Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1
CRUISE REPORT
S-248: SUMMER SEMESTER
SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN ABOARD THE
SSV ROBERT C. SEAMANS
Honolulu, HI - San Francisco, CA
1 July – 28 July 2013
Sea Education Association
Woods Hole, Massachusetts
2
Citation:
Goodwin, D.S., 2013. Final Report for S.E.A. Cruise S248. Sea Education Association, Woods Hole, MA
02543, USA. www.sea.edu.
To obtain unpublished data, contact the SEA Data Archivist: Dr. Erik Zettler
Sea Education Association
P.O. Box 6
Woods Hole, MA 02543
508-540-3954 or 800-552-3633 (phone)
508-457-4673 (fax)
[email protected] (email)
www.sea.edu (website)
3
Table of Contents
Table 1: Ship's company 4
Data Description 5
Figure 1: Final cruise track 5
Figure 2a: Surface water temperature, salinity, chlorophyll fluorescence &
transmissivity 6
Figure 2b: Surface wind vectors 7
Figure 2c: Surface water chlorophyll concentration, pH, & nitrate & phosphate
concentration 8
Figure 3: ADCP surface current vectors 9
Figure 4a: Hydrographic sections (temperature, salinity & density) 10
Figure 4b: Hydrographic sections (dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll fluorescence
& photosynthetically available radiation) 11
Figure 5: ADCP upper ocean current sections 12
Table 2: Summary of oceanographic sampling stations 13
Table 3: Surface station data 17
Table 4: Hydrocast station data 19
Table 5a: Neuston tow hydrographic data 24
Table 5b: Neuston tow biological data 25
Table 6a: Meter net hydrographic data 27
Table 6b: Meter net biological data 27
Table 7a: Zooplankton 100 count data 28
Table 7b: Zooplankton 100 count data (continued) 29
Table 8: Phytoplankton net data 31
Table 9: Temperature logger deployment data 31
Table 10: Visual survey data 32
Table 11: Student research projects 34
Student Research Project Abstracts 35
4
Table 1: S248 Ship's Company, SSV Robert C. Seamans
Nautical Staff & Faculty
Richard Miller Captain
Erin Bostrom Chief Mate
Rachel Greenough Second Mate
Mackenzie Haberman Third Mate
Ted Fleming Chief Engineer
David McGregor Assistant Engineer
Greg Moeller Steward
Becky Slattery Assistant Steward
Scientific Staff
Deb Goodwin Chief Scientist
Julia Twichell First Assistant Scientist
Michael (Mitch) Schrimpf Second Assistant Scientist
Laura Hansen Third Assistant Scientist
Students
Harrison Ainsworth Villanova University
Kristen Butler Stony Brook University
Brendan Casey Kenyon College
Kellie Corwin Boston College
Patricia Fontanet Northeastern University
Joshua Friedman Bowdoin College
Alfred Goodrich Oberlin College
Erin Hodge Boston College
Myya Jackson Dillard University
Rui Li University of Denver
Julia McDowell Cornell University
Schuyler Nardelli Bowdoin College
Irene Pasquale University of Vermont
Arden Pickoff-Rafferty Bard College at Simon’s Rock
Jillian Swinford Christopher Newport University
Aerin Thomson University of Massachusetts
Thomas Walters Sewanee: The University of the South
Erica White Roger Williams University
Victoria Wilson Tulane University
5
Data Description
During the S248 four-week passage from Honolulu, HI to Sausalito, CA (Figure 1), SSV Robert C. Seamans and
her crew transited several oceanographic provinces, the differences among which formed the basis for our
research program. From the warm, tropical waters of the Hawaiian Islands, we sailed north by east through the
North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. For nearly two weeks we traveled across and explored the cooler, saltier and
nutrient-poor waters of the central Pacific under low winds and moderately calm seas. Once north of 39°, we
entered the North Pacific Transition Zone to find cooler, foggy weather, mixed winds and higher biological
productivity. About ten days later, we reached the California Current and permitted its following seas to carry us
to San Francisco Bay.
Figure 1. Final cruise track for S248 based on hourly (local time) positions. The
voyage began in Honolulu, HI and ended in San Francisco, CA with no port stops.
Oceanographic data were collected along the entirety of the cruise track during 100 stations comprised of 173
individual deployments (summarized in Table 2; detailed in Tables 3 - 10) as well as related chemical analyses
for nutrients, extracted chlorophyll and pH (Figure 2c & Table 3). Furthermore, continuous surface water
measurements (sea surface temperature, salinity, in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence and transmissivity by the
ship's flow-through system; Figure 2a), water depth and sub-bottom profiles (CHIRP system; offline for a
portion of the voyage), upper ocean currents (ADCP; Figures 3 and 5), and meteorological data were gathered.
CTD casts with additional complementary instrumentation obtained vertical water column profiles of
temperature, salinity, chlorophyll fluorescence, CDOM fluorescence, dissolved oxygen and photosynthetically
available radiation (PAR; Figure 4). Lengthy CTD, CHIRP, ADCP and flow-through data are not fully
presented here; all unpublished data can be made available by arrangement with the SEA Data Archivist
(contact information, p. 2).
Data supported both ongoing SEA research projects and a diverse suite of student-designed investigations
(Table 11 and abstracts p. 35). Research topics ranged from distribution and abundance of marine pollution
(micro- and macroplastics as well as large marine debris) and their potential ecological impacts on halobates and
myctophids to seabird presence across the region, seawater pH and carbonate chemistry to pteropod shell
degradation, and phytoplankton community structure to air-sea heat fluxes. The resulting student manuscripts
are available upon request from Deb Goodwin, S248 Chief Scientist.
6
Figure 2a. Surface water temperature (°C), salinity (psu), chlorophyll fluorescence (volts) and
transmissivity (counts) for S248 as measured by flow through system sensors.
7
Figure 2b. Surface wind vectors (m/s) for S248. Wind speeds measured by an anemometer located at the top
of the foremast.
8
Figure 2c. Surface mixed layer chlorophyll concentration (ug/L), pH, and phosphate and nitrate
concentrations (uM) for S248 as measured by laboratory analyses on discrete surface station water
samples.
9
Figure 3. Surface current vectors (mm/s) for the S248 cruise track. Note that 500 mm/s is approximately 1.0
knot.
10
Figure 4a: Hydrographic along-track sections for S248. Oceanographic regions indicated below density
section apply to all plots.
Data obtained during hydrocast stations utilizing Seabird 19-plus profiler (CTDs S/N 4043).
11
Figure 4b: Hydrographic along-track sections for S248. Oceanographic regions indicated below density
section apply to all plots.
12
Figure 5: ADCP upper ocean current magnitude and direction along-track sections for S248. Note that
500 mm/s is approximately 1.0 knot. Oceanographic regions indicated below direction section apply to all plots.
13
Table 2: Summary of oceanographic sampling stations for S248.
Station
Number
(S248-)
Date Time
(Local)
Log
(nm)
Latitude
(deg N)
Longitude
(deg W) NT MN PN HC TL VS SS # General Locale
001 3-Jul-13 1330 21.71 -158.36 X Hawaiian Waters
002 3-Jul-13 1803 10.4 22.14 -158.43 X Hawaiian Waters
003 3-Jul-13 2354 37.9 22.56 -158.46 X 001 Hawaiian Waters
004 4-Jul-13 0814 87.7 23.15 -158.15 X N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 005 4-Jul-13 1055 104.4 23.36 -158.08 X X X X 002 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 006 4-Jul-13 1327 104.9 23.34 -158.12 X N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 007 4-Jul-13 1801 135.2 23.66 -157.76 X N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 008 4-Jul-13 2223 165.7 23.93 -157.40 X X 003 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 009 5-Jul-13 0803 232.7 24.42 -156.57 X N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 010 5-Jul-13 1112 256.5 24.51 -156.25 X X X X 004 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 011 5-Jul-13 1337 24.51 -156.16 X N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 012 5-Jul-13 1713 288.9 24.77 -155.83 X N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 013 6-Jul-13 0041 338.1 25.29 -155.33 X 005 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 014 6-Jul-13 0812 391.1 25.91 -154.77 X N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 015 6-Jul-13 1039 408.0 26.13 -154.62 X X X X 006 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 016 6-Jul-13 1802 441.6 26.51 -154.42 X N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 017 7-Jul-13 2223 473.3 26.96 -154.27 X X 007 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 018 7-Jul-13 0802 542.2 27.95 -153.77 X N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 019 7-Jul-13 1203 594.1 28.41 -153.56 X 008 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 020 7-Jul-13 1820 621.6 29.04 -153.28 X N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 021 8-Jul-13 0005 654.5 29.54 -153.13 X 009 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 022 8-Jul-13 0804 694.5 30.09 -153.01 X N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 023 8-Jul-13 0952 704.0 30.24 -152.95 X X X X 010 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 024 8-Jul-13 1330 710.1 30.28 -152.99 X N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 025 8-Jul-13 1800 745.0 30.67 -152.86 X N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 026 8-Jul-13 2217 761.5 31.05 -152.75 X X 011 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 027 9-Jul-13 0800 805.0 31.65 -152.58 X N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 028 9-Jul-13 0955 815.8 31.78 -152.55 X X X X 012 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 029 9-Jul-13 1326 839.7 31.87 -152.57 X N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 030 9-Jul-13 1802 852.0 32.30 -152.49 X N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 031 10-Jul-13 0022 879.5 32.75 -152.40 X 013 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre
14
Table 2: Summary of oceanographic sampling stations for S248 (continued).
