Revolution Spreads to South Revolution Spreads to South AmericaAmerica
The Congress of ViennaThe Congress of Vienna
= International Congress to = International Congress to re-make Europe after the re-make Europe after the downfall of Napoleondownfall of Napoleon
Main Figure = Prince Main Figure = Prince Klemens von Metternich Klemens von Metternich (President of the Congress)(President of the Congress)
Major Players = Major Players = – Great BritainGreat Britain– PrussiaPrussia– Austria, Austria, – RussiaRussia
Napoleon’s Empire Napoleon’s Empire
Map after the Congress of ViennaMap after the Congress of Vienna
Latin American Society Divided Latin American Society Divided
PeninsularesPeninsulares = =– People born in SpainPeople born in Spain– Government OfficialsGovernment Officials
CreolesCreoles = =– Spanish blood born in Spanish blood born in
South AmericaSouth America– Military OfficersMilitary Officers
22 % of Population22 % of Population
(1st & 2nd Estates)
Latin American Society Divided Latin American Society Divided
MestizosMestizos & & MulattosMulattos = =– Mixed Spanish, Indian, Mixed Spanish, Indian,
and African bloodand African blood– 15% of Pop.15% of Pop.
African SlavesAfrican Slaves– 6% of Pop. 6% of Pop.
Indians (Native)Indians (Native)– 56% of Pop.56% of Pop.
(3rd Estate)
Revolution in HaitiRevolution in Haiti
French Colony, with French Colony, with 500,000 slaves500,000 slaves
Toussaint L’OuvertureToussaint L’Ouverture = Led slave revolt = Led slave revolt against France (1801)against France (1801)
Influenced by the Influenced by the French RevolutionFrench Revolution
Colonies Revolt Against SpainColonies Revolt Against SpainSimon BolivarSimon Bolivar = Creole led = Creole led Venezuela to Independence Venezuela to Independence (1821)(1821)
Jose De San MartinJose De San Martin = = Liberated Argentina, Peru, Liberated Argentina, Peru, Chile to independence Chile to independence (1822)(1822)
Both leaders:Both leaders:– Educated in EuropeEducated in Europe– Influenced by the Influenced by the
EnlightenmentEnlightenment– Formed a United States of Formed a United States of
South America “Gran South America “Gran Columbia”Columbia”
Mexico Ends Spanish RuleMexico Ends Spanish Rule
Padre Miguel HidalgoPadre Miguel Hidalgo = =– Well educatedWell educated– Believed in the Believed in the
EnlightenmentEnlightenment– Called for independence Called for independence
“El Grito de Dolores”“El Grito de Dolores”
Padre Jose Maria Padre Jose Maria MorelosMorelos = = – Continued Revolution Continued Revolution
after Hidalgo’s defeatafter Hidalgo’s defeat
Mexican Revolution = Mexican Revolution = 1810 - 18211810 - 1821
Brazil Becomes a NationBrazil Becomes a Nation
Brazil = Colony of Brazil = Colony of PortugalPortugal
Napoleon takes over Napoleon takes over Portugal – Royal Portugal – Royal family escapes to family escapes to BrazilBrazil
““Bloodless” Bloodless” RevolutionRevolution = Gained = Gained independence without independence without violenceviolence