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What was the encomienda system?

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A system in which a monarch gave grants of land and Native Americans to Spaniards. The Native Americans provided labor.  Profits went to the Spanish masters, who were supposed to care for the workers, but exploited them instead.

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Who was John Winthrop?

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The governor of Massachusetts Bay and a Puritan

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The ____, also known as _____ , were a group of Puritans who didn’t want to reform the Church of England, but wanted to organize a separate church.

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Pilgrims. Separatists

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What was the main force driving people to colonies on the North American Atlantic Coast? A)MoneyB) Escape enslavementC) Escape marriageD) ReligionE) Work

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D

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How did the colonists start to develop government? What made them develop the type of government they did?  

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With the Mayflower Compact, the Pilgrims vowed to make decisions based on the majority’s interests.  This compact was one of the earliest forms of a written constitution which established the powers and duties of government.  Virginia also made the House of Burgess in 1619, which was the first representative assembly. The Massachusetts Bay Colony allowed free white male Puritans to vote in elections.  The English allowed to colonists some self-rule, and the from England the colonists brought the ideas of independence and representative government.

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What is Bacon’s Rebellion?

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A rebellion that began as a disagreement over access to a fur trade license that escalated due to a Governor’s limited response to an Indian attack and the subsequent creation of a volunteer army to combat all types on Indians. Purpose of rebellion shifted to the rebels wanting to display their discontent with the Governor’s ruling and their want of reform. Ended with the death of the leader of the rebels due to illness.

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Who is Edmund Andros?

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He arrived in 1686 as the governor of the Dominion of New England by James II. He abolished elective assemblies, enforced the Navigation Acts rigorously, collected taxes not approved by the population, and backed the courts with supporters who hated New Englanders. During the Glorious Revolution in the Bay Colony he was overthrown by colonists unanimously and jailed without violence.

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In New England, the population boomed because of ___________________, but in the Chesapeake colonies was much more stagnant due to 1)_______________, 2)_____________, and 3)______________.

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High life expectancy1)Causes of death (malaria, disease, salt in drinking water), 2)6:1 male to female ration, 3)indentured servitude (cut into prime time to form a family), and/or low life expectancy?

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Which option is not a characteristic or idea of the Mercantilist System?a.World’s wealth is a fixed supplyb.Export more goods than you importc.Strict, uniform doctrine that clearly sets out economic standardsd. Colonies were deemed important due to their natural resources for its success

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C

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Discuss the facets of the Navigation Acts. Why did they come about? What were their effects?

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-Navigation Act of 1660 said that 1) no ship could trade in colonies unless it was constructed in England or America and had a crew at least 75% English (counting Colonists), and 2) goods such as tobacco, sugar, cotton, ect. that were not produced in England could only be transported from the colonies to England or another colonial port-Staple Act of 1663 said nothing could be imported into America that wasn’t first transshiped through England-Navigation Act of 1673 established a plantation duty or customs on the enumerated goods-In response to wars with Dutch. England recognized that the economic strength of the colonies were growing and wanted to take advantage.-Effects: took business away from Dutch (with time), England established Lords of Trade (replaced with the Board of Trade), created imperial legislation in 1696, and benefited England’s accumulation of wealth.-Most importantly, it caused a dependence on goods from England because they were the sole legal source of goods.

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Name the plan set forth by the British, that was a proposed colonial government and involved elected colonial officials and way to govern the colonies by colonists.

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The Albany Plan

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This man was one of the leaders of the Great Awakening and a devout Calvinist from Connecticut, who preached how insignificant and sinful the American people are.

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John Edwards

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_________’s propaganda helped unite the colonists against the British because he appealed to the fight for independence through logic, like his most famous work _________

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Thomas Payne, Common Sense

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What did England gain as a result of the Seven Years War?A.Total control of Colonial portsB.The land West of the MississippiC.Canada, Florida, and all of the land east of the MississippiD.It forced the Spanish and the French out of North America

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C

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How did the Great Awakening change people’s perception of their place in Society?

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It told them to take charge of their lives and not allow themselves to be pushed around by the authority figures in their cities. It helped lead to the eventual uprising against the British in America and gave the colonists part of their rebellious spirit.

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What are the Coercive/Intolerable Acts?

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A series of acts which brought the Massachusetts government under direct British control, closed the port of Boston to trade, and required Boston residents to house British troops.

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Who was Thomas Paine?

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He published the pamphlet "Common Sense", urging colonists to declare independence from Britain.

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Opponents of British policies spread information and coordinated actions in communities throughout the colonies by forming________________.”

