Skills in Biology - Wikispaces Biology AS: Skills in Biology Objective measurement: ... Enzymes: Enzyme-substrate ... Processes Across Exchange Surfaces

AQA Biology AS: Glossary Worksheets

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Skills in Biology

Accuracy:

ANOVA:

Assumptions:

Bar and column graph:

Bibliography:

Biological drawings:

Chi-squared test:

Citing sources:

Compare:

Conclusion:

Contrast:

Control:

Controlled variable:

Correlation:


AQA Biology AS: Skills in Biology

Critically evaluate:

Data collection:

Data value:

Data:

Datalogger:

Define:

Dependent variable:

Describe:

Descriptive statistic:

Discuss:

Evaluate:

Experiment:

Explain:

Frequency histogram:

Graphs:

Histogram:



Hypothesis:

Identify:

Illustrate:

Independent variable:

Introduction:

Investigation:

Kite graph:

Line graph:

Line of best fit:

List:

Measurement error:

Median:

Method:

Mode:

Negative correlation:

Null hypothesis:



Objective measurement:

Observation:

Outline:

Parameter:

Pie graph:

Pilot study:

Positive correlation:

Precision:

Prediction:

Qualititative:

Quantitative:

Random sample:

Range:

Raw data:

Repeat:

Replicate:


Resolution:

Results:

Sample size:

Sampling unit:

Scatter diagram:

Scientific method:

Semi-quantitative:

SI units:

Significant figures:

Sources of error:

Standard deviation:

State:

Statistic:

Statistical significance:

Suggest:

Summarise:



Systematically record:

Tables:

Transformed data:

Treatments:

Trend:

Validity:

Variable:

Variance:

x axis:

y axis:




Macromolecules and Human Digestion

Absorption:

Activation energy:

Active site:

Adsorption:

Allosteric inhibitor:

Amino acid:

Anabolism:

Anus:

Appendix:

Assimilation:

Autonomic nervous system:

Benedict's test:

Bile:

Biochemical tests:


AQA Biology AS: Macromolecules & Human Digestion

Biological catalyst:

Biuret test:

Blood vessels:

Bolus:

Caecum:

Carbohydrate:

Catabolism:

Catalyst:

Cellulose:

Cholecystokinin:

Chromatography:

Chyme:

Coenzyme:

Cofactor:

Colon:

Competitive inhibition:



Condensation reactions:

Denaturation:

Disaccharide:

Digestion:

Dipeptides:

Egestion:

Emulsion test:

Endergonic:

Enzyme-product complex:

Enzymes:

Enzyme-substrate complex:

Epithelial cells:

Essential amino acids:

Exergonic:

Gastrin:

Glycogen:



Heavy metals:

Hepatic portal system:

Hydrolysis:

Induced fit:

Intestinal glands:

Intestinal villi:

Iodine test:

Isomerism:

Large intestine:

Lock and key model:

Lymph vessels:

Mastication:

Metabolism:

Microvilli:

Monosaccaride:

Mucous cells:


Non-competitive inhibition:

Non-reducing sugars:

Pancreatic juice:

Pancreozymin:

Parasympathetic stimulation:

Peptide bonds:

Peristalsis:

Polypeptides:

Polysaccaride:

Primary structure:

Quaternary structure:

Rectum:

Reducing sugars:

Satiety centre:

Secondary structure:

Secretin:



Small intestine:

Specificity:

Starch:

Stomach:

Substrate:

Tertiary structure:

Vagus nerve:




Cell Structure and Function

Bacilli:

Bacterial cell:

Bacterial chromosome:

Bacterial conjugation:

Binocular:

Capsule:

Cell fractionation:

Cell wall:

Cell:

Centriole:

Chief cells:

Cocci:

Compound microscope:

Cytoplasm:


Density gradient centrifugation:

Desmosomes:

Electron microscope:

Endoplasmic reticulum:

Eukaryote:

Fimbriae:

Flagella:

Gastric glands:

Gastric pits:

Generalised cell:

Glycocalyx:

Goblet cells:

Golgi apparatus:

Gram stain:

Intestinal epithelial cell:

Intestinal glands:

