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Section 12.1 Your Cardiovascular System
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I can…
Describe the main functions of the cardiovascular system.
Explain the pathway of blood through the heart.
Section 12.1 Your Cardiovascular System
Identify three types of blood vessels and the four components of blood.
Section 12.1 Your Cardiovascular System
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Fact or Fiction: Blood is blue in color when it is not carrying oxygen.
Fiction: Blood is bright red when it is carrying oxygen and dark red when it is not. Veins appear blue in some people because of the way light reflects from their skin.
Section 12.1 Your Cardiovascular System
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Functions of the Cardiovascular System
• The main functions of the cardiovascular system include
• delivering materials to cells• carrying wastes away
• In addition, blood contains cells that fight disease.
Section 12.1 Your Cardiovascular System
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• Think of your cardiovascular system as a network of blood vessels with two major loops.
The Heart
• The first loop leads from your heart to your lungs.
• Each time the heart beats, strong cardiac muscles push blood through the blood vessels.
• The second loop circles through to the rest of your body.
Section 12.1 Your Cardiovascular System
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• Each side of the heart has two chambers: an upper chamber called an atrium (plural, atria) and a lower chamber, or ventricle.
Structure of the Heart
• The atria receive blood entering the heart.
• Blood flows from the atria to the ventricles, which pump blood out of the heart.
Section 12.1 Your Cardiovascular System
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4) Right VentricleThe right ventricle pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.
3) Right AtriumThe right atrium receives blood from the body that is low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide.
The Heart
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1) Major vessel from upper body to heart
2) Vessels from lung to heart
5) The aorta carries blood from the left ventricle to the body.
6) Vessel from heart to lungs
7) Vessels from lung to heart
8) Left AtriumOxygen-rich blood is carried from the lungs to the left atrium.
9) Left VentricleThe left ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood from the heart.
Section 12.1 Your Cardiovascular System
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• The action of the heart has two main phases.
Your Heartbeat
• Average heart rate varies from one person to the next and from one situation to the next.
• In the first phase, the heart relaxes and the atria fill with blood.
• In the second phase, the heart contracts and pumps blood.
Section 12.1 Your Cardiovascular System
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Blood Vessels• Your heart pumps blood through an extensive
network of blood vessels.
• The three main types of blood vessels in your body are
• Arteries- carry blood away from the heart
• Capillaries- the smallest arteries• As blood flows through the capillaries, oxygen
and dissolved nutrients diffuse through the capillary walls and into your body’s cells.
• Veins- large, thin-walled blood vessels that carry blood to the heart
Section 12.1 Your Cardiovascular System
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Blood Vessels
Artery
Artery Cross Section
Smooth muscle
Section 12.1 Your Cardiovascular System
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Blood Vessels
Capillary
Capillary Cross Section
Single layer of cells
Vein
Layer of cells
Connective tissueSmooth muscle
Vein Cross Section
Section 12.1 Your Cardiovascular System
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Vocabulary
atrium An upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the rest of the body.
ventricle A lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood out of the heart.
pacemaker A small group of cells in the wall of the right atrium that controls the rate at which the heart muscles contract.
artery A thick-walled blood vessel that carries bloodaway from the heart.
capillary The smallest type of blood vessel in the body.
Section 12.1 Your Cardiovascular System
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Vocabulary
vein A large, thin-walled blood vessel that carries blood to the heart.
blood pressure The force with which blood pushes against the walls of blood vessels.
hypertension Blood pressure that is consistently 140/90 or greater.
plasma A liquid that makes up about 55 percent of the blood.
red blood cell A hemoglobin-containing cell that carries oxygen from the lungs to other parts of the body.
Section 12.1 Your Cardiovascular System
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Vocabulary
white blood cell A cell that helps protect the body from diseases and foreign substances.
platelet A cell fragment that plays an important role in the blood clotting process.
