($ abbie, *The &!%ortance of Social Research+

")$ hite, *Sy!bol5 The asic 6le!ent of 'ulture+ *"+$ )erton, *)anifest and 3atent 7unctions+

)anifest obvious one. 3atent ha%%ens throuh ti!e.

)erton !ost %rolific socioloist ever.

*"#,$ arris, *&ndia8s Sacred 'ow+

'ows everythin life.

*"#%$ Tonnies, *Ge!einschaft and Gesellschaft+

&talici9ed infor!ation at beinnin of cha%ter.

Shift in !orality in Ge!einschaft to wor-. Division of labor beco!es !ore s%eciali9ed. )ost %eo%lehave to be trained for the :ob. Shift in self. )ore o%%ortunity to attach.

*&!%ortant

READINGS since the First Exam

"+$ )erton, *)anifest and 3atent 7unctions+

"#,$ arris, *&ndia8s Sacred 'ow+

"#%, Toinnes, *Ge!einschaft and Gesellschaft+

"#.$ )ead, *The Self+

"#+$ Si!!el, *The Dyad and the Triad+

"%,, Goff!an, *The $resentation of Self+

"%($ Rit9er, *)c;obs+&dea that we do wor- so orani9ations dont have to.

"'%$ . 6. , Du ois$ *The Souls of lac- 7ol-+

first to do a ty%e of study in a neihborhood in %hilly, whats your life li-e bein an african a!erican<Dual consciousness bein blac- in blac- areas, bein blac- in racist areas.

"'/$ ilson, *hen or- Disa%%ears+ "')$ ew!an *Gettin a ;ob in arle!+&dea of identity. &dea of :obs well ta-e.

0A123ING (=ou will !atch %hrases fro! the socioloical %ers%ectives handout, attached"


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24ASS DIS25SSI6N

The socioloist studies society by utili9in and develo%in a s%eciali9ed lanuae. This lanuae

enerates abstractions in atte!%t to ca%ture and4or cateori9e the onoin strea! of social interaction. Socioloists systematically atte!%t to describe, e>%lain, analy9e, evaluate, and %redict social %heno!enon4a?

Socioloists systematically challene (and4or so!eti!es create" social !yth?

&n so doin, socioloists systematically address social stability and social chane.

7or 27 8right 0ills, %art of the *socioloical i!aination+ is the ability to see ourselves (see our %atterns of behavior" in relation to the structure of society, our s%ecific %lace!ent in history, and how

the self inter%lays with the structure and history.

The socioloist syste!atically studies the structure of society.

The socioloist syste!atically studies the organization of society

The socioloist syste!atically studies the individual as a collecti9e Self within the structure

and4or organization of society.

1hree General Sociological :uestions Guide the Sociological Exploration of Social

;henomenonIS5A4 0EDIA before the First Exam

The Truman Show

The Merchants of Cool

Snic-ers 'o!!ercials B The Sears 'o!!ercial ('ool and Thrash" Devil’s Playground

Bill Moyer’s Journal , *uns on the us+ B *The Cnited States of 36'+

>IS5A4 0EDIA Since the First Exam

Devils Playground Larry David 5 'ell $hones in $ublic and Tal-in with one8s self

Bernie Mac5 *;ordan the ully+ and *ernie the )an+

Breakfast at Tiffany’s *The $arty+ (1EF1"

Modern Times B ffice S!ace

S62I646GI2A4 A2265N1ING DE>I2ES$ 06DE4S$ and?or RE;RESEN1A1I6NS

"#@ The 3anuae of Socioloy )odel

"%@ '. riht )ills8 *socioloical i!aination+ and his three sorts of uestions (% A"


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1. structure? 2. history? A. self (be able to socioloically define structure and self"

"&@ The Saussurian Sin )echanis!

"'@ The 'o!!on Stoc- of Hnowlede and Stri%s of ctivity

".@ The Structural 7unctional )odel, )ar>4eilbroner8s )')

"(@ Sy!bolic &nteraction (see the Sy!bolic &nteraction andout in 'ourse Docu!ents"

8RI11EN DE;I21I6N 6F S62I646GI2A4 A2265N1ING DE>I2ES

#@ Define abstraction and understand how to a%%ly abstraction to socioloical ideas.

%@ '. riht )ills8 *socioloical i!aination+ is a !odel (see %ae A in your te>t"

1.Structure

hat is the structure of any iven society< hat can we identify<

2. istory

here in history is our society located<

hat is uniue or novel to our s%ecific ti!e %eriod<hat has chaned, what is chanin<

A. Self

hat ty%es of hu!an beins e>ist in our s%ecific ti!e %eriod<ow are hu!an bein for!ed, selected, or !ade hard easy oin<

ow does the self infor! the structure<

nd how does the structure infor! the self<

&@ e have e>%lored the Saussurian sin !echanis!(essay I" associated with the lanuae of

socioloy.