Station
Number
(S248-)
Date Time
(Local)
Log
(nm)
Latitude
(deg N)
Longitude
(deg W) NT MN PN HC TL VS SS # General Locale
032 10-Jul-13 0810 916.7 33.30 -152.42 X N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 033 10-Jul-13 1002 929.9 33.48 -152.47 X X X X 014 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 034 10-Jul-13 1806 967.9 34.05 -152.63 X N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 035 10-Jul-13 2217 991.0 34.41 -152.71 X X 015 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 036 11-Jul-13 0836 1029.7 34.91 -152.71 X N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 037 11-Jul-13 1125 1045.0 35.14 -152.75 X 016 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 038 12-Jul-13 0005 1108.1 36.04 -152.59 X 017 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 039 12-Jul-13 0800 1152.6 36.59 -152.25 X N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 040 12-Jul-13 1014 1164.2 36.74 -152.15 X X X X 018 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 041 12-Jul-13 1329 1175.1 36.89 -152.09 X N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 042 12-Jul-13 1802 1206.2 37.41 -151.87 X N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 043 12-Jul-13 2228 1238.7 37.77 -151.59 X X 019 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 044 13-Jul-13 0803 1284.1 38.26 -151.20 X N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 045 13-Jul-13 1018 1296.3 38.60 -151.13 X X X X 020 Transition Zone 046 13-Jul-13 1342 1310.1 38.75 -151.07 X Transition Zone 047 13-Jul-13 1800 1341.2 39.17 -150.80 X Transition Zone 048 14-Jul-13 0017 1377.9 39.64 -150.35 X 021 Transition Zone 049 14-Jul-13 0800 1416.4 40.03 -149.82 X Transition Zone 050 14-Jul-13 0951 1427.9 40.18 -149.69 X X X X 022 Transition Zone 051 14-Jul-13 1330 1438.6 40.28 -149.61 X Transition Zone 052 14-Jul-13 1800 1464.3 40.64 -149.30 X Transition Zone 053 15-Jul-13 2235 1491.2 40.99 -149.06 X X 023 Transition Zone 054 15-Jul-13 0800 1522.3 41.24 -148.53 X Transition Zone 055 15-Jul-13 1154 1534.8 41.41 -148.33 X 024 Transition Zone 056 15-Jul-13 1335 1539.3 41.44 -148.28 X Transition Zone 057 15-Jul-13 1800 1554.4 41.62 -148.03 X Transition Zone 058 15-Jul-13 0015 1574.3 41.82 -147.79 X 025 Transition Zone 059 16-Jul-13 0805 1593.3 42.00 -147.39 X Transition Zone 060 16-Jul-13 1334 1616.9 41.94 -146.87 X Transition Zone 061 16-Jul-13 1812 1638.7 41.89 -146.41 X Transition Zone 062 16-Jul-13 2231 1660.1 41.84 -146.00 X X 026 Transition Zone
15
Table 2: Summary of oceanographic sampling stations for S248 (continued).
Station
Number
(S248-)
Date Time
(Local)
Log
(nm)
Latitude
(deg N)
Longitude
(deg W) NT MN PN HC TL VS SS # General Locale
063 17-Jul-13 0800 1697.8 41.82 -145.12 X X Transition Zone 064 17-Jul-13 0945 1708.7 41.80 -144.94 X X X 027 Transition Zone 065 17-Jul-13 1325 41.77 -144.66 X X Transition Zone 066 17-Jul-13 1758 41.76 -144.21 X Transition Zone 067 18-Jul-13 0010 1775.1 41.77 -143.55 028 Transition Zone 068 18-Jul-13 0800 1804.1 41.72 -142.89 X X Transition Zone 069 18-Jul-13 0957 1812.2 41.68 -142.89 X X X 029 Transition Zone 070 18-Jul-13 0800 1819.3 41.65 -142.59 X X Transition Zone 071 18-Jul-13 1757 1843.2 41.59 -142.09 X Transition Zone 072 18-Jul-13 2351 1874.9 41.50 -141.48 030 Transition Zone 073 19-Jul-13 0759 1910.0 41.39 -140.72 X X Transition Zone 074 19-Jul-13 0950 1920.7 41.38 -140.59 Transition Zone 075 19-Jul-13 1330 1921.0 41.37 -140.52 X Transition Zone 076 20-Jul-13 0802 2006.2 41.20 -138.77 X Transition Zone 077 20-Jul-13 1124 2020.0 41.16 -138.48 031 Transition Zone 078 20-Jul-13 1330 2027.7 41.14 -137.94 X X Transition Zone 079 20-Jul-13 1800 2045.4 41.07 -137.94 X Transition Zone 080 21-Jul-13 0950 40.84 -136.75 X Transition Zone 081 21-Jul-13 1152 40.80 -136.57 033 Transition Zone 082 21-Jul-13 1330 40.78 -136.46 X X Transition Zone 083 21-Jul-13 1802 40.68 -135.87 X Transition Zone 084 21-Jul-13 2320 2085.1 40.56 -135.35 034 Transition Zone 085 22-Jul-13 0915 2128.5 40.45 -134.37 X Transition Zone 086 22-Jul-13 1209 2139.6 40.42 -134.15 Transition Zone 087 22-Jul-13 1335 2142.0 40.40 -134.09 X X Transition Zone 088 22-Jul-13 1803 2161.5 40.36 -133.69 X Transition Zone 089 22-Jul-13 2228 2185.5 40.28 -133.25 X Transition Zone 090 23-Jul-13 0800 2233.6 40.14 -132.24 X Transition Zone 091 23-Jul-13 1313 2266.7 40.06 -131.53 X Transition Zone 092 23-Jul-13 1800 2299.9 39.85 -130.84 X Transition Zone 093 24-Jul-13 0800 2384.1 39.66 -129.04 X Transition Zone
16
Table 2: Summary of oceanographic sampling stations for S248 (continued).
Station
Number
(S248-)
Date Time
(Local)
Log
(nm)
Latitude
(deg N)
Longitude
(deg W) NT MN PN HC TL VS SS # General Locale
094 24-Jul-13 1328 2417.8 39.54 -128.33 X Transition Zone
095 24-Jul-13 1803 2441.1 39.46 -127.81 X Transition Zone
096 25-Jul-13 0755 2534 39.06 -125.71 X California Current
097 25-Jul-13 1830 2591.2 38.69 -124.54 X California Current
098 26-Jul-13 0800 2636.3 38.29 -123.80 X California Current
099 26-Jul-13 1330 2661.7 38.13 -123.27 X California Current
100 26-Jul-13 1800 38.00 -122.97 X California Current
In Table 2, abbreviations for oceanographic equipment deployed are: NT – neuston tow; MN – 1 meter net (oblique tow); PN – phytoplankton net; HC –
hydrocast with 12 Niskin bottles, CTD and optical instrumentation; TL – air temperature/humidity logger; VS – 20 minute visual survey for seabirds, marine
mammals and marine debris. The styrocast occurred at station 074 and squid jigging at 084. Missing log readings indicate the taffrail log was out of the water.
General Locales are categorized by traditional oceanic biomes.
17
Table 3: Surface station data for S248.
Station
Number
(S248-)
Date Time
(Local)
Log
(nm)
Latitude
(deg N)
Longitude
(deg W)
Sea Surface
Temperature
(°C)
Salinity
(ppt)
Chlorophyll
Fluorescence
(volts)
Chl-a
(µg/L) pH
SS-001 4-Jul-13 0014 37.9 22.552 -158.462 25.9 35.244 6.68 0.069 8.00
SS-002 4-Jul-13 1234 104.4 23.348 -158.108 26.3 35.263 6.63 0.085 8.03
SS-003 5-Jul-13 0025 166.6 23.918 -157.385 25.9 35.424 6.77 0.059 8.02
SS-004 5-Jul-13 1237 256.5 24.478 -156.235 26.4 35.592 6.34 0.360 8.04
SS-005 6-Jul-13 0106 338.4 25.295 -155.322 25.6 35.451 6.74 0.089 8.04
SS-006 6-Jul-13 1159 408.0 26.117 -154.632 25.7 35.578 6.80 0.060 8.02
SS-007 6-Jul-13 2345 473.3 26.992 -154.267 25.6 35.492 6.75 0.052 8.05
SS-008 7-Jul-13 1217 574.1 28.405 -153.568 25.2 35.498 6.99 0.030 7.97
SS-009 8-Jul-13 0030 655.8 29.523 -153.138 24.7 35.519 6.65 0.089 7.99
SS-010 8-Jul-13 1150 704.4 30.223 -152.990 24.8 35.531 6.27 0.202 8.06
SS-011 8-Jul-13 2343 761.9 31.012 -152.757 24.3 35.330 6.84 0.107 8.03
SS-012 9-Jul-13 1123 816.0 31.757 -152.577 24.0 34.680 6.45 0.108 7.99
SS-013 10-Jul-13 0039 879.5 32.740 -152.407 23.7 34.370 6.68 0.086 7.96
SS-014 10-Jul-13 1128 929.9 33.462 -152.487 23.7 34.385 6.57 0.141 7.98
SS-015 10-Jul-13 2331 991.0 34.335 -152.730 23.4 34.350 6.46 0.057 8.00
SS-016 11-Jul-13 1140 1045.3 35.132 -152.747 23.3 34.344 6.15 0.089 8.00
SS-017 12-Jul-13 0010 1108.2 36.038 -152.590 21.7 33.912 7.24 0.071 7.99
SS-018 12-Jul-13 1120 1164.5 36.738 -152.160 21.8 33.861 7.30 0.076 7.94
SS-019 12-Jul-13 2347 1238.7 37.767 -151.585 21.2 33.776 7.40 0.051 8.14
SS-020 13-Jul-13 1129 1296.5 38.597 -151.157 20.5 33.536 7.64 0.062 7.89
SS-021 14-Jul-13 0024 1378.1 39.635 -150.352 20.2 33.431 7.92 0.076 7.97
SS-022 14-Jul-13 1110 1428.1 40.163 -149.717 19.7 33.304 7.99 0.072 7.97
SS-023 14-Jul-13 2342 1491.2 40.962 -149.087 19.4 33.344 7.53 0.062 7.94
SS-024 15-Jul-13 1156 1434.8 41.407 -148.327 19.1 33.190 7.46 0.057 7.95
SS-025 16-Jul-13 0016 1574.3 41.820 -147.790 19.0 33.167 7.54 0.083 8.00
SS-026 17-Jul-13 0004 1661.4 41.808 -145.952 18.6 32.967 7.60 0.093 7.93
SS-027 17-Jul-13 1103 1708.9 41.783 -144.903 18.3 32.940 7.37 0.094 7.81
SS-028 18-Jul-13 0018 1775.1 41.767 -143.547 18.1 32.852 Offline 0.044 7.93
SS-029 18-Jul-13 1146 1812.2 41.670 -142.732 18.2 32.968 Offline 0.069 7.92
SS-030 18-Jul-13 2351 1874.9 41.502 -141.478 18.1 32.890 Offline 0.069 7.92
18
Table 3: Surface station data for S248 (continued).
