Revolution Spreads to South Revolution Spreads to South AmericaAmerica

The Congress of ViennaThe Congress of Vienna

= International Congress to = International Congress to re-make Europe after the re-make Europe after the downfall of Napoleondownfall of Napoleon

Main Figure = Prince Main Figure = Prince Klemens von Metternich Klemens von Metternich (President of the Congress)(President of the Congress)

Major Players = Major Players = – Great BritainGreat Britain– PrussiaPrussia– Austria, Austria, – RussiaRussia

Napoleon’s Empire Napoleon’s Empire

Map after the Congress of ViennaMap after the Congress of Vienna

Latin American Society Divided Latin American Society Divided

PeninsularesPeninsulares = =– People born in SpainPeople born in Spain– Government OfficialsGovernment Officials

CreolesCreoles = =– Spanish blood born in Spanish blood born in

South AmericaSouth America– Military OfficersMilitary Officers

22 % of Population22 % of Population

(1st & 2nd Estates)

Latin American Society Divided Latin American Society Divided

MestizosMestizos & & MulattosMulattos = =– Mixed Spanish, Indian, Mixed Spanish, Indian,

and African bloodand African blood– 15% of Pop.15% of Pop.

African SlavesAfrican Slaves– 6% of Pop. 6% of Pop.

Indians (Native)Indians (Native)– 56% of Pop.56% of Pop.

(3rd Estate)

Revolution in HaitiRevolution in Haiti

French Colony, with French Colony, with 500,000 slaves500,000 slaves

Toussaint L’OuvertureToussaint L’Ouverture = Led slave revolt = Led slave revolt against France (1801)against France (1801)

Influenced by the Influenced by the French RevolutionFrench Revolution

Colonies Revolt Against SpainColonies Revolt Against SpainSimon BolivarSimon Bolivar = Creole led = Creole led Venezuela to Independence Venezuela to Independence (1821)(1821)

Jose De San MartinJose De San Martin = = Liberated Argentina, Peru, Liberated Argentina, Peru, Chile to independence Chile to independence (1822)(1822)

Both leaders:Both leaders:– Educated in EuropeEducated in Europe– Influenced by the Influenced by the

EnlightenmentEnlightenment– Formed a United States of Formed a United States of

South America “Gran South America “Gran Columbia”Columbia”

Mexico Ends Spanish RuleMexico Ends Spanish Rule

Padre Miguel HidalgoPadre Miguel Hidalgo = =– Well educatedWell educated– Believed in the Believed in the

EnlightenmentEnlightenment– Called for independence Called for independence

“El Grito de Dolores”“El Grito de Dolores”

Padre Jose Maria Padre Jose Maria MorelosMorelos = = – Continued Revolution Continued Revolution

after Hidalgo’s defeatafter Hidalgo’s defeat

Mexican Revolution = Mexican Revolution = 1810 - 18211810 - 1821

Brazil Becomes a NationBrazil Becomes a Nation

Brazil = Colony of Brazil = Colony of PortugalPortugal

Napoleon takes over Napoleon takes over Portugal – Royal Portugal – Royal family escapes to family escapes to BrazilBrazil

““Bloodless” Bloodless” RevolutionRevolution = Gained = Gained independence without independence without violenceviolence