3umans dependent on signs and symbols7

Sin J sinifier@sinifiedB

n i!%ortant uestion to as- yourself is5 ow can we a%%ly the sin !echanis! to the idea of

the lanuae of socioloy, as well as to television and co!!ercials<

'@ The Social 'onstruction of Reality )odel and the 'o!!on Stoc- of Hnowlede )odel ('.S.H."and stri%s of activity.

Kur '.S.H. !odel is a circle that houses our ta-en for ranted reality, lanuae4sins, and socialreci%es

'.S.H continued

e can use the '.S.H. to inter%ret a stri% of activity.&n any stri% of activity and fro! our co!!on stoc- of -nowlede, we inter%ret what it is that is oin

on in any iven situation? and then we can reflect bac- into our '.S.H. and suest that the infor!ation

contained in our co!!on stoc- of -nowlede is indeed real.

e can also use our collective understandin of a stri% of activity to cateori9e and describe theele!ents contained in our '.S.H.


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.@ The Structural 7unctional $ers%ective )odel (Structure, 7unction, and the shift fro! Ge!einschaftto Gesellschaft" and )ar>4eilbroner8s )') answer true

(study the Structural 7unctional %ers%ective worldview assu!%tions while thin-in about this !odel"

&nstitutions Su%%ortin &nstitutions

StatusRole

Self

(@ Socioloical )odels within Sy!bolic &nteraction (See S& andout in 'ourse Docs"

(study the Sy!bolic &nteraction %ers%ective worldview assu!%tions while thin-in about this !odel

>62AC54AR in the 4ANG5AGE of S62I646G

Abstract L 1.considered a%art fro! concrete e>%erience. 2. theoretical

Abstraction L The 'ourse Definition5 the %rocess of first abstractin out of our bodily feelin into

one8s co!!on lanuae and co!!on stoc- of -nowlede. Second, abstractin out of our co!!on

lanuae and co!!on stoc- of -nowlede into a s%eciali9ed lanuae of Socioloy in order to e>%lain

so!e ty%e of social %heno!enon4a.

Accounting De9ice or 0odel L a confiuration of sins (the Saussurian Sin )echanis!" or sy!bols

that aid in describin and e>%lainin social %heno!enon4a.

Celiefs L what we thin- is true in reard to the cos!os, world, society, rou%, and4or individual

2ritical thin!ing L to as- uestions about what is assu!ed to be real, valued, and sinificant in our

culture.

Ethnicity L denotes a rou% of %eo%le who %erceive the!selves and are %erceived by others as sharin

cultural traits such as lanuae, reliion, fa!ily custo!s, food %references, values, and beliefs

Gemeinschaft Me!einschaft is a sense of e>%erience associated with self and society rooted in therural, s!all co!!unity, and -inshi%based life of the %ast

Gender L how a rou% of %eo%le, co!!unity, or society sociali9es (trains" its bioloically born !ales,

fe!ales, and variations thereof to socially beco!e either a !an (!asculine", wo!an (fe!inine", orvariations thereof


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Gesellschaft Mesellschaft, by contrast, finds its clearest e>%ression in a sense of self and society

located within the lare co!!ercial world of today8s lare, anony!ous cities

Institution L concrete or abstract entity that enerates uidelines for nor!s, values, and beliefs, thatthen uide hu!an behavior

Norms L co!!on uidelines for behavior

6ppression L a relationshi% of do!ination and subordination in which the do!inant rou% benefits

fro! the syste!atic abuse, e>%loitation, and in:ustice directed at a subordinate rou%.

;oer L the ability to invo-e action in another hu!an bein or in an ani!al.

Roles L the dyna!ic enact!ent of our status and identity, as well as the sets of rules and e>%ectations

that are attached to a social %osition

Socialiation L the %rocess of social interaction by which %eo%le learn the way of life of their societyand where they learn their s%ecific roles

Social myth L a story told, that is enerated and re%licated in the social, and that is either true or not.This story then uides nor!s, values, beliefs, and %hysioloical events.

Status L the socially defined %osition a %erson occu%ies in society or the social structure.

Stratification L a syste! by which %eo%le in society ran- and create cateories of %eo%le in a hierarchy

>alues L so!ethin we cherish to be desirable. Nalue state!ents are enerally :ud!ents to which

so!ethin is either ood or bad.