Station
Number
(S248-)
Date Time
(Local)
Log
(nm)
Latitude
(deg N)
Longitude
(deg W)
Sea Surface
Temperature
(°C)
Salinity
(ppt)
Chlorophyll
Fluorescence
(volts)
Chl-a
(µg/L) pH
SS-031 20-Jul-13 1134 2020.0 41.167 -138.477 18.6 32.870 Offline 7.95
SS-032 21-Jul-13 0006 HB 40.992 -137.405 19.2 32.860 Offline 7.96
SS-033 21-Jul-13 1202 HB 40.800 -136.562 19.1 32.857 Offline 7.95
SS-034 22-Jul-13 0015 2085.1 40.555 -135.342 18.9 32.941 Offline 7.93
All surface stations (listed in Tables 2 and 3) gathered data from a SeaBird Thermosalinograph and three auxiliary instruments (WETLabs WetStar
transmissometer (S/N CST-1187PR), WETLabs C-Star CDOM fluorometer (S/N WSCD-1257), and Turner Designs Model 10-AU in vivo chlorophyll-a
fluorometer (S/N 1664-RTX; offline for a portion of the voyage). Extracted chlorophyll-a samples were filtered through 0.45µm filters and measured with a
Turner Designs Model 10-AU fluorometer. Seawater pH was determined using m-cresol purple indicator dye and spectrophotometry. A blank space indicates
that no sample was collected for that analysis.
19
Table 4: Hydrocast station data for S248. Station locations as in Table 2.
Station
Number
(S248-)
Date Time
(Local) General Locale Bottle
Bottle
Depth
(m)
Seapoint
Oxygen
(mL/L)
Temperature
(°C)
Salinity
(psu)
Density
(kg/m3)
005-HC 4-Jul-13 1055 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 1 496.2 2.51 7.34 34.08 26.65
005-HC 4-Jul-13 1055 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 2 495.0 2.53 7.35 34.08 26.66
005-HC 4-Jul-13 1055 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 3 298.4 3.60 11.80 34.14 25.96
005-HC 4-Jul-13 1055 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 4 296.8 3.63 11.85 34.14 25.96
005-HC 4-Jul-13 1055 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 5 99.7 4.85 22.21 35.42 24.49
005-HC 4-Jul-13 1055 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 6 98.4 4.86 22.23 35.42 24.48
005-HC 4-Jul-13 1055 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 7 50.1 5.00 23.65 35.36 24.02
005-HC 4-Jul-13 1055 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 8 48.9 5.00 23.73 35.36 24.00
005-HC 4-Jul-13 1055 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 9 19.7 4.64 25.60 35.22 23.32
005-HC 4-Jul-13 1055 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 10 19.0 4.63 25.61 35.22 23.32
005-HC 4-Jul-13 1055 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 11 10.5 4.63 25.62 35.22 23.32
005-HC 4-Jul-13 1055 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 12 9.8 4.63 25.61 35.22 23.32
005-HC 4-Jul-13 1055 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 13 0.0 26.10 35.25
010-HC 5-Jul-13 1112 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 1 481.3 3.80 8.26 34.05 26.49
010-HC 5-Jul-13 1112 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 2 480.8 3.80 8.27 34.04 26.49
010-HC 5-Jul-13 1112 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 3 298.4 4.71 12.08 34.28 26.02
010-HC 5-Jul-13 1112 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 4 298.5 4.70 12.10 34.27 26.01
010-HC 5-Jul-13 1112 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 5 99.3 4.98 21.29 35.40 24.72
010-HC 5-Jul-13 1112 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 6 98.5 4.98 21.36 35.39 24.70
010-HC 5-Jul-13 1112 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 7 50.3 4.91 24.08 35.50 24.00
010-HC 5-Jul-13 1112 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 8 48.6 4.86 24.39 35.51 23.91
010-HC 5-Jul-13 1112 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 9 20.1 4.69 25.41 35.55 23.63
010-HC 5-Jul-13 1112 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 10 18.8 4.70 25.41 35.55 23.63
010-HC 5-Jul-13 1112 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 11 10.5 4.68 25.51 35.55 23.60
010-HC 5-Jul-13 1112 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 12 9.9 4.67 25.54 35.56 23.60
010-HC 5-Jul-13 1112 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 13 0.0 26.40 35.59
015-HC 6-Jul-13 1051 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 1 497.1 2.17 6.66 34.02 26.70
015-HC 6-Jul-13 1051 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 2 495.9 2.20 6.67 34.02 26.70
015-HC 6-Jul-13 1051 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 3 298.4 4.26 10.99 34.13 26.11
015-HC 6-Jul-13 1051 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 4 297.3 4.31 11.04 34.14 26.11
20
Table 4: Hydrocast station data for S248 (continued).
Station
Number
(S248-)
Date Time
(Local) General Locale Bottle
Bottle
Depth
(m)
Seapoint
Oxygen
(mL/L)
Temperature
(°C)
Salinity
(psu)
Density
(kg/m3)
015-HC 6-Jul-13 1051 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 5 99.7 4.47 20.75 35.33 24.82
015-HC 6-Jul-13 1051 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 6 98.9 4.30 20.77 35.33 24.82
015-HC 6-Jul-13 1051 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 7 50.2 4.35 22.86 35.34 24.23
015-HC 6-Jul-13 1051 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 8 49.6 4.06 22.87 35.38 24.27
015-HC 6-Jul-13 1051 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 9 20.4 3.89 24.51 35.52 23.88
015-HC 6-Jul-13 1051 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 10 19.1 4.32 24.54 35.56 23.91
015-HC 6-Jul-13 1051 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 11 10.1 4.25 24.84 35.55 23.80
015-HC 6-Jul-13 1051 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 12 8.9 4.16 24.88 35.53 23.78
015-HC 6-Jul-13 1051 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 13 0.0 25.50 35.58
023-HC 8-Jul-13 1020 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 1 496.6 3.63 7.69 34.02 26.56
023-HC 8-Jul-13 1020 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 2 496.0 3.65 7.71 34.02 26.55
023-HC 8-Jul-13 1020 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 3 298.0 4.86 11.57 34.21 26.07
023-HC 8-Jul-13 1020 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 4 297.0 4.87 11.60 34.21 26.06
023-HC 8-Jul-13 1020 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 5 99.3 4.96 20.21 35.20 24.87
023-HC 8-Jul-13 1020 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 6 98.0 4.96 20.24 35.20 24.86
023-HC 8-Jul-13 1020 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 7 49.6 4.83 23.75 35.47 24.08
023-HC 8-Jul-13 1020 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 8 48.1 4.81 23.84 35.48 24.05
023-HC 8-Jul-13 1020 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 9 19.2 4.79 24.03 35.49 24.01
023-HC 8-Jul-13 1020 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 10 18.9 4.79 24.04 35.49 24.00
023-HC 8-Jul-13 1020 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 11 9.8 4.75 24.39 35.50 23.90
023-HC 8-Jul-13 1020 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 12 8.7 4.75 24.40 35.50 23.90
023-HC 8-Jul-13 1020 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 13 0.0 24.80 35.52
028-HC 9-Jul-13 1015 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 1 496.9 3.27 6.98 34.01 26.65
028-HC 9-Jul-13 1015 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 2 495.1 3.28 7.02 34.00 26.64
028-HC 9-Jul-13 1015 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 3 298.4 4.91 10.68 34.19 26.21
028-HC 9-Jul-13 1015 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 4 297.9 4.90 10.72 34.19 26.20
028-HC 9-Jul-13 1015 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 5 99.5 5.51 16.51 34.27 25.07
028-HC 9-Jul-13 1015 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 6 98.9 5.50 16.59 34.27 25.06
028-HC 9-Jul-13 1015 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 7 50.0 5.58 18.62 34.41 24.67
028-HC 9-Jul-13 1015 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 8 48.4 5.58 18.65 34.42 24.67
21
Table 4: Hydrocast station data for S248 (continued).
