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What is the Louisiana Purchase?

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This was bought from France for $15 million during Thomas Jefferson’s presidency, and it doubled the physical area of the United States.

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Who is Thomas Jefferson?

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This president decreased the physical size of the government and lowered taxes. He was generally popular with his people, but he failed to ease tension with Britain and France, ultimately bringing the nation closer to war.

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In the Supreme Court case of Marbury v. Madison, justice ____________ set a precedent for the power of the Supreme Court to conduct ____________ and rule on the constitutionality of congressional actions.

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John Marshall, judicial review

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Which of the following was not publicly cited by the War Hawks as a justification for war?    a.British impressment of American sailors    b.British failure to recognize neutrality    c.The need for expansion into Canada     d.Commercial interests of New England

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C

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 During his presidency, how did Thomas Jefferson stay true to his Republican ideals and how did he deviate from them?

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In general, Jefferson had an informal leadership style and seemed to embody republicanism.  As he had promised during his campaign, Jefferson repealed the Federalists’ Alien and Sedition Acts and greatly reduced the physical size of the government, especially the military.  He also repealed all direct taxes and made the government dependent on customs revenue instead.      On the other hand, the Louisiana Purchase was one instance where Jefferson’s Republican conviction seemed to waver.  Firstly, the president himself believed it was probably unconstitutional to purchase the land, but he went through with it anyway.  Many congressmen criticized his plan for the governing of the new territories, calling it autocratic and un-democratic.  Jefferson and his party also ignored constitutionality when they attempted to dismiss federal judges without trial and when Jefferson appropriated funds for the Lewis & Clark expedition.  Finally, Jefferson’s approach to the economy was not as laissez-faire as he previously said it would be.  The Embargo Act greatly limited the American economy and allowed the government to supervise all trade very closely.

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What is the cotton gin?

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1793 invention that transformed the economy of the South.

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What is the "American system"?

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Henry Clay's proposed economic plan for protective tariffs and financial internal improvements.

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What is the Adams-Onis Treaty (or the Transcontinental Treaty of 1819)?

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The treaty with Spain, signed by John Quincy Adams, that gave Florida to the U.S.

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Who is Robert Fulton?

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 Inventor of the steamboat.

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What is McCulloch v. Maryland?

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The Supreme Court ruling that declared Congress's right to create a national bank, after a state tried to impose a tax on the Second Bank of the U.S.

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What occurred during the Nullification Crisis?

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 A South Carolina State Convention decided to refuse to pay a federal tariff. The Federal Government responded to it with the Force Bill.

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What were Andrew Jackson’s beliefs?

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He believed in equal opportunity for all white men. He disapproved of undemocratic hereditary privilege, Indians, and the National Bank

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In the election of 1832, Henry Clay ran supporting ___________'s position, which endorsed the National Bank.

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Nicholas Biddle

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Which of the following was not part of the Whigs party?a.Republicansb.Loco-Focosc.Anti-Masonic Partyd.Ex-Federalists

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B

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Why and in what ways was Jackson considered to be the leading figure in the democratic push of the 1820s?

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Jackson was considered to be the common, everyday man's candidate, so in this way he appealed to the general majority of people, helping make democracy more and more appealing to the normal person. A democrat was thought of by most as a "normal man" and Jackson embodied this perfectly. Jackson's lack of education really helped show that he was a terrific representative for the entire South and West, gaining him large amounts of popularity during the democratic movement. Also, the other potential leader of this cause was John Quincy Adams, who was seen as an "overeducated aristocrat", pretty much making him the opposite of what most people thought of as a democrat.

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What was the Seneca Falls Convention?

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In 1848, the Seneca Falls Convention convened to spur the women’s rights movement.  Prompted by the abolition movement, women including Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Stanton, a leader in the women’s rights movement, came together for the Declaration of Sentiments and the beginning of the women’s rights movement.

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Who was Charles G. Finney?

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Presbyterian evangelist who led the most dramatic/successful revival in Rochester, NY. Preached every man and woman had the power to choose Christ and a godly life. Broke church’s traditional belief of predestination. Held daily prayer meetings and put intense pressure on those who had not experienced salvation. Focused on religious conversion and moral uplift of individuals. His influence resulted in the doubling of church membership during his stay.

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The _________ believed in sexual equality.  They led simple lives without the outside world and performed dance-like ceremonies.

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The Shakers

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Who founded the American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society?a)Theodore Dwight Weldb)Lewis Tappanc)William Lloyd Garrisond)Charles Finney

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B: After Garrison’s radical ideas for abolition split the American Anti-Slavery Society, Tappan founded the American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society.  Though it wasn’t nearly as successful, it weakened Garrison and his organization.

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How did the Second Great Awakening differ between the North and the South? Use specific examples to support your answer.