1hree Sociological ;erspecti9esStructural Functionalism$ Symbolic Interaction$ and 2onflict ;erspecti9e@

2reated by Dr7 Dorothy E9erts and prepared by 2hris Stipp

Structural Functionalism orld-9ie assumptions@

"hat are their #eliefs$

elieves that sudden social chane is %otentially har!ful

elieves that society is held toether throuh consensual aree!ent a!on social !e!bers

elieves that there are certain :obs that need to be done in a society, and that it is i!%ortant to insure

that they et doneelieves in the interde%endence of social institutions

elieves that society is li-e an oranis! whose se%arate orans %erfor! different but necessary

activities


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elieves that an individuals role %erfor!ances consist !erely ste%%in into roles, ready!ade

situations, and %erfor!in behaviors %reviously defined by institutions

elieves that stratification %rovides rewards for tas-s reuirin reat res%onsibility and

%re%aration, while %rovidin !otivation for u%ward !obility for those not rewardedelieves that hue social forces, not individuals, have %ower over hu!an lives and hu!an action

"hat do they focus on$

7ocuses on social ele!ents that contribute har!ony, stability, and euilibriu! to a social syste!

7ocuses on the roles a society creates for %eo%le throuh institutions

"hat are their values$

Nalues !aintainin the status uo of the social syste!

Nalues tradition as i!%ortant source of direction for hu!an actions

"hat it is or what it does$

s-s how different ele!ents of society are interated

De%icts society in relatively static ter!s'oncerned with !aintainin social order

ssu!es that everyone has eual access to social resources and that everyone is startin fro! the sa!e

%lace in the social structure (i.e., that society %rovides an *even %layin field+"The %oor shall always be with us.

The fa!ily that %rays toether, stays toether.

2onflict ;erspecti9e orld-9ie assumptions@

%ower


elieves that the social syste! o%erates under conditions of %er%etual scarcity of societal

resources

elieves that to brin about beneficial social arrane!ents, a chane is inevitable, even desirableelieves that a rulin elite en:oys sufficient %ower to transfor! its %references for behavior (values"

into o%eratin rules for other rou%s

elieves that social unity is an illusion based on coercionelieves that rulin rou%s not only have %ri!ary access to social resources but also controls other

rou%s access to these resources

"hat do they ask$

s-s, for any iven social situation, who has the %ower

s-s who benefits fro! e>istin social arrane!ents


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s-s how so!e rou%s acuire %ower, do!inate other rou%s, and i!%ose their will on others in

hu!an affairs

"hat do they look at or see$

7ocuses on how society distributes %eo%le a!on various roles it has created for the!

7ocuses on dissent a!on s!all rou%sSees !any e>istin social arrane!ents as neither necessary nor :ustified

"hat are they concerned with$

'oncerned with who wins and who loses fro! the way society is orani9ed

'oncerned with identifyin4definin *victi!s+ in society

"hat do they say$

bsolute %ower corru%ts absolutely.Reliion is the o%iate of the !asses.

$oints out that every society has resources4rewards available for its !e!bers and that these rewards are

%olitical, econo!ic, and socialThe 7a!ily is the !odel for all tyranny.

Symbolic Interaction orld-9ie assumptions@

!ore than conflict study the lanuae

lanuae of social institutions that wor- toether


elieves that %eo%le are res%onsible for their own !eanins, e!otions, and behaviors

elieves that we e>%erience the world as constructed reality

elieves that individuals actively atte!%t to *!anae+ the i!%ressions %eo%le have of the!elieves that if %eo%le define situations as real, the situations are real in their conseuences

elieves that %eo%le e>hibit a reat deal of freedo! and creativity as they enact different social roles

elieves that a %ersons selfconce%t can only be develo%ed throuh co!!unication with other hu!anselieves that individuals in their daytoday behavior do not feel the need to e>%lain their actions to

the!selves and others until challened to do so

elieves that hu!ans always have choiceselieves hu!ans have an infinite ca%acity to transfor! social reality

elieves that hu!ans construct new social roles when e>istin roles do not !eet their needs

"hat do they focus on$


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7ocuses attention on the nonrational nature of hu!an behavior

7ocuses on the way %eo%le inter%ret their social roles

7ocuses on the !eanins individuals attach to hu!an events and relationshi%s

"hat do they say or think a#out$

s-s how everyday behavior su%%orts, !odifies, or refutes social definitions of reality6!%hasi9es the %rocesses of chane that continually transfor! social life

'oncerned with how %eo%les definition of the situation affects their behavior

Sees social life as theater and role enact!ents as %erfor!ances consistin of front stae behaviorsadherin to *scri%ts+ constructed and revised by individual actors

"hat do they study$

Studies how %eo%le use sy!bols to construct reality

Studies %rocesses of sociali9ation and hu!an develo%!ent by analy9in social situations and

co!!unication %rocesses

Kur %ers%ective hel%s deter!ine the uestions we as- and by the ty%e of uestions we as- ives us the

answer. Guides uestions then uides answers.

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Soc Review 2