Station
Number
(S248-)
Date Time
(Local) General Locale Bottle
Bottle
Depth
(m)
Seapoint
Oxygen
(mL/L)
Temperature
(°C)
Salinity
(psu)
Density
(kg/m3)
028-HC 9-Jul-13 1015 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 9 20.0 4.84 23.61 34.65 23.49
028-HC 9-Jul-13 1015 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 10 19.6 4.85 23.62 34.64 23.48
028-HC 9-Jul-13 1015 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 11 10.4 4.84 23.63 34.65 23.48
028-HC 9-Jul-13 1015 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 12 10.0 4.84 23.63 34.64 23.48
028-HC 9-Jul-13 1015 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 13 0.0 24.00 34.68
033-HC 10-Jul-13 1020 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 1 488.4 3.58 7.32 34.02 7.32
033-HC 10-Jul-13 1020 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 2 488.1 3.60 7.34 34.01 7.34
033-HC 10-Jul-13 1020 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 3 298.3 4.90 10.73 34.19 10.73
033-HC 10-Jul-13 1020 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 4 297.6 4.90 10.74 34.19 10.74
033-HC 10-Jul-13 1020 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 5 99.4 5.32 14.65 34.23 14.65
033-HC 10-Jul-13 1020 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 6 98.6 5.34 14.83 34.22 14.83
033-HC 10-Jul-13 1020 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 7 49.9 5.61 18.75 34.46 18.75
033-HC 10-Jul-13 1020 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 8 49.3 5.64 18.86 34.44 18.86
033-HC 10-Jul-13 1020 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 9 19.4 4.89 23.18 34.35 23.18
033-HC 10-Jul-13 1020 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 10 18.4 4.90 23.19 34.35 23.19
033-HC 10-Jul-13 1020 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 11 9.6 4.89 23.22 34.36 23.22
033-HC 10-Jul-13 1020 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 12 9.4 4.89 23.23 34.35 23.23
033-HC 10-Jul-13 1020 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 13 0.0 23.60 34.39
040-HC 12-Jul-13 1014 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 1 496.6 3.08 6.33 33.99 26.72
040-HC 12-Jul-13 1014 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 2 495.4 3.10 6.35 33.99 26.71
040-HC 12-Jul-13 1014 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 3 298.4 4.78 9.62 34.12 26.34
040-HC 12-Jul-13 1014 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 4 297.4 4.79 9.65 34.12 26.33
040-HC 12-Jul-13 1014 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 5 99.3 5.46 12.87 33.90 25.57
040-HC 12-Jul-13 1014 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 6 98.0 5.48 12.90 33.90 25.56
040-HC 12-Jul-13 1014 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 7 49.7 5.91 16.05 33.80 24.82
040-HC 12-Jul-13 1014 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 8 48.5 5.90 16.13 33.80 24.80
040-HC 12-Jul-13 1014 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 9 20.4 5.13 21.06 33.83 23.59
040-HC 12-Jul-13 1014 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 10 19.5 5.13 21.07 33.82 23.58
040-HC 12-Jul-13 1014 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 11 10.4 5.13 21.11 33.83 23.58
040-HC 12-Jul-13 1014 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 12 9.8 5.14 21.13 33.83 23.57
22
Table 4: Hydrocast station data for S248 (continued).
Station
Number
(S248-)
Date Time
(Local) General Locale Bottle
Bottle
Depth
(m)
Seapoint
Oxygen
(mL/L)
Temperature
(°C)
Salinity
(psu)
Density
(kg/m3)
040-HC 12-Jul-13 1014 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 13 0.0 21.60 33.90
045-HC 13-Jul-13 1018 Transition Zone 1 487.0 3.00 6.06 33.97 26.74
045-HC 13-Jul-13 1018 Transition Zone 2 486.5 3.00 6.06 33.97 26.74
045-HC 13-Jul-13 1018 Transition Zone 3 298.5 4.70 9.07 34.08 26.39
045-HC 13-Jul-13 1018 Transition Zone 4 297.5 4.70 9.12 34.09 26.39
045-HC 13-Jul-13 1018 Transition Zone 5 99.9 5.62 11.20 33.61 25.66
045-HC 13-Jul-13 1018 Transition Zone 6 98.5 5.66 11.19 33.60 25.66
045-HC 13-Jul-13 1018 Transition Zone 7 50.1 6.31 12.87 33.69 25.40
045-HC 13-Jul-13 1018 Transition Zone 8 48.7 6.35 12.98 33.75 25.43
045-HC 13-Jul-13 1018 Transition Zone 9 20.1 5.62 17.45 33.38 24.17
045-HC 13-Jul-13 1018 Transition Zone 10 19.3 5.61 17.54 33.40 24.16
045-HC 13-Jul-13 1018 Transition Zone 11 10.3 5.36 19.75 33.50 23.69
045-HC 13-Jul-13 1018 Transition Zone 12 9.3 5.32 19.87 33.54 23.68
045-HC 13-Jul-13 1018 Transition Zone 13 0.0 20.50 33.54
050-HC 14-Jul-13 1002 Transition Zone 1 496.6 2.75 5.65 33.96 26.78
050-HC 14-Jul-13 1002 Transition Zone 2 494.9 2.75 5.66 33.97 26.79
050-HC 14-Jul-13 1002 Transition Zone 3 298.2 4.74 8.65 34.03 26.42
050-HC 14-Jul-13 1002 Transition Zone 4 297.3 4.74 8.67 34.03 26.41
050-HC 14-Jul-13 1002 Transition Zone 5 99.2 5.82 10.99 33.49 25.60
050-HC 14-Jul-13 1002 Transition Zone 6 98.8 5.82 11.06 33.48 25.58
050-HC 14-Jul-13 1002 Transition Zone 7 49.9 6.24 13.87 33.42 25.00
050-HC 14-Jul-13 1002 Transition Zone 8 48.5 6.24 14.32 33.49 24.95
050-HC 14-Jul-13 1002 Transition Zone 9 20.0 5.62 17.51 33.31 24.10
050-HC 14-Jul-13 1002 Transition Zone 10 19.3 5.61 17.63 33.30 24.06
050-HC 14-Jul-13 1002 Transition Zone 11 10.4 5.39 19.24 33.29 23.65
050-HC 14-Jul-13 1002 Transition Zone 12 10.2 5.39 19.25 33.29 23.65
050-HC 14-Jul-13 1002 Transition Zone 13 0.0 19.70 33.28
064-HC 17-Jul-13 0959 Transition Zone 1 496.7 2.29 5.16 33.97 26.84
064-HC 17-Jul-13 0959 Transition Zone 2 495.4 2.30 5.18 33.96 26.84
064-HC 17-Jul-13 0959 Transition Zone 3 299.7 4.57 8.18 33.99 26.46
23
Table 4: Hydrocast station data for S248 (continued).
Station
Number
(S248-)
Date Time
(Local) General Locale Bottle
Bottle
Depth
(m)
Seapoint
Oxygen
(mL/L)
Temperature
(°C)
Salinity
(psu)
Density
(kg/m3)
064-HC 17-Jul-13 0959 Transition Zone 4 297.4 4.59 8.19 33.99 26.46
064-HC 17-Jul-13 0959 Transition Zone 5 99.1 6.08 9.50 33.05 25.52
064-HC 17-Jul-13 0959 Transition Zone 6 98.8 6.08 9.45 33.05 25.52
064-HC 17-Jul-13 0959 Transition Zone 7 49.3 6.82 12.00 33.13 25.13
064-HC 17-Jul-13 0959 Transition Zone 8 47.8 6.82 12.29 33.20 25.14
064-HC 17-Jul-13 0959 Transition Zone 9 20.0 5.68 16.29 32.97 24.12
064-HC 17-Jul-13 0959 Transition Zone 10 19.0 5.67 16.83 33.16 24.14
064-HC 17-Jul-13 0959 Transition Zone 11 10.4 5.46 17.89 32.90 23.69
064-HC 17-Jul-13 0959 Transition Zone 12 11.1 5.48 17.90 32.90 23.69
064-HC 17-Jul-13 0959 Transition Zone 13 0.0 18.30 32.94
069-HC 18-Jul-13 1012 Transition Zone 1 497.0 2.11 5.14 33.98 26.86
069-HC 18-Jul-13 1012 Transition Zone 2 496.4 2.13 5.14 33.98 26.86
069-HC 18-Jul-13 1012 Transition Zone 3 298.7 4.20 7.84 33.98 26.50
069-HC 18-Jul-13 1012 Transition Zone 4 298.0 4.24 7.86 33.98 26.50
069-HC 18-Jul-13 1012 Transition Zone 5 99.7 5.85 10.03 33.09 25.46
069-HC 18-Jul-13 1012 Transition Zone 6 98.7 5.84 10.05 33.08 25.45
069-HC 18-Jul-13 1012 Transition Zone 7 50.0 6.94 11.89 33.08 25.12
069-HC 18-Jul-13 1012 Transition Zone 8 49.7 6.96 12.12 33.06 25.06
069-HC 18-Jul-13 1012 Transition Zone 9 19.8 5.62 16.66 33.05 24.10
069-HC 18-Jul-13 1012 Transition Zone 10 18.7 5.61 16.92 33.07 24.05
069-HC 18-Jul-13 1012 Transition Zone 11 10.0 5.45 17.76 32.93 23.75
069-HC 18-Jul-13 1012 Transition Zone 12 8.7 5.46 17.77 32.94 23.75
069-HC 18-Jul-13 1012 Transition Zone 13 0.0 18.20 32.96
All hydrocasts gathered data from a SeaBird CTD (S/N 4043) and four auxiliary instruments (WETLabs C-Star Transmissometer (S/N CST-625PR) on voltage
one, WETLabs C-Star CDOM fluorometer (S/N WSCD-1303) on voltage two, WETLabs Chlorophyll fluorometer (S/N SCF3895) on voltage three, SeaBird43
Dissolved Oxygen sensor (S/N 2264) on voltage four, and PAR sensor (Biospherical Instruments QSP-2300 S/N 5464) on voltage five; voltage zero was not
used.
