SAILINGROUTES

GZV/ENDORSEMENT

SETUP

-Low&highpressureareasonearth-  Prevailingwinds-  Oceancurrents-  Hurricaneareas-  Dangerousareas-  Routeingperarea-  UseofPilotchartsandOceanPassages

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CONCEPTS

- Doldrums- Horselatitudes-  Tradewinds- Monsoon-  Continentalshelf-  Intertropicalconvergencyzone

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Highpressureareasonearth

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Oceancurrents

-  Drawingpg105/106-  Causedbyprevailingwind-  CoursechangedbyCoriolis

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Hurricaneareas

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Routeshuricanes,cyclones,typhoons

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Piracyproneareas

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DecreaseinPiracy?

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ROUTING

Generalroutes

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NorthAtlantic:Europe-Americas

Westerlies!Directly:Seldompossible.MV’sorfastshipswhenusingprofessionalroutingbureaus!

South:PickupthetradewindsNorth:NorthofLpressurearea (Shortbutcold!!)

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Southern(tradewind)route

LizardPointcourseWSWto10°-12°WestKeepclearofBiscay!Iled’OuessantshouldNotbesighted!Biskay,100fathomline,continentalshelf

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BayofBiscayMakewest!àveeringwindafterpassingcoldfront

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Crossingdoldrumsandequator

Nottoofartotheeast:Doldrumsarealarger!Nottoofartothewest:S-hemisphere:SEtradewindNorthernSummer:South-easttradewindmoreS!NorthernSummer:passbetween17°–19°westNorthernWinter:passbetween24°–29°west

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Verylittlewind

Horselattitudes-SirJamesRoss(descendingofair:H)Doldrums:Risingofair(L)

“Intertropicalconvergencezone”

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South-Atlantic:CapeHorn

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Easttowest:headSouthfirst!SouthsideL

But….NOTtoofar!Westtoeast:prevailingwinds,stayNorthofL!

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67days

1914“EdwardSewall”

SouthAtlantic:CapeofGoodHope

-  Roaringforties,screamingfifties-  Agulhascurrent:“freakwaves”,southgoingstream6ktàPrevailingwesterlywind

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Indianocean

Monsoon!Nwinter:NENsummer:SWDifferenceintemperature

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Indianocean

-  Inthewinterheadwest,inthesummergoeast

-  NEmonsoon4-5bf;SWmonsoon5-7bf-  EntranceRedsea8bf!-  Suezchannel:not‘sailable’

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PanamacanalPacific:areawithnowind

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Panamacanal

LeavingWestside:firstgosouthbeforeheadingWest

(LeavingEastside:leeshoreCaribiansea

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SouthernPacific

Easttowest:SEtradewindWesttoeast:firstgosouth(westerlies)Atolls:àSunfrombehindandenterwithdaylight.Polaroidshades!àBeawareofstrongcurrents!Differencesinwaterlevelinside-outsideatol

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Mediterranean

Currentgoescounterclockwise!W-Estaysouth(inwinterleeshore,Ngales!)E-Wstaynorth

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PilotChartsAveragesofprevailingwinds,currents,airandsurfacetemperatures,waveheights,icelimits,visibility,pressureandweatherconditionsobtainedfromoceanographicandmeteorologicobservationsovermanydecadesNottobeusedfornavigation!Material:pilotchartscontainingthemonthsFeb/April/May/July/Sept.+10copiesofOceanPassagesoftheWorld EZS2013C.Wassenaar

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Generalquestions:1. Explainthemeaningoftheredlines2. Howfarsouthhaveicebergsorgrowlersbeenspottedandinwhichyear?Windroses

1. Whatdoesthelengthoftheshaftofthearrowsmean?2. Whatdoestheamountoffeathersonthearrowindicate?

3. Whatdoesthefigureinthecentreofthewindroseindicate?

Routeingquestion:•  SailingfromBrest(France)toMiami(USA).Planacourseonthemapthatoffersthebestchanceonrunningwinds.AlsouserecommendationsfromtheOceanPassageschapter8.

•  WhatarethedisadvantagesofagreatcircleroutefromBresttoMiami?Whichoceancurrentsplayaparthere?

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