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In the South and lower Midwest, camp meetings became a regular feature of religious life. They met religious as well as social needs while providing an emotional outlet for rural people. The meetings were run primarily by Methodists or Baptists, although sometimes by Presbyterians. Camp meetings were the only way for people on the frontier to get baptized, married, or have a communal religious experience. They also promoted a sense of community and social discipline. Conversions (usually from antisocial behavior such as drinking) were common results of the meetings. As local evangelical churches became more popular and camp meetings were deemphasized, church membership (especially Baptist and Methodist) grew rapidly as well as the influence in community life. The churches discouraged social reform.

In the North, evangelists were mostly Congregationalists and Presbyterians strongly influenced by New England Puritan traditions. Their successes were in small to medium sized towns and cities rather than rural/frontier areas. Their revivals were much less emotional than in the South and more focused on social reform. Evangelism in the North resulted in formation of societies devoted to the redemption of the human race in general and American society specifically. A younger generation of Congregational ministers reformed Calvinism into a new evangelical Calvinism that deemphasized the idea of predestination by contending that every individual was a free agent who had the ability to overcome a natural inclination to sin. Strong radical reform was led mostly in Rochester, New York by Charles G. Finney who sought instantaneous conversion, which sparked dispute between evangelicals who saw his emotional conversion methods as disturbing.

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What is Manifest Destiny?

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It was a belief that the U.S. was the most perfect country in the world and that God wanted the U.S. to continue expanding.  By doing so, the less fortunate people in the Western hemisphere could enjoy the blessing of a democratic institution

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Who was James K. Polk?

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He was a democratic president from Tennessee who was very dedicated to his work.  During his presidency, he lowered tariffs, re-established the independent Treasury, and obtained Oregon and California.  He supported Young America, Manifest Destiny and obtained Oregon and annexed Texas.  He was one of the most successful one-term presidents in U.S. history.   He had a 4-point program (achieved in less than four years), which was, lowering the tariff of 1842 from 32% to 25% (Walker Tariff, 1846), restoration of the Independent Treasury System (1846), acquisition of California, and settlement of the Oregon dispute.  He was important because he represented of the values of the era and further developed the ideas of the time period. 

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The ________________________ treaty gave over one half of the disputed territory between Canada and the U.S. and established solid borders with Canada. 

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Webster-Ashburton Treaty

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All of the following contributed to the conflict between Mexico’s government and settlers in Texas in the early 1830s EXCEPTa. The collection of import dutiesb. The support for annexation by John Tyler and James Polkc.  Mexico’s decision to abolish slavery in its territoryd.  Mexico’s law requiring acceptance of the Catholic faithe. The coming of power of General Santa Anna

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B

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How did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo show the idea of Manifest Destiny (keep in mind O’Sullivan’s points)?     

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In the treaty, Mexico succeeded New Mexico, Arizona, California, Utah and Nevada for $15 million and established borders with the US. This shows the idea of Manifest Destiny because the US obtained a vast amount of territory (500,000 square miles) that they thought they deserved because of the three points of John O’Sullivan. These points were as follows: God supported American expansionism, free development led to more American freedom and America needed more land because of population growth in order to prevent a class system. 

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What were the advantages and disadvantages of using short staple cotton?

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Made slavery much more profitable & abundant. Better than the original long-staple cotton, it could be grown almost anywhere south of Virginia and Kentucky. However, its bolls had seeds that were harder to extract by hand than long staple cotton, but the cotton gin resolved this difficulty.

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Who was Nat Turner?

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An escaped slave who led a huge antislavery rebellion. Claimed that his orders to rebel against slavery came from God. Killed over 60 whites. All rebels and slaves suspected complicit all executed.

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_____________ was a prominent white ___________ who wrote the abolitionist paper ___________ who then became the voice of the abolitionist crusade. Another man who joined in the abolitionist crusade was __________ , an escaped slave turned eloquent orator and writer.

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William Llyod Garrison, abolitionist, the Liberator, Frederick Douglass

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The majority of the Southern population were yeomen that...    a.    Supported large plantation owners with large slave societies     b. Contributed to Jacksonian democrats who opposed slavery    c. Opposed both Northern abolitionists and large plantation owners    d. Lived in the backcountry and didn’t care if slavery was in place or not    e. None of the above

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C

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Explain the role and importance of slave religion and family.    

$500The most important part of the developing African American Culture was Black Christianity. The Slave religion was kept secret from the whites. They meet at night to reaffirm the joy of life and to preach about the day slaves will be free. These churches were highly emotional with a lot of singing and dancing. Much of it was an adaptation of African religious beliefs and customs. This “invisible institution” allowed African Americans a chance to create and control a world of their own. It also helped create a sense of community.    African American family was an extremely important and strong institution for slaves. Most slave families split up, but individuals far from home were “adopted” into new kinship networks without prejudice. Kinship provided a model for personal relationships and the basis for a sense of community. After emancipation the African American culture would combine with the tradition of open protest that was created by slaves and abolitionists to inspire struggles for equality. Overall, slave religion and family played a huge role in not only in developing the African American Culture but also giving the slaves hope for freedom. It also made the slaves feel as though they were members of a community, not just a collection of individuals victimized by oppressors.