24
Table 5a: Neuston tow hydrographic data for S248. Station locations as in Table 2.
Station
Number
(S248-)
Date Time
(Local)
Moon
Phase
(%)
Sea Surface
Temperature
(°C)
Chlorophyll
Fluorescence
(volts)
Salinity
(psu)
Tow Area
(m2)
Zooplankton
Biomass
(mL)
Zooplankton
Density
(mL/m2)
General Locale
003-NT 3-Jul-13 2354 13S 25.9 6.78 35.24 1833.7 20.0 0.0109 Hawaiian Waters
005-NT 4-Jul-13 1210 13R 26.2 6.87 35.25 1855.8 5.0 0.0027 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 008-NT 4-Jul-13 2340 7S 26.0 6.77 35.44 2627.0 23.0 0.0088 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 010-NT 5-Jul-13 1228 7R 26.3 6.37 35.59 1557.6 122.0 0.0783 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 013-NT 6-Jul-13 0041 3S 25.6 6.75 35.46 1410.8 27.0 0.0191 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 015-NT 6-Jul-13 1155 3R 25.7 6.80 35.58 1824.5 8.0 0.0044 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 017-NT 6-Jul-13 2332 1R 25.6 6.77 35.49 1782.4 33.0 0.0185 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 019-NT 7-Jul-13 1203 1R 25.2 6.98 35.49 2072.7 8.0 0.0039 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 021-NT 8-Jul-13 0005 0S 24.8 6.70 35.50 2027.8 17.0 0.0084 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 023-NT 8-Jul-13 1129 0R 24.8 6.09 35.53 1495.0 9.0 0.0060 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 026-NT 8-Jul-13 2329 0S 24.4 6.45 35.33 1812.5 12.5 0.0069 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 028-NT 9-Jul-13 1118 1R 24.0 6.48 34.68 1788.1 3.5 0.0020 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 031-NT 10-Jul-13 0022 5S 23.7 6.58 34.37 1856.9 18.0 0.0097 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 033-NT 10-Jul-13 1116 5R 23.7 6.66 34.38 1648.5 4.0 0.0024 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 035-NT 10-Jul-13 2331 5S 23.4 6.46 34.35 2087.3 37.0 0.0177 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 037-NT 11-Jul-13 1125 9R 23.3 6.12 34.34 1389.1 6.0 0.0043 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 038-NT 12-Jul-13 0005 16S 21.7 7.24 33.91 1663.9 47.0 0.0282 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 040-NT 12-Jul-13 1117 16R 21.8 7.32 33.86 1691.9 44.0 0.0260 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 043-NT 12-Jul-13 2341 16S 21.2 7.44 33.77 1174.2 24.0 0.0204 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 045-NT 13-Jul-13 1119 24R 20.5 7.70 33.53 1791.8 3.0 0.0017 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 048-NT 13-Jul-13 0017 24S 20.2 7.88 33.43 2174.6 6.0 0.0028 Transition Zone 050-NT 14-Jul-13 1103 33R 19.7 7.53 33.31 1624.3 11.0 0.0068 Transition Zone 053-NT 14-Jul-13 2337 43S 19.4 7.85 33.34 1270.1 57.0 0.0449 Transition Zone 055-NT 15-Jul-13 1155 43R 19.1 7.46 33.19 1094.4 15.0 0.0137 Transition Zone 058-NT 16-Jul-13 0015 43R 19.0 7.53 33.17 1420.9 16.0 0.0113 Transition Zone 062-NT 16-Jul-13 2339 54R 18.6 7.58 32.97 1819.7 8.0 0.0044 Transition Zone 064-NT 17-Jul-13 1101 65S 18.3 7.96 32.92 1894.3 14.0 0.0074 Transition Zone 067-NT 18-Jul-13 0010 75R 18.1 Offline 32.85 1925.6 23.0 0.0119 Transition Zone 069-NT 18-Jul-13 1136 75S 18.3 Offline 32.90 841.9 87.0 0.1033 Transition Zone 072-NT 18-Jul-13 2351 85R 18.1 Offline 32.89 1734.4 32.0 0.0185 Transition Zone 077-NT 20-Jul-13 1124 92S 18.7 Offline 32.87 2456.0 55.0 0.0224 Transition Zone
25
Table 5a: Neuston tow hydrographic data for S248 (continued).
Station
Number
(S248-)
Date Time
(Local)
Moon
Phase
(%)
Sea Surface
Temperature
(°C)
Chlorophyll
Fluorescence
(volts)
Salinity
(psu)
Tow Area
(m2)
Zooplankton
Biomass
(mL)
Zooplankto
n Density
(mL/m2)
General Locale
081-NT 21-Jul-13 1152 97S 19.1 Offline 32.86 1956.3 11.5 0.0059 Transition Zone 086-NT 22-Jul-13 1209 100S 18.0 Offline 32.79 1772.0 156.0 0.0880 Transition Zone
Moon phase indicates either risen (R) or set (S). Tow area calculated using distance (meters) between successive minutes' GPS positions. Neuston net opening
1.0m wide by 0.5m tall, with a 333µm mesh net. Zooplankton density recorded as wet volume displacement per tow area (ml/m2).
Table 5b: Neuston tow biological data for S248 (continued). Station locations as in Table 2.
Station
Number
(S248-)
Phyllosoma
(#)
Leptocephali
(#)
Halobates
(#)
Myctophids
(#)
Sargassum
natans (g)
Sargassum
fluitans (g)
Plastic
Pellets (#)
Plastic
Pieces (#) Tar (#)
Total
Nekton
>2cm (mL)
Gelatinous
>2cm (mL)
003-NT 0 0 45 3 0 0 0 3 0 0.4 5.9
005-NT 0 0 55 0 0 0 0 101 0 0.1 0.0
008-NT 0 0 196 15 0 0 2 75 0 5.0 4.0
010-NT 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 1058 0 0.0 0.0
013-NT 0 0 69 10 0 0 1 59 0 7.0 2.5
015-NT 0 0 63 0 0 0 0 194 0 0.0 0.0
017-NT 0 0 79 5 0 0 4 257 0 2.0 19.5
019-NT 0 0 92 0 0 0 3 1201 0 0.7 1.0
021-NT 0 0 211 8 0 0 1 112 0 2.0 10.0
023-NT 0 0 77 0 0 0 0 136 0 0.0 3.5
026-NT 0 0 186 2 0 0 0 22 0 0.3 7.5
028-NT 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 108 0 0.0 11.2
031-NT 0 0 206 10 0 0 0 21 0 2.7 3.0
033-NT 0 0 32 0 0 0 3 105 0 2.0 0.0
035-NT 0 0 170 14 0 0 0 95 0 172.7 4.8
037-NT 0 0 58 0 0 0 2 74 0 0.0 5.8
038-NT 0 0 85 2 0 0 1 156 0 3.3 7.5
040-NT 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 178 0 0.2 0.0
043-NT 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 27 0 1.0 0.0
26
Table 5b: Neuston tow data for S248 (continued).
Station
Number
(S248-)
Phyllosoma
(#)
Leptocephali
(#)
Halobates
(#)
Myctophids
(#)
Sargassum
natans (g)
Sargassum
fluitans (g)
Plastic
Pellets (#)
Plastic
Pieces (#) Tar (#)
Total
Nekton
>2cm (mL)
Gelatinous
>2cm (mL)
045-NT 0 0 30 0 0 0 2 139 0 0.0 0.0
048-NT 0 0 49 0 0 0 0 143 0 4.3 4.3
050-NT 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 38 0 2.0 13.0
053-NT 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 15 0 4.5 44.0
055-NT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 24 0 0.0 25.0
058-NT 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 34 0 19.7 35.0
062-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29 0 4.6 24.0
064-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 24 0 0.0 31.5
067-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 45 0 1.0 13.0
069-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 44 0 0.0 15.0
072-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 44 0 1.3 32.2
077-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 109 0 0.2 16.0
081-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 0 0.2 0.0
086-NT 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 48 0 0.5 0.0
Eel larvae (leptocephali), spiny lobster larvae (phyllosoma), marine water striders (halobates) and Lantern fish (myctophids) sorted from net contents and
counted. Micronekton and gelatinous micronekton removed using a 1cm mesh sieve; biovolume (ml) recorded. Qualitative descriptions of micronekton removed
from zooplankton biomass are available. Floating plastic and tar removed from net contents, sorted and recorded as numbers collected per tow.
27
Table 6a: Meter net hydrographic data for S248. Station locations as in Table 2.