AQA Biology AS: Cell Structure & Function



Location:

Lysozyme:

Magnification:

Microvilli:

Mitochondria:

Mounting:

Mucous cells:

Nucleolus:

Nucleus:

Optical microscope:

Organelle:

Parietal cells:

Peptidoglycan:

Plasma membrane:

Plasmid:

Prokaryote:


Relative size:

Resolution:

Ribosome:

Scanning electron microscopy:

Sectioning:

Sex pilus:

Spirilla:

Staining:

Stains:

Stereo light microscope:

Temporary mount:

Transmission electron microscopy:

Ultracentrifugation:

Ultramicrotome:

Vacuole:

Vibrio:




Processes Across Exchange Surfaces

Active transport:

Autolysis:

Cell division:

Cellular respiration:

Cholera bacterium:

Cholesterol:

Concentration gradient:

Condensation:

Contransport:

Cytosis:

Diffusion:

Emulsion test:

Endocytosis:

Ester bonds:


AQA Biology AS: Processes Across Exchange Surfaces

Exocytosis:

Facilitated diffusion:

Fats:

Fick's law:

Flaccid:

Fluid-mosaic model:

Golgi apparatus:

Hypertonic:

Ion-exchange pump:

Hypotonic:

Isotonic:

Lipid bilayer:

Macromolecules:

Metabolism:

Mitochondria:

Neutral fat:



Nuclear membrane:

Oils:

Oral rehydration solution:

Osmosis:

Passive transport:

Phagocytosis:

Phospholipid:

Photosynthesis:

Pinocytosis:

Plasma membrane:

Plasmolysis:

Pressure potential:

Prokaryotic cells:

Protein synthesis:

Proteins:

Proton pump:


Saturated fatty acid:

Secretion:

Sodium-potassium pump:

Steroid:

Triglyceride:

Turgor:

Unsaturated fatty acid:

Water potential:

Waxes:




Gas Exchange at the Lungs

Alveoli:

Alveolus:

Asbestosis:

Asthma:

Breathing rate:

Breathing:

Bronchi:

Bronchiole:

Cartilage:

Cellular respiration:

Cilia:

Ciliated epithelium:

Diaphragm:

Diffusion:


AQA Biology AS: Gas Exchange at the Lungs

Elastic fibres:

Emphysema:

Expiration:

Fibrosis:

Fick’s Law:

Gas exchange surfaces:

Gas exchange:

Goblet cells:

Haemoglobin:

Inspiration:

Intercostal muscles:

Lung cancer:

Lung capillary:

Lungs:

Mitochondria:

Myoglobin:


AQA Biology AS: Gas Exchange at the Lungs

Nicotine:

Occupational lung diseases:

Passive smoking:

Pleural membranes:

Pulmonary ventilation rate:

Pulmonary ventilation:

Respiratory gases:

Respiratory membrane:

Silicosis:

Smooth muscle cells:

Spirometer:

Surfactant:

Tidal volume:

Trachea:

Tuberculosis:

Vital capacity:



The Human Heart

Aorta:

Aortic aneurysm:

Aortic reflex:

Atherosclerosis:

Atria:

Atrial systole:

Atrioventricular node:

Atrioventricular valves:

Autonomic nervous system:

Bainbridge reflex:

Bicuspid valve:

Blood volume:

Bundle of His:

Cardiac cycle:


AQA Biology AS: The Human Heart

Cardiac output:

Cardiovascular disease:

Carotid reflex:

Chordae tendinae:

Coronary artery:

Coronary heart disease:

Diastole:

Electrocardiogram (ECG):

Endurance:

Heart rate:

Hypertension:

Intrinsic heart rate:

Lubb-dupp:

Mediastinum:

Myocardial infarction:

Myogenic:



Pacemaker:

Parasympathetic nervous stimulation:

Pericardium:

Plaques:

Pulmonary artery:

Pulse:

Purkinje fibres:

Recovery:

Resting systolic blood pressure:

Risk factors:

Semilunar valves:

Septum:

Sinoatrial node:

Stroke volume:

Sympathetic nervous stimulation:

Systole:


Tricuspid valve:

Valve defects:

Vena cava:

Venous return:

Ventricle:

Ventricular systole:




Immunology

ABO blood group system:

Acellular vaccine:

Active immunity:

Adjuvants:

Agglutination:

Antibodies:

Antigen:

Antigenic drifts:

Antigenic variability:

Artificially acquired immunity:

Attenuated viruses:

Autoimmune disorder:

B lymphocyte:

Basophil:


AQA Biology AS: Immunology

Blood groups:

Blood transfusion:

Cell-mediated immune response:

Cell-mediated immunity:

Chill:

Clonal selection:

Clotting:

Complement:

Conjugated vaccine:

Cytotoxic T cells:

Diagnostic medicine:

Eosinophil:

Epidemic:

Epidemiology:

Erythrocyte:

Fever:



Fibrin:

Fibrinogen:

Granulocyte:

Haemostasis:

Helper T cells:

Herd immunity:

Human chorionic gonadotropin:

Humoral immune response:

Humoral immunity:

Immune response:

Immunisation:

Immunoglobulin:

Immunological memory:

Inactivated vaccine:

Incidence:

Inflammation:



Inflammatory response:

Influenza:

Innate resistance:

Interferon:

Interluekin-1:

Leucocyte:

Live vaccine:

Lymphatic system:

Lymphocyte:

Macrophage:

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC):

Memory cells:

Metabolism:

Monoclonal antibodies:

Monocyte:

Naturally acquired immunity:


Neutrophil:

Non-specific defence mechanism:

Non-specific resistance:

Outbreak:

Pandemic:

Passive immunity:

Phagocyte:

Phagocytosis:

Plasma:

Platelet:

Prevalence:

Primary response:

Prothrombin:

Recombinant DNA technology:

Recombinant vaccine:

Resistance:



Rh blood group system:

Secondary response:

Self tolerance:

Self-recognition:

Specific resistance:

Specificity:

Subunit vaccine:

Susceptibility:

T cells:

T lymphocyte:

Thrombin:

Thymus:

Toxoid:

Vaccination:

Whole agent vaccine:




The Role of DNA

ATP:

Allele:

Aneuploidy:

Antiparallel strands:

Base pairing rule:

Base:

Bivalents:

Centromere:

Chiasmata:

Chromatid:

Chromatin:

Chromosome mutation:

Chromosome:

Coding strand:


AQA Biology AS: The Role of DNA

Codon:

Condensation:

Conjugation:

Crossing over:

Degeneracy:

Degenerate:

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA):

Deoxyribose:

Diploid:

DNA replication:

Double helix model:

Exons:

Gamete:

Gene mutation:

Gene:

Genetic code:



Genetic map:

Genome:

Haploid:

Homologous chromosome:

Hydrogen bonding:

Hydrogen bonds:

Hydrolysis:

Independent assortment:

Introns:

Kilobase:

Meiosis:

Metaphase plate:

Non-disjunction:

Non-overlapping:

Nucleic acid:

Nucleoid:


Nucleotide:

One gene-one polypeptide hypothesis:

Phosphate:

Plasmid:

Polynucleotide:

Purine:

Pyrimidine:

Recombination:

Ribonucleic acid (RNA):

Ribose:

Sugar:

Synapsis:

Template strand:

Transcription unit:

Triplet:

Universal nature:




Variety and Complexity

Allele:

Breed:

Chance:

Fixation of alleles:

Fixed:

Founder effect:

Genetic bottleneck effect:

Genetic diversity:

Genetic drift:

Genetic gain:

Homozygosity:

Inbreeding:

Intraspecific variation:

Line-breeding:


AQA Biology AS: Variety and Complexity

Lost:

Out-crossing:

Phenotype:

Random sampling:

Seed bank:

Selective breeding:



Biochemical & Cellular Diversity

Ageing:

Anaphase:

Benign tumour:

Budding:

Carcinogen:

Cell cycle:

Cell specialisation:

Cell wall:

Cellulose cell wall:

Cellular differentiation:

Cellulose:

Centromere:

Chloroplast:

Chromatid:


AQA Biology AS: Biochemical & Cellular Diversity

Collenchyma:

Complex tissue:

Connective tissue:

Controllable risk factor:

Cytokinesis:

Daughter nuclei:

Dermal system:

Differentiation:

DNA gyrase:

DNA helicase:

DNA polymerase:

DNA replication:

Epithelial tissues:

Genetic predisposition:

Ground tissue:

Growth:



Haemoglobin:

Histology:

Homologous chromosome:

Interphase:

Lagging strand:

Leading strand:

Malignant:

Meiosis:

Meristematic:

Metaphase:

Metastasis:

Mitosis:

Muscle tissue:

Nervous tissue:

Oncogene:

Oxygen transport:


Palisade cell:

Parenchyma tissue:

Prophase:

Replication fork:

Respiratory pigment:

Reversible binding:

Sclerenchyma:

Simple tissue:

Telophase:

Tissue:

Trichome:

Uncontrollable risk factor:

Vascular tissue:




Adaptation and Specialisation

Apoplast:

Arteries:

Arterioles:

Blood vessel:

Body surface:

Capillaries:

Circulatory route:

Closed circulatory system:

Cohesion-tension:

Countercurrent exchange:

Dicotyledonous plants:

Diffusion:

Endodermis:

Expiration:


AQA Biology AS: Adaptation & Specialisation

Gas exchange:

Gills:

Halophyte:

Inspiration:

Lungs:

Lymphatic system:

Mammalian circulation:

Mass transport:

Mesophyll:

Osmosis:

Parallel current flow:

Phloem:

Plasma membrane:

Plastron:

Potometer:

Primary root:



Pulmonary system:

Respiratory gases:

Root hairs:

Root pressure:

Single circuit system:

Stomata:

Surface area : volume ratio (SA:V):

Symplast:

Symplastic route:

Systemic circulation:

Terrestrial insect:

Tissue fluid:

Tracheal gills:

Tracheal tube:

Transpiration stream:

Transpiration:


Tunica externa:

Tunica intima:

Tunica media:

Vacuolar pathway:

Vasodilation:

Vasoconstriction:

Veins:

Venule:

Water potential:

Xeromorphic adaptation:

Xerophyte:

Xylem:




Classification and Evidence of Phylogeny

Amino acid sequences:

Animalia:

Archaea:

Binomial nomenclature:

Biochemical evidence:

Cladistics:

Class:

Classical evolutionary taxonomy:

Common ancestor:

Common name:

Courtship behaviours:

Distinguishing feature:

DNA hyridisation:

DNA:


Eubacteria:

Eukarya:

Family:

Five kingdom classification system:

Fungi:

Genus:

Homologies:

Immunological proteins:

Immunological studies:

Kingdom:

Molecular clock:

Molecular evidence:

Morphological characters:

Order:

Phylogeny:

Phylum:

AQA Biology AS: Classification & Evidence of Phylogeny


Plantae:

Prezygotic:

Prokaryotae:

Protoctista:

Shared derived characters:

Six kingdom classification system:

Species:

Taxa:

Taxonomic categories:

Taxonomy:

AQA Biology AS: Classification & Evidence of Phylogeny



Evolution and Biodiversity

Agriculture:

Antibiotic resistance:

Antibiotics:

Antimicrobial:

Bactericidal:

Bacteriostatic:

Biodiversity hotspots:

Biodiversity:

Biotic indices:

Broad-spectrum drugs:

Cell wall:

Conjugation:

Deforestation:

Diversity index:


Diversity:

DNA mutation:

Ecosystem diversity:

Endemism:

Genetic diversity:

Habitat diversity:

Habitat:

Hedgerow legislation:

Horizontal gene transmission:

Indicator species:

Keystone species:

Methicillin:

MRSA:

Opportunistic pathogens:

Random sampling:

Resilience:

AQA Biology AS: Evolution & Biodiversity


Resistance:

Selective toxicity:

Simpson’s index:

Species diversity:

Species evenness:

Species richness:

Species:

Spectrum of activity:

Stability:

Vertical gene transfer:

AQA Biology AS: Evolution & Biodiversity

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Skills in Biology - Wikispaces Biology AS: Skills in Biology Objective measurement: ... Enzymes: Enzyme-substrate ... Processes Across Exchange Surfaces