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Committees of Correspondence

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The British shifted to a southern strategy after 1778 because:a.they felt they could exploit slave unrest.b.they felt they could exploit loyalist support.c.they had been driven out of their beachheads in northern cities. d.the Continental Army was tied down defending the North.

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B

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In what ways did revolutionaries attempt to gain public support for declaring independence?

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Public speeches and rallies, like those of Patrick Henry, pamphlets, the publication of newspapers, and the formation of groups like the Sons of Liberty.

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Define “republicanism.”

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The political culture of a newly independent America. It emphasized a government led by the people, and not a king. This new spirit of republican ideals led to Americans questioning their traditional social order and identity.

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Describe the effect James Madison had on the growth of young America.

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Madison was one of the masterminds behind the creation of the Constitution, pushing other leaders of the time to hold a top-secret meeting to discuss its creation, or at least a revision of the ineffective Articles of Confederation.  Not only did he initiate the push to create a constitution, but he also carefully and brilliantly manipulated the other delegates at the Philadelphia Convention to create a Constitution that worked the way he wanted it to, minus a few compromises to increase the documents appeal to delegates and state legislatures.  Madison was also one of the first Federalists, a major political party rising to the top later in American history.  His work with the Federalist party helped strengthen and centralize the power of the federal government, many of whose regulations were laid out in the Constitution.  Madison (along with other key figures like Alexander Hamilton and John Jay) also published a series of essays called The Federalist to help garner support for the new Constitution and lay the foundation for the Federalist rise to power.  

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________ gained strong ground during and after the revolution with them being able to _______ in 1 state and were allowed access to education and _________. They were eventually denied the right to _____ because it affected the election of _________.

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Women, vote, divorce, vote, public officials

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How did the people react to young America’s republican ideals?a)They approached them cautiously, trying to hold the ideas of the cause in mind, but also trying to keep with traditionsb)Dove into a new era where people militantly defended the ideals of Republicanismc)Rather apathetic towards the ideas, but happy with the increase in the quality of life. d)Defended the ideals, but were reproachful of the idea of universal white male suffrage.

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B

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To what extent did specific early decisions by leaders of the republic affect later social and political issues?

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Essential actions taken by key figures like Hamilton, Madison, and others helped shape the Constitution, which became the foundation of the country.  The work they did also laid crucial framework for political parties in the future, particularly the Federalists and Anti-Federalists/Republicans. Their contributions also influenced other countries, such as France, to undergo revolutions and adopt governments similar to the United States’ republican system. Due to the creation of a constitution, the idea of courts emerged as a major part of the government.  Before the constitution, however, the original Articles of Confederation were very ineffective at doing much of anything useful for the fledgling country. They did, however, distribute newly acquired land in the Northwest in a very efficient and organized manner, which would prove to be important down the road as a model for regulated westward

expansion. 

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What happened during the Whiskey Rebellion?

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Farmers in Pennsylvania that protested the payment of federal tax on whiskey. Suppressed by George Washington who called federal action of 15,000 troops. No bloodshed and helped establish Federal authority. Westerners, however condemned the act as an unwarranted use of force on the common people.

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Who was Alexander Hamilton and what were his views on government?

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Hamilton argued for a strong national government and central economic planning in the hands of the wealthy to ensure order in political and economic affairs. He wished to transform the United States into a self-sufficient industrial power,  pay off national debt at face value, the government assume war debts from the states, high tariffs on imports, create a national bank

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In 1797, French officials demanded a bribe from American peace commissioners before talks can begin. This event is commonly known as __________.

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The XYZ Affair

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The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions presented thata.states had the power to organize political partiesb.Congress had no power to legislate on questions of immigrationc.states could nullify acts of Congressd.Congress should consult the state be declaring ware. Constitution should be amended

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C

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Compare and contrast the views and actions of Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton while they were members of President Washington's cabinet.

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Washington's disliked political squabbling, as Americans began to divide into two camps: the Federalists, led by Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton, and the Republicans, led by Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson. These factions developed and advocated diverse, dynamic, and differing ideas and visions about the role and nature of government, society, economic policy, foreign affiliations, diplomacy, and interpretation of the Constitution. Hamilton argued for a strong national government and central economic planning in the hands of the wealthy to ensure order in political and economic affairs. Jefferson feared such a government would become oppressive, threatening states' rights and infringing upon individual liberty. Hamilton wished to transform the United States into a self-sufficient industrial power, while Jefferson hoped the nation would remain one of small, independent farmers.