Station
Number
(S248-)
Date Time
(Local)
Sea Surface
Temperature
(°C)
Chlorophyll
Fluorescence
(volts)
Salinity
(psu)
Estimated
Tow Depth
(m)
Tow
Length
(m)
Tow
Volume
(m3)
Zooplankton
Biomass (mL)
Zooplankton
Density
(mL/m3)
General Locale
008-MN 4-Jul-13 2223 26.1 6.83 35.44 160.0 1970.3 1546.7 71.0 0.0459 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 017-MN 6-Jul-13 2223 25.6 6.81 35.48 175.0 1647.2 1293.0 51.0 0.0394 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 026-MN 8-Jul-13 2217 24.2 6.33 35.20 160.0 2120.8 1664.8 119.0 0.0715 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 035-MN 10-Jul-13 2217 23.4 6.48 34.35 215.0 1673.1 1313.4 63.0 0.0480 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 043-MN 12-Jul-13 2228 21.3 7.42 33.78 200.0 2003.4 1572.7 75.0 0.0477 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 053-MN 14-Jul-13 2235 19.4 7.57 33.34 175.0 1866.2 1465.0 53.0 0.0362 Transition Zone
062-MN 16-Jul-13 2231 18.5 8.14 32.99 170.0 1944.2 1526.2 92.0 0.0603 Transition Zone
089-2MN 22-Jul-13 2228 18.3 Offline 32.94 200.0 2494.2 5786.4 253.0 0.0437 Transition Zone
All tows used a 1m net (0.785m2) with 333µm mesh. Tow length calculated using distance between successive minutes' GPS positions; tow volume from tow
length and net area.
Table 6b: Meter net biological data for S248 (continued). Station locations as in Table 2.
Station
Number
(S248-)
Phyllosoma
(#)
Leptocephali
(#)
Halobates
(#)
Myctophids
(#)
Plastic
Pellets (#)
Plastic
Pieces (#) Tar (#)
Total Nekton
>2cm (mL)
Gelatinous
>2cm (mL)
008-MN 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 7.0 29.0
017-MN 0 0 1 4 0 2 0 2.0 1.5
026-MN 0 0 1 1 0 3 0 1.5 9.4
035-MN 0 0 2 5 0 2 0 5.1 6.0
043-MN 0 0 1 2 0 3 0 14.4 0.0
053-MN 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1.0 16.5
062-MN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.9 401.2
089-2MN 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 75.5 10.0
Eel larvae (leptocephali), spiny lobster larvae (phyllosoma) and Lantern fish (myctophids) sorted from net contents and counted. Micronekton and gelatinous
micronekton removed using a 1cm mesh sieve and biovolume (ml) recorded. Qualitative descriptions of micronekton removed from zooplankton biomass are
available. Floating tar and plastic removed from net contents, sorted and recorded as numbers collected per tow.
28
Table 7a: Zooplankton 100 count data for S248. Station locations as in Table 2.
Station
Number
(S248-)
Net
Type Date
Time
(Local) Cnid Siph Cten Pter Nud
Other
Snail Ceph Poly Chaet Cop
Gam
Amp
Hyp
Amp
Crab
(larv)
003 NT 3-Jul-13 2354 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 5 88 0 1 0
005 NT 4-Jul-13 1210 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 75 0 0 4
008 MN 4-Jul-13 2223 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 2 77 0 7 0
008 NT 4-Jul-13 2340 0 0 0 5 0 8 0 1 1 40 0 10 0
010 NT 5-Jul-13 1228 0 0 0 12 0 7 0 0 0 65 0 2 0
013 NT 6-Jul-13 0041 1 2 0 3 0 1 0 0 7 60 1 4 0
015 NT 6-Jul-13 1155 0 3 0 0 1 20 0 0 1 66 0 0 0
017 MN 6-Jul-13 2223 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 6 67 0 11 0
017 NT 6-Jul-13 2332 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 66 12 2 0
019 NT 7-Jul-13 1203 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 1 91 1 0 0
021 NT 8-Jul-13 0005 1 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 56 0 34 0
023 NT 8-Jul-13 1129 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 81 2 2 1
026 MN 8-Jul-13 2217 0 2 0 3 0 3 0 1 1 65 1 1 0
026 NT 8-Jul-13 2329 0 1 0 0 0 8 0 0 4 69 0 9 2
028 NT 9-Jul-13 1118 0 2 0 4 0 2 1 0 12 67 0 0 0
031 NT 10-Jul-13 0022 0 1 0 7 0 1 0 0 0 82 0 1 0
033 NT 10-Jul-13 1116 1 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 15 60 5 1 0
035 MN 10-Jul-13 2217 1 1 0 4 0 0 0 0 2 82 1 1 0
035 NT 10-Jul-13 2331 9 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 81 0 1 0
037 NT 11-Jul-13 1125 0 6 0 0 0 31 1 0 8 40 0 1 0
038 NT 12-Jul-13 0005 0 0 0 15 0 8 0 0 1 59 0 2 0
040 NT 12-Jul-13 1117 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 21 0 0 0
043 MN 12-Jul-13 2228 0 0 0 7 0 21 0 0 0 54 0 1 0
043 NT 12-Jul-13 2341 0 0 0 9 0 33 0 0 0 25 0 8 0
045 NT 13-Jul-13 1119 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 27 1 1 0
048 NT 14-Jul-13 0017 0 1 0 0 0 50 0 1 0 22 0 0 0
050 NT 14-Jul-13 1103 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
053 MN 14-Jul-13 2235 0 1 0 0 0 21 0 0 1 59 1 0 0
053 NT 14-Jul-13 2337 1 5 0 8 0 19 0 0 0 22 0 10 1
055 NT 15-Jul-13 1155 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 2 2 34 0 0 0
058 NT 16-Jul-13 0015 0 0 0 41 0 28 0 0 0 12 0 6 0
29
Table 7a: Zooplankton 100 count data for S248 (continued).
Station
Number
(S248-)
Net
Type Date
Time
(Local) Cnid Siph Cten Pter Nud
Other
Snail Ceph Poly Chaet Cop
Gam
Amp
Hyp
Amp
Crab
(larv)
062 MN 16-Jul-13 2231 1 2 0 0 0 5 0 2 0 33 1 1 0
062 NT 16-Jul-13 2339 0 6 0 4 0 22 0 0 0 38 0 8 0
064 NT 17-Jul-13 1101 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
067 NT 18-Jul-13 0010 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 0 0 7 1 57 0
069 NT 18-Jul-13 1136 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
072 NT 18-Jul-13 2351 0 0 0 3 0 2 0 0 0 20 0 58 0
077 NT 20-Jul-13 1124 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0
081 NT 21-Jul-13 1152 0 0 0 46 1 10 0 1 0 0 10 2 0
086 NT 22-Jul-13 1209 49 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0
089 2MN 22-Jul-13 2228 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 26 6 6 0
Table 7b: Zooplankton 100 count data for S248 (continued).
Station
Number
(S248-)
Net
Type Date
Time
(Local)
Shr
(larv)
Lob
(larv) Mys Euph
Stom
(larv) Ostr Clad Iso Salp
Fish
(larv)
Fish
eggs Other
Shannon-
Weiner
Index
003 NT 3-Jul-13 2354 0 0 1 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.26
005 NT 4-Jul-13 1210 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0.31
008 MN 4-Jul-13 2223 0 0 3 1 0 5 4 0 0 0 0 0 0.45
008 NT 4-Jul-13 2340 2 0 8 0 0 14 0 4 1 0 0 7 0.86
010 NT 5-Jul-13 1228 2 0 3 2 1 3 0 2 1 1 1 0 0.45
013 NT 6-Jul-13 0041 0 0 5 1 0 6 4 3 0 0 2 0 0.70
015 NT 6-Jul-13 1155 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 5 0 0.49
017 MN 6-Jul-13 2223 3 0 3 5 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0.56
017 NT 6-Jul-13 2332 0 0 6 0 0 0 9 0 3 0 0 0 0.53
019 NT 7-Jul-13 1203 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.16
021 NT 8-Jul-13 0005 2 0 1 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0.54
023 NT 8-Jul-13 1129 2 1 0 0 0 4 4 0 1 0 0 1 0.39
026 MN 8-Jul-13 2217 1 0 2 4 0 14 2 1 1 0 0 0 0.63
026 NT 8-Jul-13 2329 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 0.53
028 NT 9-Jul-13 1118 0 0 1 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 1 0.54
30
Table 7b: Zooplankton 100 count data for S248 (continued).
Station
Number
(S248-)
Net
Type Date
Time
(Local)
Shr
(larv)
Lob
(larv) Mys Euph
Stom
(larv) Ostr Clad Iso Salp
Fish
(larv)
Fish
eggs Other
Shannon-
Weiner
Index
031 NT 10-Jul-13 0022 0 0 8 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.32
033 NT 10-Jul-13 1116 1 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 1 0 0 7 0.61
035 MN 10-Jul-13 2217 1 0 2 2 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.37
035 NT 10-Jul-13 2331 0 0 2 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.35
037 NT 11-Jul-13 1125 0 0 0 1 0 9 0 0 0 0 5 0 0.71
038 NT 12-Jul-13 0005 0 0 9 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.59
040 NT 12-Jul-13 1117 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 4 0.43
043 MN 12-Jul-13 2228 2 0 3 1 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.59
043 NT 12-Jul-13 2341 7 0 5 1 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.77
045 NT 13-Jul-13 1119 0 0 6 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.56
048 NT 14-Jul-13 0017 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 22 0.56
050 NT 14-Jul-13 1103 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 5 1 3 0.76
053 MN 14-Jul-13 2235 0 0 2 11 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0.54
053 NT 14-Jul-13 2337 1 1 3 21 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 5 0.93
055 NT 15-Jul-13 1155 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.48
058 NT 16-Jul-13 0015 10 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0.65
062 MN 16-Jul-13 2231 2 0 3 27 0 3 0 0 15 1 1 3 0.86
062 NT 16-Jul-13 2339 2 0 2 1 0 2 0 1 0 8 6 0 0.87
064 NT 17-Jul-13 1101 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 3 0.47
067 NT 18-Jul-13 0010 0 0 0 4 0 4 0 0 0 0 1 7 0.57
069 NT 18-Jul-13 1136 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
072 NT 18-Jul-13 2351 0 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 3 1 0 9 0.60
077 NT 20-Jul-13 1124 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 0.39
081 NT 21-Jul-13 1152 0 0 0 1 0 7 0 0 10 8 2 2 0.78
086 NT 22-Jul-13 1209 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 1 0 0.42
089 2MN 22-Jul-13 2228 38 1 1 12 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 1 0.75
Abbreviations for zooplankton categories in Tables 7a and 7b: Cnid – cnidarian medusa; Siph – siphonophore bracts and floats; Cten – ctenophores; Pter –
pteropods; Nud - nudibranchs; Other Snail – pelagic snails and heteropods; Ceph – cephalopods; Poly – polychaetes; Chaet – chaetognaths; Cop – copepods;
Gam Amp – gammarid amphipods; Hyp Amp – hyperiid amphipods; Crab (larv) – Crab larval stages; Shr (larv) – shrimp larval stage; Lob (larv) – lobster larval
stage; Mys – mysids; Euph – euphausiids; Stom (larv) – Stomatopod larval stage; Ost – ostracods; Clad – cladocerans; Iso – isopods; Salp – salps and doliolids;
Fish (larv) - larval fish. Shannon-Weiner Index offers a measure of biodiversity.
31
Table 8: Phytoplankton net data for S248. Station locations as in Table 2.
Station
Number
(S248-)
Date Time
(Local)
Sea Surface
Temperature
(°C)
Chlorophyll
Fluorescence
(volts)
Salinity
(psu) General Locale Sample Type
005-PN 4-Jul-13 1109 26.1 7.3 35.25 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre Drifted Surface
010-PN 5-Jul-13 1123 26.2 6.4 35.59 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre Drifted Surface
015-PN 6-Jul-13 1039 25.5 6.7 35.58 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre Drifted Surface
023-PN 8-Jul-13 0952 24.8 6.1 35.52 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre Drifted Surface
028-PN 9-Jul-13 0955 24.0 6.4 34.68 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre Drifted Surface
033-PN 10-Jul-13 1002 23.6 6.4 34.39 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre Drifted Surface
040-PN 12-Jul-13 0959 21.6 7.2 33.86 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre Drifted Surface
045-PN 13-Jul-13 1025 20.5 7.6 33.54 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre Drifted Surface
050-PN 14-Jul-13 0951 19.8 7.5 33.28 Transition Zone Drifted Surface
064-PN 17-Jul-13 0945 18.3 7.3 32.93 Transition Zone Drifted Surface
069-PN 18-Jul-13 0957 18.2 NA 32.90 Transition Zone Drifted Surface
Table 9: Temperature and humidity logger data for S248. DataQ Instruments, EL-USB2 model. Station locations as in Table 2.
Station
Number
(S248-)
Date Time
(Local)
Average
Relative
Humidity (%)
Average Air
Temperature
(°C)
General Locale
005-TL 1112 1154 61.9 28.4 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 010-TL 1122 1158 69.8 26.7 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 015-TL 1036 1109 61.7 27.2 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 023-TL 0952 1101 71.1 26.1 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 028-TL 0955 1025 74.6 23.4 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 033-TL 1024 1105 65.8 24.0 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 040-TL 1022 1047 71.6 22.6 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 045-TL 1018 1105 71.8 22.5 Transition Zone
050-TL 0951 1026 73.5 21.4 Transition Zone
064-TL 0945 1021 78.3 18.4 Transition Zone
069-TL 1001 1021 72.0 18.2 Transition Zone
32
Table 10: Visual survey data for S248. Station locations as in Table 2.
Station
Number
(S248-)
Date Time
(Local)
Marine
Debris
(#)
Flying
Fish (#)
Total
Seabird
Groups (#)
Total
Seabirds
(#)
Seabird Types General Locale
001-VS 3-Jul-13 1330 0 0 8 16 Tern, Shearwater Hawaiian Waters
002-VS 3-Jul-13 1803 0 0 3 3 Shearwater Hawaiian Waters
004-VS 4-Jul-13 0814 0 1 1 1 Unknown N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 006-VS 4-Jul-13 1327 2 0 4 6 Shearwater, Tropicbird N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 007-VS 4-Jul-13 1801 0 2 0 0 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 009-VS 5-Jul-13 0803 2 0 0 0 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 011-VS 5-Jul-13 1337 1 5 0 0 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 012-VS 5-Jul-13 1713 1 75 0 0 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 014-VS 6-Jul-13 0812 2 0 0 0 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 016-VS 6-Jul-13 1802 1 6 1 1 Tubenose N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 018-VS 7-Jul-13 0802 1 1 0 0 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 020-VS 7-Jul-13 1820 0 0 0 0 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 022-VS 8-Jul-13 0804 1 1 1 1 Albatross N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 024-VS 8-Jul-13 1330 1 0 0 0 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 025-VS 8-Jul-13 1800 1 0 0 0 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 027-VS 9-Jul-13 0800 0 0 0 0 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 029-VS 9-Jul-13 1326 2 8 1 2 Tropicbird N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 030-VS 9-Jul-13 1802 3 0 1 1 Tubenose N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 032-VS 10-Jul-13 0810 3 4 1 2 Tropicbird N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 034-VS 10-Jul-13 1806 0 1 0 0 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 036-VS 11-Jul-13 0836 1 2 0 0 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 039-VS 12-Jul-13 0805 0 0 0 0 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 041-VS 12-Jul-13 1329 7 0 0 0 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 042-VS 12-Jul-13 1802 2 0 2 3 Tubenose, Storm Petrel N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 044-VS 13-Jul-13 0803 1 0 0 0 N. Pacific Subtropical Gyre 046-VS 13-Jul-13 1342 7 0 0 0 Transition Zone 047-VS 13-Jul-13 1800 4 0 1 1 Tubenose Transition Zone 049-VS 14-Jul-13 0800 0 0 0 0 Transition Zone 051-VS 14-Jul-13 1330 8 0 1 1 Albatross Transition Zone 052-VS 14-Jul-13 1800 11 0 1 1 Storm Petrel Transition Zone 054-VS 15-Jul-13 0800 2 0 1 1 Petrel Transition Zone
33
Table 10: Visual survey data for S248 (continued). Station locations as in Table 2.
Station
Number
(S248-)
Date Time
(Local)
Marine
Debris (#)
Flying
Fish (#)
Total
Seabird
Groups (#)
Total
Seabirds
(#)
Seabird Types General Locale
056-VS 15-Jul-13 13:35 2 0 0 0 Transition Zone
057-VS 15-Jul-13 18:00 4 0 0 0 Transition Zone
059-VS 16-Jul-13 8:05 7 0 1 3 Albatross Transition Zone
060-VS 16-Jul-13 13:34 10 0 0 0 Transition Zone
061-VS 16-Jul-13 18:12 3 0 0 0 Transition Zone
063-VS 17-Jul-13 8:00 0 0 0 0 Transition Zone
068-VS 18-Jul-13 8:00 8 0 1 1 Storm Petrel Transition Zone
070-VS 18-Jul-13 13:30 0 0 0 0 Transition Zone
071-VS 18-Jul-13 17:57 2 0 0 0 Transition Zone
073-VS 19-Jul-13 7:59 2 0 0 0 Transition Zone
075-VS 19-Jul-13 13:34 2 0 0 0 Transition Zone
076-VS 20-Jul-13 8:02 2 0 0 0 Transition Zone
078-VS 20-Jul-13 13:28 21 0 2 2 Storm Petrel Transition Zone
079-VS 20-Jul-13 18:00 19 0 0 0 Transition Zone
080-VS 21-Jul-13 9:50 1 0 0 0 Transition Zone
082-VS 21-Jul-13 13:30 6 0 0 0 Transition Zone
083-VS 21-Jul-13 18:02 1 0 1 1 Storm Petrel Transition Zone
085-VS 22-Jul-13 9:15 0 0 0 0 Transition Zone
087-VS 22-Jul-13 13:25 2 0 0 0 Transition Zone
088-VS 22-Jul-13 18:03 4 0 0 0 Transition Zone
090-VS 23-Jul-13 8:00 2 0 0 0 Transition Zone
091-VS 23-Jul-13 13:13 0 0 0 0 Transition Zone
092-VS 23-Jul-13 18:00 0 0 0 0 Transition Zone
093-VS 24-Jul-13 8:00 0 0 2 3 Storm Petrel, Unknown Transition Zone
094-VS 24-Jul-13 13:28 0 0 1 1 Storm Petrel Transition Zone
095-VS 24-Jul-13 18:03 0 0 0 0 Transition Zone
096-VS 25-Jul-13 17:55 0 0 1 1 Storm Petrel California Current
097-VS 25-Jul-13 18:30 0 0 2 2 Tubenose, Petrel California Current
098-VS 26-Jul-13 8:00 1 0 6 20 Alcid, Gull, Shearwater, Jaeger,
Albatross, Unknown California Current
099-VS 26-Jul-13 13:30 0 0 5 85 Murre, Gull, Albatross, Phalarope California Current
100-VS 26-Jul-13 18:00 California Current
34
Table 11: Student Research Projects for S248
The distribution of pelagic plastics within the North Pacific
Subtropical Gyre
Kristen Butler, Brendan Casey
and Aerin Thomson
Abundance of Halobates sericeus in relation to plastic
concentration in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
Thomas Walters and Victoria
Wilson
Ingestion of plastics by myctophids in the North Pacific Subtropical
Gyre Jillian Swinford and Erica White
The impact of plastic on pelagic seabirds in the Northeast Pacific Kellie Corwin, Alfie Goodrich
and Arden Pickoff-Rafferty
Spatial and temporal patterns in pH in the North Pacific Patricia Fontanet
The effects of ocean acidification on shell degradation of the marine
pteropod Limacina and the ratio of gelatinous to calcifying
zooplankton in the Central and Northeast Pacific
Josh Friedman, Julia McDowell
and Schuyler Nardelli
Phytoplankton abundance and diversity in relation to Northeast
Pacific Ocean chemistry and solar radiation availability
Harrison Ainsworth and Erin
Hodge
Physical oceanographic processes impacting primary production in
the North Pacific Ocean
Myya Jackson, Rui Li and Irene
Pasquale
35
Student Research Project Abstracts
The distribution of pelagic plastics within the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre – Kristen Butler, Brendan
Casey and Aerin Thomson
Microplastic, macroplastic and large debris were studied throughout the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
through surface samples, visual surveys and water samples from 10 m and 20 m. Higher concentrations
of macroplastics and microplastics were found in the center of the NPSG.
Abundance of Halobates sericeus in relation to plastic concentration in the North Pacific Subtropical
Gyre – Thomas Walters and Victoria Wilson
Samples of Halobates and plastics were collected in neuston net tows during the Robert C. Seaman’s
cruise track through the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) from Honolulu, HI, to San Francisco,
CA. The hypothesis of this project is that the abundance of Halobates sericeus and concentration of
plastics are positively correlated because of plastic’s role as a substrate for oviposition. Analysis of the
data revealed no positive correlation between abundance of Halobates and concentration of plastic in July
in the NPSG, although evidence was found that Halobates use plastic as substrate for oviposition. The
results suggest that concentration of plastic alone is not a determining factor in the abundance of
Halobates and that other factors such as temperature play a stronger role.
Ingestion of plastics by myctophids in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre – Jillian Swinford and Erica
White
The North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) is an area in which marine plastics accumulate due to
circulation patterns. The effects of these marine plastics on smaller organisms in marine ecosystems are
not well known. A few studies have looked at plastic ingestion in larger marine organisms, but there have
been little studies on fish of lower trophic levels. From July 3 to July 18th, 16 neuston tows and 6 meter
net tows were deployed in the NPSG. From these samples, 91 myctophids were collected and 74 were
dissected for stomach content, with 29.7 % of myctophids ingesting plastic. All of the myctophids
ingesting plastic were found in the NPSG, although tows were sampled throughout the Northern Pacific
Ocean. In the NPSG, high plastic concentration and high myctophid density was found, which increases
the probability that myctophids are ingesting plastic. Further study needs to be done in order to determine
the effects throughout the food chain within this ecosystem.
The impact of plastic on pelagic seabirds in the Northeast Pacific – Kellie Corwin, Alfie Goodrich and
Arden Pickoff-Rafferty
Significant numbers of seabirds have been found to ingest pieces of plastic, but little is known about
where they have the highest risk of encountering this plastic. We conducted regular twenty-minute visual
surveys of the North Pacific for seabirds and marine debris. Additionally, neuston net tows allowed us to
quantify zooplankton and macroplastic density while concurrent surface water sampling allowed us to
quantify chlorophyll-a concentration. The data we collected showed that seabird distribution most closely
matches zooplankton distribution, while macroplastic distribution is only tentatively correlated and debris
distribution shows no correlation. Furthermore, only one seabird, a tern, was sighted interacting with
debris; the rest ignored it. These results suggest that 1) where seabirds prefer to migrate and forage (their
distribution) is not influenced by macroplastic or debris pollution, which suggests that 2) macroplastic
and debris pollution in areas of high zooplankton density are of more threat to seabirds than macroplastic
and debris pollution in areas of low zooplankton density. However, a more complete dataset is necessary
in order for this hypothesis to be truly founded. The data presented here may contribute to the beginning
of such a dataset.
36
Spatial and temporal patterns in pH in the North Pacific – Patricia Fontanet
Ocean acidification is a pressing issue across all oceans. As oceans become more acidic, calcifying
organisms such as corals and shelled organisms are finding it harder to build their calcium structures and
shells, and phytoplankton are also having a hard time undergoing photosynthesis. This small change in
micropopulations has the capability to alter entire ecosystems. Not only will populations who live in coral
reefs become more vulnerable, but it will also cause a cascading effect in all trophic levels. Not many
studies have been done to examine the effect of ocean acidification in the North Pacific Ocean. This
seemed like a unique opportunity to study surface waters in a wide range and diverse range of the North
Pacific, from Honolulu, HI to San Francisco, CA. During the month of July, surface samples were
collected to measure pH. Data was also gathered from other SEA cruises in order to create a timeline and
study the effect of ocean acidification through time. pH levels showed significant variability across the
North Pacific, ranging from 8.06 in warmer waters to 7.92 in colder waters. Average annual pH also
seemed to decrease through time. It is difficult to pin point exactly why pH varies per region, and has
been decreasing through time, but the results show that ocean acidification is indeed occurring in the
North Pacific and affecting different regions in different ways. The data collected in this study will
hopefully become part of a SEA timeseries, where the change in pH will be documented with the hopes of
establishing an accurate trend in the future.
The effects of ocean acidification on shell degradation of the marine pteropod Limacina and the ratio of
gelatinous to calcifying zooplankton in the Central and Northeast Pacific – Josh Friedman, Julia
McDowell and Schuyler Nardelli
As carbon dioxide levels rise in the atmosphere and are absorbed into the ocean, the pH is beginning to
decrease, which causes the levels of carbonate ions to also decrease. The purpose of this study was to
examine the implications of the changing ocean chemistry on zooplankton that use carbonate to build
their shells, in particular the pteropod Limacina, and to see whether there was a corresponding species
composition shift from calcifying to gelatinous zooplankton. On the S248 cruise from Honolulu, HI to
San Francisco, CA during July 2013, Neuston net tows and pteropod swirls were conducted nightly.
Samples were then analyzed for five different types of degradation: corrosion, perforations, scarring,
opacity, and brownness. 100 counts from the past 11 years were also analyzed for changing species
composition. Average shell degradation was found to be oppositely correlated to the different chemical
factors than expected, however when specifically focusing on the different types of degradation, opacity
and brownness exhibited a distinct positive correlation with carbonate levels and corrosion showed a
distinct negative correlation with pH and carbonate levels. Additionally, as the cruise track progressed
north, the highest abundance of calcifying organisms was found in the North Pacific Transition Zone and
the percentages of calcifying organisms found there exhibited a strong positive correlation to pH levels.
Over time, however, no discernible shift was seen. This study suggests a grim future for pteropods and
other calcifying organisms provided the acidity of the ocean continues to drop with rising carbon dioxide
levels.
Phytoplankton abundance and diversity in relation to Northeast Pacific ocean chemistry and
solar radiation availability – Harrison Ainsworth and Erin Hodge
Phytoplankton diversity and abundance were measured using ratios of diatoms to dinoflagellates, pH,
light availability and nutrient abundance within the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. 50-counts of surface
samples, collected by towing a phytoplankton net, determined ratios between the two groups; it was found
that throughout the entire cruise track diatoms were more prevalent, consistently outcompeting
dinoflagellates for available resources. Light levels, nutrient data and chlorophyll-a levels were extracted
from a hydrocast system and while light levels proved to have little correlation with abundance and
diversity, there was a weak positive relationship with chlorophyll-a levels and nitrate. The concentration
of chlorophyll-a was an indicator of productivity and the weak positive relationship found shows that
higher nitrate levels means higher productivity. A Trichodesmium bloom was observed with low levels of
PO43-
and high levels of NO3 which makes sense because Trichodesmium can fix nitrogen from the
37
atmosphere. pH was collected using a bucket, and it was found that with higher pH (~8.2) came higher
chlorophyll-a concentrations. No correlation between phytoplankton ratios and chlorophyll-a
concentrations were found which eliminates the idea that one group may be more photosynthetically
prominent than the other one. However, on the border of the Transition Zone and the Gyre there was a
spike of chlorophyll-a, nitrate, and phosphate which is indicative of an upwelling zone. Therefore,
according to our data phytoplankton do respond to changes in ocean chemistry, congregating in areas of
higher nitrate and more prominently so in areas of upwelling.
Physical oceanographic processes impacting primary production in the North Pacific Ocean – Myya
Jackson, Rui Li and Irene Pasquale
Our investigation begins in Honolulu, HI and ends after 25 days of crossing the North Pacific basin in San
Francisco, California. Along the cruise track we examined local heat flux patterns, their driving factors,
and how this transfer of energy affects water column stratification. We will specifically look at the
domino affect these fluxes have on the primary production and nutrient availability. We measured
temperatures, wind speeds, humidity levels, and collected chlorophyll and nutrient samples as our means
of gathering local data to compare to greater global physical oceanographic processes we know are
happening in more places than just the North Pacific basin.
